Serum Uric Acid Control for Prevention of Gout Flare in Patients With

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Serum Uric Acid Control for Prevention of Gout Flare in Patients With Inflammatory arthritis Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220439 on 22 June 2021. Downloaded from EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Serum uric acid control for prevention of gout flare in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a retrospective cohort study of health insurance claims and medical check- up data in Japan Ruriko Koto ,1 Akihiro Nakajima,2 Hideki Horiuchi,1 Hisashi Yamanaka3,4,5 Handling editor Josef S ABSTRACT Key messages Smolen Objectives In patients with gout, treating to target serum uric acid levels (sUA) of ≤6.0 mg/dL is universally ► Additional supplemental What is already known about this subject? material is published online recommended to prevent gout flare. However, there is ► For adequate management of gout, guidelines only. To view, please visit the no consensus on asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Using around the world consistently recommend the journal online (http:// dx. doi. Japanese health insurance claims data, we explored use of urate- lowering therapy (ULT) to maintain org/ 10. 1136/ annrheumdis- potential benefits of sUA control for preventing gout 2021- 220439). serum uric acid levels (sUA) of ≤ 6.0 mg/dL. flare in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. 1 Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed the Medical Science Department, What does this study add? Teijin Pharma Limited, Chiyoda- JMDC Claims Database from April 2012 through June In both patients population with asymptomatic ku, Tokyo, Japan 2019. Subjects with sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL were identified, and ► 2Pharmaceutical Development hyperuricaemia and those with gout, our disease status (prescriptions for urate-lowering therapy Administration Department, study indicates that the occurrence of gout (ULT), occurrence of gout flare, sUA) was investigated for Teijin Pharma Limited, Chiyoda- flare can be lowered by using ULT to maintain ku, Tokyo, Japan 1 year. Time to first onset and incidence rate of gout flare 3 sUA≤6.0 mg/dL. Rheumatology, Sanno Medical were determined by disease status subgroups for 2 years Center, Tokyo, Japan or more. The relationship between gout flare and sUA 4Department of Rheumatology, How might this impact clinical practice or control was assessed using multivariable analysis. International University of future developments? Health and Welfare, Chiba, Results The analysis population was 19 261 subjects This study suggests that, in subjects with Japan who met eligibility criteria. We found fewer occurrences ► 5 asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, control of sUA Institute of Rheumatology, of gout flare, for both gout and asymptomatic Tokyo Women’s Medical may provide long- term benefits by reducing or hyperuricaemia, in patients who achieved sUA ≤6.0 mg/ University, Tokyo, Japan eliminating future occurrences of gout flare. dL with ULT than in patients whose sUA remained Correspondence to >6.0 mg/dL or who were not receiving ULT. In particular, Ruriko Koto, Medical Science analysis by a Cox proportional- hazard model for time to Department, Teijin Pharma first gout flare indicated that the HRas w lowest, at 0.45 gout flare under specific conditions.4 5 However, Limited, Chiyoda- ku, Tokyo (95% CI 0.27 to 0.76), in subjects with asymptomatic there is no consensus on whether ULT should be http://ard.bmj.com/ 100-8585, Japan; prescribed prophylactically for patients with asymp- r. koutou@ teijin. co. jp hyperuricaemia on ULT (5.0<sUA ≤ 6.0 mg/dL), compared with untreated subjects (sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL). tomatic hyperuricaemia before the first gout flare. Portions of these data were Conclusions Occurrences of gout flare were reduced European and US guidelines do not recommend presented in abstract form at by controlling sUA at ≤6.0 mg/dL in subjects with ULT for asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. This may the ACR Convergence 2020 asymptomatic hyperuricaemia as well as in those with be because there is insufficient accumulated data (5–9 November 2020). gout. from patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. Received 26 March 2021 Trial registration number UMIN000039985. those countries to provide appropriate guidance. In Accepted 5 June 2021 contrast, Japanese guidelines for gout and hyper- uricaemia recommend the introduction of ULT under specific conditions to prevent gout flare in INTRODUCTION patients having asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with In gout, hyperuricaemia causes abnormal urate sUA of ≥8.0 mg/dL.2 6 As a result, real- world treat- deposition throughout the body.1 2 The disease ment outcome data from patients with asymptom- manifests as painful gout flares, which occur atic hyperuricaemia have been collected in Japan in © Author(s) (or their episodically in many patients with gout and consti- the course of daily clinical practice. Previously, we employer(s)) 2021. Re- use tute a significant clinical burden.3 For adequate found that most patients with gout or asymptomatic permitted under CC BY- NC. No management of gout, guidelines around the world hyperuricaemia failed to meet their sUA targets in commercial re- use. See rights 9 and permissions. Published consistently recommend the use of urate- lowering Japan. Meanwhile, questions remain on whether by BMJ. therapy (ULT) in a treat- to- target approach to ULT- induced reduction of sUA truly improves the maintain serum uric acid levels (sUA) of ≤6.0 mg/ patient’s subsequent clinical course or reduces To cite: Koto R, Nakajima A, dL.1 2 4–6 disease burden. In addition, although randomised Horiuchi H, et al. Ann Rheum Dis Epub ahead The risk of gout flare can be reduced by intro- controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with asymp- of print: [please include Day ducing ULT early in the clinical course of the tomatic hyperuricaemia have shown that the ULT Month Year]. doi:10.1136/ disease,7 8 and European and US guidelines now febuxostat suppresses gout flares compared with annrheumdis-2021-220439 generally recommend initiation of ULT at the first placebo10 or control,11 12 real- world evidence is not Koto R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;0:1–8. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220439 1 Inflammatory arthritis Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220439 on 22 June 2021. Downloaded from Index date (sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL) Follow-up date Medical check-up Medical check-up from 1 April 2013 after 1 year to 31 March 2016 Index period Period 1 Period 2 (1 year) (1 year) (2 years or more) Investigation of Assessment of gout flare in disease status relation to sUA control Figure 1 Study design. sUA, serum uric acid levels. yet available on the relationship between gout flare and sUA in with gout (ICD10 code M10) or asymptomatic hyperuricaemia such patients. (ICD10 code E790). Subjects were also excluded if they were We used data from health insurance claims and medical prescribed ULT or if they were diagnosed with malignant check- ups in a real- world setting to explore the research ques- tumours (ICD10 code C00- C97, D00- D09) during that period. tion, ‘In patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, is control ULT was defined as any drug designated with ATC code M04 of sUA (measured by whether or not sUA is maintained at (antigout preparations), except for colchicine. Definitions of ≤6.0 mg/dL or exceeds that amount) associated with subsequent patient characteristics and drugs are presented in online supple- risk of gout flare?’ mental table S1. METHODS Study measures Study design and setting During period 1, disease status was investigated for each indi- This retrospective cohort study incorporated data from the vidual subject, including the presence or absence of a ULT JMDC Claims Database, including records of Japanese health prescription, the presence or absence of gout flare and sUA at insurance claims and medical check-ups from April 2012 through the follow- up date. June 2019. JMDC collects information from multiple in- country During period 2, the relationship between gout flare and sUA organisations that provide health insurance coverage to Japa- control was assessed, including time to first onset and incidence nese employees and their dependents.13 Data include diagnostic rate of gout flare. These data were calculated for each disease codes, drug prescriptions and information from annual medical status subgroup as determined in period 1. http://ard.bmj.com/ check- ups for each person. In this study, we used the term ‘gout flare’ when two param- Subjects with sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL at one or more medical eters were satisfied. The first was a diagnosis of gout (ICD10 check- ups from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2016 were identified. code M10) and prescriptions for antirheumatics, non- steroidal The study consisted of three distinct periods: the index period, plain (ATC code M01A1) or oral corticosteroids, plain (ATC period 1 and period 2. The index date was defined as the time of code H02A2) or colchicine (generic name), shown on the same the earliest medical check- up showing sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL, and the insurance claim form. For the second, we confirmed the inter- month of that medical check-up was termed the index month. vals between prescriptions for the above- mentioned drugs. We on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. The index period was the year prior to (and excluding) the index interpreted an interval of ≥14 days between the end of prescrip- date. Period 1 started on the index date and ended on the date tion for one drug and start of prescription for another drug as of the subject’s next annual medical check- up (follow- up date). evidence of newly occurring gout flare. We used the term ‘subject Period 2 started on the day after the follow- up date (figure 1). with gout’ to indicate a subject who experienced gout flare, as defined above, during period 1, excluding subjects for whom Participants treatment was not required (no prescription for ULT, and sUA Subjects were included in the study if they had sUA≥8.0 mg/ <8.0 mg/dL at the follow- up date) under Japanese treatment 2 dL at one or more medical check- ups from 1 April 2013 to 31 guidelines.
Recommended publications
  • Appendix a Common Abbreviations Used in Medication
    UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM MASTERS THESIS Impact of Medication Grouping on Fall Risk Prediction in Elders: A Retrospective Analysis of MIMIC-III Critical Care Database Student: SRP Mentor: Noman Dormosh Dr. Martijn C. Schut Student No. 11412682 – SRP Tutor: Prof. dr. Ameen Abu-Hanna SRP Address: Amsterdam University Medical Center - Location AMC Department Medical Informatics Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam Practice teaching period: November 2018 - June 2019 A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Informatics iii Abstract Background: Falls are the leading cause of injury in elderly patients. Risk factors for falls in- cluding among others history of falls, old age, and female gender. Research studies have also linked certain medications with an increased risk of fall in what is called fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs), such as psychotropics and cardiovascular drugs. However, there is a lack of consistency in the definitions of FRIDs between the studies and many studies did not use any systematic classification for medications. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grouping medications at different levels of granularity of a medication classification system on the performance of fall risk prediction models. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-III cohort database. We created seven prediction models including demographic, comorbidity and medication variables. Medica- tions were grouped using the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system (ATC) starting from the most specific scope of medications and moving up to the more generic groups: one model used individual medications (ATC level 5), four models used medication grouping at levels one, two, three and four of the ATC and one model did not include med- ications.
    [Show full text]
  • Description Price NDC CABLE PULSE OX (4083) 0 DERMABOND(DNX12) (SEE MIKE) 0 HO-CEMENTED STEM SZ 16 71316216 10671.26 NECK METHA MOD
    Description Price NDC CABLE PULSE OX (4083) 0 DERMABOND(DNX12) (SEE MIKE) 0 HO-CEMENTED STEM SZ 16 71316216 10671.26 NECK METHA MOD. 130DEG./7.5 L NC077K 8451.29 NECK METHA MOD. 130DEG/7.5 L-R NC079K 8400.06 NEEDLE HOLDER WEBSTER P0405 0 POLYP ETRAP 00711099 1202.32 SET CLEANING BRUSHES 0 TIDISHIELD FRAMES/LENS 9210A-100 0 #1613 VENTILATOR CIR 20.01 #1627 VENTILATOR CIR 21.39 #9 WINDOW ENVELOPE(LAB) 0 * 0 ** 3A ANDROSTANEDIOL GLUCURONIDE 345.81 ** ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (FRAC) 70.66 ** ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (FRAC) 99.51 ** CSF3R EXON 14/17 MUTATION 787.47 ** FCM EACH ADDITIONAL MARKER 19.76 ** FECAL ALPHA-1 ANTIRYPSIN 183.16 ** FLOW CYTO INTER/REPT 2 TO 8 MARKERS 115.37 ** TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS QNT UR 227.87 ** URINE PHOSPHORUS ASSAY 70.66 **% DELTA 2 HR 0 **% DELTA 4 HR 0 **% DELTA 6 HR 0 **(RI ANTIBODY WESTERN BLOT ATHENA 246.62 *****UR MICROSCOPIC ONLY 61.69 *****URINALYSIS CANCELLATION NOTICE 0 *****URINALYSIS,BIOCHEM REQUEST 0 *****URINALYSIS,BIOCHEM REQUEST 0 ****2HR URINE CREATININE 70.66 ****CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE AB IGG 79.32 ****HLA TYPING FOR CELIAC DISEASE 0 ****PLATELET AB SERUM 250.95 ****PLATELET PHERESIS LEUKO RED IRRAD 2787.85 ****VMA-SERUM 294.23 ***ANAPLASMA AMP DNA PROBE 469.17 ***BLEEDING TIME 62.02 ***HLA-B27 DNA TYPING 0 ***HSV AB IGM 197.59 ***IGG SERUM 172.72 ***IMMUNOGLOBULIN IGA1 SUBCLASS 57.69 ***IMMUNOGLOBULIN IGA2 SUBCLASS 57.69 ***LYME ANTIGEN DETECTION ELISA 167.67 ***LYME IGM ANTIBODY 204.8 ***MOLD ALLERGEN SCREEN 109.61 ***PATHOLOGY GROSS ONLY 0 **1 HR INCUBATION MIX PROGRESSIVE 89.43 **11 DEOXYCORTISOL
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Statistics on Medicines 1997 Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services
    Australian Statistics on Medicines 1997 Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services Australian Statistics on Medicines 1997 i © Commonwealth of Australia 1998 ISBN 0 642 36772 8 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be repoduced by any process without written permission from AusInfo. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Manager, Legislative Services, AusInfo, GPO Box 1920, Canberra, ACT 2601. Publication approval number 2446 ii FOREWORD The Australian Statistics on Medicines (ASM) is an annual publication produced by the Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee (DUSC) of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee. Comprehensive drug utilisation data are required for a number of purposes including pharmacosurveillance and the targeting and evaluation of quality use of medicines initiatives. It is also needed by regulatory and financing authorities and by the Pharmaceutical Industry. A major aim of the ASM has been to put comprehensive and valid statistics on the Australian use of medicines in the public domain to allow access by all interested parties. Publication of the Australian data facilitates international comparisons of drug utilisation profiles, and encourages international collaboration on drug utilisation research particularly in relation to enhancing the quality use of medicines and health outcomes. The data available in the ASM represent estimates of the aggregate community use (non public hospital) of prescription medicines in Australia. In 1997 the estimated number of prescriptions dispensed through community pharmacies was 179 million prescriptions, a level of increase over 1996 of only 0.4% which was less than the increase in population (1.2%).
    [Show full text]
  • Serum Uric Acid Control for Prevention of Gout Flare in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricaemia: a Retrospective Cohort Study
    Inflammatory arthritis Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220439 on 22 June 2021. Downloaded from EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Serum uric acid control for prevention of gout flare in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a retrospective cohort study of health insurance claims and medical check- up data in Japan Ruriko Koto ,1 Akihiro Nakajima,2 Hideki Horiuchi,1 Hisashi Yamanaka3,4,5 Handling editor Josef S ABSTRACT Key messages Smolen Objectives In patients with gout, treating to target serum uric acid levels (sUA) of ≤6.0 mg/dL is universally ► Additional supplemental What is already known about this subject? material is published online recommended to prevent gout flare. However, there is ► For adequate management of gout, guidelines only. To view, please visit the no consensus on asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Using around the world consistently recommend the journal online (http:// dx. doi. Japanese health insurance claims data, we explored use of urate- lowering therapy (ULT) to maintain org/ 10. 1136/ annrheumdis- potential benefits of sUA control for preventing gout 2021- 220439). serum uric acid levels (sUA) of ≤ 6.0 mg/dL. flare in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. 1 Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed the Medical Science Department, What does this study add? Teijin Pharma Limited, Chiyoda- JMDC Claims Database from April 2012 through June In both patients population with asymptomatic ku, Tokyo, Japan 2019. Subjects with sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL were identified, and ► 2Pharmaceutical Development hyperuricaemia and those with gout, our disease status (prescriptions for urate-lowering therapy Administration Department, study indicates that the occurrence of gout (ULT), occurrence of gout flare, sUA) was investigated for Teijin Pharma Limited, Chiyoda- flare can be lowered by using ULT to maintain ku, Tokyo, Japan 1 year.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 1/44
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2013 DDD/1000/ ATC code ATC group / INN (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 146,8152 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0760 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0760 A01AB09 Miconazole(O) 7139,2 g 0,2 g 0,0760 A01AB12 Hexetidine(O) 1541120 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+Benzocaine(C) 23900 pieces A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+Thymol(dental) 2639 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+Cetylpyridinium chloride(gingival) 179340 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+Cetrimide(O) 23565 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate(O) 824240 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+Chamomille extract(O) 317140 g A01AD86 Lidocaine+Eugenol(gingival) 1128 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 35,6598 A02A ANTACIDS 0,9596 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 0,9596 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 591680 pieces 10 pieces 0,1261 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide(O) 1998558 ml 50 ml 0,0852 A02AD82 Aluminium aminoacetate+Magnesium oxide(O) 463540 pieces 10 pieces 0,0988 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+Magnesium carbonate(O) 3049560 pieces 10 pieces 0,6497 A02AF Antacids with antiflatulents Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium A02AF80 1000790 ml hydroxide+Simeticone(O) DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 34,7001 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 3,5364 A02BA02 Ranitidine(O) 494352,3 g 0,3 g 3,5106 A02BA02 Ranitidine(P)
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Existing Classification Efforts
    Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.1.1 Review of existing classification efforts Due date of deliverable: (15.01.2008) Actual submission date: (07.02.2008) Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UGent Revision 1.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Task 4.1 : Review of existing classification efforts Authors: Kristof Pil, Elke Raes, Thomas Van den Neste, An-Sofie Goessaert, Jolien Veramme, Alain Verstraete (Ghent University, Belgium) Partners: - F. Javier Alvarez (work package leader), M. Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro (University of Valladolid, Spain) - Monica Colas, Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Luque (DGT, Spain) - Han de Gier, Sylvia Hummel, Sholeh Mobaser (University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Martina Albrecht, Michael Heiβing (Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon (University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Vassilis Papakostopoulos, Villy Portouli, Andriani Mousadakou (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.1.1. Revision 1.0 Review of Existing Classification Efforts Page 2 of 127 Introduction DRUID work package 4 focusses on the classification and labeling of medicinal drugs according to their influence on driving performance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines
    This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization WHO Technical Report Series 933 THE SELECTION AND USE OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES Report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2005 (including the 14th Model List of Essential Medicines) World Health Organization Geneva 2006 i WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (14th : 2005: Geneva, Switzerland) The selection and use of essential medicines : report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2005 : (including the 14th model list of essential medicines). (WHO technical report series ; 933) 1.Essential drugs — standards 2.Formularies — standards 3.Drug information services — organization and administration 4.Drug utilization 5. Pharmaceutical preparations — classification 6.Guidelines I.Title II.Title: 14th model list of essential medicines III.Series. ISBN 92 4 120933 X (LC/NLM classification: QV 55) ISSN 0512-3054 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publica- tions — whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution — should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • ICCB-L Plate (10 Mm / 3.33 Mm) ICCB-L Well Vendor ID Chemical Name
    ICCB-L Plate ICCB-L Therapeutic Absorption Protein FDA Additional info Additional info Vendor_ID Chemical_Name CAS number Therapeutic class Target type Target names (10 mM / 3.33 mM) Well effect tissue binding approved type detail Pharmacological 3712 / 3716 A03 Prestw-1 Azaguanine-8 134-58-7 Oncology Antineoplastic tool 3712 / 3716 A05 Prestw-2 Allantoin 97-59-6 Dermatology Antipsoriatic Carbonic 3712 / 3716 A07 Prestw-3 Acetazolamide 59-66-5 Metabolism Anticonvulsant Enzyme Carbonic anhydrase GI tract Yes anhydrase Potential Plasmatic New therapeutic 3712 / 3716 A09 Prestw-4 Metformin hydrochloride 1115-70-4 Endocrinology Anorectic GI tract Yes anticancer proteins use agent Chemical Plasmatic classification Quaternary 3712 / 3716 A11 Prestw-5 Atracurium besylate 64228-81-5 Neuromuscular Curarizing Yes proteins (according ATC ammonium code) 3712 / 3716 A13 Prestw-6 Isoflupredone acetate 338-98-7 Endocrinology Anti-inflammatory Therapeutic Amiloride-sensitive classification Potassium- 3712 / 3716 A15 Prestw-7 Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate 17440-83-4 Metabolism Antihypertensive LGIC GI tract Yes sodium channel, ENaC (according ATC sparing agent code) 3712 / 3716 A17 Prestw-8 Amprolium hydrochloride 137-88-2 Infectiology Anticoccidial Veterinary use Poultry Therapeutic Solute carrier family 12 Plasmatic classification Low-ceiling 3712 / 3716 A19 Prestw-9 Hydrochlorothiazide 58-93-5 Metabolism Antihypertensive Carrier GI tract Yes member 3 proteins (according ATC diuretic code) Chemical classification 3712 / 3716 A21 Prestw-10 Sulfaguanidine
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Name of the Medicinal Product 2. Qualitative And
    Sandoz Business use only Page 1 of 15 1.3.1 spc-label-pl - common-spc - EU - 66 20140220 (DE/H/1356/001-002/R/001- Response on FRAR ) ALLOPURINOL 100 MG; 300 MG TABLET 721-6139.00 721-6688.00 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Allopurinol 100 mg tablets Allopurinol 300 mg tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Allopurinol 100 mg tablets Each tablet contains 100 mg allopurinol. Allopurinol 300 mg tablets Each tablet contains 300 mg allopurinol. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Tablet Allopurinol 100 mg tablets White, round, biconvex tablets with a single-sided score notch. The tablet can be divided into equal halves. Allopurinol 300 mg tablets White to off-white, biconvex oblong tablet with both-sided breaking notch. The tablet can be divided into equal halves. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Allopurinol 100 mg Adults All forms of hyperuricaemia not controllable by diet, with serum uric acid values in the range of 535 µmol/l (9 mg/100 ml) and above and in clinical complications of Sandoz Business use only Page 2 of 15 1.3.1 spc-label-pl - common-spc - EU - 66 20140220 (DE/H/1356/001-002/R/001- Response on FRAR ) ALLOPURINOL 100 MG; 300 MG TABLET 721-6139.00 721-6688.00 hyperuricaemic states, particularly manifest gout, urate nephropathy, for the dissolution and prevention of uric acid stones as well as for the prevention of the formation of calcium oxalate stones in concurrent hyperuricaemia Adults, children and adolescents ≥ 15 kg bodyweight Secondary hyperuricaemia of differing origin Children and adolescents ≥ 15 kg bodyweight Uric acid nephropathy during treatment of leukaemia Hereditary enzyme deficiency disorders, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (partial or total hypoxanthin-guanin phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency) and adenine phosophoribosyl transferase deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • ATC-Index Mit DDD-Angaben Für Deutschland Im Jahre 2019
    Uwe Fricke · Judith Günther · Katja Niepraschk-von Dollen · Anette Zawinell Anatomisch-therapeutisch- chemische Klassifikation mit Tagesdosen für den deutschen Arzneimittelmarkt ATC-Index mit DDD-Angaben Mai 2019 Impressum Die vorliegende Publikation ist ein Beitrag des GKV-Arzneimittelindex im Wissenschaftlichen Institut der AOK (WldO). Anatomisch-therapeutisch-chemische Klassifikation mit Tagesdosen für den deutschen Arzneimittelmarkt ATC-Index mit DDD-Angaben für den deutschen Arzneimittelmarkt Berlin 2019, 18. überarbeitete Auflage Uwe Fricke, Judith Günther, Katja Niepraschk-von Dollen, Anette Zawinell Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WldO) im AOK-Bundesverband GbR Rosenthaler Str. 31, 10178 Berlin Geschäftsführender Vorstand: Martin Litsch (Vorsitzender) Jens Martin Hoyer (stellv. Vorsitzender) http://www.aok-bv.de/impressum/index.html Aufsichtsbehörde: Senatsverwaltung für Gesundheit, Pflege und Gleichstellung –SenGPG– Oranienstraße 106, 10969 Berlin Pharmazeutisch-technische Assistenz: Sandra Heric, Heike Hoffmeister, Sabine Roggan, Manuela Steden Datenverarbeitung: Kenan Ajanovic, Jana Weiss Redaktionelle Bearbeitung: Melanie Hoberg, Manuela Steden Titelfoto: Ulrich Birtel Nachdruck, Wiedergabe, Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung (gleich welcher Art), auch von Teilen des Werkes, bedürfen der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung. E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.wido.de Inhalt Wissenschaftliche Berater des GKV-Arzneimittelindex ......................................................... 4 Hinweise .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Drug-Related Kidney Injury and Safe Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly
    Drug-related Kidney Injury and Safe Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly Nico J.C. van Blijderveen ISBN 978-94-6169-596-3 Layout and printing: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Copyright © J.C. van Blijderveen 2014. All rights reserved. No parts of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permis- sion of the holder of the copyright. Financial support for printing this thesis was generously provided by the Interdisciplin- ary Processing of Clinical Information (IPCI) group of the Department of Medical Infor- matics, Erasmus University Medical Center and the Dutch Evaluation Board Drug-Induced Kidney Injury and Safe Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly Geneesmiddel gerelateerde nierschade en veilig geneesmiddelgebruik bij ouderen Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. H.A.P. Pols en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op dinsdag 9 december 2014 om 15.30 uur door Jan Cornelis van Blijderveen Geboren te Rhenen Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof.dr. B.H.Ch. Stricker Prof.dr. M.C.J.M. Sturkenboom overige leden: Prof.dr. R. Zietse Prof.dr. J.L.C.M. van Saase Prof.dr. H.G.M. Leufkens Copromotores: Dr. K.M.C. Verhamme Dr. S.M.J.M. Straus ContEntS Chapter 1 General Introduction 7 Chapter 2 the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease 13 2.1 The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in the 15
    [Show full text]