Achievements and Prospects of Solid-State RF Power Amplifier towards Green Accelerator.
Technology fusion of mobile communication, broadcasting devices, and accelerators. Guide to low-cost, high reliability solution. October 29, 2019
Presented by Riichiro Kobana R&K COMPANY LIMITED - President
-1- Index
1. Evolution of Transistor
2. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
3. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
4. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application
5. R&K Recent Delivery Status
-2- 1. Innovation of Transistors
Freescale introduced LDMOS on April 13, 2011. The video shows high ruggedness of LDMOS on fully reflected circuit.
NXP document in 2012. The chart describes “Cost per Watt” trends in LDMOS Cost versus Performance.
NXP document released in June 2017, describing the major advantages of solid-state amplifier compared to vacuum tube amplifier. -3- 1-A. Innovation of Transistors
-4- -5- 2. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
Mass Production Experience (SSA for PHS Base Station)
1995: R&K started designing and developing SSA for mobile communication base station ↓ 2000: Accumulated sales of SSA: 20 thousand units ↓ 2002: Move into new premise. Accumulated sales of SSA: 1 million units. ↓ 2003: Accumulated sale of SSA: 1.2 million units ↓ 2004: Built 2nd Factory Building
Total 2.3million SSAs shipped! *This shipment record was introduced on 50th year anniversary edition of Microwave Journal magazine
-6- 2. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
RF “4-Parallel” Module (4.4kW) Inner Photo. 12 pcs of RF “4-Parallel” modules (50kW) and Rack photo with installed modules. 4 solid-state amplifier pallets are equipped in 6 pcs of heatsinks are inserted into the rack. Amplifier system can operate parallel within the module. after relocating modules. (cold-swap)
Characteristic of single transistor at 2MHz band, Power combining at final stage amplifier unit. Achieve switching power supply efficiency ≥ 96%. 500MHz, 1kW, power supply efficiency 61% Initial spec performance secured even Resonant switching power supply is hot-swappable. with 7% transistor failure -7- 2-A. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
-8- 2-B. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
-9- 2-C. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
500MHz, 300kW/Pulse
-10- 2-F. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
-11- 2-G. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
-12- 2-H. R&K Technical Capability and Strength
1.3GHz ≥ 3.8kW 1.3GHz ≥ 7kW
-13- 3. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
Conventional 2-way Combining vs Status Monitoring and SD Card Recording Status Monitoring and SD Card Recording Single-Stage Combining by Radial Combiner External Output via Modbus Communication Long-term Data Recording by 1sec by 1min.
Output Power Expandability by High Available Power Supply Low Cost LDMOS available in Market Building Block Structure High VSWR Handling/Broadband Lineup -14- 3-A. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
Single-Stage Combining by Radial Combiner
Conventional way to combine with 90°Hybrid Junction
The way to combine with 90° Hybrid Junction
8-way
The way to combine with Radial Combiner The way to combine with Radial Combiner
8-way
The output power is larger than the way with 90°Hybrid Junction
The biggest feature of the radial combiner: small insertion loss
Low insertion loss enhances redundancy at input/output power ⇒ Input/output linearity becomes better Low insertion loss reduces calorific value ⇒ Long-term reliability becomes better
-15- 3-B. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
Multi Monitoring System
-16- 3-C. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
Multi Monitoring System
-17- 3-D. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
Expandability of SSA
200MHz 200MHz 150kW 200kW
R&K’s SSA can expand its output power by Building Block Construction that is expandable system hardware architecture designed to add final amplifier units and capacitor bank units later when more output power is required for test or application at the user.
e.g. In this case, output power can increase from 150kW to 200kW by adding one set of Final Amp Unit and Capacitor Bank Unit, and replacing a Radial Combiner R&K - CA200BW0.4-7282RP from 36-way to 48-way. R&K - CA200BW0.4-7383RP
-18- 3-E. Architectural Change of SSA and Innovation
HAPS
Switching DC OUT RF Amplifier AC IN (High Availability Power Supply) Power Supply 1 Module 1
Switching RF Amplifier AC IN Power Supply 2 Module 2 ・ ・ Previously.. ・ ・ ・ ・ Switching RF Amplifier AC IN Power Supply N Module N
Use “Diode” for N+1 Redundancy Use “MOSFET” for N+1 Redundancy
-19- 4. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application
Trends for SSSC Architecture 1300MHz ≥ 3.8kW CW-SSA Presentation in CWRF 2018 Taiwan Highly reliable SSA accelerates this trend. 1st Shipment for SSSC Architecture System Performance Review and Evaluation
10MW-MBK and LPDS-39 Distribution Cost Reduction by Standardized Design Highly-Stabilized SSSC Architecture MARX-Mod, LPDS, Circulator, Dummy And Volume Production Full Auto-control and Performance Stability
-20- [New Proposal] Single Source Single Cavity (SSSC) Architecture
21 -21- [New Proposal] Single Source Single Cavity (SSSC) Architecture
-22- 4-A. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application [New Proposal] Single Source Single Cavity (SSSC) Architecture
-23- 4-B. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application
[Old Method] LPDC (10MW KLYSTRON Multi-Branch Connection) RF Power Amplifier for ILC Cavity-Driven Architecture
[New Proposal] “Single Source Single Cavity” Architecture (Solid-State Power Amplifier 200kW, Pulse x 39)
-24- 4-D. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application Ultra-high Stability of Single Source Single Cavity Structure
-25- [New Proposal] Single Source Single Cavity (SSSC) Architecture
-26- [New Proposal] Single Source Single Cavity (SSSC) Architecture 4-E. Evolution and Completion of Modern Green SSA Application
[Old Method] LPDS (10MW KLYSTRON Multi-Branch Connection) Unlike “Single Source Single Cavity” architecture, LPDS (Multi-distributing system for high power klystron power amplifier) consists of power splitter, variable attenuator, phase shifter, isolator, dummy load, and so on. They are combination of passive microwave components, but the structure relies heavily on the mechanical durability.
Extremely complicated mechanical system. In order to achieve long term reliability for phase and power accuracy with 39-way distribution, adjustment by highly skilled and Source: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of Particle experienced technicians is absolutely Accelerator Society of Japan, “STATUS OF RF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION FOR ILC IN STF” necessary. The system is not suitable Authors: Norihiko Hanaka, Kazuya Ishimoto, Naoto Numata, Kazuhiko for simple, highly accurate, and Yasu, Mitsuo Akemoto, Dai Arakawa, Masato Egi, Hiroaki Katagiri, Tateru Takenaka, Hiromitsu automated operation. Nakajima, Shigeki Fukuda, Hideki Matsushita, Toshihiro Matsumoto, Takako Miura, Shinichiro Michizono -28- 5. R&K Recent Delivery Status
For Domestic Market For SLAC related Projects For European/USA Market
-29- 5-A. R&K Recent Delivery Status
Output Frequency Delivery Institution Prefecture Power Mode Qty. (MHz) Date (kW) Tohoku Univ. Miyagi 500 15 CW 1 Mar. 2019 Yamagata Yamagata 200 150 Pulse 1 Mar. 2015 Univ. 1300 8 CW 2 Nov. 2013~ 1300 16 CW 1 Mar. 2013 2856 0.6 Pulse 28 Mar. 2014~ KEK KEK Ibaraki 5712 0.5 Pulse 1 Dec. 2013 Tohoku Univ. 11424 0.5 Pulse 2 Mar. 2011~ 0.01~254 0.5 CW 27 Mar. 2010~ 900~1800 0.5 CW 3 Mar. 2013~ 324 30 Pulse 2 Sep. 2014~ J-PARC Ibaraki 324 120 Pulse 1 Dec. 2013
RIKEN 200 200 Pulse 1 Mar. 2014 RIKEN [RANS] Saitama [RANS] 500 300 Pulse 1 Mar. 2019
QST 100 30 Pulse 1 Jan. 2013 J-PARC Chiba [NIRS] 10000 800 Pulse 1 May. 2015 NIFS Gifu 0.009~250 0.7 CW 1 Dec. 2017
IMS 90.115 5 CW 1 Apr. 2015 Aichi [UVSOR] 90.115 20 CW 1 Apr. 2016 Kyoto Univ. Kyoto 6000 0.2 Pulse 1 Jul. 2018 RIKEN Hyogo 5712 0.8 Pulse 1 Mar. 2019 2856 1.2 Pulse 1 Jan. 2012 0.01~255 0.25 CW 6 Mar.2011~ QST [NIRS] SPring-8 Hyogo 0.012~255 0.5 CW 1 Mar. 2010 900~2000 0.5 CW 1 Mar. 2013 RIKEN [Harima] IMS [UVSOR] SAGA-LS Saga 0.009~100 0.1 CW 1 Aug. 2013 -30- 5-B. R&K Recent Delivery Status
Total Qty Delivered Qty Delivered Qty Delivered № Frequency Power Project Total Status Qty Delivered Delivery Qty Delivered Delivery Qty Delivered Delivery № Frequency Power Project Qty Status to SLAC Delivery to Fermilab Delivery to JLAB Delivery Qty to SLAC to Fermilab to JLAB ① 185.7MHz 60kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 2 Delivered 2 Dec. 2017 ① 185.7MHz 60kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 2 Delivered 2 Dec. 2017 ② 199.6MHz 3kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 1 Delivered 1 Sep. 2017 ② 199.6MHz 3kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 1 Delivered 1 Sep. 2017 ③ 358.54MHz 64kW Pulse SPEAR3 1 Delivered 1 Jun. 2016 ③ 358.54MHz 64kW Pulse SPEAR3 1 Delivered 1 Jun. 2016 2 Oct. 2017 ④ 1.3GHz 80W CW LCLS-Ⅱ 7 Delivered 5 Aug.2018 Jan. 2016 3 Jan. 2016 3 Jan. 2016 ④ 1.3GHz 3.8kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 277 In Production 262 Jan. 2016 3 Jan. 2016 ⑤ 1.3GHz 3.8kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 278 Delivered 262 ~ May 2018 4 May 2016 5 May 2016 ~ Aug. 2018 1 Nov. 2016 5 May 2016 ⑤ 1.3GHz 4.6kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 1 Delivered 1 Feb. 2018 1 Apr. 2018 ⑥ 1.3GHz 4.6kW CW LCLS-Ⅱ 3 Delivered ⑥ 3.9GHz 900W CW LCLS-Ⅱ 16 In Production 8 (Scheduled)2 Dec.T.B.D. 2018 8 (Scheduled) T.B.D. ⑦ 11.424GHz3.9GHz 500W900W PulseCW LCLS-Ⅱ 161 Delivered 18 Aug. 20172018 8 (Scheduled) T.B.D. ⑧ 11.424GHz 500W Pulse LCLS-Ⅱ 1 Delivered 1 Aug. 2017
185.7MHz 358.54MHz 1.3GHz 3.9GHz ① 185.7MHz 60kW CW SSPAs 11.424GHz 60kW CW 199.6MHz 64kW Pulse 3.8kW/4.6kW CW 900W CW These SSPAs were purchased 3kW CW (2 SSAs in Rack) 500W Pulse by LBNL and delivered to SLAC.
-31- 5-C. R&K Recent Delivery Status
< Alphabetical Order >
Laboratory Country Frequency Power Mode Qty. Delivery (MHz) (kW) 352 2 CW 16 Jul. 2019 Argonne USA 117.3 10 CW 1 In Production
Brookhaven USA 0.009~254 0.5 CW 2 Feb. 2019
5~1000 0.25 CW 3 Nov. 2015 CERN Switz. 5~1200 0.3~0.5 CW 2 Jan. 2019
CLS Canada 0.009~250 0.1 CW 5 Oct. 2018
LBNL USA 185.7 60 CW 2 Dec. 2017
Los Alamos USA 201.25 20 Pulse 2 Dec. 2018
476 10 Pulse 1 Jan. 2016 Notre Dame USA 2856 0.3 Pulse 2 Oct. 2015~ 0.5~30 3 CW 13 Aug. 2017~ RAL/STFC UK 1.8~4 100 Pulse 1 In Production
SLAC* USA 1300 3.8 CW 278 Jan. 2016~
TRIUMF Canada 650~2800 0.3 CW 1 Mar. 2019
*See “Recent Delivery Status of R&K SSPA for SLAC” for more comprehensive delivery record including the other models.
-32- R&K Company Limited RF/Microwave Power Amplifiers and Components www.rk-microwave.com
-33- Q&A - 1
1. The cooling water temperature (of the current vacuum tube design) is +50degC. If the amplifier is 200kW and efficiency is 50%, consumption power is 3% of 400kW, 12kW/unit. If RF conditions are same, average heat generation is stable. Our preliminary calculation of heat generation of solid-state power amplifier is 6kW (12kW－6kW). For quantity 39 units, it’s going to be 234kW.
If we calculate accurately, however, heat generation at 55% efficiency is 3% of 363,636kW, consumption power is 10.9kW/unit. The heat generation of this semiconductor is 10.91kW-6kW=4.91kW. For quantity 39 units, it’s going to be 191.49kW.
-34」 - Q&A - 2
2. The footprint of power amplifier unit only needs to be within (W)100cm x (D)100cm x (H)70cm.
It would be possible to have power supply unit (3% of 200kW SSA with efficiency 50% is 1kW, power supply module is going to be 2~3 pcs/set) built-in the power amplifier if we further reconsider high- voltage power Supply, Marx modulator, and all waveguide components like circulator.
Measures against radiation is also possible.
-35- Q&A - 3
3. AC-RF power supply final efficiency of 10MW klystron is about 40%, according to the comments from Prof. Yoshioka. (Klystron itself is 65%, so I thought that more than 50% was possible…)
The efficiency of GaN transistor is 75%, AC power supply efficiency is 95%, total loss of all combiners is 1dB. The calculation is 0.75 x 0.95 x 0.794328= 0.5659587, we can target 56% of AC to RF efficiency that is impossible for Klystron to achieve. Substantial cost reduction is possible by using GaN transistor of higher power like 1500W device. 1500W GaN transistors are just put on the market as of today, but some others additionally may come on to the market in 2020.
-36-