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The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Polar Front in the Sea of Japan

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The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Polar Front in the Sea of Japan Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1986 The pS atial and Temporal Variability of the Polar Front in the Sea of Japan (Polar Front, Eddies, Thermal Gradient). Taebo Shim Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Shim, Taebo, "The pS atial and Temporal Variability of the Polar Front in the Sea of Japan (Polar Front, Eddies, Thermal Gradient)." (1986). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4204. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4204 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. 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Colored illustrations, paper or print ____ 3. Photographs with dark background V 4. Illustrations are poor copy ______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ^ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s) ___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other ____________ University Microfilms International THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE POLAR FRONT IN THE SEA OF JAPAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Sciences by Taebo Shim B.S., Seoul National University, Korea, 1974 M.S., Seoul National University, Korea, 1980 August, 1986 ©1987 TAEBO SHIM All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my heartful thanks to my advisors Dr. William J. Wiseman, Jr. and Dr. Oscar K. Huh. They were tolerant of my shortcomings and always inspired me to overcome them. Without their continuous encouragement and thoughtful criticism, this dissertation would have been impossible. My special thanks are due to Dr. Huh. His guidance in remote sensing oceanography as well as financial and moral support during the past five years are gratefully acknowledged. His hospitality in America can not be forgotten. I would like thank to my committee for their contributions and help with this work : Dr. S. A. Hsu, Dr. L. J. Rouse, Jr. Dr. R. E. Turner, and Dr. J. N. Suhayda. Dr. Rouse's critical reading of the manuscript raised the quality of the writing. I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. J. Mitchell for both providing the SEASAT data and critically reading the SEASAT data analysis chapter, to Mr. T. Leming for allowing me to use the ELAS image processing system at the National Marine Fisheries Service Office in Slidell, La. when LSU's system was not available, and to Mr. J. Harding for providing the Guam 7-day SST analysis charts. Discussions with Scott Dinnel and Alexis Lugo were very helpful. Thanks are also due to Chris Swarzenski for correcting the English in the first draft of this dissertation. The personnel of the Coastal Studies Institute and Remote Sensing and Image Processing (RSIP) Laboratory provided much support, for ii which they are thanked. Mr. Kerry Lyle is thanked for his photographic help. Finally I would like to thank to ray family, and 'both' parents in Korea for their continuous encouragement and support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i i LIST OF TABLES............... ................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................. vii ABSTRACT......................................................... xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. THE SEA OF JAPAN AND THE POLAR FRONT................. 9 2.1. General Oceanography of the Sea of Japan................. 9 2.2. Polar Front............................................ 18 2.3. Results................................................ 22 2.4. Discussion and summary................................ 39 CHAPTER 3. VARIABILITY OF THE SEA SURFACE THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE POLAR FRONT FROM SATELLITEMEASUREMENTS .................. 41 3.1. Introduction............... ........................... 41 3.2. AVHRR data analysis.............. ,. „................... 43 3.2.1. Results of the level 1-B data.................... 47 3.2.2. Results of the historicalAVHRR data............. 56 3.3. Guam 7-day SST analysis................................ 61 3.3.1. Data processing..................... 63 3.3.2. Methodology..................................... 68 3.3.3. Results......................................... 69 3.4. Discussion............................................. 81 iv CHAPTER 4. SEASAT ALTIMETER DATA................................. 82 4.1. Introduction........................................... 82 4.2. Data correction........................................ 87 4.3. Data analysis.......................................... 92 4.4. Discussion.............................................. 104 4.5. Summary................................................. 109 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION................................. Ill REFERENCES.........................................................115 v LIST OF TABLES page Table 4.1. The rms variability in the sections in cm............ 108 vi LIST OF FIGURES page Figure 2-1. The bottom topography and geography of the Sea of Japan................................................ 11 Figure 2-2. Two current systems in the Sea of Japan. The North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) and the Liman Current compose the Liman and Maritime Province Current (MPC) ; the TTCS is composed of the East Korea Warm Current (EKW&) and -...... ■ the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC).............................. 15 Figure 2-3. Vertical salinity profile (July, 1975) along the line AB shown in Figure 2-12-a........................... 19 Figure 2-4. Horizontal salinity distribution at 50 m (July/August, 1973) from NODC................................ 21 Figure 2-5. SST distribution in August, 1971........................ 24 Figure 2-6. Salinity distribution at surface in August, 1972....... 24 Figure 2-7. SST (a) and sea surface sigma-t (b) distribution in August, 1972................................................25 Figure 2-8. Salinity distribution at 30 m in August, 1971......... 27 Figure 2-9. Sigma-t distribution at 30 m in February (a) and in August (b), 1972........................................28 Figure 2-10. Horizontal temperature distribution at 30 m (a), at 50 m (b) in August, 1971, and 30 m (c), and 50 m (d) in August, 1975.............................................. 29 Figure 2-11. Horizontal temperature distribution at 50 m in August, 1972.............................................. 31 Figure 2-12. Location map (a) for the vertical profiles of temperature (b), salinity (c) and sigma-t (d) in February, and temperature (e), salinity (f), and sigma-t (g) in August, 1975...................................................33 4 2 Figure 2-13. Horizontal distribution of the ( A$/ (28)) x 10 m /s in August, 1973 (a) and 1975 (b). Nomogram for ( Ai/ (28)) x 104 m2/s = 0.8 (c) and 1.0 (d). 7 °C isotherm depth in August 1973 (e)........................................... 36 Figure 3-1. Enhanced TIROS-N image,
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