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Home , East Korea Warm Current, Molucca Sea

INDEX

The following abbreviations are used in this index: WO = World , AO = , IO = , PO = , Med = Mediterranean, C = Current.

Adélie coast 79,80 Arguin Bank 303 - 305 Adriatic 275, 278 Aru Basin 174 Agulhas Asian High 109 Bank 190, 191 Atlantic-Indian Basin 64 Current 179, 180, 190 – 193, 206, Atlantic Water 207, 211, 254,262, 264, 267, 318 in Med. 92 - 98 retroflection 189, 191 - 192 in Eurafrican Med. 272 - 280 Plateau 191 Australian-Antarctic air pressure at sea level 3 Basin 64, 108 over WO: 5 - 7, Discordance 201 over SO: 66 Aves Ridge 87 over Arctic 112, 125 Azores Alaskan Stream 112, 125, 158 - 160 Current 50, 231 – 233, 238, 240, Aleutian 247 Islands 125, 157 – 158, 160 High 231 Low 109 Azov, Sea of 282 Algerian Current 276 - 277 Bab el Mandeb 215, 218, 220 Almeria-Oran Front 276 - 277 Baffin Alpha Ridge 85 Bay 98, 231, 271 - 274 Amery ice shelf 76 Current 271 Amundsen 231, 290, 294 – 298 Abyssal Plain 64, 108 221, 224, 227 Basin 85, 97 Water, see Med.Water, Australasian Anadyr Current 159 88, 93, 98 199 – 200, 215 barrier layer 57 - 61 Angola in AO: 267 - 268 Current 237 - 238 in IO: 212 - 213 Dome 237 in PO: 154 - 156 Angola-Benguela Front 233, 237 Barrow Strait 271 Antarctic Bass Strait 299 – 302, 304 Convergence (see also Polar Front) 61, 175, 186 – 187, 71, 74, 77, 81 196, 200, 204, 206, 211 – 212, 215 Divergence 71, 74 - 78, 81, 257 Water 211 - 212 Zone 71 – 72, 77, 78 84 Antilles C. 231, 238, 246, 247 Bellinghausen Abyssal Plain 64 Arabian Basin 177 Belt Sea 295 - 298 Sea 175, 186 – 188, 199, 200, 204, 234, 237, 247 - 248, 212, 215, 219 305 106, 174 Bering Arctic Slope Current 185 Ocean, see mediterranean Strait 84, 88, 90, 97 – 98, 140, 144, Mid-Ocean Ridge 85 157 - 159 Argentine Basin 230 Sea 125, 157 – 162, 167

pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) bipole, see eddies North Atlantic 251, 265 – 267, 269, 272, 274 – 275, 281 – 283, 303 295 , 296 South Atlantic 150, 208, 249 – 251, Bohai Gulf 168, 169 263 – 267, 299, 303 Bosphorus Strait 282 - 283 Western South Pacific 52, Bottom Water 150 – 153, 208, 263, 299 - 301 Antarctic 53, 77 – 80, 140 – 141, Eastern South Pacific 150 146, 200 – 201, 203, 255 – 256, Western North Pacific 150 - 151 259 Eastern North Pacific 150, 152 Arctic 93 – 95, 99 – 101, 256 – 258, Chagos-Laccadive Ridge 177 263 Chatham Rise 130, 140, 149 273 Chile (see also Peru/Chile ...) Japan Sea 168 Basin 108 169 Rise 64, 140 boundary currents China Coastal Current 169 western 41, 43, 45 – 46, 50, 57, 84, 88, 93, 157 121 ff., 140, 146, 147, 163 – 165, Circumpolar 182, 188 ff., 199, 200 ff., 238ff., Current 64 – 66, 70, 78 – 82, 101, 269, 286 ff., 306, 318 - 319 102, 110, 140, 200, 203, 245, 246, eastern 131 ff., 139, 154, 158, 255 195 ff., 247 ff. Water 71, 78, 80, 103, 200, 261 Boussole Strait 162 Columbia Basin 284, 287 Bowers Ridge 157, 158 Continental Water Boundary 71, 72, Bransfield Strait 78 111, 233, 50, 232, 233, 237, convection 57, 77 – 79, 81, 277, 278, 244 – 246 283 Broken Plateau 177 atmospheric 325 - 327 Basin 224, 226 convergence 40, 41, 43, 46 (see also Buys-Ballot's Law 31 Subtropical C., Antarctic C.) 110, 134, 136 Costa Rica Dome 116, 117, 119 Campbell Plateau 66 52 – 53, 108, 109, 110, 121, Canada Basin 85, 88, 92, 93, 95, 97 126 – 129, 138, 140, 149, Canadian Archipelago 84, 98, 99 152 – 153, 299 - 300 232, 240, 247 – 251, Coriolis 303 - 305 force 29 – 30, 39 parameter 31, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42 Current 232, 283, 287 Cromwell C., see Equatorial Underc. Countercurrent 287 in PO Sea 271, 283 - 287 CTD 15 - 17 Carlsberg Ridge 177 Dardanelles 275, 282 Cayman Basin 284, 287 Davidson Current 134 , see Sea 231, 271, 273 291, 293 Deep Water 52, 319, 321, 322 Central Indian Indian 146, 203 - 204 Basin 177 Japan Sea 167 - 168 Ridge 177 Mediterranean 278 - 281 Central Pacific Basin 108 North Atlantic 72, 75, 77, 78, 99ff., Central Water 53, 56 145, 191, 208, 238, 246, 253, 256, Indian 191, 208 – 213, 218, 226, 258, 261, 264, 267, 278, 284, 285, 264, 299 - 300 319, 362 Pacific 144 - 146 Index 385

Denmark Strait 84, 99, 101, 147, 231 in Brazil C. 245, 246 depth of no motion 24 – 26, 44, 47, in East Australian C. 124 – 130, 300 190, 232, 244 - 245 in 288 - 290 divergence 41, 43 (see also Antartic D.) in 242 – 244 Doldrums, (see also Intertropical in Leeuwin C. 197 - 198 Covergence Zone) 3, 12, 13 in Oyashio 124 in AO: 231, 232, 234 in Kuroshio 123 in IO: 177, 179, 181 Ekman in PO: 109, 110, 137 - 139 layer 29, 39 – 41, 43, 186, 248 double-diffusion 307, 309 pumping 40 – 43, 45, 56 - 58 downwelling 40 – 41, 179, 196 transport 40 – 43, 48 – 49, 100, Drake Passage 63, 65, 71, 75, 81, 82, 278, 305 102, 103, 140, 143 in IO: 179, 317 dynamic height 26, 27 in SO: 75, 81 East African Coastal Current, see Zanzibar Emperor Seamounts 122, 123, 125 Current Enderby East Arabian Current 183, 186, 194 Abyssal Plain 64 East Auckland 130 Land 79 36, 46, 50, Equatorial 110, 112, 119, 126 – 130, 300, Current System: 318, 324 E. Counterc. in IO: 179 – 183, 193 East Cape Current 130 E. Intermediate C. in PO: 113, 119 84, 106, 121, 162, e. jet in Indian Ocean 182, 183, 168, 172 - 173 186, 188, 193, 196 meander 121 North E. Countercurrent 89 – 91, 94, in AO: 234, 237 98, 99, 234, 244, 273 in PO: 111, 112, 116, 118 - 119 East Iceland Current 262 North E. Current East Indian in AO: 232, 234, 238, 247, 254, Current 183, 187, 188 267 winter jet 186, 188 in IO: 181 – 183, 186 - 188 East Kamchatka C., see in PO: 110, 116, 117, 121, 124 East Korea Warm Current 164, 165 South E. Countercurrent East 179, 182, in AO: 235, 237 188 - 190 in PO: 113, 120 East Pacific Rise 64, 140 South E. Current 88 in AO: 232, 234, 237, 244, 246 East Wind Drift 70 in IO: 179 – 183, 188, 193 Eastern Indian Ridge, see Ninety East in PO: 110, 111, 113, Ridge 116 – 120, 130 Easterlies, Polar E. Undercurrent 57, 316 SO: 3, 70 in AO: 113, 234 - 238 Arctic Med.: 90 in IO: 185 eddies in PO: 112 – 119, 131 bipole 124 Subsurface Counterc. in PO: 113, planetary 36, 37, 43, 49 – 50, 300, 119 306 - 308 Water shear-generated 91 in IO: 211 in Circumpolar C. 82 in PO: 150 - 154 in Agulhas C. 190, 191, 262, 264, euphotic zone 134, 303 267 Eurasian Basin 85

pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) evaporation, see mass flux gyre , see Malvinas Current subpolar 46, 70 Filchner ice shelf 79 in AO: 232, 234, 244 221, 224 in PO: 112, 121, 124, 125, 136 Florida subtropical 46 Current 238 – 240, 247 in AO: 232, 233, 240, 244, 245, Strait 238, 249 247 Faroe Bank Channel 84, 99, 231 in IO: 179 - 182 84, 88, 98 in PO: 110 – 112, 120 – 123, 125, Franz Joseph Land 98 130, 132, 133, 134, 136 freshwater budget 320 - 322 friction, effect on currents 29 – 30, 36, Eddy 111, 125 39, 43, 114, 131 Sea 226 fronts (see also Subantarctic, halocline 58, 59, 61, 297 Subtropical, heat Polar Front) 57, 301 – 302, balance 303 – 307, in Bay of Bengal 213 shallow sea 290 – 291, 294 - 295 in equatorial PO: 120 geostrophy 30 – 34, 37 flux 11 – 12, 61, 311, 313 – 320, in SO: 63, 75, 82 322 - 324 mass transport, geostr. 31, 32, 43, 48 latent 314 geothermal vents 218 loss Ghana upwelling 250, 252 in Agulhas C. 193 Gibbs Fracture Zone 100, 229 In Gulf Stream 244 Gibraltar Strait 231, 258, 259 in Leeuwin C. 196, 197 Grand Banks, see Newfoundland Bank in SO: 324 127, 197, 201, transport 49, 51, 61, 317, 324 207, 208, 215, 299, 301 in Arctic Med: 97 Great Barrier Reef Undercurrent 116 in SO: 82 Great Whirl, see Hokkaido 124, 160 – 162, 165 greenhouse effect 349, 362 Honshu 121, 124 92 – 94, 98, 100, 319, Hormuz Strait 219, 220 362 Hudson Deep Water 92 - 94 Bay 271, 274 Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge 89, Strait 271 98 – 100, 256, 257, 362 Humboldt C. see Peru/Chile C. Grenada Basin 287 ice Guinea Dome 237, 238, 249, 266, 267 Antarctic 76 – 77 Gulf of Arctic 90 – 91 Carpentaria 157, 173 in Baltic Sea 296, 297 Guinea 237, 251 - 252 in 159 Mexico 271, 283 – 283, 287 - 290 in 274 Oman 176 in 159, 160 Panama 139 Iceland Sea 84, 262, 362 Suez 215, 216 101, 102, 126, Thailand 157, 171, 173 179, 182, 196, 215, 220 – 228, 317, Gulf Stream 11, 13, 36, 45, 46, 50, 318, 321 190, 193, 232, 238 – 243, 254, Intermediate Water 262, 296, 324 Antarctic 52, 72, 74, 77, 78, 81 Extension 234, 238 - 240 in AO: 244, 256, 261 Guyana C. 246, 254, 262, 267, 283 in IO: 207 Index 387

in PO: 103, 147, 149 Levantine Basin 279 formation of 57, 58, 102, 103 Lifamatola Strait 224 – 227 Atlantic (in Baffin Bay) 273 Liman Current 165 Arctic 262 84 Arctic (in Baffin Bay) 273 221, 224 Levantine 278 – 281 Lomonossov Ridge 85, 95 Subarctic 147 287 – 289 Intertropical Convergence Zone Macquarie Ridge 65, 66, 82 (ITCZ) 12, 13 Madagascar Basin 200 in AO: 231, 232, 234, 253, 254 Makarov Basin 85, 95 in IO: 177, 179, 181, 199, 325 Makasar Strait 221, 226, 227 in PO: 12, 13, 109, 110, 137 – 139, Malacca Strait 105, 172, 173, 182, 215 154, 156, 325, 334 Malvinas Current 245, 254, 261, 264 interleaving and intrusions 307, 308 marginal seas (definition) 84 inverse modelling 52 Mariana Ridge 108, 140 290 - 293 Maritime Province Cold C., see 233, 234, 244 Mid-Japan Sea Cold C. Ivory Coast upwelling, see Ghana Marmara Sea 282 upwelling mass flux 320 – 322 Izu Ridge 121 for AO: 253, 319 Japan for IO: 199 Basin 162, 163, 168 for PO: 138 - 139 Sea 157, 162 – 168 for WO: 12 Middle Water 165 mass transport (see also volume transport, Proper Water 167 Ekman layer, geostrophy) 157, 172, 173 30 – 31 Kamchatka Current 111, 112, 125, 158, in Arctic Med. 64, 82 160 in Black Sea 282 85, 88 in Eurafrican Med. 275 Kattegatt 295, 296 meddy 259, 307 Kelvin waves 336 – 338 83 - 84 in AO: 250, 251, 346 American 231, 232, 246, 283 – 290 in IO: 185 Arctic 84 – 99, 229, 231, 234, 255, in PO: 336 – 338, 342 265, 271, 273, 309, 362 Kerguelen Plateau 64, 66, 76 Australasian 102, 103, 106, 126, Kuroshio 11, 13, 46, 50, 110, 112, 138, 172, 173, 174, 176, 196, 208, 121 – 125, 137, 140, 147, 164, 215, 220 - 228 165, 168, 173, 193, 318, 324 Eurafrican 255, 274 - 283 Extension 122, 123, 125 Mediterranean Water Front 121, 125 Australasian 102, 103, 175, 208, Kyushu 121, 168, 169 210 - 211 Labrador Eurafrican 256, 258, 259, 263, Current 234, 244, 254, 262, 269 275 – 277, 280, 282, 283 Sea 100 – 101, 144, 244, 256 – 258, Mendeleyev Ridge 85 262, 265, 271 Mid-Atlantic Ridge 65, 80, 100, 106, Sea Water 257, 258 229, 257 Lancaster Sound 84, 271, 273, 274 Mid-Japan Sea Cold Current 165 La Niña 338 Mindanao Eddy 111, 112, 116, 125 84, 85 mixed layer 54 – 61, 144, 155 – 156, 181, 186, 196 – 198 300

pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) mixing 300, 303, 306 - 309 Northeast Pacific Basin 108, 140, 144 diapycnal 57, 175, 211 Northwest Pacific Basin 108, 140 in Australasian Med. 228 - 229 Northwest Passage 271 – 274 isopycnal 57, 175 Northwest (Australian) Shelf 178 tidal 226, 227 Novaya Semlya 98 Mode Water 77 Norwegian Madeira 266 Current 91, 98, 99, 231, 233, 234, subantarctic 77,78, 324 240 subtropical 264, 265, 266, 318 Sea 84, 88, 92 – 95, 98, 99 13° Water 264 Sea Deep Water 94, 95 18° Water 266 Trench 290, 293 - 295 modelling, numerical 313, 317, 322, Okhotsk, Sea of 160 –165, 167 325, 349, 353, 360 Okinawa Molucca Sea 221, 224, 226 Islands 121, 169 monsoon 5, 8, 177, 317, 325, 327 Trough 168 Northeast or Winter Owen Fracture Zone 177 in IO: 177 – 183, 186 – 188, 193 oxygen in western PO: 109, 110, 111, in AO: 247, 253, 256, 257, 269 Southwest or Summer in American med. 285 in IO: 179, 181 – 183, 186 – 187, in 209 – 211 193 - 195 in Australasian Med. 225 – 227 in western PO: 109, 110, 339, 342 in Baffin Bay 273 Northwest (in Coral Sea) 111, 116, in Baltic Sea 295, 296, 298 119 in Bay of Bengal 211 in Australasian Med. 218, 222 – 224 in Black Sea 281, 282, 283 Mornington Abyssal Plain 64, 108 in Eurafrican med. 278, 279 Mozambique in IO: 202 – 205, 209 – 211 Basin 201 in PO: 141, 143 - 145 Current 179, 180, 188 – 190 in : 216 - 220 Ridge 190 Oyashio 112, 122, 124 – 125, 140, 147 Strait 189, 202, 215 Front 124, 125 Nansen Pacific-Antarctic Basin 85, 94, 95, 98 Basin 64 Ridge 85 Ridge 64, 105 Nares Strait 84, 271 Pacific Subarctic Current 125 Nauru 339, 340, 341, 432 Panama Basin 144 Newfoundland Bank 90, 239 175, 219 - 220 New Guinea Water 203 - 206 Coastal Current 111, 116, 125 Peru Basin 108, 144 Coastal Undercurrent 116 Peru/Chile New Zealand 110, 112, 127, 130, 140, Current 2, 110, 116, 133, 134 146 – 150, 207 Undercurrent 116 Ninety East Ridge 177, 201, 203 Trench 144 234, 239, 240, Philippines 171 262, 265 Current 110 North Brazil C. 237, 246, 264 Trench 23 North Korea Cold Current 165 Polar Atlantic Water 273 110 – 112, 122, Polar Front 46 125 Antarctic 71 – 72, 74, 77, 78, 81, North Polar Sea, see Arctic Med. Sea 307 84, 293 – 295 in AO: 233 Index 389

in IO: 180, 207 across Gulf Stream 356 in PO: 111, 147, 149 across Kuroshio 123 Arctic in Gulf of Mexico 289 - 290 in AO: 233, 254, 262 in IO: 184 – 185, 196 in PO: 111, 125, 140, 149 in PO: 114 152 seamounts 108 polynya 221, 227 Antarctic 77, 79, 91 Shatsky Rise 122, 125 Arctic 91 Shirshov Ridge 157, 158 232 Shpanberg Strait 159 precipitation, see mass flux Sitito-Iozima Ridge 108 pressure, evaluation of 23 Skagerrak 231, 294, 295 pycnocline 32, 61 Slope Water 269 radiation balance, see heat flux Smith Sound 84, 273, 274 rainfall, see mass flux 119 Red Sea 175, 215 – 219 Somali Water 203, 205 – 207, 218, 220 Basin 203 ridge system, interoceanic 205 – 207 Current 181, 186, 193 – 196, 205, rings, see eddies 206 Rio Grande 181, 232, 245 Gap 229 109, 168, 171 – 173 Plateau 229, 245 Southeast Indian Ridge 65, 176 Romanche 26, 64, 65ff., 140, 146, Fracture Zone 106, 229, 256 147 Deep 106, 229 Southern Oscillation 329ff. 71, 76, 140 Index 330 – 333, 338 ice shelf 76 South Indian Ocean C. 181 Rossby waves 35 – 37, 43 – 45, South Java Current 181, 196 336 - 338 South Pacific rotation, influence of 's 3, 29 - 30 Convergence Zone (SPCZ) 109, 110, Sakhalin Island 162 138 – 139, 154, 156, 325, 334 salinity Current 111 sea surface Southwest Indian Ridge 65, 200 for AO: 254 Southwest Monsoon Current 181, 183, for IO: 200 186 for Irish Sea 292 Southwest Pacific Basin 108, 140 for North Sea 294 Soya for PO: 139 Strait 164 for WO: 19 Warm Current 160, 161, 162, 164 sub-surface, for WO: 20, 21 specific volume anomaly 24 salt Spitsbergen 85, 88 budget 320 - 322 Current 95 , 98, 99 fingers 309 Sri Lanka 175, 182, 183, 186, 188 239 – 240, 242, 245, 259, steric height 23 – 26, 27, 31 - 36 265, 269, 284 depth-integrated 44 – 45, 46, 47 Sawu Sea 221, 226 in eastern IO: 196 – 197 Scotia stream function 45 – 46, 48 Ridge 65, 75, 140 subduction 55 – 57 Sea 78, 140 of Central Water 56, 57, 61, 265, 268 sea level 350, 353 – 357, 360 of Intermediate Water 57

pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) Subantarctic thermal wind relation 34, 91, 114, 140, Front 71, 72, 81 259 in AO: 233 thermocline in IO: 180 depth in PO 114 in PO: 111 permanent or oceanic (see also Central Zone 71, 76, 77, 81 Water) 32 – 36, 43, 55 – 57, 63 Subtropical seasonal 54, 56, 59 – 61, 295 Convergence (STC) 56, 57, 64, tropical 54, 58 71 – 73, 299 Timor 221, 226 in AO: 262 – 265 Sea 173, in IO: 51, 188 Trough 174 in PO: 150, 154, 299 TOGA 339, 344, 345, 363 Countercurrents in PO: 111, Tokara Strait 121, 123 120 - 121 Trade Winds (Trades) 3, 8, 11, 12, 40, Front 64, 71 – 73, 76, 81 41, 46, 48, 49 in AO: 233 in AO: 231, 232, 234, 238, 247, in IO: 180, 181 248, 347 in PO: 111, 134 in IO: 177 – 179 Sulawesi Sea 221, 222, 223 in PO: 109, 114, 117, 131, 335, 339, 221 343 Sunda Shelf 171, 173, 174 Tropical Front in PO: 130 Surface Water TS-diagram 52, 53, 56, 57, 61 Antarctic 77 in Arctic Med.: 97 Arctic 92, 95, 97 – 99, 273 in SO: 77 – 78 Svalbard 85, 93 Tsugaru Sverdrup circulation 43ff., Strait 124, 164 in WO: 45 – 48, 51, 61 Warm Current 124, 164 in AO: 232 – 234 Tsushima in IO:179 – 182 Current 121, 162, 164, 165, 167, in PO: 110 – 112 169, 170 Taiwan 121, 168 Strait 168 Strait 168, 169, 171 – 173 turbulence 300, 307, 308 Warm C. 169, 170 Upper Water Tasman Subantarctic 77, 78, 151, 154 Current 112 Subarctic 149, 152, 154 Front 126, 127, 129 upwelling Sea 84, 108, 127, 128, 130, 137, coastal 120, 131ff., 179, 312 140, 149, 157, 299ff. in Arabian Sea 186 – 187, 193ff. Tasmania 64, 82, 112, 147, 150 in AO: 247 – 252, 254, 303 – 306, Tatarskyi Strait 162 315, 346 temperature in IO: 179, 186ff., 191ff., 196, 317 equilibrium 311, 312, 316 in Java Sea 179, 196 sea surface 311, 312, 314, 325, 350ff. in PO: 123, 315, 329, 332 – 336, for AO: 254, 346 – 347 338 for IO: 200 dynamic (in Agulhas C.) 190, 191 for Irish Sea 262 equatorial 118, 120, 179, 235, 316 for North Sea 265 in Eurafrican Med. 278, 282 for PO: 118, 124, 139 – 140, 333, in SO: 72, 74 334, 340ff. Venezuela Basin 287 for WO: 19 Vietnam 168, 171, 172 sub-surface, for WO: 20, 21, 63, 309 volume transport 31 Index 391

Walvis Ridge 229, 255, 256, 259, 262 84 warm pool (in western PO) 139, 200 wind, at sea surface 4 – 5 water mass 51ff. over Arctic Med. 86 – 87 water type 52, 53 wind stress 2, 8, 10 – 11, 39ff., 46, 48 waves (wind -) over SO: 67 – 68 in 193 over WO: 8 – 10 in North Sea 293 curl 40 – 42 in SO: 70 over AO: 231, 232, 265 in WO: 70 over IO: 179, 186 Weddell over PO: 122, 125 Abyssal Plain 64 over SO: 67, 69, 71 Gyre Boundary, see Continental Water over WO: 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 56 Boundary WOCE 17, 18, 45, 82, 363 Sea 65, 76, 77, 79 – 80, 140 Yamato Sea Deep Water 79 Basin 163, 168 westward intensification 36, 43, 238 Ridge 162 Westerlies (West Wind Drift) 3, 8, 11, Yangtze River 1678, 169, 170 40, 41, 46, 48 Yellow Sea 168 – 170 in AO: 231, 232, 253, 254 Warm C. 168, 169 in Arctic Med. 90, 100 Yucatan in IO: 179 Basin 284, 287 in PO: 109, 137 Strait 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289 in SO: 73, 75 Zanzibar C. 180, 193 – 194, 207 West Greenland C. 234, 254, 271 West Spitzbergen Current 95, 98, 99 13° Water, see Mode Water Wharton Basin 175, 201 18° Water, see Mode Water

pdf version 1.0 (December 2001)