DOCSLIB.ORG

The Following Abbreviations Are Used in This Index: WO = World Ocean, AO = Atlantic Ocean, IO = Indian Ocean, PO = Pacific Ocean, Med = Mediterranean, C = Current

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Following Abbreviations Are Used in This Index: WO = World Ocean, AO = Atlantic Ocean, IO = Indian Ocean, PO = Pacific Ocean, Med = Mediterranean, C = Current INDEX The following abbreviations are used in this index: WO = World Ocean, AO = Atlantic Ocean, IO = Indian Ocean, PO = Pacific Ocean, Med = Mediterranean, C = Current. Adélie coast 79,80 Arguin Bank 303 - 305 Adriatic Sea 275, 278 Aru Basin 174 Agulhas Asian High 109 Bank 190, 191 Atlantic-Indian Basin 64 Current 179, 180, 190 – 193, 206, Atlantic Water 207, 211, 254,262, 264, 267, 318 in Arctic Med. 92 - 98 retroflection 189, 191 - 192 in Eurafrican Med. 272 - 280 Plateau 191 Australian-Antarctic air pressure at sea level 3 Basin 64, 108 over WO: 5 - 7, Discordance 201 over SO: 66 Aves Ridge 87 over Arctic 112, 125 Azores Alaskan Stream 112, 125, 158 - 160 Current 50, 231 – 233, 238, 240, Aleutian 247 Islands 125, 157 – 158, 160 High 231 Low 109 Azov, Sea of 282 Algerian Current 276 - 277 Bab el Mandeb 215, 218, 220 Almeria-Oran Front 276 - 277 Baffin Alpha Ridge 85 Bay 98, 231, 271 - 274 Amery ice shelf 76 Current 271 Amundsen Baltic Sea 231, 290, 294 – 298 Abyssal Plain 64, 108 Banda Sea 221, 224, 227 Basin 85, 97 Water, see Med.Water, Australasian Anadyr Current 159 Barents Sea 88, 93, 98 Andaman Sea 199 – 200, 215 barrier layer 57 - 61 Angola in AO: 267 - 268 Current 237 - 238 in IO: 212 - 213 Dome 237 in PO: 154 - 156 Angola-Benguela Front 233, 237 Barrow Strait 271 Antarctic Bass Strait 299 – 302, 304 Convergence (see also Polar Front) Bay of Bengal 61, 175, 186 – 187, 71, 74, 77, 81 196, 200, 204, 206, 211 – 212, 215 Divergence 71, 74 - 78, 81, 257 Water 211 - 212 Zone 71 – 72, 77, 78 Beaufort Sea 84 Antilles C. 231, 238, 246, 247 Bellinghausen Abyssal Plain 64 Arabian Basin 177 Belt Sea 295 - 298 Sea 175, 186 – 188, 199, 200, 204, Benguela Current 234, 237, 247 - 248, 212, 215, 219 305 Arafura Sea 106, 174 Bering Arctic Slope Current 185 Ocean, see mediterranean seas Strait 84, 88, 90, 97 – 98, 140, 144, Mid-Ocean Ridge 85 157 - 159 Argentine Basin 230 Sea 125, 157 – 162, 167 pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) bipole, see eddies North Atlantic 251, 265 – 267, 269, Black Sea 272, 274 – 275, 281 – 283, 303 295 , 296 South Atlantic 150, 208, 249 – 251, Bohai Gulf 168, 169 263 – 267, 299, 303 Bosphorus Strait 282 - 283 Western South Pacific 52, Bottom Water 150 – 153, 208, 263, 299 - 301 Antarctic 53, 77 – 80, 140 – 141, Eastern South Pacific 150 146, 200 – 201, 203, 255 – 256, Western North Pacific 150 - 151 259 Eastern North Pacific 150, 152 Arctic 93 – 95, 99 – 101, 256 – 258, Chagos-Laccadive Ridge 177 263 Chatham Rise 130, 140, 149 Baffin Bay 273 Chile (see also Peru/Chile ...) Japan Sea 168 Basin 108 Yellow Sea 169 Rise 64, 140 boundary currents China Coastal Current 169 western 41, 43, 45 – 46, 50, 57, Chukchi Sea 84, 88, 93, 157 121 ff., 140, 146, 147, 163 – 165, Circumpolar 182, 188 ff., 199, 200 ff., 238ff., Current 64 – 66, 70, 78 – 82, 101, 269, 286 ff., 306, 318 - 319 102, 110, 140, 200, 203, 245, 246, eastern 131 ff., 139, 154, 158, 255 195 ff., 247 ff. Water 71, 78, 80, 103, 200, 261 Boussole Strait 162 Columbia Basin 284, 287 Bowers Ridge 157, 158 Continental Water Boundary 71, 72, Bransfield Strait 78 111, 233, Brazil Current 50, 232, 233, 237, convection 57, 77 – 79, 81, 277, 278, 244 – 246 283 Broken Plateau 177 atmospheric 325 - 327 Buru Basin 224, 226 convergence 40, 41, 43, 46 (see also Buys-Ballot's Law 31 Subtropical C., Antarctic C.) California Current 110, 134, 136 Costa Rica Dome 116, 117, 119 Campbell Plateau 66 Coral Sea 52 – 53, 108, 109, 110, 121, Canada Basin 85, 88, 92, 93, 95, 97 126 – 129, 138, 140, 149, Canadian Archipelago 84, 98, 99 152 – 153, 299 - 300 Canary Current 232, 240, 247 – 251, Coriolis 303 - 305 force 29 – 30, 39 Caribbean parameter 31, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42 Current 232, 283, 287 Cromwell C., see Equatorial Underc. Countercurrent 287 in PO Sea 271, 283 - 287 CTD 15 - 17 Carlsberg Ridge 177 Dardanelles 275, 282 Cayman Basin 284, 287 Davidson Current 134 Celebes Sea, see Sulawesi Sea Davis Strait 231, 271, 273 Celtic Sea 291, 293 Deep Water 52, 319, 321, 322 Central Indian Indian 146, 203 - 204 Basin 177 Japan Sea 167 - 168 Ridge 177 Mediterranean 278 - 281 Central Pacific Basin 108 North Atlantic 72, 75, 77, 78, 99ff., Central Water 53, 56 145, 191, 208, 238, 246, 253, 256, Indian 191, 208 – 213, 218, 226, 258, 261, 264, 267, 278, 284, 285, 264, 299 - 300 319, 362 Pacific 144 - 146 Index 385 Denmark Strait 84, 99, 101, 147, 231 in Brazil C. 245, 246 depth of no motion 24 – 26, 44, 47, in East Australian C. 124 – 130, 300 190, 232, 244 - 245 in Gulf of Mexico 288 - 290 divergence 41, 43 (see also Antartic D.) in Gulf Stream 242 – 244 Doldrums, (see also Intertropical in Leeuwin C. 197 - 198 Covergence Zone) 3, 12, 13 in Oyashio 124 in AO: 231, 232, 234 in Kuroshio 123 in IO: 177, 179, 181 Ekman in PO: 109, 110, 137 - 139 layer 29, 39 – 41, 43, 186, 248 double-diffusion 307, 309 pumping 40 – 43, 45, 56 - 58 downwelling 40 – 41, 179, 196 transport 40 – 43, 48 – 49, 100, Drake Passage 63, 65, 71, 75, 81, 82, 278, 305 102, 103, 140, 143 in IO: 179, 317 dynamic height 26, 27 in SO: 75, 81 East African Coastal Current, see Zanzibar Emperor Seamounts 122, 123, 125 Current Enderby East Arabian Current 183, 186, 194 Abyssal Plain 64 East Auckland 130 Land 79 East Australian Current 36, 46, 50, Equatorial 110, 112, 119, 126 – 130, 300, Current System: 318, 324 E. Counterc. in IO: 179 – 183, 193 East Cape Current 130 E. Intermediate C. in PO: 113, 119 East China Sea 84, 106, 121, 162, e. jet in Indian Ocean 182, 183, 168, 172 - 173 186, 188, 193, 196 meander 121 North E. Countercurrent East Greenland Current 89 – 91, 94, in AO: 234, 237 98, 99, 234, 244, 273 in PO: 111, 112, 116, 118 - 119 East Iceland Current 262 North E. Current East Indian in AO: 232, 234, 238, 247, 254, Current 183, 187, 188 267 winter jet 186, 188 in IO: 181 – 183, 186 - 188 East Kamchatka C., see Kamchatka Current in PO: 110, 116, 117, 121, 124 East Korea Warm Current 164, 165 South E. Countercurrent East Madagascar Current 179, 182, in AO: 235, 237 188 - 190 in PO: 113, 120 East Pacific Rise 64, 140 South E. Current East Siberian Sea 88 in AO: 232, 234, 237, 244, 246 East Wind Drift 70 in IO: 179 – 183, 188, 193 Eastern Indian Ridge, see Ninety East in PO: 110, 111, 113, Ridge 116 – 120, 130 Easterlies, Polar E. Undercurrent 57, 316 SO: 3, 70 in AO: 113, 234 - 238 Arctic Med.: 90 in IO: 185 eddies in PO: 112 – 119, 131 bipole 124 Subsurface Counterc. in PO: 113, planetary 36, 37, 43, 49 – 50, 300, 119 306 - 308 Water shear-generated 91 in IO: 211 in Circumpolar C. 82 in PO: 150 - 154 in Agulhas C. 190, 191, 262, 264, euphotic zone 134, 303 267 Eurasian Basin 85 pdf version 1.0 (December 2001) evaporation, see mass flux gyre Falkland Current, see Malvinas Current subpolar 46, 70 Filchner ice shelf 79 in AO: 232, 234, 244 Flores Sea 221, 224 in PO: 112, 121, 124, 125, 136 Florida subtropical 46 Current 238 – 240, 247 in AO: 232, 233, 240, 244, 245, Strait 238, 249 247 Faroe Bank Channel 84, 99, 231 in IO: 179 - 182 Fram Strait 84, 88, 98 in PO: 110 – 112, 120 – 123, 125, Franz Joseph Land 98 130, 132, 133, 134, 136 freshwater budget 320 - 322 Halmahera friction, effect on currents 29 – 30, 36, Eddy 111, 125 39, 43, 114, 131 Sea 226 fronts (see also Subantarctic, halocline 58, 59, 61, 297 Subtropical, heat Polar Front) 57, 301 – 302, balance 303 – 307, in Bay of Bengal 213 shallow sea 290 – 291, 294 - 295 in equatorial PO: 120 geostrophy 30 – 34, 37 flux 11 – 12, 61, 311, 313 – 320, in SO: 63, 75, 82 322 - 324 mass transport, geostr. 31, 32, 43, 48 latent 314 geothermal vents 218 loss Ghana upwelling 250, 252 in Agulhas C. 193 Gibbs Fracture Zone 100, 229 In Gulf Stream 244 Gibraltar Strait 231, 258, 259 in Leeuwin C. 196, 197 Grand Banks, see Newfoundland Bank in SO: 324 Great Australian Bight 127, 197, 201, transport 49, 51, 61, 317, 324 207, 208, 215, 299, 301 in Arctic Med: 97 Great Barrier Reef Undercurrent 116 in SO: 82 Great Whirl, see Somali Current Hokkaido 124, 160 – 162, 165 greenhouse effect 349, 362 Honshu 121, 124 Greenland Sea 92 – 94, 98, 100, 319, Hormuz Strait 219, 220 362 Hudson Deep Water 92 - 94 Bay 271, 274 Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge 89, Strait 271 98 – 100, 256, 257, 362 Humboldt C. see Peru/Chile C. Grenada Basin 287 ice Guinea Dome 237, 238, 249, 266, 267 Antarctic 76 – 77 Gulf of Arctic 90 – 91 Carpentaria 157, 173 in Baltic Sea 296, 297 Guinea 237, 251 - 252 in Bering Sea 159 Mexico 271, 283 – 283, 287 - 290 in Hudson Bay 274 Oman 176 in Sea of Okhotsk 159, 160 Panama 139 Iceland Sea 84, 262, 362 Suez 215, 216 Indonesian throughflow 101, 102, 126, Thailand 157, 171, 173 179, 182, 196, 215, 220 – 228, 317, Gulf Stream 11, 13, 36, 45, 46, 50, 318, 321 190, 193, 232, 238 – 243, 254, Intermediate Water 262, 296, 324 Antarctic 52, 72, 74, 77, 78, 81 Extension 234, 238 - 240 in AO: 244, 256, 261 Guyana C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ulleung Eddy Owes Its Existence to Β and Nonlinearities
    The Ulleung eddy owes its existence to β and nonlinearities ∗ Wilton Z. Arruda a,1, Doron Nof a, ,2, James J. O’Brien b aDepartment of Oceanography 4320, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA bCenter for Ocean Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2840, USA Abstract A nonlinear theory for the generation of the Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE) is pro- posed. Using the nonlinear reduced gravity (shallow water) equations, it is shown analytically that the eddy is established in order to balance the northward momen- tum flux exerted by the separating western boundary current. In this scenario the presence of β produces a southward (eddy) force balancing the northward momen- tum flux imparted by the separating East Korean Warm Current. 1/6 The solution is derived using an expansion in powers of (here = βRd/f0 where Rd is the Rossby radius based on the undisturbed upper layer thickness H). It is found that, for a high Rossby number western boundary current (i.e., highly 1/6 nonlinear current) the eddy radius is roughly 2Rd/ implying that the UWE has a scale larger than that of most eddies (Rd). This solution shows that, in contrast to the familiar idea attributing the formation of eddies to instabilities (i.e., the breakdown of a known steady solution), the UWE is an integral part of the steady stable solution. A reduced gravity numerical model is used to further analyze the relationship between β, nonlinearity and the eddy formation. First, we show that high Rossby number western boundary current which is forced to separate from the wall on an f-plane does not produce an eddy near the separation.
    [Show full text]
  • British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819
    BRITISH STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA 1786-1819 Samuel Wee Tien Wang B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Samuel Wee Tien Wang 1992 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: Samuel Wee DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819 EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: J. I. Little ~dhardIngram, Professor Ian Dyck, Associate ~hfessor Chdrles Fedorak - (Examiner) DATE: 15 December 1992 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE 1 hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca Author: (signature) Samuel Wee (name) (date) ABSTRACT It has almost become a common-place assumption that the 1819 founding of Singapore at the southern tip of the strategically located Straits of Malacca represented for the English East India Company a desire to strengthen trade with China; that it was part of an optimistic and confident swing to the east which had as its goal, the lucrative tea trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Dating of Neogene Igneous Rocks in the Halmahera Region: Arc Initiation and Development
    Dating of Neogene igneous rocks in the Halmahera region: arc initiation and development SIMON BAKER & JEFFREY MALAIHOLLO SE Asia Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK Abstract: Potassium-argon ages of Neogene to Recent igneous rocks from the Halmahera region record a history of intra-oceanic arc development since the late Middle Miocene following an earlier phase of collisional plutonism. Arc formation from the Middle Miocene onwards was due to the east-directed subduction of the Molucca Sea plate beneath the Philippine Sea plate as it arrived at the Eurasian margin. The distribution of ages within the Neogene arc indicates a northward migration of volcanic activity during the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Results of the dating work show that after collision with the Australian margin at c. 22 Ma there was a period of volcanic quiescence and limestone deposition before a new arc formed. This arc began erupting at around 11 Ma on Obi as a result of subduction of the Molucca Sea plate. Initiation of subduction is thought to have occurred around 15-17 Ma and may have been responsible for disturbing potassium-argon ages of pre-Neogene rocks. Dates from fresh rocks show that the volcanic front migrated northwards through Bacan and Halmahera throughout the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene. Limestone deposition was curtailed as arc activity migrated north while volcanism died out from the south. No Neogene volcanism younger than 8 Ma is observed in the Obi area while on Bacan subduction-related volcanism ceased at c. 2 Ma. Late Pliocene crustal deformation caused a 30-40 km westward shift of the volcanic front.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebes Sea by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO
    An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Celebes Sea by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO Celebes Sea Overview The Celebes Sea is located in the western Pacific Ocean north of the Indonesian Island of Celebes and south of the Sulu Sea and the Philippines (Figure 1). It is a deep-water sea, roughly circular with several exits to the Sulu Sea (to the north), the Makassar Strait (to the south), and the Phillipine and Molucca Seas (to the east). Figure 1. Bathymetry of the Celebes Sea. [Smith and Sandwell, 1997] Observations Like the Sulu Sea to the north, the Celebes Sea has a depth of over 4000 meters. It is surrounded by a shallow water regime along the edges of the adjacent landmasses and islands. The water depth in the northern region changes rapidly, from over 4000 m in Sulu Sea to approximately 100 m in the area across the Sulu Archipelago, returning to over 4000 m in the Celebes Sea. These bathymetric changes take place over approximately 150-km of horizontal distance. A similar situation takes place at the eastern end among the Kepulauan Sangi Islands. Both of these areas appear to be the sources of the internal waves observed in the Celebes Sea. There has been very little scientific research on the internal waves in the Celebes Sea. Satellite imagery indicates the internal waves are similar in character to those observed in the Sulu Sea. Internal waves are expected to occur all year round in the Celebes Sea, similar to other regions of the tropical Pacific (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Plate Boundary Evolution in the Halmahera Region, Indonesia
    ~ectono~h~s~c~, 144 (1987) 337-352 337 EIsevier Science Publishers B.Y., Amsterd~ - Printed in The Netberiands Plate boundary evolution in the Halmahera region, Indonesia ROBERT HALL (Received December 1.1986; revised version accepted March 10,1987) Abstract Hall, R., 1987. Plate boundaryevolution in the Halmahera region, Indonesia. ~e~~~no~~.y~jcs,144: 337-352, H&mahera is situated in eastern Indonesia at the southwest comer of the Philippine Sea PIate. Active arc-arc collision is in process in the Molucca Sea to the west of Halmahera. New stratigraphic observations from Halmahera link this island and the east P~Iippin~ and record the history of subduction of the Molucca Sea lithosphere. The HaImahera Basement Complex and the basement of east Mindanao were part of an arc and forearc of Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary age and have formed part of a single plate since the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene. There is no evidence that HaImabera formed part of an Oligo-Miocene arc but arc volcanism, associated with eastwards subduction of the Molucca Sea beneath Halmahera, began in the Pliocene and the Pliocene arc is built on a basement of the early Tertiary arc. Arc volcanism ceased briefIy during the Pleistocene and the arc shifted westwards after an episode of deformation. The present active arc is built upon deformed rocks of the Ptiocene arc. The combination of new strati~ap~c info~ation from the genera islands and models of the present-day tectonic structure of the region deduced from seismic and other geophysicat studies is used to constrain the tectonic evolution of the region since the Miocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10 Adjacent Seas of the Pacific Ocean Although The
    Chapter 10 Adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean Although the adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean do not impact much on the hydrography of the oceanic basins, they cover a substantial part of its area and deserve separate discussion. All are located along the western rim of the Pacific Ocean. From the point of view of the global oceanic circulation, the most important adjacent sea is the region on either side of the equator between the islands of the Indonesian archipelago. This region is the only mediterranean sea of the Pacific Ocean and is called the Australasian Mediterranean Sea. Its influence on the hydrography of the world ocean is far greater in the Indian than in the Pacific Ocean, and a detailed discussion of this important sea is therefore postponed to Chapter 13. The remaining adjacent seas can be grouped into deep basins with and without large shelf areas, and shallow seas that form part of the continental shelf. The Japan, Coral and Tasman Seas are deep basins without large shelf areas. The circulation and hydrography of the Coral and Tasman Seas are closely related to the situation in the western South Pacific Ocean and were already covered in the last two chapters; so only the Japan Sea will be discussed here. The Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the South China Sea are also deep basins but include large shelf areas as well. The East China Sea and Yellow Sea are shallow, forming part of the continental shelf of Asia. Other continental shelf seas belonging to the Pacific Ocean are the Gulf of Thailand and the Java Sea in South-East Asia and the Timor and Arafura Seas with the Gulf of Carpentaria on the Australian shelf.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, Leg 124, Sites 767 and 7681
    Silver, E. A., Rangin, C., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1991 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 124 30. SUBSIDENCE AND SEDIMENTATION ANALYSIS OF MARGINAL BASINS: CELEBES SEA AND SULU SEA, LEG 124, SITES 767 AND 7681 Zehui Huang,2 Felix M. Gradstein,2 and Keith E. Louden3 ABSTRACT Based on the chronostratigraphy and porosity of the sediments recovered from ODP Sites 767 and 768 drilled in the Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea, respectively, we examine the decompacted sedimentation and basement subsidence rates using a quantitative method. The results of this study help us to recognize several important tectonic events in these two marginal basins which improve understanding of the regional tectonic development. Among the recognized events are: (1) a pronounced increase in decompacted sedimentation rate in the Celebes Sea at 23.4 Ma, indicating basin transformation from a larger, more open oceanic setting to a marginal basin; (2) an increased basement subsidence rate in both basins between 10.8 and 8.9 Ma associated with the initiation of the Sulu Trough and the Sulawesi Trough; (3) appearance of a decompacted sedimentation rate peak between 10.0 and 8.9 Ma in both basins, indicating the combined effect of tectonic uplift in the source area and a sea-level drop; (4) uplift of the basement since 2.0 Ma, first in the Celebes Sea and then in the Sulu Sea, probably occurring as the result of collision events. INTRODUCTION strike-slip fault system that cuts through Sulawesi, which is a Neogene volcanic arc. The Molucca Sea collision zone, which is The Sulu and Celebes Seas are two small marginal basins in nearing completion and features incipient thrusting on its west- the west Pacific region, a complicated geotectonic region ern boundary, lies to the southeast of the Celebes Sea (Hamilton, marked by dynamic arc-arc and arc-continent collision zones, 1977; Moore and Silver, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonic Controls on the Distribution of Large Copper and Gold Deposits in Southeast Asia to Identify Productive and Non-Productive Structures
    Tectonic controls on the distribution of large copper and gold deposits in Southeast Asia to identify productive and non-productive structures Bert De Waele, Peter Williams, Gavin Chan SRK Consulting, 10, Richardson Street, West Perth, WA6005, Western Australia Abstract. Ore deposits occur in a wide range of tectonic the east, however, on Sumbawa, several porphyry settings, and are highly variable in their local systems are known, of which the largest is the 5 Million characteristics. In this paper, we focus on the distribution year-old Batu Hijau deposit. Tectonics in that region, of copper and gold deposits in the Southeast Asia region, east of longitude 115°E, consists of the consumption of and investigate large-scale plate-tectonic controls on the the IP below the remnants of the Molucca Sea Plate distribution and characteristics of these porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits. We then discuss the (MSP), i.e intra-oceanic subduction and the formation of applicability of these results to exploration in older island arcs. geological terranes, and suggest clues to distinguishing In Northern Indonesia, dextral escape tectonics productive from non-productive geological structures. related to India-Asia collision resulted in the southward subduction of the proto-South China Sea Plate (PSCSP) Keywords: Porphyry Copper-Gold, Tectonics below Borneo. This subduction ceased at about 24 Ma, with continent-continent collision and accretion of the 1 Tectonics and mineralisation in SE Asia sedimentary prism to northern Borneo. The cessation of subduction changed motion of the PSP, and collision of Southeast Asia is a collage of ophiolitic, island and the AP with the Sunda Arc resulted in counter clockwise oceanic arc terranes that formed as part of a complex rotation of Borneo.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources in Southeast Asia
    Water Resources Locator Map 180° 120°W 30°W 30°E 90°E 150°E N ^ ep Bhutan KA al ^ THMA THIMPHU NDU S a 60°N 60°N in Southeast Asia a utr l map w rah e X B e i n J Taipei anges ia China Red Mangroves G n g BANGLADESH Taiwan ^DHAKA Red mangroves grow along the shore of Thailand’s Lipe Island, T'ainan one of many offshore islands included in the country’s Tarutao Chittagong Kaoshsiung Orissa Coµast VIETNAM Hong Kong Marine National Park, off the western coast in the Canal Macau Mouths of the MYANMAR HANOI Strait of Malacca. Mangroves are an essential part ^ 60°S 60°S Ganges µ I of the marine ecology in many tropical areas of r LAOS Haiphong r Kendrapara a w the world, providing estuaries for wildlife nesting and feeding. Canal a Gulf of 180° 120°W 30°W 30°E 90°E 150°E d Luzon Strait d VIENTIA Tonkin Bay of Bengal y NE C ^ h a Lingayen RANGOON o M Luzon µ^ P e Gulf Twante Canal h k Da Nang ra o y THAILAND n a g Mouths of the Quezon City Polillo Irrawaddy Gulf of ^ Islands MANILA Martaban ^BANGKOK PHILIPPINE CAMBODIA P H I L I P P I N E S Andaman SOUTH Albay Gulf SEA Mindoro S PHNOM a Islands CHINA SEA m Asid Mergui PENH Gu a SIMAR SEA lf r Archipelago ^ ay Gulf of an PACIFIC n P s Thailand a o ol OCEAN µµ r oh Kinh Cai San w Panay g B Xom Kinh la e a ANDAMAN µµ a Gulf N e Lianga Bay Mouths of the Mekong P o S SEA Kinh Song Trem Mind ana Mindanao S Kinh Ca Maudi Bac Lieu SULU SEA Nikobar t Palau ra Davao Islands it Pujada Bay o Moro f o Gulf M BRUNEI g Davao a la la BANDAR SERI BENGAWAN e c Gulf c ip a MALAYSIA ^ rch ulu A EA Medan S S KUALA
    [Show full text]
  • The Indonesian Throughflow in OCCAM
    Ocean Sci. Discuss., 4, 325–370, 2007 Ocean Science www.ocean-sci-discuss.net/4/325/2007/ Discussions OSD © Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed 4, 325–370, 2007 under a Creative Commons License. Papers published in Ocean Science Discussions are under The Indonesian open-access review for the journal Ocean Science throughflow in OCCAM U. W. Humphries and D. J. Webb Title Page On the Indonesian throughflow in the Abstract Introduction OCCAM 1/4 degree ocean model Conclusions References Tables Figures U. W. Humphries1 and D. J. Webb2 1 King Monghut’s Institute of Technology, Thailand J I 2National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK J I Received: 5 March 2007 – Accepted: 16 March 2007 – Published: 21 March 2007 Back Close Correspondence to: D. J.Webb ([email protected]) Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 325 EGU Abstract OSD The Indonesian Throughflow is analysed in two runs of the OCCAM 1/4 degree global ocean model, one using monthly climatological winds and one using ECMWF analysed 4, 325–370, 2007 six-hourly winds for the period 1993 to 1998. The long-term model throughflow agrees 5 with observations and the value predicted by Godfrey’s Island Rule. The Island Rule The Indonesian has some skill in predicting the annual signal each year but is poor at predicting year throughflow in to year and shorter term variations in the total flow especially in El Nino years. OCCAM The spectra of transports in individual passages show significant differences be- tween those connecting the region to the Pacific Ocean and those connecting with U.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY FORUM Pacific Environmental Security Forum Proposal for 2020
    2020 SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY FORUM Pacific Environmental Security Forum Proposal for 2020 CDR LAZARO ERNESTO VALDEZ JR PCG J.D LLM Chief of Staff, National Coast Watch Center Office of the President, Republic of the Philippines 17 Seas Andaman Sea Arafura Sea TOTAL SEA Balabac Strait SURFACE AREA: Banda Sea Celebes Sea Flores Sea Gulf of Tonkin COMBINED Gulf of Thailand COASTAL LENGTH: Java Sea Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea Philippine Sea SUPPORTS South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea Visayan Sea 17 Seas SEA Maritime Domain Andaman Sea is recognized as: the FAUNISTIC CENTRE Arafura Sea of the entire Indo-Pacific Balabac Strait Banda Sea a GLOBAL MARINE Celebes Sea BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT Flores Sea Gulf of Tonkin GLOBAL HOTSPOT Gulf of Thailand Java Sea for coral reefs Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea 80% of the world’s 50% of seagrass Philippine Sea hard corals species South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea 60% of mangrove species Visayan Sea 17 Seas very rich and important Andaman Sea INCOME SOURCE and RESOURCE FOR SEAFOOD Arafura Sea e.g. South China Sea Balabac Strait Banda Sea Celebes Sea over 3 million people <> 300 million people Flores Sea per day rely on fishing for their main dependent on the SCS for nutrition income sources and socioeconomic well-being Gulf of Tonkin Gulf of Thailand Java Sea Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea Philippine Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea Visayan Sea mid-1960S RAPID ECONOMIC FAST-EXPANDING GROWTH POPULATION Major CAUSES of Marine Environmental Degradation HUMAN ACTIVITIES/ NATURAL PHENOMENON ANTHROPOGENIC 1 PRESSURES 2 CLIMATE 3 CHANGE “MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA” Environmental Activism Marine Environmental Concerns in SEA Marine Environmental Activism in SEA Future of Marine Environmental Activism in SEA THANK YOU AND MABUHAY!!!.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 Adjacent Seas of the Indian Ocean and the Australasian
    Chapter 13 Adjacent seas of the Indian Ocean and the Australasian Mediterranean Sea (the Indonesian throughflow) Being the smallest of all oceans, the Indian Ocean does not have the large number of distinct subregions found in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Regions known under their own names include the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea already discussed in the previous chapter, the Mozambique Strait (mentioned in the discussion of the western boundary currents), and the Great Australian Bight, clearly the least researched part of the Indian Ocean. Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea form the transition region between the Bay of Bengal and the adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia. The only regional seas that have some impact on the hydrography of the Indian Ocean and therefore require separate discussion are the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Since that discussion will not provide sufficient material for a full-length chapter, we include here the description of the Australasian Mediterranean Sea and what is often known as the Indonesian throughflow, i.e. the exchange of water between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Australasian Mediterranean Sea is of course a regional sea of the Pacific Ocean; but its impact on the Indian Ocean is much bigger than its influence on Pacific hydrography, and its inclusion in this chapter is justified on that ground alone. The Red Sea The Red Sea can be considered the prototype of a concentration basin. It is a deep mediterranean sea with a relatively shallow sill in a region where evaporation vastly exceeds precipitation (evaporation 200 cm per year, rainfall 7 cm per year, giving a net annual water loss of nearly 2 m).
    [Show full text]