Elbe Landwehr Cavalry 134 Contents Elbe Landwehr Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 136 Contents 3 Chapter 15: Westphalian Landwehr 137 Maps 3 Westphalian Landwehr Infantry 138 Orders of Battle 3 Westphalian Landwehr Freiwilliger Jäger 142 Tables 3 Westphalian Landwehr Cavalry 145 Westphalian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 148 Preface 4 Chapter 16: Posen Landwehr 149 Acknowledgements 4 Posen Landwehr Infantry 149 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 17: Rhineland Landwehr 149 Military Reorganisation Commission (1807-09) 8 Rhineland Landwehr Infantry 149 Bürgergarde (Civil Guard) 9 Rhineland Landwehr Cavalry 151 Chapter 2: Volkskreig and the Landsturm 11 Chapter 18: Saxon Landwehr 153 Chapter 3: Creation of the Landwehr 13 Saxon Landwehr Infantry 153 Landwehr Infantry 20 Saxon Landwehr Cavalry 153 Landwehr Cavalry 22 Chapter 19: Short Biographies 154 Chapter 4: Landwehr Uniforms 24 Soldiers 154 Landwehr Infantry Uniforms 24 Politicians and Patriots 159 Muskets 39 Bibliography 161 Sidearms 42 Equipment 43 Index 163 Landwehr Infantry Flags 46 Landwehr Cavalry Uniform 47 Maps Chapter 5: Freiwilliger Jäger 51 Map 1: Prussia 1786-1806. 5 Regulation Freiwilliger Jäger Uniform 53 Map 2: Loss of Prussian territort in 1807. 6 Map 3: Prussia 1807-1815 7 Chapter 6: East Prussian Landwehr 54 Map 4: Prussia 1815-1861 127 East Prussian Landwehr Infantry 56 East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry 64 East Prussian Landwehr Infantry Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Orders of Battle East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 68 OOB 1: Prussian forces at Hagelberg (27 Aug 1813) 75 OOB 2: Silesian Landwehr, 1 May 1813 103 Chapter 7: West Prussian Landwehr 69 West Prussian Landwehr Infantry 70 West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry 72 Tables West Prussian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 73 Table 1: Military Governments of 15 March 1813 15 Table 2: Prussian Landwehr on 10 August 1813 19 Chapter 8: Kurmark Landwehr 74 Table 3: Landwehr Infantry Regiments on 10 August 1813 20 Kurmark Landwehr Infantry 76 Table 4: Top ten highest attrition rates for Landwehr Infantry 20 Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry 83 Table 5: Landwehr Infantry recorded sick in December 1813 20 Kurmark Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 87 Table 6: Landwehr Infantry Regiments in December 1813 21 Chapter 9: Neumark Landwehr 88 Table 7: Landwehr Infantry Regiments in March 1815. 21 Neumark Landwehr Infantry 88 Table 8: Landwehr Cavalry formed on 10 August 1813. 22 Neumark Landwehr Cavalry 92 Table 9: Landwehr Cavalry Regiments in December 1813. 22 Chapter 10: Pomeranian Landwehr 95 Table 10: Landwehr Cavalry recorded sick in Dec 1813. 22 Pomeranian Landwehr Infantry 96 Table 11: The top eight Landwehr Cavalry Regiments with Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry 99 highest percentage recorded sick. 23 Table 12: Landwehr Cavalry raised in June 1815 23 Chapter 11: Silesian Landwehr 103 Table 13 Distinctions for Landwehr. 28 Silesian Landwehr Infantry 106 Table 14: Origin of the Muskets for the Landwehr. 39 Silesian Landwehr Infantry Freiwilliger Jäger 117 Table 15: Prussian muskets of the Napoleonic Wars. 40 Silesian Landwehr Cavalry 118 Table 16: Foreign muskets used by Prussian Infantry 41 Silesian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 124 Table 17 Distinctions for Landwehr. 47 Chapter 12: The New Territories of 1814-15 127 Table 18: The number of volunteers serving by Corps according to Landwehr, 1816-19 128 the regimental rolls (1813-4). 52 Chapter 13: Berg Landwehr 129 Table 19: The social origin of the volunteers including Lützow Berg Landwehr Infantry 129 Freikorps and Elbe-Westphalian Regiment. 52 Berg Landwehr Cavalry 130 Table 20: Percentage of volunteers by Province 52 Table 21: East Prussian Landwehr Infantry, April 1813 54 Chapter 14: Elbe Landwehr 130 Table 22: East Prussian Landwehr on 2 March1814 55 Elbe Landwehr Infantry 130 Table 23: Jurisdiction for the mobilisation of the Landwehr. 74 Elbe Landwehr Infantry Freiwilliger Jäger 132

~ 3 ~ Chapter 1: Introduction During the Thirty Years War, Brandenburg-Prussia raised a peasant militia to repel invaders. According to Maud (1908: 58), the name of Landwehr can be traced back to 1658. The Militia Regulations of 1701 made all the male population of Brandenburg-Prussia liable for service. By February 1704, there were four regiments each with 12- 14 companies (2,400-2,800 men) giving a total of 10,000 men. In 1713, the landowners feared losing their workers and forced Frederick William I to repeal the Militia Regulations. Only in 1757 during the Seven Years War did Frederick II recreate the militia consisting of 3 Landregimenter, 23 Landmiliz Battalions, 2 Freibataillon, 1 Pomeranian Jägerkorps and 4 Landhusaren squadrons (two Pomeranian, one Kurmark and one Neumark Landhusaren squadrons.1

Map 1: Prussia 1786-1806. On the 30 November 1795, King Frederick William II created the ‘Emergency Committee for Military Reorganization,’ over which FM von Möllendorf presided. Numerous memos recommending universal service and the formation of militia were submitted to this comittee including in 1796, GL Ernst Friedrich von Rüchel who suggested that a militia should be raised for coastal defence and von Schrötter (Minister for East Prussia) who suggested a levy to support the army as had been used in Lithuania in 1757. These were approved on paper as they did not have the features of universal service.2 In 1797, Frederick William III came to the throne and showed initial interest in the reform of the army. He then squandered the next five years on trivial matters. In 1799, von Schrötter submitted another proposal to create a militia of 50,000 men for home and coastal defence. Also in 1799, von Behrenhorst referred to the élan of the Armies of the First Republic of France by stressing the importance of moral and spiritual values required for an effective army. Oberst von Phull in his memorandum dated 12 November 1800 stressed the importance of raising a reserve force. The recommendations of the Duke of Brunswick gave rise to even more ideas. On 25 July 1803, Major von dem Knesebeck supported by GL von Rüchel submitted a plan to establish a “nation in arms” that would have abolished nearly all the traditional exemptions to create a force of 128,397 men who would be discharged and replaced by fresh recruits each year. This was a modification of the current military system except for a call for universal service. After three weeks, the commission rejected the plan.3

1 Braeuner (1863) 19-22, 29-30 2 Braeuner (1863) 31; Shanahan (1966) 74 3 Ellis (1973) 123; Hofschröer (1987) 24; Shanahan (1966) 75-7 ~ 5 ~

The AKO of 31 May 1814, instructed the Schirmutze to have a provincial colour hatband with piping around the top of the crown and Stegen (chevron like decorations). This was probably a confirmation of practice as this design had already been shown in contemporary illustrations of 1813.

~ 26 ~ Equipment A rolled blanket or greatcoat was often worn over the left shoulder for protection. If a knapsack was not used, this would also contain the soldier’s (Wehrmann) personal kit. Knapsacks were generally white canvas until captured equipment became available. When these were unavailable, a linen bread bag was used. Later in the war, Prussian equipment was gradually introduced.

Rear view of three Wehrmann (militiamen) of the 5. Westphalian LWIR [Courtesy of Dietrich Pott]]

~ 43 ~ Chapter 6: East Prussian Landwehr On 31 January 1773, Frederick the Great renamed the old Duchy of Prussia as East Prussia. The East Prussian Military District also included Lithuania and West Prussia right of the River Vistula. The East Prussian Landwehr was founded on 21 February 1813 in accordance to von Clausewitz’s plans. There was little difficulty in recruiting men between the Vistula to the Russian border because the inhabitants had suffered badly at the hands of the French, especially in 1812-13. During the first ten months of the war, the military government was able to recruit 45% of all the men aged 18 to 45. This was 16% of the total male population of which a large proportion volunteered.63

16 Departure of the East Prussian Landwehr after their consecration in church, June 1813. On the right, a Jewish father and mother saying goodbye to their son. On the left, a veteran in blue jacket with red collar and cuffs with one leg looks on. By Gustav Graef (1861)

Table 21: East Prussian Landwehr Infantry, April 1813. [Hofschröer (1980) p5] I Bn II Bn III Bn IV Bn 1. Divisions (Major von Bardeleben) 1. East Prussian Brigade (Major von Wolky) 1. Bn 2. Bn 3. Bn 4. Bn 3. East Prussian Brigade (Major von Graf von Kinkowströjm) 9. Bn 10. Bn 11. Bn 12. Bn

2. Division (Major Graf zu Dohna) 2. East Prussian Brigade (Major von Salzwedel) 5. Bn 6. Bn 7. Bn 8. Bn 4. East Prussian Brigade (Major Graf zu Eulenburg) 13. Bn 14. Bn 15. Bn 16. Bn 5. East Prussian Brigade (Major von Hindenburtg) 17. Bn 18. Bn 19. Bn 20. Bn

By April 1813, it mustered five brigades each of four Landwehr Infantry battalions and a Cavalry Abteilung (detachment). [See Table 20] Each battalion had 23 officers, 60 NCOs, 4 surgeons, 13 musicians, 728 privates and 88 supernumeraries. A Cavalry Abteilung (detachment) was attached to each of the five Landwehr Infantry

63 Hagemann K. (2006) 605 ~ 54 ~ On 27 July 1813, the 3. Brigade became the 1. East Prussian LWIR. By 10 August, the 8. Bn was transferred to 3. East Prussian LWIR in III Corps and 7. Bn transferred to the 4. LWIR blockading Danzig. On 10 August 1813, the 5. & 6. Bns/2. East Prussian LWIR was part of IV Corps that blockaded Kustrin until it capitulated on 7 March 1814. In the middle of August 1813, the 2. East Prussian LWIR establishment was as below. 2. East Prussian LWIR commanded by Major von Salzwedel. 5. Bn (Captain von Kannerwulf) raised in Oletzko [25 officers, 60 NCOs, 13 musicians, 723 men, 3 surgeons, 17 train soldiers, 27 horses] 6. Bn (Captain von Herrmann) raised in Lyck [20 officers, 60 NCOs, 13 musicians, 728 men, 3 surgeons, 13 train soldiers, 23 horses] Half Depot with 2 officers, 2 musicians and 202 men (31 August 1808). On 2 March 1814, the regiment was reorganised with the I-III Bns now being the 5. Bn, 6. Bn and 4. Bn respectively. The 7. Bn reduced to only 250 men became the Reserve Bn. In 1815 it was part of 23. (Horn) Brigade of VI (Tauentzien) Corps. 2. East Prussian LWIR commanded by Major von Salzwedel. I Bn (Major von Lom), II Bn (Major von Lensky), III Bn (Captain von Stuckradt, later Major von Bötticher) Res Bn (Major von Swietlicki) HEADWEAR: Blue Shirmutze with white Landwehr cross, red hatband and piping.

LITEWKA: Grey single breasted or Dark-blue double Litewka with red collar. BUTTONS: White metal buttons. SHOULDER STRAPS: Red shoulder strap with black embroidered “2.” GREATCOAT: LEGWEAR: Grey trousers and black shoes. EQUIPMENT: Black belts and French pack.

~ 58 ~ 2. Neumark LKR The 2. Neumark Landwehr Cavalry Abteilung commanded by Major von Hiller was raised in Sternberg, Crossen and Zuellichau. On 27 July 1813 renamed 2. Neumark LKR. Attached 1. (Dobsschütz) Brigade of Tauentzien’s IV Corps and I & III squadrons with 8 officers and 164 troopers fought at Gross-Beeren (23 Aug 1813). 2. Neumark LKR (Major von Hiller) I Sq (Rittmeister von Sydow), II Sq (Rittmeister von Knobelsdorff), III Sq (Rittmeister von Bünau), IV Sq (Rittmeister von Oestereich) On 18 April 1815, the II squadron was disbanded. It was part of 3. (Sydow) Reserve Cavalry Brigade of IV (Bülow) Corps that covered the deployment of 16. Brigade west of Bois de Paris (18 June 1815). It lost 122 troopers. 2. Neumark LKR (Oberst-Lt von Hiller) I Sq (Major Graf von Haslingen), II Sq (Rittmeister von Bünau), III Sq (Rittmeister von Raussendorff) I (Elite) Squadron in 1814 HEADWEAR: Black fur caps with white cords. KOLLET: Dark-blue tunics with red collar and cuffs. SHOULDER STRAPS: shoulder straps. LEGWEAR: Dark-blue trousers with red broad stripe. EQUIPMENT: Black belts. LANCE: Red tassel

II-IV Squadron in 1814 HEADWEAR: English stovepipe shako with white lace around the upper edge, white or mixed red & white cords and white metal Landwehr Cross. LITEWKA: Light-blue Litewka piped red with red collar, cuffs and shoulder straps. LEGWEAR: Grey Overalls. SASH: Blue Ulan style sash edged red. LANCE: White over black pennant. HORSE FURNITURE: A grey English hussar pattern saddlecloth with hearts in the front and rear corners.

~ 94 ~ Chapter 19: Short Biographies Soldiers Behrenhorst, Georg Heinrich von (1733–1814) was Adjutant to Prince Heinrich von Preussen. Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, Fürst von Wahlstatt (1742-1819) was born in Gross-Renow bear Rostock in Mechlenberg and joined the Swedish Morner Cavaly Regiment in 1757 and served in three campaigns against the Prussians. Captured by the Prussians (1760) and changed sides, serving as a cornet in the HR8 (Belling) Hussars. Blücher resigned (1773) and became a farmer. Reinstated with the rank of major backdated for 8 years upon the death of Frederick the Great (1786). Served with great valour and in March 1794, Oberst of the HR8 Black Hussars. GM (mid June 1794), GL and commanded the cavalry corps (1806) Commanded the rearguard during the retreat to the Baltic coast and was forced to surrender to Bernadotte at Ratekau near Lübeck (6 Nov 1806). Napoleon forbade his active re- employment. Governor General of Pomerania and busied himself in the re- fortification of Kolberg. A great supporter of reform and the anti-French party. He returned to active service at the age of 71 when he was appointed full general (28 Feb 1813) to command the Prussian forces mobilising in Silesia, FM (1814) and commanded the Prussian Army that was instrumental in the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo (18 June 1815).

Borstell, Karl Leopold Heinrich Ludwig von (1773-1844) Born in Tangermünde. Adjutant to his father GM and Chef of KR7. 2nd Lt (1793), major in the Garde du Corps (1806). Member of the reorganisation committee (1808), Oberst (1809), commander of the Pomeranian Brigade (1811). Started mobilising in Pomerania (Feb 1813). GM under Bülow (1813-14). Appointed in March 1815 to command II Corps until 8 May 1815 when he refused Blücher’s order to burn the flags of the rebellious Saxon troops after they had refused to spliting the Saxon regiments. He was relieved of his command. He was sentenced after a court martial in November 1815 to 6 months fortress punishment but was pardoned in January 1816 at the request of Blücher. Appointed the commander of Magdeburg and the I Corps in Königsberg (1816). GdK and commander of VIII Corps in Koblenz, Chef of KR5 (1825). Boyen, Leopold Hermann Ludwig von (1771-1848) was born in Kreuzburg (now Slavskoye, Russia) in East Prussia. As 2nd Lt (1788), he attended the military academy in Königsberg. Adjutant to General von Günther (1794-96). Captain (1799). General Staff of the Duke of Brunswick (1806), and wounded at Auerstädt (14 Oct 1806). Major (1807) and member of the Military Reorganisation Commission (1807-12). Resigned in 1812. Oberst (1812) On 2 May 1813, he was given command of the border guards and later the defence of Berlin. In July, he became Chief of Staff of the III Corps. GM (1813), GL (1818) Minister of War (3 June 1814-1819) where he set up the Landwehr as a reserve. Resigned and spent his time in historical studies before being recalled as Minister of War (Mar 1841-Nov 1847). FM (1847).

~ 154 ~ LANDWEHR INFANTRY 20 Index Landwehr Infantry Uniforms 24 Bürgergarde (Civil Guard) 9 Volunteers (Gefreiter) 32 Creation of the Landwehr 13 NCOs 33 The New Territories of 1814-15 127 Drummer 34 Landwehr, 1816-19 128 Officers 36 Prussian Landwehr in Open Order 21 Berg Landwehr Infantry 129 Military Reorganisation Commission (1807-09) 8 1. Berg LWIR 129 Volkskreig and the Landsturm 11 2. Berg LWIR 129 East Prussian Landwehr 56 LANDWEHR CAVALRY 22 1. East Prussian LWIR 57 Landwehr Cavalry Uniform 47 2. East Prussian LWIR 57 Musicians 49 3. East Prussian LWIR 59 NCOs 49 4. East Prussian LWIR 62 Officers 50 5. East Prussian LWIR 63 Berg Landwehr Cavalry 130 Elbe Landwehr Infantry 130 Berg LKR 130 1. Elbe LWIR 130 East Prussian Landwehr Cavalry 64 2. Elbe LWIR 131 1. East Prussian LKR 64 3. Elbe LWIR 131 2. East Prussian LKR 65 4. Elbe LWIR 132 3. East Prussian LKR 66 Kurmark Landwehr Infantry 76 4. East Prussian LKR 66 1. Kurmark LWIR 76 5. East Prussian LKR 67 2. Kurmark LWIR 77 Elbe Landwehr Cavalry 134 3. Kurmark LWIR 78 Kurmark Landwehr Cavalry 83 4. Kurmark LWIR 79 1. Kurmark LKR 83 5. Kurmark LWIR 79 2. Kurmark LKR 84 6. Kurmark LWIR 80 3. Kurmark LKR 85 7. Kurmark LWIR 82 4. Kurmark LKR 86 Neumark Landwehr Infantry 88 5. Kurmark LKR 87 1. Neumark LWIR 88 6. Kurmark LKR 87 2. Neumark LWIR 89 7. Kurmark LKR 87 3. Neumark LWIR 90 Neumark Landwehr Cavalry 92 Pomeranian Landwehr Infantry 96 1. Neumark LKR 92 1. Pomeranian LWIR 96 2. Neumark LKR 94 2. Pomeranian LWIR 97 Pomeranian Landwehr Cavalry 99 3. Pomeranian LWIR 98 1. Pomeranian LKR 99 Posen Landwehr Infantry 149 2. Pomeranian LKR 101 Rhineland Landwehr Infantry 149 3. Pomeranian LKR 102 1. Rhineland LWIR 149 Rhineland Landwehr Cavalry 151 2. Rhineland LWIR 149 1. Rhineland LKR 151 3. Rhineland LWIR 149 2. Rhineland LKR 152 4. Rhineland LWIR 149 3. Rhineland LKR 152 5. Rhineland LWIR 150 Saxon Landwehr Cavalry 153 6. Rhineland LWIR 150 Thuringian LKR 153 7. Rhineland LWIR 150 Silesian Landwehr Cavalry 118 8. Rhineland LWIR 150 1. Silesian LKR 118 Saxon Landwehr Infantry 153 2. Silesian LKR 118 1. Upper Saxon LWIR 153 3. Silesian LKR 119 2. Upper Saxon LWIR 153 4. Silesian LKR 120 1. Thuringian LWIR 153 5. Silesian LKR 120 2. Thuringian LWIR 153 6. Silesian LKR 121 Silesian Landwehr Infantry 106 7. Silesian LKR 122 1. Silesian LWIR 107 8. Silesian LKR 122 2. Silesian LWIR 108 9. Silesian LKR 123 3. Silesian LWIR 110 10. Silesian LKR 123 4. Silesian LWIR 110 Westphalian Landwehr Cavalry 145 5. Silesian LWIR 112 1. Westphalian LKR 145 6. Silesian LWIR 112 2. Westphalina LKR 148 7. Silesian LWIR 113 West Prussian Landwehr Cavalry 72 8. Silesian LWIR 113 1. West Prussian LKR 72 9. Silesian LWIR 114 2. West Prussian LKR 73 10. Silesian LWIR 114 3. West Prussian LKR 73 11. Silesian LWIR 114

~ 163 ~ 12. Silesian LWIR 114 MUSKETS 39 13. Silesian LWIR 115 Füsiliere-Gewehr M1787 40 15. Silesian LWIR 116 Infanterie-Gewehr M1713 and M1740 39 16. Silesian LWIR 116 Infanterie-Gewehr M1740/89 39 17. Silesian LWIR 116 Salvaged and Foreign Muskets 40 Westphalian Landwehr Infantry 138 1. Westphalian LWIR 138 SIDEARMS 42 2. Westphalian LWIR 138 Bayonet 42 3. Westphalian LWIR 139 Füsiliere Officer’s M1808 Sabre 42 4. Westphalian LWIR 139 Infantry Officer’s M1805 Epee 42 5. Westphalian LWIR 140 New Prussian M1816 Sabre 42 6. Westphalian LWIR 141 ‘Old Prussian’ M1715 Sabre 42 7. Westphalian LWIR 141 8. Westphalian LWIR 141 9. Westphalian LWIR 141 EQUIPMENT 43 10. Westphalian LWIR 141 Canteen (Feldflasche): 45 West Prussian Landwehr Infantry 70 French Infantry Cartouche 46 1. West Prussian LWIR 70 French Knapsack 44 2. West Prussian LWIR 71 Haversack (Brotbeutel): 45 3. West Prussian LWIR 71 Knapsacks 44 M1809 Cartridge Pouch 45 Sabre Belts 45 LANDWEHR INFANTRY FLAGS 46 East Prussian Landwehr Flags 56 Silesian Landwehr Flags 104 SHORT BIOGRAPHIES 154 Westphalian Flags 137 Soldiers West Prussian Flags 69 Behrenhorst, Georg H von (1733–1814) 154 Blücher, Gebhard L von, (1742-1819) 154 Borstell, Karl von (1773-1844) 154 FREIWILLIGER JÄGER INFANTRY 51 Boyen, Leopold von (1771-1848) 154 East Prussian Landwehr Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Karl von (1735-1806) 155 7. Bn/4. East Prussian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Bülow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von (1755-1816) 155 8. Bn. /3. East Prussian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1830) 155 12. Bn/3. East Prussian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Gneisenau, August von (1760-1831) 155 Elbe Landwehr Infantry Freiwilliger Jäger 132 Götzen, Friedrich Graf von (1767-1820) 156 Silesian Landwehr Infantry Freiwilliger Jäger 117 Grolman, Karl von (1777-1843) 156 1. Silesian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 117 Horn, Heinrich von (1762-1829) 156 17. Silesian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger of 117 Kleist von Nollendorf, Friedrich Graf (1762-1823) 156 Westphalian Landwehr Freiwilliger Jäger 142 Knesebeck, Karl von dem (1768-1848) 156 1. Westphalian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 142 L`Estocq, Anton Wilhelm von (1738-1815) 157 2. Westphalian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 142 Massenbach, Eberhard Frhr von (1753-1819) 157 3. Westphalian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 142 Müffling, Friedrich Karl Frhr von (1775-1851) 157 4. Westphalian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 143 Phull, Karl Ludwig von (1757-1826) 157 5. Westphalian LWIR Freiwilliger Jäger 144 Preussen, Prinz Friedrich W. von (1779-1843) 157 Rüchel, Ernst Friedrich von (1754-1823) 157 FREIWILLIGER JÄGER CAVALRY Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann von (1755-1813) 157 East Prussian LW Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Tauentzien von Wittenberg, Graf (1760-1824) 158 Schivelbein Cavalry Detachment 68 Yorck von Wartenburg, Johann Graf (1759-1830) 158 3. East Prussian LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 68 Zieten, Hans Ernst Karl Graf von (1770-1848) 158 Elbe Landwehr Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 136 Politicians and Patriots 159 Kurmark Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 87 Bassewitz, Friedrich Magnus von (1773–1858) 159 3. Kurmark LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 87 Beyme, Grand Chancellor 159 Silesian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 124 Dohna-Schlobitten, Friedrich zu (1771-1831) 159 1. Silesian LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 124 Hardenberg, Karl August Fürst von (1750-1822) 159 3. Silesian LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 124 Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von (1775-1843) 159 6. Silesian LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 125 Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm von (1767-1835) 159 8. Silesian LKR Freiwilliger Jäger 126 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776-1831) 159 Westphalian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 148 Savigny, Friedrich Carl von (1779-1861) 160 1. Westphalian LKR 148 Schön, Heinrich Theodor von (1773-1856) 160 West Prussian Cavalry Freiwilliger Jäger 73 Schrötter, Friedrich Freiherr von (1743-1815) 160 3. West Prussian LKR 73 Schmettau, Ferdinande von (1798-1875) 160 Steffens, Heinrich (1773-1845) 160 PIONEERS Stein, Heinrich Freiherr vom (1757-1831) 160 Mansfeld Landwehr Pioneer Bn 133

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