The Military Experience in the Age of Reason
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Rams Remember Recent Rise to Glory
Search for The Westfield News Westfield350.comTheThe Westfield WestfieldNews News Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY WEATHER CRITIC WITHOUT TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 TUESDAY, JUNE 27, 2017 75 cents $1.00 TUESDAY, JUNE 16, 2020 VOL. 89 NO. 143 City Survey on remote auditor learning experience sent to city students gives By AMY PORTER Staff Writer WESTFIELD – The Westfield Public Schools district June 12 sent out a survey to all students about their experience notice with remote learning and thoughts about the fall. By AMY PORTER Superintendent Stefan Staff Writer Czaporowski also wrote a letter WESTFIELD – City Auditor to parents about the importance Christopher Caputo has of the survey and the status of announced he will be leaving back to school planning. A sur- Westfield in the beginning of vey to parents will also be sent July to take a position in a out mid-week. nearby community. In the letter, Czaporowski Caputo, who lives in said that no decisions have Springfield, started in February been made yet on what the of 2019 and will be leaving on return to school will look like July 10. Southwick’s Dan Burnett steals third in Westfield. Caputo said he wasn’t look- base in the 2019 West Division 3 semi- “Westfield, like most school districts, is waiting for a fall ing, but got a call, and couldn’t Southwick’s Josh Lis scores a run against St. final against Taconic at Westfield State guidance memo from Commissioner Riley. -
War of the Austrian Succession.Docx
War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession was a conflict that took place from 16 December 1740 to 18 October 1748 between the various European powers of the time. The conflict was not restricted to Europe, but also spilled into their colonial holdings in Asia. The war established Prussia as a regional hegemon for years to come, altering the very balance of power in Europe. In India, the rivalry between Britain and France in the Austrian War of Succession resulted in the First Carnatic War. This article will give further details about the War of the Austrian Succession within the context of the UPSC Exams. What was the reason behind the War of the Austrian Succession? The pretext for the war came when a succession crisis happened upon the death of the Habsburg Emperor Charles VI in 1740. To understand how this crisis happened, one must keep in mind the following events: ● In 1703, a Mutual Pact of Succession was agreed upon. It stated that should the male line of the Habsburgs become extinct, the female line would take precedence. ● In this case, the female line referred to the heirs of the elder brother of Charles VI, Emperor Joseph I. ● But the Salic law excluded women of the royal family from inheriting the throne. But if the various Habsburk territories and the Imperial Diet granted approval, then exceptions would be made. ● Emperor Joseph's death in 1711 left two potential female heirs, Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia. But in April 1713, the Pragmatic Sanction was issued by Charles, which allowed female inheritance by the progeny of Charles VI. -
Frederick the Great Before Leuthen<E>
Volume 2. From Absolutism to Napoleon, 1648-1815 Frederick II (“the Great”) on the Eve of the Battle of Leuthen (November 28 and December 3, 1757) On the eve of the battle of Leuthen, Frederick’s situation seemed desperate, and he dispatched the following message to Minister Finckenstein. It was one of several “military testaments” to his risk-embracing warfare. The dramatic address to his officers, reported in an 1802 publication, is characteristic of Frederick’s rhetoric and mentality. On December 4, 1757, Frederick attacked the Austrians and their allies at Leuthen, where his forces prevailed on the battlefield, despite his adversaries’ considerable numerical advantage. November 28, 1757 [ . ] I have issued orders to my Generals concerning all matters which must be done after the battle, whether the fortune of it be good or evil. For the rest, as concerns myself, I wish to be buried at Sans Souci, without display or pomp, and at night. I desire that my body should not lie in state, but that I should be taken there without ceremony and buried at night. As to public affairs, the first thing should be that an order should be issued to all Commanding Officers to swear allegiance to my brother. If the battle is won, my brother is nevertheless to send a messenger to France to carry the news, and at the same time, to negotiate terms of peace, with full powers. My will is to be opened, and I discharged my brother of all the money legacies in it, because the desolate condition of his finances will make it impossible for him to fulfill them. -
Interaction and Perception in Anglo-German Armies: 1689-1815
Interaction and Perception in Anglo-German Armies: 1689-1815 Mark Wishon Ph.D. Thesis, 2011 Department of History University College London Gower Street London 1 I, Mark Wishon confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 ABSTRACT Throughout the ‘long eighteenth century’ Britain was heavily reliant upon soldiers from states within the Holy Roman Empire to augment British forces during times of war, especially in the repeated conflicts with Bourbon, Revolutionary, and Napoleonic France. The disparity in populations between these two rival powers, and the British public’s reluctance to maintain a large standing army, made this external source of manpower of crucial importance. Whereas the majority of these forces were acting in the capacity of allies, ‘auxiliary’ forces were hired as well, and from the mid-century onwards, a small but steadily increasing number of German men would serve within British regiments or distinct formations referred to as ‘Foreign Corps’. Employing or allying with these troops would result in these Anglo- German armies operating not only on the European continent but in the American Colonies, Caribbean and within the British Isles as well. Within these multinational coalitions, soldiers would encounter and interact with one another in a variety of professional and informal venues, and many participants recorded their opinions of these foreign ‘brother-soldiers’ in journals, private correspondence, or memoirs. These commentaries are an invaluable source for understanding how individual Briton’s viewed some of their most valued and consistent allies – discussions that are just as insightful as comparisons made with their French enemies. -
The Miseducation of Hip-Hop Dance: Authenticity, and the Commodification of Cultural Identities
The Miseducation of Hip-Hop dance: Authenticity, and the commodification of cultural identities. E. Moncell Durden., Assistant Professor of Practice University of Southern California Glorya Kaufman School of Dance Introduction Hip-hop dance has become one of the most popular forms of dance expression in the world. The explosion of hip-hop movement and culture in the 1980s provided unprecedented opportunities to inner-city youth to gain a different access to the “American” dream; some companies saw the value in using this new art form to market their products for commercial and consumer growth. This explosion also aided in an early downfall of hip-hop’s first dance form, breaking. The form would rise again a decade later with a vengeance, bringing older breakers out of retirement and pushing new generations to develop the technical acuity to extraordinary levels of artistic corporeal genius. We will begin with hip-hop’s arduous beginnings. Born and raised on the sidewalks and playgrounds of New York’s asphalt jungle, this youthful energy that became known as hip-hop emerged from aspects of cultural expressions that survived political abandonment, economic struggles, environmental turmoil and gang activity. These living conditions can be attributed to high unemployment, exceptionally organized drug distribution, corrupt police departments, a failed fire department response system, and Robert Moses’ building of the Cross-Bronx Expressway, which caused middle and upper-class residents to migrate North. The South Bronx lost 600,000 jobs and displaced more than 5,000 families. Between 1973 and 1977, and more than 30,000 fires were set in the South Bronx, which gave rise to the phrase “The Bronx is Burning.” This marginalized the black and Latino communities and left the youth feeling unrepresented, and hip-hop gave restless inner-city kids a voice. -
WAB Forum Template
WAB FORUM SUPPLEMENT SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756 – 1763 AD Games Workshop, the Games Workshop logo, Warhammer, Warhammer Historical Wargames and the Warhammer Historical Wargameslogo are trademarks of Games Workshop, Ltd WAB Forum 1 v 0.1 WAB FORUM SUPPLEMENT SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756 – 1763 AD - able to reform into a Square INTRODUCTION - can choose to reform as charge reaction, Ld-test needed, -1 if attacked in flank, -2 in rear - in case they are charged in the flank and a Battalion Gun is attached, simply ignore the gun and it’s crew LINE CAVALRY - count as open order - may add rank bonus up to +1 SPECIAL RULES - able to perform an order MUSKETS BATTALION GUN (75pts) - range 24”, S3, S4 at short range Counts as Light Cannon (see below) but must be attached to a Line - one rank may fire Infantry unit (left or right flank). Must move like the unit, but is unable to - if not moved last turn two ranks may shoot (salvoe), but no further fast march. Cannot move and shoot. Must stay at one flank of the unit. salvoe including next round, enemy units have to make a panic test Have to shoot at the same target as the unit, but normal cannon immediately if they have casualtiesfrom the salvoe restrictions apply. The battalion gun is able to perform a Canister Shot as charge reactionif the unit the gun is attached at will be attacked. ORDERS Each character model enables one line infantry or line cavalry unit with a CHARACTERS EQUIPMENT successful Ld-test to have extra movement or a reform before the Characters may have the equipment of the unit they join at the start of the normal movement phase. -
The Ultimate Experience
The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari The Ultimate Experience January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-i 9780230_536920_01_prexvi Also by Yuval Noah Harari RENAISSANCE MILITARY MEMOIRS: War, History and Identity, 1450–1600 SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN THE AGE OF CHIVALRY, 1100–1550 January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-ii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari Department of History Hebrew University of Jerusalem January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-iii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi © Yuval Noah Harari 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. -
The Charleston by Dawn Lille
The Charleston by Dawn Lille The 1920s in America were characterized by a During World War I, many southern African sense of abandon, pleasure, and gaiety. The Americans came north to a better life. They era’s chief literary chronicler, F. Scott Fitzgerald, brought their dance and music with them and immortalized the flapper and her dance, the frequented Harlem dance halls and nightclubs. Charleston, as quintessential symbols of the Some of the better dancers were hired for the time. The dance and the “new woman” were acts presented in such places as the Cotton Club solidly entwined for one glorious year, mid- and Small’s Paradise, which were patronized by 1926 to mid-1927. Although other dances white downtown audiences who eventually replaced it, the Charleston, an indigenous brought the dances to white ballrooms. The American jazz dance, has made frequent Savoy Ballroom opened in 1926, coinciding comebacks in one form or another ever since. with the Harlem Renaissance; it was racially Roger Pryor Dodge, an early dance critic, called integrated and had a special area reserved for it the greatest step of all and a major the best dancers. contribution to American dance. But it was Broadway that launched the The Charleston is a dance that was performed Charleston craze. The dance was introduced in by the descendants of African slaves in the 1922 in an all-black stage play called Liza, and American south. Like its sister vernacular form, was present to some degree in many of the jazz, from which it takes its rhythmic influential all-black musicals such as Shuffle propulsion, it is a blend of African and European Along. -
Draft 5 for Printing
Jan Milí č of Kroměř íž and Emperor Charles IV: Preaching, Power, and the Church of Prague Eleanor Janega UCL Thesis Submitted for the degree of PhD in History 1 I, Eleanor Janega, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in my thesis. 2 Abstract During the second half of the fourteenth century Jan Milí č of Krom ěř íž became an active and popular preacher in Prague. The sermons which he delivered focused primarily on themes of reform, and called for a renewal within the church. Despite a sustained popularity with the lay populace of Prague, Milí č faced opposition to his practice from many individual members of the city’s clergy. Eventually he was the subject of twelve articles of accusation sent to the papal court of Avignon. Because of the hostility which Milí č faced, historians have most often written of him as a precursor to the Hussites. As a result he has been identified as an anti-establishment rabble-rouser and it has been assumed that he conducted his career in opposition to the court of the Emperor Charles IV. This thesis, over four body chapters, examines the careers of both Milí č and Charles and argues that instead of being enemies, the two men shared an amicable relationship. The first chapter examines Milí č’s career and will prove that he was well-connected to Charles and several members of his court. It will also examine the most common reasons given to argue that Charles and Milí č were at odds, and disprove them. -
The Napoleon Series
The Napoleon Series Officers of the Anhalt Duchies who Fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1789-1815: Anhalt, Leopold Ludwig, Count By Daniel Clarke Leopold Ludwig Count Anhalt was born on February 28, 1729, in Kleckewitz (Raguhn- Jeßnitz), in the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau. He was the second eldest son of Wilhelm Gustav, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Johanne Sophie Herre. Therefore he was the brother of Albrecht (1735-1802) and Friedrich (1732-1794), and also half brother to Karl Philipp (1732-1806) and Heinrich Wilhelm (1734-1801). He married Karoline von Printzen in 1763, having one daughter, Wilhelmine Sophie Karoline. Leopold entered the service of Prussia in December 1745 during the War of Austrian Succession. He had been given the rank of Staff Captain and the position of Adjutant- General to general Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, who was his father’s father. On December 15 he was engaged in the Battle of Kesselsdorf, where his uncle defeated an army of Austrians and Saxons. Later, in April 1748, he became a Line Captain and commander of a company in the 3rd Infantry Regiment, Leopold Maximilian von Anhalt- Dessau. Then, during the early stages of the Seven Years’ Wars, he fought with his regiment at the Battle of Lobositz (Lovosice) in October 1756 and Prague in May 1757, where he was wounded three times. The severity of his wounds meant that Leopold only returned to active service in October 1759, but in the meantime he had been promoted to Major in February 1758. For Leopold, though, his first assignment when he returned turned out to be very unlucky. -
19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid. -
Piacenza 1746 (War of the Austrian Succession)
Other C18 : Piacenza 1746 (War of the Austrian Succession) Piacenza 1746 (War of the Austrian Succession) Available for Pre-Order. ETA FALL 2021. Rating: Not Rated Yet Price Price £35.95 Ask a question about this product ManufacturerEUROPA SIMULAZIONI Description Available for Pre-Order. ETA FALL 2021. The Story The War of the Austrian Succession (1740 - 1748) was a dynastic war, initiated by the European powers to counter the legitimate claim of Maria Theresa Habsburgs (1717-1780) to maintain control of all her family possessions, when her father, the Emperor Charles VI, died in 1740. Federick II of Prussia was the first to act. He invaded Silesia as he wanted to reach a glorious military success and the beginning of his reign. Maria Theresa reacted prompted, and two alliance sides formed for the war with all the major European countries and many minor states involved. In 1745 war extended to Italy where France and Spain were in arms against Austria and and her ally, Savoy. After a sound defeat near Alessandria, the following year the Austrian side soundly defeated the French-Spanish army at the battle of Piacenza, which marked the end of the French-Spain attempts to defeat Maria in Italy: "I want to hope that this event will dispel from the minds of my enemies the desire to totally banish myself from Italy" Highlights * regimental-level warfare in the Age of Reason * highly interactive sequence of play, focused on manoeuvre 1 / 2 Other C18 : Piacenza 1746 (War of the Austrian Succession) * formations move in "linear mode", the typical way of fighting a battle at that time * a 22" x 25" fine-art map , based on ancient map of the battle * detailed order of battle * limited play time Components: 22" x 25" map of Piacenza and its southern area 216 5/8" (large) die-cut counters Rule booklet Chart Boxed Designer: Enrico Acerbi 2 / 2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).