China
2.3.2.6 Shanghai Metro
Key Information Network length XX Lines XX Stations XX Average daily ridership XX Fare XX Track and Power XX Technology XX Commencement of operations XX ATC: automatic train control; CBTC: communications-based train control
Background: Launched in 1995, the Shanghai metro (officially known as the Shanghai Rail Transit) has evolved into one of the fastest growing rapid transit systems in the world.
Key players: The Shanghai Shentong Metro Company Limited is the developer and operator of the network. It operates the entire system through four sub-divisions – Shanghai No. 1 Metro Operation Company Limited (for Lines 1, 5, 9 and 10), Shanghai No. 2 Metro Operation Company Limited (for Lines 2, 11 and 13), Shanghai No. 3 Metro Operation Company Limited (for Lines 3, 4 and 7) and Shanghai No. 4 Metro Operation Company Limited (for Lines 6 and 8).
Current network*: The Shanghai metro has 11 lines spanning over XX km. In addition, a XX-km maglev line links the international airport to the city centre. The network details are provided in Table 2.3.2.6.1.
Table 2.3.2.6.1: Current Network of Shanghai Metro
Line Details Length Stations (km) (No.) Line 1 Runs from Fujin Road to Xinzhuang XX XX Line 2 Runs from East Xujing to Pudong International Airport XX XX Line 3 Runs from North Jiangyang Road to Shanghai South Railway XX XX Station Line 4 Loop line through Yishan Road and Yangshupu Road XX XX Line 5 Runs from Xinzhuang to Minhang Development Zone XX XX Line 6 Runs from Gangcheng Road to Oriental Sports Centre XX XX Line 7 Runs from Meilan Lake to Huamu Road XX XX Line 8 Runs from Shiguang Road to Aerospace Museum XX XX Line 9 Runs from Songjiang Xincheng to Middle Yanggao Road XX XX Line 10 Runs from Xinjiangwancheng to Hongqiao Railway XX XX Station/Hangzhong Road Line 11 Runs from North Jiading/Anting to Jiangsu Road XX XX
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Maglev Runs from Longyang Road to Pudong International Airport XX XX Source: Global Mass Transit Research
Ridership: In 2010, the system carried XX passengers, translating into an average daily ridership of XX. It set a daily ridership record of XX on October 22, 2010.
Rolling stock and technology: Overall, three major rolling stock providers – Canada-based Bombardier Transportation, Germany-based Siemens AG and France-based Alstom – have supplied rolling stock for the subway. Details of the rolling stock used on each line are provided in Table 2.3.2.6.2.
Table 2.3.2.6.2: Details of Rolling Stock on the Shanghai Subway System
Line Supplier Railcar formation Line 1 Siemens AG, Bombardier (60 MOVIA metro cars and 96 metro cars), XX Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company* Line 2 Alstom, Adtranz (now Bombardier), Siemens AG XX Line 3 Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company XX Line 4 Siemens AG, CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company Limited XX Line 5 Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company XX Line 6 Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company, Changchun XX Railway Vehicles Company Line 7 Bombardier (192 MOVIA cars) XX Line 8 Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company, Changchun XX Railway Vehicles Company Line 9 Bombardier (306 MOVIA cars) XX Line 10 Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment Company, CSR Nanjing XX Puzhen Rolling Stock Company Limited Line 11 CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company Limited, Siemens AG XX *Shanghai Alstom Transport Electrical Equipment Company Limited is a Chinese-French joint venture set up in 1999 Source: Global Mass Transit Research
For power supply, the system uses overhead wires and a 1,500V DC system. Germany-based Siemens has equipped Line 2 with an overhead contact line and seven DC traction power supply substations.
Casco, a joint venture between the China Railway Signal & Communication Group and France- based Alstom, has supplied the signalling system for Lines XX. Alstom has supplied automatic train control (ATC) equipment and services from its Urbalis communications-based train control (CBTC) range. XX has supplied XX to enable automatic operation on Lines XX and the metro is driverless with a driver on board for emergencies. XX have been deployed on Line 2. US-based Union Switch & Signal has deployed AF-900 profile-based ATC system (integrating automatic train protection, automatic train operations and automatic train stop) on Line XX.
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For Line XX, Siemens supplied the VICOS operation control system, the SICAS electronic interlocking and the ZUB 200 intermittent ATC system.
Plasma screens have been installed on platforms to provide information on the next two trains. Screens inside the trains provide information on the stops.
Fare system: The Shanghai metro system uses a unified ticketing system called the XX. Single- ride tickets and the SPTC are embedded with radio frequency identification (RFID) contactless chips. While the tickets are available at vending machines in metro stations, the SPTC can be purchased and loaded at select banks, convenience stores and metro stations. The SPTC can also be used on other transport modes such as buses and taxis. A distance-based fare system has been adopted.
Extensions/Capital projects: Plans are underway to increase the existing track length to XX km by 2020 and to XX km by 2030. So far, construction on XX lines and their extensions has begun. These are:
Line XX (Phase II of west extension, and east extension): Line from the Pudong International Airport to XX.
Line XX (south extension): Under Phase I, a line covering XX stations is being constructed from the Dongchuan Road station to XX. Work started in December 2010 and is targeted to be completed by XX.
Line XX: The line is planned to be extended from the Aerospace Museum to the Hui Zhen Lu station spanning XX km and covering 5 stations. Work will begin in 2012 and is targeted to be completed by 2014-15. In the future, a loop line (west extension) from the Hui Zhen Lu station to the Pu Xing Gong Lu station and back to the Aerospace Museum is planned.
Line XX: Under Phase III, the east section will be extended to cover XX stations and the south section will be extended by XX km to cover three stations.
Line XX: Under Phase II, which is currently under planning, a northern extension from New Jiangwan Town to XX is proposed to be developed by XX.
Line XX: Under Phase II, a south extension from the Jiangsu Lu station to XX is under construction and planned to be completed by end-2012. In the future, a XX-km branch line to the Hua Qiao station will be constructed. Under Phase III, a line from the XX to the Disneyland station (east extension) will be constructed when the construction begins at Disneyland. This extension is part of the medium-term plan XX.
Line XX: This line involves construction of a XX km link covering XX stations. Phase I is planned to be opened by December 2012. The entire line is expected to be operational from XX.
Line XX: Phase I comprises a XX km route from Hua Jiang Road to West Nanjing Road covering XX stations by end-2012. Under Phase II, a XX km link from West Nanjing Road to Zhang Jiang Road station will be built by XX. The XX-km Expo Line, which was opened to the public in May
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2010 during the Shanghai Expo and was closed later, covers XX stations and is also part of Line XX. Overall, this line will cover XX stations.
Line XX: This line is partly parallel to the XX and is in the planning stage. The 36.4-km line will start from Jiang Qiao and connect the core areas of the Jin Qiao development zone through XX stations. It is expected to be completed by XX.
Line XX: The XX-km line will connect the Qi Hua Road station to the Zi Zhu Science-based Industrial Park through XX stations.
Line XX: The XX-km link will connect XX to Ling Gang Xin Cheng in the south through XX stations. Construction began in 2009 and is expected to be completed by XX.
Line XX: The XX-km line will connect XX to Oriental Oasis in the Qing Pu district through XX stations. Construction began in 2010 and is expected to be completed by XX.
Line XX: The XX-km line will connect Chengbei Road to Hangtou through XX stations.
Line XX: The line will connect Chuan Qiao Road to Chongming Island through a XX-km link covering XX stations. A branch line from XX will connect to the Hengsha Island.
Line XX: The XX-km link will cover XX stations. It is planned to be the fastest link with trains running at speeds of XX km per hour.
Long-term plan (2020-30): Certain extensions are under consideration. These include XX.
Recent developments: In December 2011, the north extension of Line XX commenced operations. In addition, the tunnelling works for Line XX were completed in December 2011.
In September 2011, the Shanghai Shentong Metro Company Limited announced the issue of XX worth of short-term financing notes, each with a par value of RMB100, a term of 366 days and a coupon rate of XX per cent.
(1 RMB [Chinese Yuan] = 0.16 USD)
*(For a detailed route map please refer to the Appendix).
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2.4.17.3 Madrid Metro
Key Information Network length XX Operational lines XX Stations XX Average daily ridership XX Fare XX Track and Power XX Technology XX Commencement of operations XX ATC: automatic train control; CBTC: communications-based train control
Background: Opened in 1919, the Madrid metro features amongst the 10 largest metro systems in the world. The Madrid metropolitan area has a population of over 6 million. Its dense metro network is rapidly expanding and has doubled in size in the past 15 years under bold regional investment plans.
Key players: Metro de Madrid SA, a public company part of Consorcio Regional de Transportes (regional consortium of all rapid transit systems in Madrid), operates the system. The Comunidad de Madrid (Autonomous Community of Madrid) and the Ayuntamiento de Madrid (Madrid City Council) own the system. The passage section between Puerta de Arganda and Arganda del Rey on Line 9 is operated by Transportes Ferroviarios de Madrid (TFM).
Current network*: Currently the sixth largest in the world, the network has grown to XX km with XX lines and XX stations. This extensive network covers even the outlying and suburban areas of Madrid with XX interchanges. Over 90 per cent of the network is underground, with surface sections on Line XX (Campamento-Eugenia de Montijo), Line XX (Lago-Casa de Campo) and Line XX (Puerta de Arganda-Arganda del Rey).
In addition, the network is integrated with Madrid’s tram network, Metro Ligero (ML), comprising three Lines – ML1 serving the northern suburbs, and ML2 and ML3 serving the western suburbs. The modern tram network (which operates in low population density areas) spans XX km. It is primarily a surface system, with some underground stretches on XX.
The entire network is divided into five zones based on areas of the region covered:
MetroMadrid, in fare zone XX, is the core network within the city and includes XX. MetroSur (a loop line), in fare zones XX and XX, spans XX. MetroEste, in fare zone XX, serves the XX. MetroNorte, in fare zone XX, covers the XX. MetroOeste, in fare zones XX and XX, comprising tram Lines XX and XX. TFM, in fare zones XX, XX and XX, connects to the southeast cities XX.
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Table 2.4.17.3.1 provides details of the network.
Table 2.4.17.3.1: Current Network for Madrid Metro and ML (Tram)
Line Name Length (km) Stations XX Pinar de Chamartín–Valdecarros XX XX XX Las Rosas–Cuatro Caminos XX XX XX Villaverde Alto–Moncloa XX XX XX Argüelles–Pinar de Chamartín XX XX XX Alameda de Osuna–Casa de Campo XX XX XX Circular XX XX XX Hospital del Henares–Estadio Olímpico–Pitis XX XX XX Nuevos Ministerios–Aeropuerto T4 XX XX XX Mirasierra–Puerta de Arganda–Arganda del Rey XX XX XX Hospital Infanta Sofía–Tres Olivos–Puerta del Sur XX XX XX Plaza Elíptica–La Fortuna XX XX XX MetroSur (circular) XX XX XX Ópera–Príncipe Pío XX XX Total XX XX
XX Pinar de Chamartín–Las Tablas XX XX XX Colonia Jardín–Estación de Aravaca XX XX XX Colonia Jardín–Puerta de Boadilla XX XX Total XX XX Source: Metro de Madrid and Global Mass Transit Research
The longest line, XX, is in fact a huge underground loop, and is the system’s largest and most expensive civil engineering project till date. It connects the southern suburbs to the city centre via an interchange with Line XX (at Puerta del Sur). In addition, the XX-km Tranvia de Parla circular route to the south of XX serves the town of XX with XX stops. To the north, MetroNorte, serving XX stations, connects Line XX to the light metro system.
Many of the metro lines connect with the Cercanias suburban rail network, which comprises XX lines (XX km) and is operated by the public transport authority RENFE (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles). Of the XX stations of the XX network, XX provide interchanges with the metro network and more interchanges are planned.
In March 2011, Stage 1 of the Line X extension to XX entered into service. It involved the construction of a XX-km underground section up to Calle Ventisquero de la Condesa in Mirasierra. Also, in March 2011, the XX-km extension of Line XX from La Elipa to XX, with three intermediate stations at La Almudena, Alsacia and XX, was inaugurated. The extension serves the districts of XX, XX and Las Rosas.
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In April 2011, telecommunications company XX secured the XX million contract to provide mobile voice and high-speed broadband services for the metro over XX years.
Ridership: The annual ridership for 2010 was XX million passengers and the average daily ridership stood at XX million passengers. Figure 2.4.17.3.1 indicates the ridership on individual lines for 2009 and 2010. Line XX had the highest ridership in both years.
Figure 2.4.17.3.1: Ridership Details of Madrid Metro
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Total Ridership Ridership (million) Total 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ramal 2009 2010
Source: Annual Report (2010), Metro de Madrid
The extensions introduced on Lines XX, XX and XX between October 2010 and XX 2011 led to an increase in ridership by XX by XX 2011. An additional 50,000 residents in Mirasierra, Peñagrande and Montecarmelo have benefited from the extension of Line XX to XX. Besides, the Tranvia de Parla Line carries over XX million passengers annually, which is expected to rise as population in the town grows.
Fare system: The metro network is divided into six fare zones (XX, XX, XX, XX, XX and XX), which are integrated with the other transit systems in the region under the consortium Consorcio Regional de Transportes. Both magnetic stripe tickets and multimodal travel cards (XX) are in use. Since 2006, the migration to contactless smart card ticketing has been ongoing. The annual travel card based on this technology was introduced for XX in XX, and was extended to zones XX, XX, XX and XX by 2008. Over XX million people use the travel cards per month, accounting for nearly XX of the demand for fare instruments in XX.
In December 2010, XX secured the contract to supply XX technology for the fare collection system. Trials started in XX and Phase XX of the testing for final implementation of the contactless smart cards is underway. Tests will continue up to end-XX. XX has provided 80 per cent of the ticketing infrastructure including gates that recognise both magnetic stripe tickets and contactless smart cards on the MetroNorte.
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Rolling stock and technology: Most of the old rolling stock was supplied by XX. The system currently uses XX’s series 2000-A, 2000-B, 3000, 5000, 6000 and 8000 fleet. In 2010, XX new series XX trains were introduced on Line XX. The older series XX trains on Line XX were retired in 2011 and some of these are being supplied to the XX metro system in Argentina. In March 2011, XX four-car trains were acquired from XX for Line XX.
Since 2004, Metro de Madrid has invested XX million to acquire over XX new trains. Trains for Lines XX and XX are sourced from XX (series 7000 and 9000). Series XX supports automatic train control. The ML network operates XX trams.
As part of the Line XX modernisation project, the newest train type on the network is the series XX. XX will supply XX six-car trains on Line XX by 2012 (XX of these have been operational since 2010). The trains are equipped with regenerative braking and communications-based train control (CBTC) featuring automatic train operation and protection.
During 2004-09, XX performed major technology infrastructure upgrades on the entire network for CBTC implementation. The CBTC system on Line XX has been implemented by Canada-based Bombardier.
Extensions/ Capital projects: Under the New Expansion and Improvement Plan, the metro network is being extended to reach the suburban areas, in particular to the XX and XX. Many extensions (Lines XX, XX and XX) were completed in 2011. The extensions/new lines currently under construction include:
Line 9: Spain-based construction companies XX and XX are implementing Stage 2 of the extension from XX to Costa Brava (XX km). The XX million project is scheduled to be completed in XX.
Torrejón de Ardoz-Chamartín Line: The new line from XX will connect with the existing commuter rail lines as part of the Cercanias Infrastructure Plan. It will be built in two stages. Stage 1 involves the construction of a XX-km section and an underground station at XX, which will eventually link with the XX station. The contract for this stage was awarded in XX 2011. The XX-km line will continue up to the municipality of XX. The project is currently halted due to financial problems faced by the concessionaire.
Extensions/ New lines: Several extension projects are currently in the planning stage. Some of these have been suspended due to the global financial crisis. Details of the priority extensions/lines are provided in Table 2.4.17.3.2.
Table 2.4.17.3.2: Near-term Extensions/Lines for Madrid Metro
Line Extension Length (km) Current status 3 South extension to El Casar to meet MetroSur XX XX New line Puente De Los Franceses–Moncloa XX XX Source: Metro de Madrd SA
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In addition, plans are underway for other extensions such as Line XX north to Nuevos Ministerios; Line XX to Las Tablas; Line XX to Corralejos; Line XX to Mendez Alvaro; Line XX to San Sebastián de los Reyes; and Line XX to Avenida de la Ilustración. Two new stations are planned in the long run for Line XX (MetroSur) at Fuenlabrada Oeste (between Loranca and XX), and at Fuenlabrada Este (between Arroyo Culebro and XX). A new station is also planned for Line XX at Arroyo del Fresno.
Modernisation: XX new depots are being constructed at an investment of XX million to accommodate XX new train-sets and XX trams. Existing depots at XX and Laguna will also be extended. In addition, XX older stations (pre-1995) are being refurbished to improve accessibility. The Line XX modernisation project, currently under implementation, includes station refurbishment, power supply renovation for tunnel lighting, deployment of new trains, and renovation/replacement of escalators.
Recent developments: In December 2011, Spain-based XX secured the contract to analyse, design, construct and deploy XX for the metro. The company will install XX including ticket vending machines, turnstiles and XX.
(1 EUR [Euro] = 1.35 USD)
*(For a detailed route map please refer to the Appendix).
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