sign in sign up
<<
Home , Clothing material, Jute

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

A.Choose the appropriate answers. Question:1 Which of these is not a natural fibre? (a) (b) (c) (d) Solution: (a) leather Leather is not a natural fibre as it is obtained from animals. Question:2 Which of these fabrics will you choose to wear in hot and humid conditions? (a) cotton (b) (c) (d) wool Solution: (a) Cotton Cotton fabrics are best worn in hot and humid conditions as these clothes absorb sweat and evaporates it thus, making the body cool. Question:3 Historians believe that cotton clothes were first worn in (a) . (b) . (c) . (d) Europe. Solution: (b) Egypt

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

Historians believe that the first cotton clothes were used in Egypt 14,000 years ago. However, the written records indicate that cotton clothing was made in India at least 3,000 years ago. Question:4 Which of these is the leading producer of wool today? (a) (b) Australia (c) New Zealand (d) USA Solution: (b) Australia Australia is the world's leading producer of wool today. Question:5 Which of these is not a property of jute? (a) biodegradability (b) durability (c) smoothness (d) strength Solution: (c) smoothness Jute is biodegradable, durable and strong. However, smoothness is not a property of jute. Question:6 Which of these is not a fibre? (a) jute (b) nylon (c) leather (d) wool Solution: (c) leather

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

Leather is derived from tanning skins of animals. Therefore, it is not a fibre. Question:7 Which of these do you think traps the most air? (a) nylon (b) cotton (c) wool (d) Solution: (c) wool Wool is fluffy and it traps most of the air which enables wool to act as an insulator. Question:8 Which of these is not a property of nylon? (a) light weight (b) strong (c) absorbs water (d) wrinkle free Solution: (c) absorbs water Nylon is a synthetic fibre. Nylon is incapable of absorbing water. B.VERY SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS.Give one word answers. Question:1 Name one fibre each that is: (a) smooth (b) shiny (c) fluffy (d) wrinkle free Solution: (a) Smooth: Cotton is an example of a smooth fibre.

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

(b) Shiny: Silk is an example of a smooth fibre. (c) Fluffy: Wool is an example of a fluffy fibre. (d) Wrinkle free: Polyester is an example of a wrinkle free fibre. Question:2 Cotton grows best in the ______soil of south India or the ______soil of north India. Solution: Cotton grows best in the black soil of south India or the alluvial soil of north India. Question:3 To grow best, cotton requires ______rainfall. Solution: To grow best, cotton requires moderate rainfall. Question:4 ______is the rearing of silkworm for the production of silk. Solution: Sericulture is the rearing of silkworm for the production of silk. Question:5 Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres. True or false? Solution: True, jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres. Question:6 Jute grows best in areas that get ______(heavy/moderate/low) rainfall. Solution: Jute grows best in areas that get heavy rainfall. Question:7 Soaking the jute plants in water is called ______Solution: Soaking of jute plants in water is known as retting. Question:8

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

Synthetic fibres dry faster than cotton or wool. True or false? Solution: True. Synthetic fibres do not absorb water and as a result, they dry faster than cotton or wool. Question:9 Fibres are made from melted plastic by passing it through fine holes in a ______Solution: Fibres are made from melted plastic by passing it through fine holes in a spinneret C.SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:Answer in a sentence or two.. Question:1 Why do we wear clothes? Solution: We wear clothes to protect ourselves against the weather such as strong sunlight, extreme cold, heat or rain. Question:2 How did people cover their bodies before invention of clothes? Solution: Before the invention of clothes, people covered their bodies with the skins of animals in cold weather or with leaves, barks, or grasses in warm weather. Question:3 What is the difference between fibre and ? Solution: Fibres Yarn Fibres are obtained from natural sources such as cotton, wool etc. Yarn is obtained by

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

braiding different fibres together. Question:4 Name two fibres that are used to make clothes, and two materials that are not fibres but are used to make clothes. Solution: Two fibres that are used to make clothes are cotton and wool. Two materials that are not fibres but are used for making clothes are leather and , which are derived from animals. Question:5 List two uses of jute. Solution: Following are the uses of jute: (i) Jute is useful for making . (ii) It is used in making gunny sacks or covers for chairs. Question:6 Which properties of synthetic fibres make them useful? Solution: The properties of synthetic fibres that make them useful include: 1. High strength 2. Resistance to wrinkling 3. Fast drying These properties are exploited in making clothes with synthetic fibres. Question:7 In most parts of India pure nylon or polyester clothes are not worn. Why? Solution: The climate in most parts of India is hot. Nylon and polyester being synthetic fibres do not 'breathe' as easily as

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

cotton. They are unable to absorb sweat and keeping the wearer cool in hot climates. Question:8 Why does jute grow so well in the Sunderbans area? Solution: Jute grows best in warm, humid climates receiving plenty of rainfall. Jute also requires alluvial soil receiving silt from annual flooding. These conditions are best available in the Sunderbans region. Hence, jute grows well in the Sunderbans region. D.LONG-ANSWER QUESTIONS:Answer these questions. Question:1 What kind of climate and soil does cotton require to give a good yield? Solution: Kind of climate and soil required for having a good yield of cotton: Cotton is a warm season crop that needs moderate rainfall. It requires fertile and clayey soil that can hold moisture. The best suited soil for growing cotton is black soil which is found in western and southern India. Cotton is sown between May and September in India and its harvesting begins from October. Question:2 Name and explain in one sentence each the steps involved in converting cotton growing on plants to cotton cloth. Solution: Three steps are involved in converting cotton to cloth: (i) Ginning: The cotton obtained from cotton bolls is separated from seeds by this process.

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

(ii) : The fibres obtained by combing are spun into yarn by this process. (iii) : The yarn is finally woven into cloth using two different types of . Question:3 What advantages does cotton have over synthetic cloth? Solution: Cotton cloth is soft and it lets air flow through it. In other words, cotton cloth can breathe freely. This is not the case with synthetic cloth such as nylon. Further, cotton clothes can absorb sweat, which synthetic clothes cannot. The absorbed sweat then evaporates from the clothing and cools down the wearer in hot and humid weather. Question:4 Outline the process of making woollen clothes. Solution: The process of making woollen clothing employs the following steps: 1. Shearing: The wool is removed from the sheep using special clippers in a process known as shearing. 2. Transportation: Post shearing, the wool is packed into bales and transported to the mills. 3. Combing and spinning: The wool is then combed by a combing machine and spun into fibre. 4. or weaving: The fibres are then knit or weaved into woollen clothing. Question:5 How is silk obtained? Solution: Silk is obtained from the cocoon of silk worms. The silk worms feed on mulberry leaves and each worm spins a

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

continuous , which is nearly 800 meters in length, to make a cocoon. The cocoons are collected and boiled in water to kill the silkworms. The cocoons are then unwrapped to get silk fibre, which is then woven into fabric. Question:6 How is jute fibre made from the jute plant? Solution: Jute fibre is obtained from jute plant by the following steps: 1. Retting: Jute fibre is obtained from the stalks of the jute plant. After harvesting, the stalks of jute plants are bundled together and soaked in water for about 20 days. 2. The fibres are then separated from the stem in long strands and washed in clear, running water. 3. The fibres are then spread out or hung up to dry for between 2- 3 days. 4. The dried fibres are then collected and bundled to be sent to the mills to be processed into fabric, ropes, gunny sacks etc C.HOTS Questions:Think and answer. Question:1 Wearing many layers of cotton clothes will keep you as warm in winter as wearing a thick woollen sweater. Why? (HINT: Why does wool keep you warm?) Solution: Cotton clothes can let air in. If you wear many layers of cotton clothing, then the effect will be of having a fluffy that can retain air. Since air is a bad conductor of heat, wearing many layers of cotton clothing will keep you warm. This is the same way in which woollen clothing also works. Question:2

LORD BUDDHA PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASS:-VI CHAPTER-3 SUB.-SCIENCE

A news item: 'Silk has come under fire from animal rights activists.' Why? Solution: To obtain silk, silkworm cocoons are boiled in hot water to kill the silkworm. Animal rights activists insist that boiling silkworms alive to kill them is cruel. As a result, silk has come under fire from animal rights activists. Question:3 Why is a spinneret used to make nylon but is not needed to make cotton or wool fibres? Solution: Cotton and wool are both obtained naturally in the fibrous form and no artificial methods are necessary to get these fibres. In contrast, nylon is a synthetic fibre obtained from plastics derived from petroleum. The plastic is first melted at high temperature and then forced out through a device with many holes in it known as a spinneret. Since, nylon is developed from plastic, a spinneret is needed to make nylon fibres. Question:4 Boiling silkworms alive to get silk is just one example of cruelty that we show towards animals. Can you give two more examples? Are humans justified in doing so? Solution: Chickens and Pigs are killed to sell their flesh in the market. No, humans kill animals just to eat them. Humans kill them and sell their flesh and skin just for their benefits.

Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric

Fibres: All cloth materials are made up of long, narrow, thin structures called fibres. Fibres are obtained from natural as well as man-made sources.

Natural Sources: Cotton, jute, silk, wool, etc., are obtained from natural sources- plants or animals.

Man-made Sources: Polyester, nylon, etc., are man-made materials used for making clothes.

Plant fibres: All the plants have fibres in their body structure, e.g., cotton and mango have fibres on their seed, coconut on its fruit, jute in its stem and banana tree in its leaf.

Animal fibres: Important animal fibres are wool (hair of sheep) and silk (from silkworm).

Cotton is the most important industrial crop.

India was the proud inventor of cotton clothing.

Cotton has been used in India since 1800 B.C.

Production: Cotton is grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. Climate required: Cotton plants need warm climate.

Cotton is planted early in the spring.

Black soil is excellent for cottonʼs cultivation.

Cotton bolls: Fruits of cotton plant are spherical-shaped structures of the size of wall nut which are called cotton bolls.

On maturation, cotton bolls burst open, exposing the fibres. ‘

When fibres dry in the sun light, they become fluffy.

Cotton fibres: Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton bolls.

Ginning: The process in which seeds from cotton are pulled out by steel combs is called ginning.

Charkha: Charkha is a machine on which yarn was spun directly from ginned cotton in olden days.

Bales: Ginned cotton is compressed tightly into bundles weighing approximately 200 kg called bales.

Sliver: Raw cotton from bales is cleaned, combed and straightened and finally converted into like strands called sliver. A sliver of cotton is a loose strand or rope of cotton fibres.

Yarn: Sliver is pulled and twisted so that the fibre forms a strong thread or yarn.

Twisting of fibres into yarn increases the cohesion and strength of fibres. Handlooms and powerlooms: In villages, the clothes from cotton are woven on small scale known as handlooms. On large scale, cotton clothes are made by machines known as powerlooms.

Uses of cotton: Cotton is used: in manufacturing of . as an absorbent in hospital. as fillers in mattresses, pillows and quilts. as a main raw material for the manufacturing of rayon and paper industry. Clothes from cotton are extensively used as mops in household and for cleaning machines in industries.

Jute is the most extensively used fibre next to cotton.

It is obtained from the stem of a plant called ‘putsonʼ.

In India, jute is mainly grown in West , Bihar and . Extraction of fibres:

Jute plants are at the time of flowering stage. The cut plants are grouped at different places in the fields for few days when most of the leaves dry up and fall down. Plants are tied into small bundles. Retting: The bundles are made to sink in stagnant water of pond for few days when the gummy skin rots out to separate fibres. The process is called ‘rettingʼ. Fibre is extracted from retted jute by hand, with jerks and pulls. Uses of jute:

Jute is extensively used for making gunny bags, potato sacks, , curtains, coarse clothes, ropes, etc. These days, fine quality of jute is also used for making jute fabrics. Primitive men and women had no idea about clothes. Primitive life was confined mostly to the tropics where the climate was warm and no clothing was needed.

People migrated to colder regions only after the invention of fire.

During stone age, people wore bark, big leaves or animal skins.

People started wearing stitched clothes after the invention of needle about 40,000 to 50,000 years ago.

Cloth making was developed in three stages:

First stage was making cloth from plant fibres, Second stage began with the use of animal fibres, and Third stage began with the development of man-made or synthetic fibres. Type of clothings which we wear is influenced by climate, occupation, culture and daily needs.

Clothing is necessary for the following reasons:

It protects us from wind and weather. It protects us from injury. It maintains the body heat. Woollen and cotton clothes feel rough and that of rayon, nylon or polyester are smooth to touch.

Roughness of cotton and woollen fibres is due to the presence of many folds and uneven surface in it.

Silk, rayon, nylon and polyester are smooth because they have long plain, fine structures.

Cloth is made from threads and threads, in turn, are spun from fibres.

All fibres are not suitable for making cloth. Coconut fibres, for instance, are very hard and can only be used for making ropes or as a in mattresses.

Soft and long fibres like cotton, wool, nylon, etc., are suitable to make yam.

It is advised to wear cotton clothes while working in the kitchen and near fire.

Cotton wool: The lumps of cotton fibres are called cotton wool. It can be used as absorbent, filling quilts, pillows, etc., and making yam.

Fabric: Yam can be woven or knitted manually or by machines into fabric.

Knitting: The process of making fabric from a single yam. Spinning: The process of making yam from fibres.

Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yam together to make a cloth is called weaving.

Cotton wool: Cotton wool is obtained from cotton plant. It is made up of thin cotton fibres.

Fabric: Woven material (cloth) is called fabric.

Fibre: Thread like animal or plant tissue is called a fibre.

Knitting: Knitting is a process of making a piece of fabric from a single yam. Spinning: The process of making yam from fibres is called spinning.

Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yam together to make a fabric is called weaving.

Yarn: Spun fibres are called yarns.

Clothes are made of different materials. We get these materials from both plants and animals.

Identify the materials given below as plants or animal product. Write P for the plant products and A for animal products. Let us learn about how the story of clothing started, the different materials used to make clothes, and how they are made. Answers: Cotton socks, jute rope, silk cloth, lather shoes.

History Of Clothing: About 30,000 years ago, people started using animal skins for clothing. It is believed that wool was used as early as 6000 years ago. Domestication of silkworms to produce silk occurred around 3000 BC in China. In India, cotton came into widespread use around 3000 BC. These fabrics were not stitched. They were just wrapped around the body. Even today, sari, dhoti, and turban are unstitched pieces of cloth. And Fabric: Clothes are made mostly from fibres. Fibres are thin strands of thread, that are woven to make fabric, for example, cotton fabric, silk fabric, etc. The fabric is stitched to make clothes. For example, cotton fabric can be stitched into a cotton frock or a cotton kurta. There are two main processes of making fabric from fibre – weaving and knitting.

Weaving: Weaving involves making fabric by arranging two sets of yarn. It is done using a machine called loom, which can be hand-operated (Fig. 4.1) or power- operated. The in which two sets of threads are arranged in a piece of woven cloth is called a weave (Fig. 4.2).

Knitting: Knitting involves making fabric by forming a series of connected loops of yarn by using knitting needles or machines. Sweaters are made from wool strands by knitting.

Natural And Synthetic Fibres: (Different Types of Fibres) Fibres used to make fabric may be natural or synthetic. Fibres that are obtained from plants or animals are called natural fibres. Examples are cotton, jute, wool, and silk. Fibres that are made by man from chemical substances are called synthetic fibres. Examples are nylon, rayon, polyester, and acrylic. Let us learn more about plant fibres.

Plant Fibres: Cotton (Fig. 4.3), jute, coir, silk cotton, , and are examples of plant fibres. , used to make jeans, is made from cotton.

Cotton: The cotton plant is a shrub. It grows well in black soil and warm climate. It needs moderate rainfall. Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. A variety of products are made from cotton. In India, ‘lchadiʼ, a coarse hand-woven cloth, is made from cotton.

Jute: Jute is a fibre obtained from the bark of the jute plant (Fig. 4.6). It can be grown in different soil types, ranging from clayey to sandy soil. It grows best in loamy soil (mixture of sand, silt, and clay), sandy soil, and clayey soil. It grows well in regions where it rains a lot. Almost 80% of the worldʼs high- quality jute comes from . Bangladesh, India, China, , and Thailand are the main producers of jute.

Other Useful Plant Fibres: There are other important plant fibres as well.

Coir: Coir is the fibre obtained from the outer covering or the husk of the coconut. Usually coconuts are left in water for a few months. The husk is then separated from the nut and beaten with wooden mallets to get the fibre. The fibre thus obtained is spun and dyed and is ready for weaving. Coir is used to make several household products like rope and floor covering and also as a stuffing in mattresses and pillows.

Silk cotton: Silk cotton is another plant fibre that is commonly used as a stuffing in pillow, sleeping bag, and life jacket. This fibre is obtained from the silk cotton tree, also called kapok. The fruits of the kapok tree contain fibres that are light and fluffy (like cotton). When the fruit ripens, it bursts open, releasing the fibres.

Hemp: Hemp fibres are obtained from the stem of the hemp plant. Hemp fibres are used in the production of ropes, carpets, nets, clothes, and paper. Flax Fibres obtained from the stem of the flax plant are woven to make a fabric called . Flax fibres are also used in the production of rope and high-quality paper. Fabric The material made by weaving the threads from fibres is called fabric.

Weaving Weaving involves the making of fabric from yarn.

Ginning The process of separating the cotton fibres from its seeds is called ginning.

Spinning The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.

Retting The process of rotting the stems of the plants in water to remove the sticky substance and separate fibres is called retting. Clothing materials are obtained from both plants and animals.

Fibres are woven to make fabrics and fabrics are stitched to make clothes.

Fibres may be natural or synthetic.

Cotton, jute, coir, silk cotton, hemp, and flax are some plant fibres. 3.Fibre to Fabric

1. Which of the following are obtained from the fleece of animals? a. Jute b. Cotton c. Nylon d. Wool

2. The pod of cotton containing fibres and seeds is called a cotton ____ a. Flower b. Fruit c. Boll d. bloom

3. A fabric is made of ______a. Yarn b. Thread c. Hair d. Coir

4. The thin strands of yarn that we see, are made up of still thinner strands called ______a. Coir b. Thread c. Hair d. Fibre

5. The fibres of some fabrics such as cotton, jute, silk and wool are obtained from plants and animals. These are called a. Natural fibres b. Artificial fibres c. Rayon fibre d. Nylon fibre

6. Cotton is usually picked by hand. Fibres are then separated from the seeds by combing. This process is called ______of cotton. a. Machining b. Ginning c. Raining d. Spinning

7. Jute fibre is obtained from the ______of the jute plant. a. Stem b. Leaves c. Flower d. Fruit

8. The process of making yarn from fibres is called______. a. Weaving b. Spinning c. Knitting d. Looming

9. The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called______. a. Spinning b. Knitting c. Looming d. weaving

10. In ______, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. a. Spinning b. Knitting c. Weaving d. looming

11.FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. The thin strands of thread, that are made up of still thinner strands are called______.

2. Cotton is grown in ______soil.

3. Jute plant is harvested at ______stage.

4. ______is obtained from the fleece of the sheep or goat.

5. To make fabrics, all the fibres are first converted into______. 6. ______and ______are the ways used to make different kinds of fabrics.

7. Silk fibre is drawn from the ______of silkworm.

8. Weaving of fabric is done on ______.

12.CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANWSER

1. Cotton plants are grown at places where climate is ( cold/warm ).

2. Jute crop is cultivated during ( summer/rainy ).

3. Polyester is a ( natural/ synthetic ) fibre. 4. Flax is a ( plant/animal ) fibre.

13.DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

1. Ginning

2. Spinning

3. Weaving

14.Distinguish between Natural fibres and Synthetic fibres. 15.Explain the formation of silk from silkworm. 16.Why do we wear clothes? 17.How can we say that cotton is comfortable in hot and humid climate? 18.Why does jute use for packaging goods? 19.What is shearing? How does it do? 20.What is synthetic fibre? Explain any two examples.