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Dimensional Characteristics Ofjute and Jute-Rayon Blended Fabrics

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Dimensional Characteristics Ofjute and Jute-Rayon Blended Fabrics :r'"' . ! Indian Journal of Textile Research Vol. 14. December 1989, Pp, 164-168 Dimensional characteristics of jute and jute-rayon blended fabrics crosslinked with DMDHEU r-N'C~~m &tA KtMukherjee Applied Chemistry Division, Indian Jute Industries' Research Association,Calcutta 700 OXS;~" ~ , Received 24 July 1989; accepted 4 September 1989 Jute and jute-rayon blended fabrics were crosslinked with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) using metal salt catalysts [MgClz, ZnClz and Zn(NOJ}21, acid catalysts (HCl and CH3COOH) and mixed catalysts (MgCl/HCl and MgCl/CHJCOOH) by the usual pad-dry-cure method and their dimensional characteristics assessed. The crosslinking treatment reduced the % area shrinkage, i.e. improved the dimensional stability of jute and jute-rayon blended fabrics signifi- cantly. The improved dimensional behaviour of treated fabrics has been attributed to the reduction in the elastic property of amorphous regions of cellulose structure. Crosslinking makes such regions behave like orderly oriented regions. t t ~ ; '.j Keywords: Crosslinking, Dif!1_ensional characteristics, Jute, Jute-rayon blended fabric, Dimethyloldi- hydroxyethylene ure'a" ' . I Introduction properties of jute fabrics modified by crosslinking The dimensional stability, i.e. resistance to with few resins in presence of catalyst, it was con- shrinkage or extension on washing, has always sidered worthwhile to study the dimensional behav- been considered important for textile fabrics. It iour of jute and jute-rayon blended fabrics after cross- has become much critical in recent years with the linking them with DMDHEU in presence of different increasing demand for dimensionally stable fa- types of catalyst. Hence, the present study. brics for dress materials, furnishings, upholsteries, etc. Cellulose fabrics such as cotton and rayon 2 Materials and Methods undergo considerable shrinkage after washing. 2.1 Materials Shrinkage or extension depends upon many fac- 2.1.1 Fabrics tors such as the structure of fibre, construction of Grey jute fabric (plain weave, 228 g/rrr', fabric, distortions and tension imposed on the fa- 48 x 48 ends and picks/dm), bleached jute fabric bric during manufacture and wet processing. The (plain weave, 325 g/m-, 60 x 48 ends and picks/ changes in dimensional stability can be reduced drn), and bleached jute-rayon (60:40) blended fa- by fixing the dimension of the fabric in a compre- bric (plain weave, 325 g/rn", 68 x 72 ends and hensive shrinkage machine where the fabric is picks/dm) were used. compacted in a mechanical device, a popular pro- Bleached fabrics were prepared as follows. The cess known as "Sanforizing". In chemical fixation, fabric was cleaned by scouring with 2% sodium the cellulose chains of the fabric are crosslinked carbonate (owf) at 80°C for 30 min. It was then with suitable reagents to improve the dimensional bleached in a laboratory jigger with alkaline hy- stability 1.2. It has been observed that jute fabrics drogen peroxide. This was followed by washing shrink approximately 5-12% in width and 4-15% with water and neutralization with acetic acid to in length. The differential shrinkage in warp and give fabric pH of 6-6.5. weft directions of jute fabric is perhaps caused due to the rather high warp-wise tensions to 2.1.2 Chemicals which the fabrics are subjected during wet pro- Ahuramine YX, an aqueous product containing cessing, whereas the dimensional behaviour of 51 '1<) solid 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene grey fabric shows uniform shrinkage in L,:t1-j warp urea (DMDHEU) was used as the erosslinking and weft directions (Table 1). In view of our earli- agent. er srudies':" showing improved wrinkle recovery Magnesium chloride. zinc chloride. zinc nitrate. r 164 I SOM & MUKHERJEE: CHARACTERISTICS OF JUTE AND JUTE-RAYON FABRICS Table I - Shrinkage behaviour of grey and bleached jute fabrics SI Fabric specifications % Shrinkage after N". 1st wash 2nd wash 3rd wash 4th wash 5th wash Warp Weft Warp Weft Warp Weft Warp Weft Warp Weft way way way way way way way way way way Grey Ends x picks/drn. 4R x 48 7.4 R.) R.2 R.5 8.5 8.8 9.0 R.8 9.0 R.8 Plain weave 228 g/rrr' 2 Bleached Ends x picks/drn, 60 x 48 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 7.2 8.0 7.3 8.5 7.3 8.5 Plain weave 325 g/m- acetic acid and hydrochloric acid (analytical sium chloride and acetic acid (pH of the grade) were used as catalysts. bath adjusted to 2.5), cured at 150°C for 5 min, washed and dried. 2.2 Methods (f) Jute fabric crosslinked with 6% DMDHEU 2.2.1 Measurement of Length-wise and Width-wise and mixed catalyst containing 1% magne- Shrinkage sium chloride and hydrochloric acid (pH of The dimensional changes, i.e. shrinkage or ex- the bath adjusted to 2.5), cured at 150°C tension on washing, of the following samples were for 5 min, washed and dried. studied. 4 Jute-rayon (60:40) fabric samples cross- 1 (a) Jute fabric crosslinked with 2% DMDHEU linked as per samples 3(a)-(f). and 0.5% MgCI2, cured at 150°C for 5 min, washed and dried. The fabric samples l(a)-(f) and 2(a)-(f) were (b) Same as l(a) but crosslinked with 4% tested for the % area shrinkage. DMDHEU and 1% MgCI2• (c) Same as l(a) but crosslinked with 6% The fabric samples of 60 em x 60 em we.re stitched in all four edges to avoid slippage or dIS- DMDHEU and 1.5% MgCI • 2 tortion of the fabric during tests. Samples were (d) Same as l(a) but crosslinked with 8% marked 45 em distance apart in both warp and DMDHEU and 2% MgCI . 2 weft directions. Five markings were made in both (e) Same as l(a) but crosslinked with 10% the directions so that almost entire area of the fa- DMDHEU and 2.5% MgCI • 2 bric samples was covered. All markings were (f) Same as l(a) but crosslinked with 12% made at least 2.5 cm away from the edges of the DMDHEU and 3% MgCl • 2 test specimen. The samples were was~ed in a 2 Jute-rayon (60:40) fabric samples cross- wash wheel having false bottom contamer and linked as per samples l(a)-(f). forward and reverse rotation using 5 g/l neutral 3 (a) Jute fabric crosslinked with 6% DMDHEU soap (material-to-liquir ratio, 1:100) at ~O°C for and 2.4% ZnCl catalyst, cured at 150°C 2 30 min. After washing, the soap solution was for 5 min, washed and dried. drained out and the samples were rinsed twice (b) Same as 3(a) using 2.4% zinc nitrate catal- yst. with water (each time for 10 min) at room tem- perature. The samples were then taken out, ~y- (c) Jute fabric crosslinked with 6% DMDHEU droextracted, dried in a flat bed pressed dner and acetic acid catalyst (pH of the bath ad- (AMERESCO), and conditioned at 67% RH and justed to 2.5), cured at 150°C for 5 min, 25°C. The shrinkage after the first and subsequent washed and dried. washes and drying cycle was calculated as follows: (d) Jute fabric crosslinked with 6% DMDHEU and hydrochloric acid catalyst (pH of the Original length - Final length bath adjusted to 2.5), cured at 150°C for 5 0;' Length-wise shrinkage = _. .. x 100 min, washed and dried. o Original length (e) Jute fabric crosslinked with 6% DMDHEU Original width - Final width x 100 % Width-wise shrinkage and mixed catalyst containing 1% magne- Original width InS INDIAN J. TEXT. RES., VOL 14, DECEMBER 14X4 The average values of 3 tests are reported in The effect of DMDHEU cone. on shrinkage of the results. jute and jute-rayon fabrics on successive washings is shown in Figs 2 and 3 respectively. It is ob- 2.2.2 Measurement or" Area Shrinkage served from these figures that in the fabrics cross- The fabric samples of 60 ern x 60 ern were used linked with more than 4% DMDHEU, the shrin- for % area shrinkage measurement. An area of 30 kage practically ceased after second wash and the em x 30 ern was marked on the fabric samples fabrics approached to stable dimensions. and then the samples were washed in a wash The effects of crosslinking 6% DMDHEU with wheel as reported in 2.2.1. The % area shrinkage jute and 8% DMDHEU with jute-rayon blended in each sample was calculated as follows: fabrics using different types of catalysts on dimen- sional stability are shown in Table 2. It is ob- Original area - Changed area % Area shrinkage = x 100 served from the table that with all the catalysts, Original area the degree of stabilization of dimension in both types of fabrics is very good, particularly in warp The average values of 3 tests are reported ill direction. However, the shrinkage in weft direc- the results. tion is higher than that in warp direction and it 3 Results and Discussion becomes stable in successive washes, i.e. in subse- Jute and jute-rayon (60:40) fabrics crosslinked 9 with a range of DMDHEU add-on using magne- \MJrp way sium chloride as catalyst were assessed for their 8 .>: dimensional stability after each and successive 7 .r: five washings. Fig. 1 shows the effect of concen- ~6~ tration of crosslinking agerit on shrinkage of jute Cl' 5 .x:o and jute-rayon (60:40) fabrics. For all the con- c .r:': .~ 4 centrations, the degree of stabilization in both the .J;; <.fl warp and weft directions was found to be very 3 ~ high.
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