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Home , Maquoketa Formation

3-D Visualization of Bedrock Resources in Lake County, (Sheet 1 of 2) Open File Series 2003-12 Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor

R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E Department of Natural Resources R9E R10E R11E R12E Joel Brunsvold, Director ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William W. Shilts, Chief N N N N N 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 T T T T T N N 5 N N N 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 T T T T T Waukegan .

H Ste.Genevieve Ls 0-80’ C N A I Wauconda St. Louis Ls 0-100’ C N E A M E N A e N S v R I A Salem Fm 0-40’ Sonora Fm 0-20’ a A N E V R I C M E P

h Warsaw Fm 0-100’ Y 4 t P E o I M m S N 4 L N N N

A Borden Sltst m S N A I a E

V 0-600’ 4

S Burlington-Keokuk Ls 0-200’ T 4 M 4 G

? 4 a A S i I N 4 S k 4 4 4 A s I M O a S T I T T k T A

s Starrs Cave Ls 0-10’ a N

. Prospect Hill Sltst 0-25’ Chouteau Ls 0-20’ R K K StrU atigrapMchCraneyiLsc0-60’ Column O

y Hannibal Sh T ’ n 0 a 0 .

b Saverton Sh . R l 3 - C F A E 0 N N P . w Grassy Creek-Sweetland Creek Sh undiff. . m A A e P I I R F S N U

F Sylamore Ss N N . . O O E t Lake Zurich

V Cedar Valley Ls 0-100’ N L a Hoing Ss V V c A G D I E s E D

u NW - Wapsipinicon Ls 0-100’ I R . D D F M E M NE - Detroit River Fm 0-30’ E N N A 3 N G U 4 W Y O A L T C D N N N U N L

? 3 3 Racine Dol 0-300’ 3 3 4 4 4 I 4 N I N A T e T T I T o A I R n a N R U c A L U e I K R L p I S A C p i S G O T L A I N N E Sugar Run Dol 0-30’ W Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Joliet Dol 0-80’ Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Kankakee Dol 0-50’

N Neda Fm 0-15’ Y A N I R A E I R Top of the Maquoketa Formation V D D Elwood Dol 0-30’ O N N

D Brainard Sh 0-100’ O

a Bedrock Topography and Bedrock Geology Thickness of the Maquoketa Formation A N t M Surface Elevation A e X H L k E C L I o L u R Wilhelmi Fm 0-100’ A

q Ft. Atkinson Ls 0-60’ a

M This image of Lake County, Illinois, was acquired by the Landsat 7 satellite on September 6, 1999, and is derived L . L I S G Y Scales Sh 0-135’ H A

N from the panchromatic channel of the L7 Thematic Mapper sensor. The ground spatial resolution S M A I A T

A N

I is 15 m x 15 m (50 ft x 50 ft). The image has been ortho-corrected. N N e N N Dubuque Fm 0-40’ Maquoketa Formation A I o I n C N a E N c I D e ”

C glacial processes significantly The Maquoketa is composed of impermeable E p n Wise Lake Fm 0-80’ N p o i N t A T n A I I e r N

C modified the topography of Lake County. to low permeability shales and dolomites C I T C A I “ I O V - D V D L

O Dunleith Fm 0-135’ a O A E n I

D The sand and gravel beds within these that form an important aquitard between the R D e F l A R T R a C A O G O H N C Guttenberg Dol Map Compilation and glacial deposits are important aquifers for locally recharged aquifer and the A

I Decorah Fm 0-25’ Millbrig K-bent. Bed

K Spechts Ferry Sh

W Quimbys Mill Fm 0-30’ residential development within Lake County. deeper bedrock aquifers. A Interpretation by: H

N Nachusa Fm 0-40’ e l O l A i I v M N These aquifers are commonly discontinuous I e t R t Grand Detour Fm 0-180’ a U l T P Hannes E. Leetaru and are interbedded with lake and till sedi- Mifflin Fm 0-30’ Pecatonica Fm 0-50’ Michael L. Sargent ment that form aquitards. Glenwood Fm 0-75’ Joachim Dol 0-50’ Matthew H. Riggs N l A l I e K c C Dennis R. Kolata

n St. Peter Ss 0-600’ O A R E N T I R I H V W N A L L 3-D Representation of the Surface Topography 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Maquoketa Formation Kress Mbr

Shakopee Dol 0-500’ G I N E R n A e i h C N u A I

d New Richmond Ss 0-150’ X E

? e i B I r i a r P

C Introduction ; O D A Oneota Dol 0-300’ R10E R11E R12E R11E R12E M According to the 2000 Census, Lake County is one of the fastest-growing coun- R9E R9E R10E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E E R T ties in Illinois. Rapid urban expansion and its impact on the environment and mineral resourc- Gunter Ss 0-25’ N

A es requires increasingly more detailed information about the bedrock geology in order to make

U Eminence Dol 0-200’ A E L

A informed planning decisions. In particular, the bedrock is a major source of water for residen- E P

M Potosi Dol 0-250’ E N tial, municipal, and industrial use. Consequently, key issues facing Lake County include the N N N R T 6 6 6 6 4 4 4

quality, quantity, distribution, and accessibility of bedrock groundwater resources. Other poten- 4 T T k T T u N a A Franconia Fm 50-400’ tial bedrock issues include underground construction as well as mineral resource assessment I S N O C N N N

A and management. R A I I A Davis Sh E R R P R F P B B U M M Ironton Ss 50-100’ A A C C Lake County is situated on the eastern flank of the southward-plunging Arch and in Galesville Ss 40-100’ the far western part of the Michigan Basin. All Paleozoic formations dip eastward away from 8 N N N N N the arch. Silurian rocks thicken eastward into the Michigan Basin and the underlying 5 A 5 5 5 X I 4 4 O 4 4 R Proviso Sltst and strata thicken southward into the . An exploratory hole drilled in T C T . T T T S the northeastern part of the county (U.S. Geological Survey No. 1 Illinois Beach State Park) Eau Claire Fm 300-750’ penetrated approximately 3,400 feet of Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian sedimentary rocks Lombard Dol

N (primarily of dolomite, sandstone, and shale) before encountering granite. The

A 0 40mi I H

C 0 50km A bedrock is covered throughout the county by 75 to 300 feet of unconsolidated surficial deposits B

S Elmhurst Ss E R

D consisting of clay, silt, sand and gravel formed primarily by glacial processes. Silurian dolomite N is present at the bedrock surface over the entire county, ranging in thickness from less than 20 N N N N 4 4 4 feet in the southwestern part to more than 300 feet on the far eastern side. Silurian dolomite 4 4 4 4 4 T T T forms the uppermost bedrock aquifer in Lake County. The upper part of the dolomite has a T large number of fractures, crevices, and solution cavities which tend to yield moderate amounts N

A of water. Higher yields are obtained from the more deeply buried St. Peter Sandstone, Ironton-

I Index Map R B

M Galesville Sandstone, and the upper part of the Mt. Simon Sandstone (Larsen, 1973). A C Purpose The principal objective of this mapping effort is to compile a subsurface database that can be N N N N 3 3 3 used to depict in three dimensions the thickness, distribution, and structure of the major bed- 3 4 4 4 4 T T T rock units in Lake County. Such a database can be used to produce 3-D maps and cross sec- T tions down to the top of the Precambrian crystalline rocks. It is anticipated that the database and the maps and models produced from the database will provide important insight to subsur- Contour Interval: 25 ft Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft face conditions in Lake County. 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Miles Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Methods Formation tops were determined for approximately 1,600 drill hole records on file at the Illi- Bedrock Topography Thickness of Silurian Thickness of the Galena-Platteville Interval Mt. Simon Ss 500-3,000+’ Top of the Galena nois State Geological Survey. The information was entered into a digital database and used to compile county-wide structure and thickness maps, cross sections, 3-D block diagrams, and a stratigraphic column. The data are displayed in Lambert Conformable projection. Silurian Galena-Platteville Interval Silurian rocks, consisting mainly of pure to In this study, the Galena and Platteville are N N silty dolomite, form the most important bed- combined into a single map unit because rock aquifer supplying residences in Lake they have similar physical characteristics. In County. Local porosity and permeability is Lake County, these rocks consist of relatively mainly the result of fractures and dissolution pure fine- to medium-grained dolomite with cavities in the dolomite. There is little to no low permeability and porosity. matrix porosity; therefore the dolomite does not have adequate capacity for municipal wa- ter wells. The water is recharged locally from precipitation and is susceptible to groundwa- ter contamination. PRECAMBRIAN 1,500 to 1,420 Ma Middle granite and rhyolite 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Galena-Platteville Interval 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Silurian Age Strata 3-D Visualization of Bedrock Resources in Lake County, Illinois (Sheet 2 of 2) Open File Series 2003-12 R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E

This presentation includes the following: N N N N 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 T T T T 1. Landsat 7 Satellite Image - Obtained on September 6, 1999, from Panchromatic channel of the L7 Thematic Mapper sensor.

2. Land Surface Topography - The land surface throughout Lake County and surrounding areas of northeastern Illinois was shaped by advancing and retreating glaciers mainly during the past

N 20,000 . Glacial deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel cover the Silurian bedrock. The sand N N N 5 5 5 5

4 and gravel locally forms productive aquifers whereas the clay and silt tends to impede the move- 4 4 4 T T T T ment of water.

3. Bedrock Topography and Geology - The sea level elevation of the top of bedrock is derived from drill-hole records. The bedrock surface in Lake County lies on top of Silurian dolomite formations and below unconsolidated glacial deposits. N N N N 4. Structure Contours - This series of maps shows lines of equal sea-level elevations for selected 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 bedrock units including the (1) Maquoketa, (2) Galena (Trenton), (3) Ancell, (4) Ironton-Galesville, T T T T (5) Eau Claire, and (6) Mt. Simon.

5. Thickness (isopach) Contours - These maps show lines of equal thickness for the (1) Silurian dolomite formations, (2) Maquoketa, (3) Galena and Platteville, (4) base of the Ancell to the top of the Ironton-Galesville, (5) Ironton-Galesville, and (6) Eau Claire. N N N N 6. Cross Sections - Landmark’s Zmap+ and Stratamodel software were used to construct the 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 fence diagrams of selected bedrock units. T T T T 7. 3-D Block Diagrams - This series of diagrams was also prepared with Landmark Zmap+ and

Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft Stratamodel software and shows individual block models of the (1) Silurian dolomite formations Contour Interval: 25 ft Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Reference Elevation: Sea Level 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Miles Miles Miles Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level undifferentiated, (2) Maquoketa, (3) Galena-Platteville, (4) Ancell, (5) Ironton-Galesville, and (6) Eau Claire. Top of the Ancell Formation Thickness of the Ancell to Ironton Formations Top of the Thickness of the Eau Claire Formation 8. Stratigraphic column shows lithologic symbols, thicknesses, and lithostratigraphic and chro- nostratigraphic nomenclature.

Ancell Formation Eau Claire Formation In Lake County, the Ancell consists primarily N The Eau Claire consists of a silty, argilla- N of medium-grained St. Peter Sandstone. It ceous dolomitic sandstone. It is an important is a moderately important groundwater re- aquitard that separates the underlying Mt. source, but its permeability and yield are not Simon from the Ironton-Galesville. as high as the underlying Ironton-Galesville or Mt. Simon Sandstones. References Bushbach, T.C., 1964, Cambrian and Ordovician strata of northeastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Report of Investigations 218, 90 p.

Hughes, G.M, P. Kraatz, and R.A. Landon, 1966, Bedrock aquifers of north- 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Eau Claire Formation 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Ancell Formation to Ironton Formation eastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 406, 15 p.

Larsen, J.I., 1973, Geology for planning in Lake County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 481, 43 p. - R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E R9E R10E R11E R12E N N N 6 6 6 4 4 4 T T T Cross sections through stratigraphic units in Lake County illustrating the morphology of important aquifers and aquitards.

Quaternary Silurian Maquoketa Galena N N N Ancell 5 5 5 Ironton 4 4 4 Eau Claire T T T Mt. Simon

N N N N 4 4 4 4 4 4 T T T

N

Cross sections through the uppermost strati-

N graphic units in Lake County. The Quaternary N N 3 3 3 4

4 and Silurian are important aquifers for resi- 4 Silurian

T Quaternary T T dential use. Maquoketa

0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Contour Interval: 25 ft 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Miles Contour Interval: 25 ft Reference Elevation: Sea Level Miles Miles Reference Elevation: Sea Level Top of the Ironton Formation Thickness of the Ironton-Galesville Interval Top of the Mt. Simon Sandstone Acknowledgments Ironton-Galesville Mt. Simon Sandstone Curtis Abert, Donald Luman, and Christopher McGarry helped to develop this series of maps. Part of The Ironton-Galesville consists of clean, The Mt. Simon is the deepest aquifer in the the mapping was done using Landmark Graphics software as part of the Landmark University Grant medium- to coarse-grained, partly dolomitic county and consists of nearly 2,000 feet of program to the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. N sandstone and has the most consistently fine- to coarse-grained sandstone. The wa- high permeability values of all bedrock units ter quality diminishes with depth. in northeastern Illinois. It is the most impor- tant bedrock aquifer in the county and mu- nicipal wells can obtain relatively large water Disclaimer supplies with high flow rates. This series of maps was prepared for the purposes of geological mapping, resource evaluation, and regional planning. It is based on interpretation of available data obtained from a variety of sources. Locations have not been field verified nor have the data been rigorously reviewed. The Illinois State Geological Survey does not guarantee the accuracy of the unverified data and the interpretations based upon them. 3-D Representation of the Thickness of the Ironton-Galesville Interval stratastrata