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From Brachiopods to Big Bluestem

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From Brachiopods to Big Bluestem Geological Society of Iowa ______________________________________ November 8, 2003 Guidebook 74 Cover photograph : Iowa Geological Survey geologists Rick Langel and Brian Witzke exam- ine the Silurian limestones of the Waucoma Formation at the Glover Creek Backbone at Echo Valley State Park, Fayette County, Iowa. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF VOLGA RIVER STATE RECREATION AREA AND ECHO VALLEY STATE PARK, FAYETTE COUNTY, IOWA edited by: Raymond R. Anderson and Richard J. Langel Iowa Geological Survey Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319 with contributions by: Raymond R. Anderson Joe A. Artz Iowa Geological Survey Office of the State Archaeologist Iowa Department Natural Resources University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319 Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Dave Moeller Heldur Nestor Fisheries Bureau Institute of Geology Iowa Department Natural Resources Tallinn Technical University 22693 205th Ave. Estonia pst. 7 Manchester, Iowa 52057 Tallinn 10143, Estonia John Pearson Jerry Reisinger Conservation & Recreation Division Parks, Recreation and Preserves Division Iowa Department of Natural Resources Iowa Department Natural Resources Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0034 913 W. Main Street Manchester, Iowa 52057 Carl W. Stock Department of Geological Sciences Stephanie Tassier-Surine University of Alabama Iowa Geological Survey Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0338 Iowa Department Natural Resources Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319 Brian J. Witzke Iowa Geological Survey Iowa Department Natural Resources Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319 November 8, 2003 Geological Society of Iowa Guidebook 74 ii Geological Society of Iowa TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to the Natural History of Volga River StateRecreaction Area and Echo Valley State Park, Fayette County, Iowa Raymond R. Anderson............................................................................................................................. 1 A Brief History of Fayette County, Iowa Raymond R. Anderson............................................................................................................................. 3 Volga Lake: A History of Politics and Science Raymond R. Anderson............................................................................................................................. 7 A brief developmental history of Echo Valley State Park Jerry Reisinger....................................................................................................................................... 11 Trout Fishing in Echo Valley State Park Dave Moeller ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Vegetation of the Volga River State Recreation Area John Pearson .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Historic Vegetation ........................................................................................................... 17 Modern Vegetation ........................................................................................................... 19 Northern Mixed Hardwoods ......................................................................................... 19 White Oak - Red Oak.................................................................................................... 19 Black Oak – Bur Oak - Hickory ................................................................................... 19 Red Cedar – Bur Oak.................................................................................................... 19 Bottomland Hardwoods ................................................................................................ 19 Other ............................................................................................................................. 19 Comparison of Historic and Modern Vegetation.............................................................. 21 Former prairie area........................................................................................................ 21 Former forest area......................................................................................................... 23 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................. 24 Archaeology and Geoarchaeology of the Volga River State Recreation Area Joe Alan Artz ......................................................................................................................................... 27 The Studies ....................................................................................................................... 27 Archaeological Results ..................................................................................................... 27 Geoarchaeological Results................................................................................................ 28 Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................................... 33 References Cited ............................................................................................................... 33 Quaternary Materials of the Volga River State Recreation Area Stephanie A. Tassier-Surine .................................................................................................................. 35 Landform Region.............................................................................................................. 35 “Driftless” Area ............................................................................................................ 35 Paleozoic Plateau .......................................................................................................... 36 Iowan Surface ............................................................................................................... 37 Quaternary Deposits.......................................................................................................... 37 Description of Materials along the Lima Trail.............................................................. 37 Soil Map Comparison ................................................................................................... 38 Discussion......................................................................................................................... 38 References......................................................................................................................... 39 iii Guidebook 74 Bedrock Geology at Echo Valley Park and Volga River State Recreation Area Fayette County, Iowa Brian J. Witzke ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 41 Lower Silurian Strata (ledges and cliffs of dolomite and limestone)................................ 41 Tete des Morts Formation............................................................................................. 42 Waucoma Formation..................................................................................................... 44 Introduction............................................................................................................... 44 Distribution and Thickness ....................................................................................... 46 Description................................................................................................................ 46 Fossils ....................................................................................................................... 47 Stratigraphic Relations.............................................................................................. 47 Age............................................................................................................................ 48 Deposition................................................................................................................. 48 Why Limestone? ....................................................................................................... 49 Undifferentiated Blanding – Lower Hopkinton Strata.................................................. 49 Upper Ordovician Strata (mostly covered slopes) ............................................................ 50 Maquoketa Formation................................................................................................... 50 Field Trip .......................................................................................................................... 51 References......................................................................................................................... 51 Stromatoporoids in the Aeronian (Llandovery, Lower Silurian) of the US Mid-Continent Carl W. Stock and Heldur Nestor .......................................................................................................... 55 Stromatoporoid Faunas ..................................................................................................... 55 Summary........................................................................................................................... 56 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ 56 References........................................................................................................................
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