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The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch

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The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch International Geoscience Programme Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett – Kyle R. Hartshorn – Allison L. Young – Cameron E. Schwalbach – Alycia L. Stigall International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - 2018 - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Kyle R. Hartshorn Dry Dredgers, 6473 Jayfield Drive, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA ([email protected]) Allison L. Young Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Cameron E. Schwalbach 1099 Clough Pike, Batavia, OH 45103, USA ([email protected]) Alycia L. Stigall Department of Geological Sciences and OHIO Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Lab, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA ([email protected]) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Chris Aucoin, Ben Dattilo, Brad Deline, Rebecca Freeman, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Pat McLaughlin, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Ries, Tom Schramm, and James Thomka. No less gratitude goes to the many local collectors, amateurs in name only: Jack Kallmeyer, Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Stephen Felton, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions of the Cincinnatian, and to Richard A. Davis for his very helpful online Bibliography on the Type-Cincinnatian (faculty.msj.edu/davisr/cintian/biblio.htm). CB also acknowledges, as always, help with photography editing and support from Betty-Lou Brett; CB’s past research on Ordovician was supported by grants from the Petroleum Research Fund, American Chemical Society, from NSF grant 0819715 and a grant from the Hess Corporation. Finally, we thank the IGCP 653 2018 organizing committee for hosting this conference, reviewing parts of this manuscript, and supporting our mildly ambitious field trip plans. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 The Cincinnati Arch .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Historical Study ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Late Ordovician Tectonic and Paleoenvironmental Setting ...................................................................................... 4 STRATIGRAPHIC OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 7 Sandbian-Katian Sequence Stratigraphy of the Cincinnati Arch............................................................................... 8 General Model of Sequence Stratigraphy ............................................................................................................. 8 Sequence Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ 9 The Mohawkian Series ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Sequences M1? - M3: Camp Nelson Formation and Oregon Formation ........................................................... 10 Sequence M4: Tyrone Formation ....................................................................................................................... 11 The M4-M5 Sequence Boundary: Base of the Lexington Formation .................................................................. 11 Sequence M5A: Curdsville and Logana Members of the Lexington Limestone ................................................. 12 Sequence M5B: Grier Member of the Lexington Limestone (in part) ................................................................. 12 Sequence M5C: Upper Grier and Macedonia Member of the Lexington Limestone .......................................... 12 Sequence M6A: Perryville, Brannon, and Donerail Members of the Lexington Limestone ............................... 14 Sequence M6B: Sulphur Well, Stamping Ground/Strodes Creek, and lower Devils Hollow Members of the Lexington Limestone ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Sequence M6C: Upper Devils Hollow and Bromley Members of the Lexington Limestone ............................... 16 The Point Pleasant Problem .................................................................................................................................... 17 The Type Cincinnatian Series ................................................................................................................................. 18 Sequence C1: River Quarry beds and Kope Formation ..................................................................................... 20 Sequence C2: Fairview Formation / Calloway Creek Formation and Miamitown Shale .................................. 21 Sequence C3: Bellevue and Corryville Members of the Grant Lake Formation ................................................. 23 Sequence C4: Mount Auburn Member of the Grant Lake Formation and Arnheim Formation ......................... 24 Sequence C5: Lower to Middle Waynesville Formation ..................................................................................... 26 Sequence C5A: Fort Ancient Member of the Waynesville Formation ................................................................ 26 Sequence C5B: Clarksville Member of the Waynesville Formation ................................................................... 27 The C5-C6 Sequence Boundary: The mid Richmondian unconformity ............................................................... 28 Sequence C6: Upper Waynesville and Liberty Formations ................................................................................ 28 Sequence C6A: Blanchester Member of the Waynesville Formation / upper Rowland Member of the Drakes Formation ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 Sequence C6B: Liberty Formation / Bardstown Member of the Drakes Formation ........................................... 30 i Sequence C7: Whitewater Formation / Preachersville Member of the Drakes Formation ................................ 32 Sequence C7A: Lower Whitewater Formation ................................................................................................... 32 Sequence C7B: Saluda and Upper Whitewater Formation (in part) .................................................................. 32 Sequence C8: Uppermost Whitewater Formation and Elkhorn Formation ........................................................ 33 Overlying Strata ...................................................................................................................................................... 34 Chemostratigraphic Approaches ............................................................................................................................. 35 Biostratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch ........................................................................... 38 CINCINNATIAN PALEOECOLOGY AND PALEOBIOLOGY .............................................................................. 39 The Late Ordovician Fauna of the Cincinnati Arch ................................................................................................ 40 Algae ................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Cnidarians .......................................................................................................................................................... 41 Sponges ............................................................................................................................................................... 41 Bryozoans ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Brachiopods ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Echinoderms ....................................................................................................................................................... 43 Annelids and Other “Vermes” ...........................................................................................................................
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