s G£0l0GfCAl f' 14.GS: ILUMOtS CIR 528 SURVEY LIBRARY c.4 OSTRATIGRAPHY ----er AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MAQUOKETA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN) IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS
Dennis R. Kolata and Anne M. Graese
Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources CIRCULAR 528 STATE GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY DIVISION 1983 Cover photo: Slab of Brainard dolomite from near Pearl City, Stephenson County, Illinois (locality 6), containing numerous specimens of St rophomena sp.
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS/1983/3000
Kolata, Dennis R. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Maquo keta Group (Ordovician) in northern Illinois Dennis R. Kolata I and Anne M. Graese. - Champaign, IL : Illinois State Geological Survey, 1983.
49 p. ; 28 cm. - (Circular Illinois State Geological Survey I Division ; 528)
1. Maquoketa Group-Illinois. Geology, Stratigraphic-Ordovician. 2. I. Graese, Anne M. Title. Series. 11. 111.
Illustrator: Craig Ronto Editor: St enzel £. W. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MAQUOKETA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN) IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS
Dennis R. Kolata and Anne M. Graese
l.LBNots GfOlOGBCA1 SURVEY lU:JRAAY
CIRCULAR ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY 528 Robert E. Bergstrom, Chief 1983 Natural Resources Building East Peabody Drive 615 Champaign, Illinois 61820
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT FIGU RES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 1. Thickness of the Maquoketa Group in the Midcontinent 2 INTRODUCTION 2 2. Wells and outcrops used in this study 3 METHODS OF STU DY 3 3. General stratigraphic relations of the Maquoketa Group in northern Illinois 4 LITHOST RAT IGRAPHY OF THE MAQUOKETA GROUP 4 4. Classification of the Ordovician System in Illinois 5 Distribution and Thickness 5 5. Structure map of the top of the Franconia Formation 6 Age and Correlation 5 6. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from Rock Island County to Kankakee County, Illinois 8 STRUCTU RAL FRAMEWORK OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS 6 7. Scales Formation type section 9 8. Cross section shows correlations between key basal SCA LES FORMATION Maquoketa outcrops in northwestern linois 10 7 11 Lithology 11 9. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from Milwaukee Distribution and Thickness 13 County, Wisconsin, to Kankakee County, Illinois 10 Stratigraphic Relations 14 10. X-ray diffraction pattern of clay fraction in Scales shale 12 Geophysical Log Characteristics 14 11. Radiograph of Scales shale 12 Faunal Characteristics 18 12. Lithofacies interpretation of the Scales Formation 13 Argo-Fay Bed 18 13. Scales Mound Northeast Section 14 14. Mt. Carroll Southwest Section 15 FORT AT KINSON FORMATION 18 15. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from Cook County, Lithology 18 Illinois, to Parker County, Indiana 15 Distribution and Thickness 20 16. Characteristic fossils of the Maquoketa Group 16 Stratigraphic Relations 20 17. Characteristic fossils of the Maquoketa Group 17 Geophysical Log Characteristics 22 18. Lithofacies interpretation of the Fort Atkinson Faunal Characteristics 22 Formation 19 19. Photomicrograph of crinoid-bryozoan lime grainstone BRAINARD FORMAT ION 22 from Fort Atkinson Formation 20 Lithology 22 20. Fort Atkinson Formation at the Divine Section 21 Distribution and Thickness 24 21. Fort Atkinson strata along Du Page River 21 Stratigraphic Relations 25 22. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from De Kalb Geophysical Log Characteristics 25 County to Cook County, Illinois 22 Faunal Characteristics 26 23. X-ray diffraction pattern of clay fraction in Brainard shale 23 NEDA FORMATION 27 24. Maquoketa Group in Hillside Quarry, Cook County 24 Lithology 29 25. Lithofacies interpretation of the Brainard Formation 25 Distribution and Thickness 29 26. Wacker Southeast Section 26 . Stratigraphic Relations 30 27. Angular unconformity in Hillside Quarry, Cook County 27 Geophysical Log Characteristics 31 28. Radiograph of Brainard dolomite 28 Age and Correlation 31 29. Radiograph of Brainard shale 28 30. Radiograph of Neda shale 29 DEPOSIT IONAL ENVI RONMENTS 31 31. Photomicrograph of dolomitic Neda shale 30 Scales Formation 31 32. Distribution of Neda Formation 30 Fort Atkinson Formation 32 Brainard Formation 32 PLATES Neda Formation 32 1a. Thickness of the Maquoketa Group in northern Illinois 1 b. Thickness of the Scales Formation REFERENCES 34 1c. Thickness of the Fort Atkinson Formation APPENDIX A. Geologic sections of selected outcrops 36 1d. Thickness of the Brainard and Neda Formations APPENDIX B. Well records 39 2. Fence diagram of the Maquoketa Group
LITHOSTRA TIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE MAQUOKETA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN) IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS
Dennis R. Kolata and Anne M. Graese
ABSTRACT Neda Formation-a blackish red to very dusky The Cincinnatian (late Ordovician) Maquoketa Group in red, silty, hematitic shale containing flattened, the 25-county area of northern Illinois consists primarily concentrically layered, iron-oxide spheroids about of olive -gray and greenish gray shale and some dolomite 0.50 millimeters in diameter. and limestone; the group is generally about 200 feet (60 m) thick. Due to post-Silurian erosion, the Maquoketa is In northwestern Illinois, where the Fort Atkinson For missing in north - central Illinois. It rests disconformably mation grades to shale, the entire stratigraphic section is on the Galena Dolomite Group and is disconformably referred to as the Maquoketa Group undifferentiated. overlain by Silurian strata, which locally truncate the The Maquoketa was deposited on a broad shelf in a upper part of the Maquoketa. Where the Silurian was widespread epicontinental sea. Most Scales sediments removed by erosion, the Maquoketa is overlain by strata accumulated in relatively deep, oxygen-poor water that of Pennsylvanian or Pleistocene age. was infrequently mixed. Local deposits of phosphorite The Maquoketa Group is divided into four formations were probably formed by upwelling of phosphate-rich in northern Illinois, in ascending order: water at the continental margin. Near the end of Scales deposition, there was a gradual shallowing of the sea in Scales Formation-a mainly light olive-gray to northern Illinois and a reduced influx of terrigenous material. olive- black, silty, calcareous, laminated to intensely The relatively pure, fossiliferous carbonates of the suc bioturbated shale, locally containing biogenic ceeding Fort Atkinson Formation were deposited in shal carbonates and phosphorite. The Argo-Fay Bed low, well aerated water of normal marine salinity. The (new stratigraphic unit) is a 1 to 2 foot (0.3 to Brainard Formation records two depositional environments: 0.6 m) bed of hard, brownish black to black, the base largely marks a change to pre dominantly shale carbonaceous, fissile clayshale that occurs in the deposition in a relatively deep, oxygen-poor environment; lower part of the Sca les in northwestern llinois. while in the upper Brainard, the locally abundant and 1 diverse fauna indicate shallower, more aerated conditions. Fort Atkinson Formation-a light ol ive-gray to The Neda appears to be, in part, a product of lateritic olive-gray and yellowish brown to dark yellowish weathering during the Richmondian (late Ordovician) brown, pure to argillaceous, crinoid-bryozoan glacio-eustatic drop in sea level. brachiopod lime or dolomite packstone and grainstone, and to a lesser extent, wackestone. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank H. B. Willman, T. C. Buschbach, Elwood Ather Brainard Formation-a mainly greenish gray to ton, Robert B. Votaw, and John B. Droste for suggestions dark greenish gray, silty, fossil iferous, calcareous during this investigation. Mary H. Barrows conducted the shale with interbeds of dolomite or limestone. reflected light analyses and assisted with the field work.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS INTRODUCT ION As the general characteristics of the Maquoketa rocks The Cincinnatian (late Ordovician) Maquoketa Group, a in northern Illinois factor into many geologic and engi body of predominantly olive- gray and greenish gray shale, neering problems, detailed lithologic and stratigraphic and lesser amounts of limestone and dolomite, is distributed information is essential. For example, groundwater move over a large part of the Midcontinent, including Illinois ment is greatly influenced by local stratigraphic variations (fig. 1 ). The Maquoketa is part of a wedge of terrigenous of the Maquoketa. Because of its generally low hydraulic elastic rocks that thicken eastward toward the Appalachian conductivity, the Maquoketa limits the vertical movement region. In the 23-county study area of northernmost Illinois of groundwater, and as a result, is the main confining (fig. 2). the Maquoketa is approximately 200 feet (60 m) stratigraphic unit in the area. Its effectiveness as an aqui thick and occurs at or shortly below the bedrock surface, tard, however, is largely related to variations in lithology, except in the north-central part of the state where erosion thickness, and distribution of the formations that compose has removed part or all of it. The Maquoketa covers approx the Maquoketa. In engineering projects such as excavations 2 imately 9,000 square miles (23,400 km ) and has a volume for foundations, highways, dams, and tunnels, the physical of about 350 cubic miles of strata in these counties (fig. 2). properties of the Maquoketa area a major consideration.
NOR TH DAKOTA (I \
------/ ! ( \ MINNESOTA I I SOUTH DA KOTA � '
----
MISSOURI
K KENTUC Y
/ ------____ jI / I ---- - � --
OKLAHOMA TENNESSEE I j/.
I/,...... / ISGS 1982
Figure Thickness of the Maquoketa and equivalent strata in the Midcontinent, based on data from Adler et al. (1971), Nebraska and Kansas; 1. Cohee (1948) , Mich igan and northwestern Ohio; Gray (1972). Indiana; Parker (1971), Iowa; Howard R. Schwalb (personal communication, 1982), Kentucky; and Willman et al. (1975), part of Illinois.
2 ILUNOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 -' ,..+-' E� - �LAK ESS --- S'.EPHEN-si:m - - .� •Cl �m ' + G ' MC HENRY . -r;�A ;y BOONE · : ; L• - · · ·• •1 · • I 1 • • • cl• :1!64 �1 1' 1 ! • ! • -• • I . • ' f l • i \ • ! 1 • I e e • le• e ' ...• �,• ' : l • •• ,.. . : < I ' • • I , :\.... • : \ , • 7:• !I· .,. • \ -'-
o Geophysical log ffi> • Core 't==i==="'°C::::=:J20�=:3'30'==::J40 10 20 30 40 50 km • Drilling chip samples E3 E=3
• Driller's log
ISGS 1982
Figure 2. Counties in northern Ill inois where the Maquoketa Group occurs; locations of wells and outcrops used in this study.
The stratigraphy has been of particular importance in mostly drill cuttings, were studied and plotted on com construction of the deep tunnel system for flood and puter-constructed base maps (ILLIMAP, Swann et al., pollution control in the greater Chicago area, and in the 1970) of 1 :250,000 scale. Generally no more than two excavation of caverns in the Maquoketa near Kankakee, wells per township were examined. In 1980 and 1981, 23 Naperville, and Lemont for the underground storage of outcrops were described, sampled, measured, and searched liquid petroleum products. Future projects such as waste for fossils. The types of data used and their distribution are disposal, gas storage, and compressed-air energy storage will shown in figure 2, and the wells and outcrops that support undoubtedly require detailed lithologic and stratigraphic this investigation are listed in Appendixes A and B. information on the Maquoketa Group in northern Illinois. Stratigraphic correlation within the Maquoketa of This investigation concentrates on the lithostratigraphy northern Illinois has been accomplished through a network and depositional environments of the Maquoketa Group in of cross sections based primarily on geophysical logs supple northern Illinois. The principal objectives of this report are mented with studies of cores and drill cuttings. Litho (1) to describe the lithology, thickness, and distribution logic interpretations of the geophysical logs are based on of the four formations that compose the Maquoketa direct comparison of the logs to cores or drill-cutting Group, (2) to show the areal distribution of the various samples. Geophysical logs from Iowa, Wisconsin, and lithofacies within the formation, (3) to note the distribu Indiana were also helpful in correlating. Key geophysical tion of macrofossils, (4) to interpret the depositional horizons which appear principally as discontinuities in environments, and (5) to describe important reference plots of electrical resistivity, gamma ray, and sonic velocity sections in outcrops. data, are widely traceable markers reflecting major litho logic changes. These geophysical horizons approximate bedding planes; for practical purposes, they are considered METHODS OF STUDY to be isochronous surfaces. Outcrops, cores, drill cuttings, geophysical surveys, and Methods used to study the lithology and mineralogy drillers' logs provided information for the maps presented of rock samples include binocular microscope examination in this investigation. Data from more than 350 drill holes, of cores, drilling chips, and outcrop specimens in addition
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 3 o.. :::!!:UJ UJ en :::> I- 0:: 0 FORMATIONS en UJ o:: � en (.!)
Northwest North-Central Northeast
z <( z <( 15 0:: :::> z _J <( UJ>< en _J <( I ")
�I I -::> Brainard Formation - -- --
eQ) Maquoketa -"' z 0 Group z <( :i undifferentiated <( C" j:: "' u 5 <( :::!!: I I ----.= > z c I I LJ 0 z Cl u 0:: z 0 u
- - _ <7'--"--'-7--L.Z_��
Argo - Fay Bed - _- _---=-
"' 1'--,---'-�--'-�-L-�-L-�--'----r--'---h-'--�L-�-'-�-'--r--'-�-L--.+--'---r-'--r-'--�.L--y--'--.,--''--,....-l c: Q)
t--r--L--,r--'--r--'--r-'--.,--'--,--'--h--'--.,-L---,,--''--,-.L--,---'----r__J.�.-+'--...... -...L..--,.--'----r---''--,-"'--,--'--.,-4.l � ISGS 1982
Figure General stratigraphic relations of the Maquoketa Group in northern Illinois. 3. to x-ray diffraction, x-ray radiography, and thin-section term Maquoketa subsequently spread to Illinois, Wisconsin, petrography. Classification of the carbonate rocks is based Minnesota, Missouri, and Indiana. The Maquoketa is pres on Dunham (1962). Color was determined from wet ently recognized as a group throughout Illinois (Templeton specimens under natural and incandescent light using the and Willman, 1963; Buschbach, 1964; Willman et al., 1975) Munsell color system. and Indiana (Gutstadt, 1958; Gray, 1972). Templeton and Willman (1963) divided the Maquoketa Group of northern Illinois into four formations, in ascending LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY order: (1) the Scales Formation, predominantly olive-gray OF THE MAQUOKETA GROUP shale that is the eastward extension of the combined The rock unit term Maquoketa was first proposed by Elgin and Clermont Members of Iowa; (2) the Fort Atkin White (1870) for exposures of partly bluish and brownish, son Formation, mainly bioclastic dolomite and limestone; calcareous shales situated along the Maquoketa River (3) the Brainard Formation, primarily greenish gray shale approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Dubuque, in with interbeds of fossiliferous limestone and dolomite; and Dubuque County, Iowa. Calvin (1 906) later recognized four (4) the Neda Formation, mainly dusky red shale containing members of the Maquoketa in Iowa: the Elgin, Clermont, flattened iron-oxide spheroids or oolites. These same Fort Atkinson, and Brainard, in ascending order. Use of the divisions are maintained in this report. In northwestern
4 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 SERIES STAGES Illinois where the Fort Atkinson Formation grades to Groups shale, the entire stratigraphic section is referred to as the RICHMONDIAN Maquoketa Maquoketa Group undifferentiated. The distribution and CINCINNATIAN MAYSVILLIAN relationships of the formations in northwestern, north
central, and northeastern Illinois are shown in figure 3. �UJ EDENIAN In northern Illinois the Maquoketa disconformably f- Cl) SHERMANIAN overlies the Galena Dolomite Group and disconformably >- z Cl)
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 5 0
10 20
10 20 30 40
ISGS 1982
Figure 5. Structure map of the top of the Franconia Formation in northern Illinois (compiled by D. R. Kolata, D. Treworgy, and T. C. J. Buschbach).
The precise position of the stage boundaries has not species found at the base of the Maquoketa in Iowa first yet been determined for the Upper Mississippi Valley occur in the Fort Atkinson in Wisconsin. He concluded that Region. It does seem certain, however, that the lower, the Maquoketa Group is time transgressive in an east-west boundary of the Edenian Stage lies within the upper part direction; each member is younger in the western part of of the Galena Group, possibly as low as the Wise Lake Wisconsin than in the eastern part. To confirm the time Formation, rather than at the Galena-Maquoketa contact transgressive hypothesis, a more detailed study is needed, as suggested by Templeton and Willman (1963) and Willman encompassing a larger area of the Upper Mississippi Valley et al. (1975). This is based primarily on the first occurrence and including more localities and photographs of key speci of Amorphognathus ordovicicus, indicative of fauna 11 mens. In general, further study is necessary to provide a (Sweet, Ethington, and Barnes, 1971; Sweet and Bergstrom, reliable biostratigraphic framework for regional correlations. 1976) and of the Cincinnatian Series, which has been reported from the upper part of the Galena in southeastern STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK Minnesota (Webers, 1966) and eastern Wisconsin (Froming, OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS 1971 ) . Also bearing on this is the fact that the Cobourgian The structure map of the top of the Cambrian Franconia Hellier and Steuben Formations of New York and Ontario, Formation shows the structural framework of northern long thought by Kay (1935) and Templeton and Willman Illinois (fig. 5). The Franconia was selected as the structural (1963) to be equivalent to the Wise Lake (Stewartville datum because it has a distinctive, readily identifiable Member) and Dubuque Formations of the Upper Missis lithology, and it is the shallowest reliable datum present sippi Valley Region, are now regarded as entirely of Cincin in the study area. The map is based on data obtained from natian age (Sweet and Bergstrom, 1971; fig. 3). Sweet and outcrops, cores, drilling chips, geophysical logs, and drillers' Bergstrom (1971) demonstrated through conodont-based logs. At many localities the elevation of the top of the correlations that the base of the type Cincinnatian Series Franconia was estimated by determining the approximate and the top of the type Shermanian Stage (approximately interval from the top to a known, shallower structural 200 feet [60 ml below the top of the type Champlainian horizon. lsopach maps were also used. Series) are about the same biostratigraphical level. The Wisconsin Arch, La Salle Anticlinal Belt, Plum Froming (1971 ) compared the Maquoketa conodonts River Fault Zone, and Sandwich Fault Zone dominate of eastern Wisconsin to those of northeastern Iowa; several the regional structure of northern Illinois.
6 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 1. The broad Wisconsin Arch, bounded to the in the McHenry County area may also be evidence of uplift south by the Plum River and Sandwich Fault on the Wisconsin Arch during this time. Zones, extends from central Wisconsin into northern Illinois. It merges with the Kankakee Arch of northeastern Illinois and northern Indiana, thus separating the Illinois and the Michigan Basins. SCALES FORMATION In northern Illinois, the flanks of the Wisconsin The Scales Formation was named by Templeton and Willman Arch dip approximately 100 feet (30 m) in 5 to 10 (1963) for Scales Mound in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. miles (8 to 16 km). The primary type section is a cut along the Illinois Central Railroad on the west edge of Scales Mound exposing 30 feet 2. The La Salle Anticlinal Belt, a complex trend (9 m) of basal Maquoketa shale and several feet of dolomite of en echelon folds, extends from Lawrence County from the underlying Dubuque Formation, Galena Group in the southeastern part of the state to Lee County (SW NE SW 26, 29N-2E, Scales Mound West 7.5-minute in the north. In La Salle County the structure is Quadrangle) (fig. 7). Because an upper boundary of the dominated by a northwest-striking monoclinal Scales could not be identified at this locality, a second flexure that has about 1000 feet (300 m) of outcrop was selected for description 5 miles (8 km) to the structural relief within a distance of 1 mile (1.6 northeast of Scales Mound along the same railroad (S% NW km). North of here in Lee and Whiteside Counties NW 22, 29N-3E, Shullsburg 7.5-minute Quadrangle). the structure merges with the gentle regional dip (The locality was incorrectly given as SW SW SW 15, 29N-3E to the southwest. in Templeton and Willman, 1963.) It was believed by Templeton and Willman that the second outcrop displayed 3. The Plum River Fault Zone is a narrow the upper 18 feet (8 m) of the formation. The stratigraphic east-west trending belt of high-angle faults with relations between the two outcrops are shown in figure 8. a cumulative displacement of 400 feet (120 m) Exposed at the second locality is approximately 30 ft down to the north (Kolata and Buschbach, 1976). (9 m) of dolomitic shale and very argillaceous and silty It extends about 120 miles (192 km) through dolomite (approximately 45% insoluble residue) that eastern Iowa and northwestern Illinois. was originally considered to be the Fort Atkinson Forma tion. Significantly, these rocks differ from the Fort Atkin 4. The Sandwich Fault Zone, a narrow belt of son of the type area in northeastern Iowa by containing high-angle faults, extends about 85 miles (136 km) large amounts of clay and silt. The dolomite beds in the northwesterly from Will County to Ogle County Illinois unit actually are more similar in mineralogy and (Kolata, Buschbach, and Treworgy, 1978). Al fossil content to the interbedded dolomite in the Scales though its cumulative displacement is about 800 Formation. Furthermore, according to subsurface data, feet (240 m) down to the north, a segment of the the outcrop lies within an area where the Fort Atkinson fault in Will County is displaced about 150 feet grades into shale and is undifferentiated. Therefore, the (45 m) down to the south. evidence is insufficient to delimit the Fort Atkinson at this locality. These strata are more likely to be equivalent All four of these structures have strongly influenced to the Elgin Member of northeastern Iowa. the outcrop pattern of Paleozoic rocks. In addition, recur The. choice of the Scales Mound outcrops for the rent tectonic activity along the Wisconsin Arch and La Salle type section of the Scales Formation is unfortunate; Anticlinal Belt during the Paleozic Era affected the thick however, the Scales is still a valid formational unit. Large ness, character, and distribution of some sediments (Kolata, areas of Illinois contain a well developed Fort Atkinson Buschbach, and Treworgy, 1978). These structures probably Formation from which the upper boundary of the Scales had some effect in deposition of the Maquoketa Group. can be determined. Although there are no outcrops in For example, the Scales Formation in Livingston and northern Illinois clearly showing this contact, it is present La Salle Counties thins near the axis of the La Salle Anti in the subsurface and can be seen in many cores, geophysical clinal Belt; this is clearly shown in the geophysical-log logs, and drill cutting samples. One of the best examples cross section that extends from Rock Island to Kankakee of sharply delineated Scales is designated here as a principal Counties (fig. 6). The interval from the top of the Galena reference well: the Vickery Drilling Company No. KW- 11 Group to the top of the Fort Atkinson Formation gradually Northern Illinois Gas Company well in Kankakee County decreases along the cross section from Kankakee to La Salle (SE NE NE 7, 32N-11 E). A gamma-ray neutron log (fig. 9) Counties, but increases abruptly in Putnam County on the and drilling chip samples (set no. 44331 ) are on file at the downthrown side of the monoclinal flexure. This suggests Illinois State Geological Survey. In this well the Scales local deformation in the La Salle Anticlinal Belt in post Formation occurs at depths of 192 to 296 feet (57.6 to Galena to pre-Fort Atkinson time. Thinning of the Scales 88.8 m) and consists of calcareous, brownish gray (5 YR
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 7 Rock Island Co. 36-17N-2W Henry Co. Davis No. 1 Nowack 8-14N-4E Bureau Co. Gamma ray Resistivity Northern Illinois Gas Co. 27-15N-8E Silurian dol. fms. GAL-47 Vickery Drilling Co. c: Gamma ray Resistivity S.P. Tl-1 Resistivity .Q.., E"'
u.(5 � c:"'
c. CD·� ::J Fort Atkinson e (!) Formation ..,"' .>t."' 0 ::J c: 0 CT ·;:; "' "' � E u.(5 "' a; C/l"
Galena Group
Limestone Sandstone Shale . phosphorite tt53 E8. � I�:: I grainstone (calcarenite) "o 0o0 � Siltstone � calcareous j J iron oxide spheroids sandy r==-=i dolomitic pyrite EEEO 6=d 1-z-k"J J •• I silty calcareous discontinuity surface � . . Jvvv-J argillaceous or shaly �. dolomitic red �T1 13 E:l. � Dolomite � same variations as limestone
Figure 6. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from Rock Island County to Kankakee County, Ill inois, shows correlation of Maquoketa for mations, based on radioactivity and electric logs and drilling chip samples. Datum is the top of the Galena Dolomite Group. No horizontal scale. Legend applies to figures 6, 8, 9, 15, and 22.
8 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 Kankakee Co. 19-30N-9E Putnam Co. 14-32N -2W La Salle Co. Natural Gas Pipeline No. 1 Douglas Northern Illinois Gas Co. 8-30N-2E Livingston Co. BUR-2 Vickery Drilling Co. 29-30N -5E --��-- Neutron S-74 Vickery Drilling Co. No. LL-1 Northern Ill inois Gas Co. S.P. Resistivity S.P. - 500 ft
ISGS 1982
Figure 7. Type section of the Scales Formation near Scales Mound, Jo Daviess County, Illinois (locality 1).
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 9 Apple River West Section (SW NW NW 22, 29N-3E, Shullsburg 7% -min. Quad.)
Asaphid trilobites abundant
Mt. Carroll Southwest Section (SW NE SW 10, 24N -4E Scales Mound Section Savanna 7% -min. Quad.) (SW NE SW 26, 29N -2E Scales Mound West 7% -min. Quad.)
Asaphid trilobites abundant
Maquoketa Group l:::':::z::====� undifferentiated
L tobolus Argo-Fay ep Bed
"'a. c :i Dubuque �o Formation "' ... l'.)l'.1
JSGS 1982
Figure 8. Cross section shows correlations between key basal Maquoketa outcrops in northwestern Illinois.
Lake Co., Cook Co. Milwaukee Co., WI 14-46N-12E 25-41N-11E 25-5N -21E USGS No. 1 Illinois Beach Metropolitan Sanitary District Milaeger No. 1 Oakwood Park State Park DH-71-65 (F-9) Gamma ray Golf Course I Gamma ray SGS C-9471 Silurian dol. fms. --,---,--��
c 0 ·;::; "' E a. u.0 :i -300 ft e 1:! (.,'.) "'c "' ...Q) Ill.§ -"0 :i CT "' �
u.E .. - 400 ft "' co (J en Galena Group
Figure 9. Cross section of the Maquoketa Gr!JUP from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, to Kankakee County, Illinois, shows correlation of Maquoketa formations, based on radioactivity and electric logs, cores, and drilling chip samples. Datum is the top of the Galena Dolomite Group. No horizontal scale.
10 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 4/1 ) to olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) shale. The overlying Fort Kankakee Counties. West of this area laminated shale is Atkinson consists of 32 feet (10 m) of limestone. less common and bioturbation more prevalent. Templeton and Willman (1963) divided the Scales An x-ray diffraction pattern of a random powder Formation into the Elgin Shale Member, a dark gray to dark mount of a Scales shale sample from Cook County (Metro brown shale in the lower part of the Formation, and the politan Sanitary District DH-71-65, SW NE NW 25, 41N- Clermont Shale Member, a gray shale in the upper part. In 11E; C-9471; 419 [125.7 ml deep) shows illite and ft doing so, they extended the use of Iowa nomenclature to chlorite as well as mixed- layer clay minerals, quartz, pyrite, Illinois. These divisions may be useful in other parts of dolomite, and potassium feldspar. The clay fraction of this Illinois, but we could not identify them in the subsurface or sample is 83 percent illite (2M mica polymorph). 16 per the outcrops of northern Illinois. cent chlorite, and 1 percent expandables (fig. 10). Chemical analysis of a sample of Scales shale from Kankakee County (Philips Petroleum Company No. 1 Kankakee, NE NE SW Lithology 35, 31 N -11E; C-251 5, depth 350 ft [105 m] ) showed an The Scales consists primarily of light olive-gray (5 Y 6/1 ) inorganic carbon content of 1.91 percent and organic and olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) shale with minor amounts of olive carbon content of 1.51 percent. black (5 Y 2/1 ), brownish gray (5 YR 4/1 ), and brownish The silt and fine sand content of the Scales is variable black (5 YR 2/1 ) shale. In parts of Boone, Du Page, Kane, but generally moderate. Most of the mudstones are moder and Kendall Counties the basal part of the Scales is light ately silty clay shales, but argillaceous siltstones are locally greenish gray (5 GY 8/1 ) to greenish gray (5 GY 6/1 ). Typi prominent. In particular, olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) siltstones cally, the unit darkens in its lowest portion. On weathered are common in the upper part of the Scales in parts of surfaces the Scales is usually pale yellowish brown (10 YR Kankakee, Kendall, Grundy, and Henry Counties. Pyrite 6/2) to dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2). occurs in nodules up to 1 inch (2.5 cm ) in diameter or as lnduration of the Scales shale varies from weak to concentrations in burrows (fig. 11). hard with fracturing generally conchoidal or blocky. Dolomite and to a lesser extent calcite occur through Laminated shale consisting of alternating light and dark out the Scales of northern Illinois both as cement in the laminae, with no evidence of bioturbation, commonly shales and siltstone and as the major constituents in some occurs in the lowest part of the Scales in Cook, Will, and beds. In parts of Henry, Bureau, Lee, De Kalb, and Kane
Cook Co. Kankakee Co. Cook Co. 22-40N-12E 7-32N-11E 29-35N -13E Metropolitan Sanitary District Northern Illinois Gas Co. Northern Illinois Gas Co. DH-71-81 -(F-2) KW- 11 147"2 ISGS C-9656 Gamma ray Neutron S.P. Resistivity Neutron
Cook Co. 26-39N-12E Metropolitan Sanitary District DH-71 -86 (F-6) -100ft ISGS C-9974
ISGS 1982
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 11 Counties (fig. 12), the Scales consists primarily of light olive-gray (5 Y 6/1 ) to olive-black (5 Y 2/1 ) dolomite that is fine to coarsely crystalline, dark gray (N 3) speckled, fossiliferous, vesicular, and vuggy. The dolomite commonly occurs in wavy, irregular beds up to 8 inches (20 cm) thick that are separated by olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) to olive -black (5 Y 2/1 ) shaly partings. These beds which appear to be mainly dolomitized packstone and grainstone, show clearly on the electric log of the Vickery Drilling Company No. Tl-1 well in SW NW NW 27, 15N-8E, Bureau County (fig. 6). The northeast trend of the dolomite unit suggests that it was once continuous across Lee and De Kalb Counties but was removed by post-Silurian erosion. In most of northern Illinois, particularly the northwestern counties, the Scales Formation contains thin beds of fine-grained, silty, argil laceous dolomite interbedded with shale (fig. 13). Also, calcareous shale and interbeds of limestone occur in parts of Grundy, Kankakee, Kendall, and Will Counties in a distribution pattern that largely coincides with the lime stone facies of the Fort Atkinson Formation. Th in layers of phosphatic oolites, pellets, and nodules as well as small phosphatized fossils-the Depauperate Zone of Ladd (1929)-are present locally within the Scales Formation. The most widespread layer occurs at the base of the Scales in most of northwestern Illinois and to a much a. �------�
l&Q t c
c
c
Degrees 28
30 25 20 15 10 5
ISGS 1982 Figure 11. Radiograph (x 1) of Scales shale from sectioned core (Metropolitan Sanitary District boring DH-71 -65, SW NE NW 25, Figure 10. X-ray diffraction pattern of the clay fraction of a Scales shale sample from Cook County (Metropolitan Sanitary District 41N-11E; C-9471, 403 ft deep) shows indistinct bedding and boring DH-71-65, SW NE NW 25, 41N-11E; C-9471, 419 ft bioturbation. Small dark blebs and burrows are pyrite filled: a. ver deep). C=chlorite, l=illite, Q=quartz. tically oriented slab; b. horizontal slab.
12 ILLINOIS STATE GEO LOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 lesser extent in northeastern Illinois. Other layers are Weathering of the Scales generally produces muddy known from the upper part of the Scales in Du Page, slopes that are overgrown with vegetation. In places where Grundy, and Rock Island Counties and from near the the Scales is exceptionally dolomitic, however, the strata middle of the Scales in parts of Whiteside County. can form steep weather-resistant ledges (fig. 13). The basal phosphorite layer contains a locally abundant The only known outcrops of Scales Formation in and moderately diverse assemblage of phosphatized gastro northern Illinois are confined to Carroll and Jo Daviess pods, scaphopods, bivalve molluscs, orthoconic cephalopods, Counties, none of which expose the entire formation. ostracods, and articulate and linguloid brachiopods, most of Even though this is an area where the Maquoketa is undif which are less than 6 or 7 millimeters in diameter. The ferentiated, the typical Scales lithology (olive-gray, dolo fossils and irregular, smooth-surfaced phosphatic nodules, mitic, silty, sparsely fossiliferous shale) can be recognized which can be as much as 4 centimeters in largest dimension at many localities. Particularly notable outcrops .are those but generally are much smaller, are set in a matrix of clay, at localities 1, 2, and 9 (Appendix A). Figure 14 shows silt, dolomite, and randomly oriented discoidal apatite a good exposure of the contact between the Dubuque pellets less than 0.5 millimeters across. The pellets are Formation (Galena Group) and the overlying Maquoketa concentrically banded around cores of minute fossils, Group undifferentiated at locality 9. mainly conodonts (Tasch, 1958) and ostracodes. The largest phosphatic nodules occur near the lower contact with the Galena where they commonly encrust the Distribution and Thickness pitted ferruginous surface of the dolomite. The basal The Scales is a distinct formation in northern Illinois, phosphorite is typically 6 to 12 inches ( 15 to 30 cm ) thick except in the area north of a line running east-west through and is light brownish gray (5 YR 6/1 ) to brownish gray the southern part of Whiteside County. North of this line, (5 YR 4/1 ), poorly sorted, bioturbated, pyritic, earthy, and the overlying Fort Atkinson Formation grades to shale and carbonate cemented. At some localities the phosphorite is the Brainard and Scales Formation cannot be practically in two layers separated by up to 4 feet (1.2 m) of silty shale. nor consistently separated in the subsurface or in many
�Shale, dolomitic, locally silty, with interbeds of argillaceous dolomite � particularly in northwestern Illinois 10 20 30 40 mi Dolom ite, with interbeds of shale [ I 10 20 30 40 50 km
ISGS 1982
Figure 12. Lithofacies interpretation of the Scales Formation in northern Illinois.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 13 In eastern Will and Cook Counties, the Scales reaches a maximum thickness of about 135 feet (40.5 m) (plate 1 b). From there the formation thins to the northwest in Du Page, northern Cook, and western Lake Counties where it is 40 to 60 feet (12 to 18 m) thick. From Kankakee County westward through Rock Island County into southeastern Iowa (equivalent to the combined Elgin and Clermont Members; Parker, 1971 ) the Scales is about 80 to 100 feet (24 to 30 m) thick. In Livingston and La Salle Counties along the crest of the La Salle Anticlinal Belt, however, the Scales is relatively thin (fig. 6), suggesting uplift on that structure in post-Galena to pre-Fort Atkinson time. Similarly, the general thinning of the Scales in McHenry, Du Page, northern Cook, and western Lake Counties may be due to minor uplift of the Wisconsin Arch during this same time. The Scales abruptly thickens eastward in northern Indiana (fig. 15).
Stratigraphic Relations Throughout northern Illinois the Scales Formation rests on the pitted, ferruginous surface of the Galena Dolomite Group. The contact is invariably abrupt and regionally disconformable. Residual pieces of Galena dolomite en crusted with iron sulfide and cryptocrystalline phosphatic material commonly occur in the basal 1 foot of the Scales. The Scales appears to be conformable with the over lying Fort Atkinson Formation. The two formations are commonly gradational through approximately 20 feet (6 m) of interbedded olive-gray shale and coarsely crystalline dolomite or limestone (wackstone or grain stone). In parts of eastern Kane and western Du Page Counties the upper part of the Scales is truncated by the Figure 13. I nterbedded shale and very argillaceous dolomite of the sub-Silurian disconformity. In this area the Scales is over Scales Formation at the Scales Mound Northeast Section (locality 2) . Scale is meter. lain by olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) to medium dark gray (N 4), 1 very fine-grained, very argillaceous dolomite of the Silurian Wilhelmi Formation.
outcrops. Here the shales are mapped together as the Maquoketa Group undifferentiated. In exceptional cases, Geophysical Log Characteristics such as the Carroll County Nuclear Power Station boring The Scales Formation of northern Illinois is typically B-73, the Brainard and Scales can be differentiated even characterized by low electrical resistivity, high gamma where the Fort Atkinson is not present on the basis of their radiation, and low neutron values (figs. 6 and 9). Contact distinctive greenish gray (5 G 6/1 ) and olive- gray (5 Y 4/1 ) with the underlying Galena Dolomite Group is marked by colors, respectively. The contact here is quite sharp. Also, a sharp geophysical discontinuity, whereas contact with at some outcrops where the contact with either the Galena the overlying Fort Atkinson Formation is commonly Group or Silurian dolomite formations is exposed, it is characterized by a gradual change in geophysical values possible to identify the Scales or Brainard separately; due to the upward increase in carbonate. The general and we have done so in this report. In some places, however, increase in dolomite in the north- central part of the study the contact between these two formations is gradational area is shown by the relatively lower gamma ray and higher and cannot be identified confidently. Parker (1971) mapped resistivity values. an area of undifferentiated Maquoketa strata in eastern The Argo-Fay Bed of northwest Illinois, an organic Iowa, including parts of Jackson, Clinton, Jones, Delaware, rich black (N 1) shale near the base of the Scales, is charac and Dubuque Counties, that is continuous with the north terized by very high gamma ray, low neutron, and low western Illinois area. density (2.3 g/cc) values.
14 ILLINOIS STATE GEO LOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 ft 60 a. :::i "O 0 Cll ......
(!)"'c: ·2! ... Cll 50 Cll .... .:.!. Cll 0 ..... �� O' "O "' c: � :::i 40
Argo-Fay Bed phosphorite --'��--t-30
c: 20 0 ·;:;"' a. E g u..o� 10
�O' � � :::i "' ..0:::i (!) 0 0
Figure 14. Contact between the Dubuque Formation (Galena Group) and the Maquoketa Group undifferentiated at the Mt. Carroll Southwest Section ( locality 9). The basal phosphorite layer and Argo-Fay Bed are also exposed.
Porter Co., IN 16-35N-5W Cook Co. Indiana General Plant 2 29-35N-13E 1-D Northern Illinois Gas Co. 147-2 Neutron Gamma ray Neutron Silurian dol. fms. Cook Co. c: 0 36-37N-14E Chicago Sanitary Dist. -� DH-11 E u..0 Fort 'E"' c: Atkinson . Formation caE
- 1000 ft
c: 0 ·;:;"' E u..0
- 1 100 ft
Galena Group
ISGS 1982
Figure 15. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from Cook County, Illinois, to Parker County, Indiana, shows correlation of the Maquoketa formations, based on radioactivity logs, cores, and drilling chip samples. Datum is the top of the Galena Dolomite Group. No horizontal scale.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 15 d e
f c g
h k
m
0
p
q
n r
Figure 16. Characteristic fossils of the Maquoketa Group. a and b. Hebertella sp., pedicle and brachia! valves, Brainard Formation, loc. 16; c. Cornulites sp., Brainard, loc. 14; d. Liospira sp., Scales Formation, loc. 9; e. Miche/inoceras sociale, Scales, loc. 9; f. Nuculites neg/ectus, Brainard, ISGS core C-9985 at depth 393.6 ft (Cook County, SW SE SW 32, 39N-14E); g. Palaeonei/o? fecunda, Scales, loc. 9; h.Ambonychia? sp., Brainard, loc. 10; i. Strophomena sp., brachia! valve, Brainard, loc. 7; j. Prasopora sp., crinoid holdfast attached at bottom center, Fort Atkinson Formation, Elmer Larson quarry northeast of Cortland, De Kalb County NW NE 15, 40N -5E, Sycamore 15- minute Quad.); (sw· k and Lepidocyc/us sp., pedicle valve and posterior view, Brainard, loc. 17; m. lsotelus sp., pygidium, Scales, loc. 2; n. Ch ondrites sp., Brain I. ard, loc. 10; o. St rophomena sp., pedicle valve interior, Brainard, loc. 6; p and q. Megamyonia unicostata, brachia I valve interior and pedicle valve exterior, Brainard, loc. 14; r. Asaphid trilobite, thorax and pygidium, Scales, loc. 9. All approximately x1 except for n which is x0.5.
16 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 d h a
b e
p c
g q
0
m n
t u v
w s
Figure Characterisitic fossils of the Maquoketa Group. a-c. Strophomena sp., pedicle valve exterior and posterior views, brachia! valve exterior,17. Br ainard Formation, loc. 11; d-g. P/a tystrophia sp., posterior view, brachia! and pedicle valves, lateral view, Fort Atkinson, Elmer Larson quarry northeast of Cortland, De Kalb County (SW NW NE 15, 40N -5E, Sycamore 15-minute Quad.); h. P/aesiomys sp., brachia I valve interior, Brainard, loc. 10; i. Cupu/ocrin us (Homocrinus} angustatus, Meek and Worthen, Holotype ISGS (ISM) 1570A, probably Brainard, Mount Carroll, Carroll County; j. G/yptorthis sp., pedicle exterior, Brainard, loc. 10; k. Strophomena sp., brachia valve interior, Brainard, I loc. 10; I. Diceromyonia sp., probable pedicle valve exterior, Brainard, loc. 10; m. Opikina sp., brachia! valve interior, Brainard, loc. 10; n. Grav icalymene? sp., cephalon, Brainard, loc. 10; o. trepostome bryozoan, Fort Atkinson, Elmer Larson Quarry (see above) ; p and q. Lepidocyclus sp., pedicle and brachia! valve exteriors, Brainard, loc. 7; r. Dip/ograp tus peosta, Maquoketa Group undifferentiated, loc. 3; s. Strophomena sp., brachia! valve exterior, Brainard, loc. 14; t-v. Hypsiptycha sp., pedicle and brachia! valves exterior, laterial view, Brainard, loc. 1 w. Th aero O; don ta sp., brach ial valve interior at center bottom, pedicle valve exterior upper right, Brainard, loc. 16. All approximately x 1.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 17 Fauna! Characteristics No. 29 Mougin well (NE NW 15, 27N- 1E) 5 miles south In general, the Scales Formation is poorly fossiliferous. east of Galena, Jo Daviess County. At Scales Mound, also The most notable fossil accumulations are in the phosphorite in Jo Daviess County, the Argo-Fay grades to dark greenish (Depauperate Zone), wh ich is best developed at the base gray, fissile shale. In northeastern Iowa the Argo-Fay is of the Scales in northwestern Ill inois. This thin stratum equivalent to the "hard, chocolate- brown, carbonaceous locally separated into two layers by silty shale, contains a fissile shale" in the "brown shaly unit" of Brown (1974), moderately diverse assemblage of invertebrates dominated which is about 10 feet (3 m) thick at Bellevue in Clayton by molluscs. The most abundant and widespread fossils are County. According to Brown the carbonaceous, brown Pa/aeanei/a ? fe cunda and Nuculites neglectus (nucu loid fissile shale thins abruptly to the northwest in Clayton bivalves), Michelinoceras saciale (cephalopod), Plagiaglypta County, Iowa. Brown also notes an occurrence of the bed iawensis (scaphopod), Liaspira (archaeogastropod), Septem near Sinsinawa Mound in Grant County, Wisconsin. chitan (polyplacophoran), Onniella sp. (orthid brachiopod), The Argo-Fay has an organic carbon content of 16 and Leptabalus (linguloid brachiopod); some are shown in percent in samples collected at the type section. Reflected figure 16. light analyses (plain white light and blue light) show the Above the phosphorite, approximately 30 feet (9 m) dominant organic constituent to be a dark gray material of strata is nearly barren of body fossils but does contain that appears as thin stringers up to 40 µm in length and flattened burrows about 4 millimeters wide that are assign 1 to 2 µm thick. The stringers of organic matter are closely able to Chandrites. From 30 to 70 feet (9 to 21 m) above associated with the shale matrix and appear to be oriented the phosphorite the Scales contains abundant and locally roughly parallel to bedding. Under blue light a few of these well preserved asaphid trilobites, particularly /sate/us stringers have yellow fluorescence, which indicates they are (fig. 16m) and the graptolite Diplagraptus peasta (fig. 17r). of the liptinite maceral group and are probably algal in Particularly good exposures of these strata can be seen at origin. The material is very similar to the network-like, localities 2 and 3. These rocks are probably equivalent to amorphous organic matter commonly observed in the the /sate/us and Vogdesia beds (Parker, Dorheim, and brownish black and black shale facies of the New Albany Campbell, 1959) of the Elgin Member of the Maquoketa Shale. Within the shale matrix, medium gray vitrinite-like in northeastern Iowa. materials are also common. These fragments are subrounded The dolomite facies of the Scales (fig. 12) contains to elongate and generally in the very fine to coarse silt-size bryozoan and echinoderm skeletal-fragment wackestones, range. The origin of these vitrinite-like materials is not packstones, and grainstones; but few identifiable specimens certain but they may be fragments of chitinozoans or have been seen in subsurface samples. Most of the Scales graptolites. in Cook, Will, and Kankakee Counties is barren of fossils except in the transitional strata between the Scales and Fort Atkinson. FORT ATKINSON FORMATION The Fort Atkinson Formation (Calvin, 1906), the middle carbonate unit of the Maquoketa Group, is named for Argo-Fay Bed 40 feet (12 m) of massive, yellow, cherty dolomite and The Argo-Fay Bed is named for a town in Carroll County, associated beds of limestone exposed at Fort Atkinson Illinois; its type section is 5 miles north of the town in the in Winneshiek County, Iowa. In Illinois the Fort Atkinson Mt. Carroll Southwest Section (locality 9). The 1-foot has been called the "Divine Limestone" (Lamar and Will (30 cm) thick Argo- Fay Bed is hard, brownish black man, 1931) and the "middle limestone zone" (DuBois, (5 YR 2/1 ) to black (N 1); carbonaceous, fissile clayshale 1945). Templeton and Willman (1963) extended the use of that lies 4 feet (1.2 m) above the Dubuque Formation Iowa nomenclature to Illinois and raised the unit to forma (Galena Group). Carbonaceous fragments of graptolites tional status. In this report "Limestone" is dropped as part and chitinozoans (Canachitina sp.) commonly stand out on of the formal name because of the heterogeneous character weathered bedding planes. At the type section the upper of the formation. The Fort Atkinson Formation in Illinois 4 to 5 inches (10 to 13 cm) contain numerous flattened, contains limestone, dolomite, and interbedded shale and moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) burrows 4 to 8 siltstone. In the type area the Fort Atkinson overlies the millimeters wide (Chandrites). Clermont Member of the Scales Formation and underlies The Argo- Fay Bed also has been observed in the the Brainard Formation. exploratory borings for the Savanna Nuclear Power Plant 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Savanna in Carroll County. It is approximately 2 feet (60 cm) thick at this location; 1.5 feet Lithology (45 cm) thick in an outcrop on the right bank of the The Fort Atkinson consists primarily of light olive-gray Apple River at the dam in Hanover, Jo Daviess County; (5 Y 6/1 ) to olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) and pale yellowish brown and 0.5 feet (15 cm ) thick in the U.S. Bureau of Mines (10 YR 8/2) to dark yellowish brown (10 YR 8/2) dolomite
18 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 _ �- -�TEPHENSO __ w1NNEBAG0 - 900NE EN AK -- N i - 1 - �-.MfH RY ••••• --1-L E-. • ! ••• . . ---l i- -l_ >f ______� _L__t kKA NE---PcooK _ ! I � p T Jj � I /? I I·------� . I \r'r •i dJ ' j i : iI � DU PAGE '.' - I v -- �---1 _,.. �_...... , LEE - - - 1 ::: - - � I J_ _ · 1 I · 1 > ! __0-_ll.L, J . :: < ·>S.:: :: : DE KALB KE· N·DALL WILL>�,: ·: : ::. - ! - : : :l ! _ � .. .·. . · · . _ · •. •. · /).f' "'.'.",J; ,,,,--f'�'""T_: ru.-s;; c<- --- 1 ··· • · ·· .• • _ · /'.''".:'.: \········-···.:·················•····a• • · ······li\ . •:. ·····:·:·· ···:··· ··• .· :::•::::•:::•,:_ :_:: ::··· · ___ . :. : . .: ·: ::· : -n1 •.L····: ·:···�:(•.�:·: •..-.:.1,! · ·· ,GRUNDy...... :• •· . · • ..• · &;gi��£_[_if < < r · ... . �-_J\" . · \. • ______j r ; \ -- , i1 A I, I ) �;c;re ------l PUTN M 1 L__ _ _ " I ______J ! l ---·--7 I1I ', l �j KANK;KEE i --- , · - -1. \------�--- -- L I & . ______j ... :: 2·1t i 1tf '1 Shale (undifferentiated), dolomitic, with interbeds of argillaceous dolomite mmrnml 10 20 30 40 mi [ / J Limestone, with interbeds of shale 10 20 30 40 50 km Dolomite, with interbeds of shale
J J ISGS 1982
Figure 18. Lithofacies interpretation of the Fort Atkinson Formation in northern Illinois.
and limestone containing thin interbeds of greenish gray of whole, unabraded, commonly articulated invertebrates (5 GY 6/1 ) and olive-gray (5 Y 4/1 ) silty shale, and to a (mainly brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, and trilobites) lesser extent, siltstone. The formation weathers to pale in a matrix of argillaceous microspar. Patches of clear yellowish brown or moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4). sparry calcite are common; some are obviously burrow The limestone is confined mainly to parts of Kankakee, fillings, but others seem to have resulted from recrystal Will, Kendall, Grundy, and La Salle Counties (fig. 18). At lization of the lime mud. Also, in some places dolomitization some localities in these counties limestone and dolomite masks the original texture, but for the most part relict are interbedded. The carbonate beds are mainly crinoid bioclastic textures are preserved. bryozoan-brachiopod lime or dolomite packstone and The Fort Atkinson is further characterized by wavy grainstone, and to a lesser extent, wackestone. Micro irregular strata that are 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) thick scopically, the packstone and grainstone consist of whole and separated by shaly partings. Locally, white chert and fragmented fossils of all sizes and shapes ranging from nodules may be present. angular to rounded and mixed with microspar as well as In parts of Grundy, Will, and Kankakee Counties the clear, moderately to coarsely crystalline calcite cement Fort Atkinson consists of three distinct lithologic units (fig. 19). This clear spar is largely the result of precipitation in ascending order: 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 m) of olive-gray in open spaces rather than recrystallization of lime mud. The (5 Y 3/2), silty, argillaceous, lime or dolomite wackestone packstone and grainstone are relatively pure and mottled, and interbeds of siltstone; 5 to 10 feet ( 1.5 to 3 m) of medium dark gray (N 4) with dark gray (N 3) pyritic yellowish gray (5 Y 8/1 ) to pinkish gray (5 YR 8/1 ), pure, speckling. The pyrite is largely a replacement of bryozoan vesicular, coarse-grained lime or dolomite grainstone; fragments. Where dolomitized, the grainstone is typically and 15 to 20 feet (5 to 6 m) of light olive-gray (5 Y 6/1 ) vesicular and vuggy. Locally the grainstone is cross-bedded crinoid-bryozoan lime or dolomite grainstone with medium (locality 18; fig. 20); the wackestone consists predominantly dark gray (N 4) mottling and dark gray (N 3) speckling.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 19 Distribution and Thickness The Fort Atkinson is a distinct formation in northern Illinois, except for the northwestern counties where it grades to shale, and those localities in northeastern Illinois where it is not easily distinguishable from the dolomite of the Scales and Brainard Formations. In parts of eastern Kane and western Du Page Counties the Fort Atkinson was removed by pre-Silurian erosion (plate 1 c), and Silurian formations rest directly on the Scales Formation. In other areas of northeastern Illinois the Fort Atkinson appears to have formed a resistant bench to pre-Silurian erosion, which removed the overlying Brainard Formation. In most of northern Illinois the Fort Atkinson is 20 to 40 feet (6 to 12 m) th ick, although it reaches a maximum of about 60 feet ( 18 m) in some areas such as southern Kankakee County {plate 1 c). The Fort Atkinson extends into northwestern Indiana and combines with the Brainard Formation to form the unit C of Gray (1972). DuBois (1945) traced the Fort Atkinson in subsurface from Cook County through central and southern Illinois to Marion County, Illinois, a distance of about 240 miles (384 km). To the west, the Fort Atkin son extends through Rock Island County into eastern Iowa and thereby appears to be continuous with the type area (Parker, 1971 ; map 4).
Figure 19. Photomicrograph (x 15) of predominantly crinoid Stratigraphic Relations bryozoan lime grainstone from the Fort Atkinson Formation Contact between the Fort Atkinson and underlying Scales at the Wilmington South Section (loca lity 22). c=echinoderm (probably crinoid) ; b= bryozoan. is gradational and conformable. The boundary is recognized where the lithology changes vertically from predominantly terrigenous elastics to carbonates. few thin beds of Fort A Outcrops of Fort Atkinson strata within the study Atkinson lithology typically occur below the contact. The area are confined primarily to northeastern Illinois. Nearly change from dolomite or lime grainstone of the Fort the entire formation can be observed in the intermittent Atkinson to the greenish gray (5 G 6/1 ) shale of the Brainard outcrops along Aux Sa ble Creek (locality 17) in south is abrupt at many places. In parts of Kane, De Kaib, McHenry, eastern Kendall County. Other notable outcrops include and Lake Counties, however, where the Brainard contains localities 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22. A typical weathering a large amount of dolomite and the Fort Atkinson is profile of the Fort Atkinson is shown in figure 21. relatively thin, it is difficult to determine which dolomite The Fort Atkinson becomes more argillaceous and beds in any given section are equivalent to the Fort Atkin contains less grainstone in the western counties. North son. Both the upper and lower boundaries of the Fort of an east-west line running through the southern part Atkinson probably shift vertically across its area of distri of Whiteside County the formation first grades laterally bution. into a digitate succession of silty, argillaceous dolomite intercalated with shale, then develops primarily into shale. Th in layers of strata with a lithology similar to that of the Fort Atkinson occur throughout the upper part of the Maquoketa Group in Jo Daviess, Carroll, and Whiteside Counties, but there is little or no continuity of these strata. In parts of Kane, De Kalb, McHenry, and Lake Counties, the Scales and Brainard Formations contain a large amount Figure 20. Cross-bedded lime grainstone of the Fort Atkinson of bryozoan-crinoid dolomite grainstone that is very similar Formation at the Divine Section (locality 18). to the Fort Atkinson rocks, thus making it difficult to differentiate formations at some localities. Facies relation Figure 21 . Fort Atkinson strata along the Du Page River near ships of the Fort Atkinson in this area are shown in figure 22. Joliet (locality 18).
20 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 21 Cook Co. 25 -41N-11E Metropolitan Sanitary District DH-71 -65 (F-9) Kane Co. Gamma ray Neutron 22-41N-8E Neely No. 1 Elgin Community College Gamma ray _�-'--�-����
De Kalb Co. 15-40N-5E Elmer Larson Quarry Brainard Formation
Silurian dol. fms. Fort Atkinson Formation
c: 0 ·� E 0 u. U) Q) 'iii tJ ti) Scales Formation
Galena Group
ISGS 1982
Figure 22. Cross section of the Maquoketa Group from De Kalb County to Cook County, Ill inois, shows correlation of Maquoketa formations, based on radioactivity and electric logs, cores, and drilling chip samples. Datum is the top of the Galena Dolomite Group. No horizontal scale.
Geophysical Log Characteristics siltstone of the Fort Atkinson commonly contains well The Fort Atkinson is identified by its high electrical resis preserved strophomenid brachiopods, asaphid and caly tivity and neutron values and low gamma ray values, typical menid trilobites, and to a lesser extent, trepostome bryo of limestone and dolomite. Commonly the contact with the zoans. The overlying grainstone, well exposed at localities underlying Scales Formation is marked by a gradual change 17 and 18, is characterized by abundant echinoderm debris, in geophysical values; whereas contact with the overlying trepostome bryozoans, and the rhynchonellid brachiopod Brainard Formation is characterized by a sharp geophysical Lepidocyclus figs. 16k, 161 ). ( discontinuity. The base of the Fort Atkinson typically Savage (1925) published several fauna! lists of speci is an interdigitate pattern produced by the thinly inter mens collected in the Fort Atkinson and Brainard Forma bedded carbonates, shale, and siltstone. tions of Illinois near Wilmington, Joliet, Minooka, Oswego, Yorkville, Kingston, Scales Mound, and Sterling.
Faunal Characteristics The Fort Atkinson Formation contains an abundant and BRAINARD FORMATION diverse fauna consisting primarily of brachiopods, bryo The Brainard Formation was named by Calvin (1906) for zoans, echinoderms, and trilobites. In the grainstones the 120 feet (36 m of blue and bluish gray shale and associated ) fossils are commonly disarticulated, broken, abraded, and beds of limestone exposed near Brainard, Fayette County, comminuted, making it difficult to identify most specimens Iowa. Templeton and Willman (1963) extended the Iowa below the phylum level. By contrast, the argillaceous nomenclature to Illinois and raised the unit to formational wackstones and siltstones locally contain articulated status. and well preserved specimens. Many of these fossils occur in a "crazy quilt" pattern with some specimens clustered and others separated by barren or sparsely populated Lithology areas similar to the mode of occurrence observed in present The Brainard consists primarily of shale and lesser amounts day, level bottom communities. Bryozoan identifications of dolomite, limestone, and siltstone. Although the shale below the ordinal level are very difficult for dolom itized is typically greenish gray (5 G 6/1 ) to dark greenish gray (5 G 4/1 , locally it is pale brown (5 YR 5/2), pale green specimens. ) At the Aux Sable Creek outcrops locality 17), the (10 G 6/2), or grayish blue green (5 BG 5/2). The shale ( basal, silty, argillaceous lime wackestone and calcareous is weakly to moderately hard, silty, dolomitic or calcareous,
22 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 pyritic, and fossiliferous with blocky, platy, or conchoidal fractures. At most places the shale is highly bioturbated. An x-ray diffraction pattern from a random powder mount of a Brainard shale sample from Cook County (Metropolitan Sanitary District DH-71-65, SW NE NW 25, l&Q 41N-11E; C-9471 ; 221.8 ft or 66.5 m deep) shows illite, chlorite, expandable mixed - layer clays, dolomite, quartz, pyrite, and potassium feldspar. The clay fraction of this t c sample is 82 percent illite (2M mica polymorph), 17 per ·;;;� c: Q) cent chlorite, and 1 percent expandables (fig. 23)-values ... c: similar to those obtained from the Scales Formation and c close to the average clay composition of the Maquoketa Group as a whole. Chemical analysis of a sample of Brainard c shale from Kankakee County (Philips Petroleum Company No. 1 Kankakee, NE NE SW 35, 31N-11E; C-2515, depth 250 feet [75 m] ) showed an inorganic carbon content c of 3.09 percent and organic carbon content of 0.23 percent. In parts of northern Illinois where the Brainard is par Degrees 28 ticularly thick the upper few feet of shale are commonly 30 25 20 15 10 5 grayish red (5 R 4/2) to grayish red purple (5 RP 4/2). ISGS 1982 The stratigraphic relations of the red shale were particularly Figure 23. X-ray diffraction pattern of the clay fraction of a well exposed at the Hillside Quarry (now a landfill) in Brainard shale sample from Cook County (Metropolitan Sanitary District boring DH-71 -65, SW NE NW 25, 41N-11E; C-9471, Cook County in the fall of 1980 (locality 16; fig. 24). 221 .8 ft deep) . C = chlorite, I = I llite, Q = Quartz. At this locality, the red shales are confined to a lens approx imately 40 feet (12 m) wide and 15 feet (5 m) thick at the top of the Brainard in contact with the overlying dark gray (N 4) with dark gray (N 3) pyritic speckling, and Silurian Kankakee Formation. The curved lower ec;lge of are composed almost entirely of crinoid, bryozoan, and red coloration cuts across horizontal beds of shale and brachiopod fragments. White chert nodules with dark gray dolomite. The lithology, bedding, and fossil content are the (N 3) specks are also common in some areas. Generally, same in the grayish red and greenish gray strata. Strati the distribution of limestone in the Brainard corresponds graphic relations indicate that the red and greenish gray to the distribution of limestone in the Fort Atkinson strata were deposited at the same time, thus were initially Formation (fig. 18). identical in composition. The reddish lens appears to be In parts of Kane, Du Page, Cook, McHenry, and Lake a zone of oxidation possibly formed in pre-Silurian time. Counties the Brainard contains more dolomite than shale Clearly, the lens does not warrant assignment to a separate (fig. 25). In Kane and McHenry Counties where the Scales stratigraphic unit, although this situation would not be also contains a large amount of dolomite it is difficult entirely evident if encountered solely by drilling. Caution locally to differentiate formations, particularly in subsurface. is necessary in differentiating shales of this type-because In parts of Kankakee, Grundy, La Salle, Putnam, of their red color and stratigraphic position-from the Bureau, and Henry Counties the Brainard Formation con Neda Formation, which differs primarily in containing tains large amounts of greenish gray (5 GY 6/1 ) to dark flattened iron-oxide spheroids. greenish gray (5 GY 4/1 ), dolomitic, argillaceous siltstone The Brainard shales are typically interbedded with and very silty shale (fig. 25). Within this area the Brainard argillaceous dolomite and/or lime�tone consisting of 3- typically grades upward from shale and silty shale to silt to 6- inch beds that vary from flat and even to irregular stone; and at several subsurface locations in Bureau and and nodular. These rocks are primarily brachiopod- bryo Henry Counties the formation is capped by up to 10 feet zoan lime or dolomite mudstone and wackestone that are (3 m) of greenish gray (5 GY 6/1 ), very fine-grained, usually greenish gray (5 G 6/1 ) to dark greenish gray dolomitic, pyritic, argillaceous, dark gray (N 3) speckled, (5 G 4/1 ) and weather to pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2) coherent sandstone that resembles the Cincinnatian Thebes or moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4). They contain Sandstone of southern Illinois. The siltstone and sandstone whole, unabraded, commonly articulated invertebrates appear to extend south of the study area into central in a matrix of argillaceous microspar or finely crystalline Illinois. Like the Thebes, this sandstone and siltstone prob dolomite. Thin beds of finely crystalline dolomite con ably originated in the area of the Ozark Uplift. taining no apparent fossils also occur in some areas. Locally, In a large area of Cook County, two or more layers the Brainard contains packstone and grainstone that are of dark greenish gray (5 GY 4/1 ) and brownish gray (5 YR nearly identical to that of the Fort Atkinson Formation. 4/1 ), shaly phosphorite occur from 1 to about 50 feet These carbonate rocks are relatively pure, mottled, medium (0.3 to 15 m) above the Fort Atkinson Formation. Each
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 23 Figure 24. Contact between the Brainard and Kankakee Formations (just below level of bulldozer) in the Hillside Quarry in Cook County (locality note the dark (grayish red purple) Brainard strata with curved lower edge (center) that cuts across horizontal beds of shale and 16) : dolomite. The reddish Brainard strata apparently is truncated at the contact with the overlying Kankakee Formation.
layer ranges from 6 to 18 inches (15 to 45 cm) thick and The Brainard is the most widely exposed of the Maquo contains abundant, subrounded, flattened, pitted, micro keta formations in northern Illinois. Although notable crystalline apatite pebbles that are mostly pale brown outcrops can be observed at localities 11, 12, 14, and 16, (5 YR 5/2) to grayish brown (5 YR 3/2) and 5 to 50 none reveals the entire formation. In northwestern Illinois millimeters in largest dimension (fig. 9). In some places, where the Fort Atkinson grades to shale and the Brainard the layers contain a phosphatized diminutive molluscan and Scales are combined as an undifferentiated unit, the fauna dominated by bivalves. Generally, only one phos typical Brainard lithology (soft, greenish gray, dolomitic, phorite layer is observed in cores of the Brainard Formation; fossiliferous shale) can be recognized at localities 4, 6, 7, however, in the Metropolitan Sanitary District boring and 10. Brainard outcrops typically weather to muddy DH-71 -41 -74 (ISGS core C-9981) in Cook County (SE SE slopes littered with thin slabs of dolomite, and overgrow NE 35, 39N -13E), two thin layers occur 6 and 14 feet (1.8 with vegetation (fig. 26). and 4.2 m) above the Fort Atkinson. Similarly, in the Metropolitan Sanitary District boring DH-71 -65-F-9 (ISGS core C-9471 ) in Cook County (SW NE NW 25, 41 N-11 E). Distribution and Thickness The Brainard is a distinct formation in northern llinois phosphorite layers occur at 46 and 48 feet (13.8 and 14.4 m) 1 above the Fort Atkinson (figs. 9 and 22). The relatively except in the northwestern counties where the Fort Atkin wide and variable vertical distribution of phosphorites son grades to shale. It generally ranges from 60 to 100 feet suggests that several layers were deposited in this area (18 to 30 m) th ick but reaches a maximum of about during Brainard time. Grains and pebbles of apatite from 1 160 feet (48 m) in parts of northwestern Cook County to 4 millimeters in diameter are relatively abundant through (plate 1 d). Pre-Silurian erosion removed the Brainard out the Brainard in parts of Bureau, Henry, and Rock along a band 5 to 25 miles (8 to 40 km) wide extending Island Counties. through southwestern Du Page, northwestern Will, and
24 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 JO DAVIESS
' .: ..: ',, :--q· \,- - I) \�
Shale, dolomitic, silty, with interbeds of dolomite l:!:!!!:!!!!l!!!!!!@l 10 20 30 40 mi I ( J Siltstone (primarily in upper part of formation), shaly, locally sandy 10 20 30 40 50 km Dolomite, argillaceous, silty, with interbeds of shale LJ ISGS 1982 Figure 25. Lithofacies interpretation of the Brainard Formation in northern Illinois.
southern Cook Counties, and continuing eastward into or Sweeney Formations depending on the depth of erosion northern Indiana and southern Michigan. An elliptical area in the top of the Maquoketa. of relatively thick Brainard strata (approximately 120 feet In the Hillside Quarry (locality 16) a slight angular [36 m] ) is situated in southeastern Du Page, northeastern unconformity exists between the Brainard and overlying Will, and western Cook Counties. The Brainard abruptly Kankakee Formation in a small area along the last face thickens southward from an erosional featheredge in central (fig. 27). Elsewhere in the quarry the contact appears Will County and along the southern boundary of Cook to be disconformable. The angular contact may be due to County to a little more than 100 feet (30 m) locally in localized pre-Silurian deformation or to draping of basal Will and Kankakee Counties. Silurian strata over the truncated Brainard strata.
Stratigraphic Relations Geophysical Log Characteristics The Brainard conformably overlies the Fort Atkinson The low electrical resistivity, low neutron, and moderate Formation. Contact with the overlying Neda Formation gamma ray values typical of greenish gray dolomitic shales is gradational. Where the Neda is absent, which is generally generally characterize the Brainard. Where the Brainard the case, the Brainard is unconformably overlain by Silurian has not been deeply cut out by pre-Silurian erosion and it or younger strata. In northeastern Illinois where pre-Silurian is overlain by relatively pure Silurian dolomite, the top is erosion has removed a large part of the Brainard, the marked by an abrupt increase in resistivity and neutron formation is commonly overlain by the Silurian Wilhelmi values as well as an abrupt decrease in gamma ray response Formation (fig. 3). Where the Brainard is less deeply characteristic of carbonate rocks. In contrast, where the eroded it is generally overlain by the somewhat younger Brainard is deeply eroded and overlain by argillaceous Elwood or Kankakee Formations. Similarly in northwestern shaly Silurian dolomite, the top is marked by a gradual Illinois the Maquoketa Group undifferentiated is overlain, increase in resistivity and neutron values along with a in ascending order, by the Mosalem, Tete des Mort, Blanding, gradual decrease in gamma ray response (Metropolitan
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 25 Figure 26. Outcrop of the Brainard Formation at the Wacker Southeast Section (locality 10) shows typical muddy slopes and thin beds of dolomite. Photograph of IVlary Barrows, October 1980.
Sanitary District boring DH-71 -86-F-6; Cook County; represent successful spatfalls. Apparently, many clusters W1h NW SE 26, 39N-12E) (fig. 9). The wells on either side were buried rapidly by an influx of carbonate and terri of boring DH-71-86-F-6 in the line of cross section genous mud and were not subjected to significant biogenic (fig. 9) have much thicker Brainard sections and a sharper activity or transport. geophysical discontinuity at the top. The most abundant brachiopods in the Brainard are Strophomena, Megamyonia, Th aerodonta, Lepidocyclus, Platystophia, and to a lesser extent Hebertella, Opikina, Faunal Characteristics Diceromyonia, Hypsiptycha, and Plaesiomys (figs. 16 and The Brainard Formation locally contains an abundant and 17). Some brachiopods appear to be more abundant in one diverse fauna, primarily brachiopods and bryozoans. Other part of northern Illinois than in another; for example, less common macroinvertebrates include bivalves, trilobites, collections from Kane and Cook Counties (localities 14 crinoids, and cornulitids. Although generally well preserved, and 16, respectively) contain large numbers of Megamyonia the fossils are largely dolomitic replacements. Due to and Th aerodonta, whereas collections from Stephenson recrystallization most bryozoans are only identifiable County (locality 6) and Carroll County (localities 7 and 10) to the ordinal level. Whether whole or broken, the fossils show Strophomena to be more abundant. To determine typically are preserved as unabraded, rarely articulated if variations in abundance are real or only apparent, more invertebrates in very argillaceous fine-grained dolomite; intensive collecting is needed both laterally and vertically these rocks are classified as mixed-fossil dolomite wacke within the Brainard. stones. Most fossils appear to have been disarticulated The trepostomes are by far the most abundant and by intense biogenic activity. A few invertebrate groups, widespread of the bryozoans, followed by the much less particularly the brachiopods, occur in clusters that reflect common cyclostomes and cryptostomes. Characteristic a gregarious or nested life mode; they commonly exhibit hemispherical colonies of Prasopora, up to 8 inches (20 cm) a limited range of sizes or growth stages and thus appear to in diameter are particularly common in the upper part of
26 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 Figure 27. Angular unconformity between the Brainard Formation and overlying Kankakee Formation in the Hillside Quarry (locality 16) in Cook County: relief on the Brainard was about 10 ft. Photograph of Anne Graese, October 1980.
the Brainard at many localities. While encrusting the logically classified as fodinichnia or feeding structures, are convex surface of brachiopod shell fragments, many colonies assignable to the form genus Chondrites (fig. 16n). of Prasopora are themselves encrusted with crinoid hold fasts (fig. 16j). Articulated valves of Ambonychia (fig. 16h) are locally NEDA FORMATION common within layers of dolomite mudstone and wacke The youngest formation of the Maquoketa Group was stone. Trilobites are represented primarily by calymenids named the "Neda Iron Ore" by Savage and Ross (1916) and asaphids. Fragments of some lsotelus (fig. 16m) speci for 30 feet (9 m) of oolitic iron ore exposed in a quarry mens indicate that some individuals grew nearly 1 foot near Neda in Dodge County, Wisconsin. The first descrip long. Crinoids collected from the Brainard of northern tions of the formation were made by Hall (1862) and Illinois include Cupulocrinus (fig. 17i), Dendrocrinus, Chamberlin (1877) who correlated it with the Clinton Porocrinus, and two unidentified camerates. Cornulites iron ore of the Appalachian region. Thwaites (1914) (fig. 16c) is very abundant on shaly bedding planes, par further described the Neda ("Clinton") and published a ticularly in the upper part of the Brainard at some localities. map showing the known distribution of iron ore and In addition to the shelly invertebrate fauna the Brainard associated red beds in Wisconsin. A more detailed descrip contains an abundance of interstratal and bedding-surface tion of the Neda in eastern Wisconsin was provided by trace fossils produced by organisms moving on or in the Rosenzweig (1951 ). An analysis of the minerals in the sediment. X-ray radiographs of thinly cut, rock samples Neda iron ore was published by Hawley and Beavan (1934). illustrate the size, shape, and density of these structures Athy (1928) described the Neda outcrops in Kankakee (figs. 28 and 29). Among the most common trace fossils County, Illinois, but referred to the formation as the are systems of branching, cylindrical burrows from 1 to Noix Oolite, an oolitic limestone occurring at the same 13 millimeters in diameter that are either oblique or parallel stratigraphic level in western Illinois and eastern Missouri. to the plane of stratification. Most of these traces, etho- Based on subsurface data Workman (1950) mapped the
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 27 b.
Figure Radiograph {x 1) of very argillaceous, bioturbated Brain· 2S. Figure 29. Radiograph {x 1) of highly bioturbated Brainard shale ard dolomite from sectioned core {Metropolitan Sanitary District (light areas) and dolomite {dark areas) from sectioned core {Metro boring DH-71-65, SW NE NW 25, 41 N-11E; C-94 71, 248 ft deep). politan Sanitary District boring DH-71-65, SW NE NW 25, 41N- Note disruption of bedding by vertical burrow at bottom center. 11E; C-9471, 219 ft deep). Note the abundant pyrite-filled burrows. a. Vertically oriented slab. b. Horizontal slab. a. Vertically oriented slab. b. Horizontal slab.
28 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 distribution of the oolitic iron ore and associated red shale in northeastern Illinois and recognized these as the Neda Formation. In 1963, Templeton and Willman assigned the Neda Formation to the Maquoketa Group.
Lithology The Neda Formation of northern Illinois primarily consists of blackish red (5 R 2/2) to very dusky red (1 0 R 2/2) shale. Also present but slightly less common is a light olive brown (5 Y 5/6), light olive-gray (5 Y 5/2), or greenish gray (5 G 6/1 ) shale. Both types are silty and locally interbedded with thin layers of siltstone and very fine sandstone. Flattened, concentrically layered, elliptical spheroids or ooids distinguish the Neda from adjacent strata. These spheroids are moderate brown (5 YR 4/4) to grayish brown (5 YR 3/2) and 0. 10 to 1.25 millimeters in diameter (most are about 0.50 mm); their composition includes at least 26 varieties of minerals, chiefly goethite, calcite, and halloysite (Hawley and Beavan, 1934 ). Grain-to-grain contact may occur, but spheroids are usually mud supported. There appears to be no preferred orientation of mud supported spheroids; however, where they are densely packed, the flattened surfaces tend to parallel bedding. Generally the surfaces are smooth, including the secon dary surfaces created by broken-off concentric shells. In some areas, the spheroids are loosely cemented by crystalline hematite. Most show no nuclei in thin section. For those that do, the nuclei consist mainly of fragments from other spheroids. Also, spheroids are commonly concentrated in vertical or horizontal burrows 5.0 to 10.0 millimeters wide (fig. 30). The only known outcrops of the Neda Formation in Ill inois are along the Kankakee River (locality 23). The upper 1 foot (0.3 m) of the formation consists of light brown (5 YR 5/6 ) to moderate brown (5 YR 4/4), very argillaceous, calcareous dolomite. The spheroids are com posed of light gray (N 7) crystalline calcite surrounded by a thin layer of clay (fig. 31 ). Underlying th is unit is 3 feet (0.9 m) of moderate brown (5 YR 3/4), very argil laceous dolomite and very dusky red (10 R 2/2) shale, all containing abundant moderate brown (5 YR 4/4) iron-oxide spheroids.
Distribution and Thickness The Neda mainly occurs in the areas where the top of the underlying Brainard Formation contains red shale and dolomite (fig. 32). These areas are situated only where the Maquoketa reaches its maximum thickness of 190 to
Figure Radiograph (x 1) of Neda shale from sectional core 260 feet (57 to 78 m). Previous stratigraphic studies have 30. (Metropolitan Sanitary District boring DH-71 -65, SW NE NW 25, tended to include in the Neda Formation all red shale and 41N-11E; C-9471, 210 ft deep). a. Vertically oriented slab showing dolomite occurring at the top of the Maquoketa, whether iron-oxide spheroids suspended in clayey shale matrix; some spher oids are concentrated in vertical burrows. b. Horizontal slab showing the strata contained iron-oxide spheroids or not. This densely packed spheroids in horizontal burrows. report, however, assigns only the spheroid-bearing strata
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 29 to the Neda. Where observed in outcrop (locality 23) and subsurface (fig. 9) the Neda always occurs above the red shale and dolomite. The Neda ranges from a few inches up to about 15 feet (4.5 m) thick and is confined to a few isolated occurrences in Lake, McHenry, Kane, Cook, Du Page, Kankakee, and Whiteside Counties. Because of its thin and patchy distri bution, the Neda thicknesses are combined with those of the Brainard Formation (plate 1d). Rocks similar to the Neda occur at the same stratigraphic position through a large part of the midcontinent, including Michigan {Nurmi, 1972), Indiana (Gray, 1972), Kentucky (Elwood Atherton, personal communication, 1983), Iowa (Agnew, 1955; Parker, 1971), Missouri (Crane, 1912), and Kansas {Wal lace, 1943).
Stratigraphic Relations In northern Illinois the Neda conformably overlies the Brainard Formation and is unconformably overlain by Figure 31. Photomicrograph (x 15) of dolomitic Neda shale shows Silurian dolomite formations. In northeastern Illinois the calcite spheroids; light area around spheroids contained clay. Col Neda is generally overlain by the Kankakee Formation. lected from upper part of Neda Formation at the Kankakee River Campground Section (locality 23). Sectioned perpendicular to In northwestern Illinois the known occurrences of Neda bedding. are confined to a single township {Sec. 14, 21, and 27,
___ - _ __ iwiNNEs'A'Go-- -o NET MC-HENR-; ----rcAKE r..,JO-DAvlE"s-s------s-rEPH'E'Nsot:i I p!o : I I � ', I I en '-.. I ' • ' I I I .-. 0o \ II • • I • • ) I ,I I1 •eo • I I • ______i____ -,___ _ _.!i __ \_...-�, CARROLL I OGLE ! i L ----L----1--�-DE KALB -KANE- '1 J i i : I I mi ,'\ i '1 r 1 I t:=F3=:=13'.:0==:i:2L----.i:===:=:330:'.:::::=::::i4P I 1 10 20 30 40 50 km /-wHITE:s10E--·1- -
Figure 32. Distribution of the Neda Formation and associated red shale and dolomite of the Brainard Formation in northern Illinois. (Modified from Workman, 1951.)
30 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 21N-7E) in Whiteside County where the formation is over Orogeny. The apron-like thinning of elastics and the lain in part of the area by about 8 feet (2.4 m) of shale, associated decrease in overall grain size from east to west siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone. These overlying imply a source area extending from eastern Pennsylvania deposits were probably reworked from Brainard sediments to northern Virginia and transport of terrigenous material during Silurian time. as far west as Iowa and Minnesota. A small component of the terrigenous sediments (silt and very fine sand) in northern Illinois probably originated in the Ozark Dome Geophysical Log Characteristics and spread northward, mixing with the eastern -derived Like the underlying Brainard Formation, the Neda is material. The elastic sediments interfinger with biogenic characterized by low electrical resistivity and neutron carbonate that probably formed in shallow, well circulated, values. The gamma ray values, however, are in the high warm, clear water (within the zone of effective photo to very high range and rather sharply delineated from those synthesis). of the Brainard. The discontinuity in gamma ray curve Plate 2 illustrates the facies relations within the Maquo between the Brainard and Neda is shown on the geophysical keta of northern Illinois. The distribution of facies was logs in figure 9. An even sharper geophysical discontinuity governed by the interaction of sedimentary material, marks the boundary between the Silurian dolomite for paleobathymetry, and currents. mations and the Neda.
Scales Formation Age and Correlation The Scales Formation was deposited on the relatively pure The Neda Formation is not fossiliferous in northern Ill inois; carbonate rocks of the Galena Group. Although the contact however, Savage and Ross (1916) reported several Rich is unconformable, there is no evidence of subaerial exposure mondian macroinvertebrate species from the Neda at of the Galena of northern llinois before deposition of 1 Cascade Falls near De Pere in Brown County, Wisconsin. the Scales. The pitted, planar, upper surface of the Galena Richmondian is the age that would be expected based on probably was formed by submarine solution. conodont studies in the slightly older Maquoketa strata In northern Illinois, the Scales consists predominantly of eastern Wisconsin (Froming, 1971 ). of nonfossiliferous, light olive-gray to olive-black shale The zones of reddish· brown ferruginous oolites de varying from laminated to intensely bioturbated. Locally scribed by Gray (1972) in unit D of the Maquoketa in the formation contains biogenic carbonates and phospho northeastern Indiana are probably laterally equivalent to rite. The inferred depositional environments are as follows: the Neda. The Neda Formation and · the Noix Oolite of western Illinois and eastern Missouri occur at approximately Laminated olive-gray to olive -black shales appear the same stratigraphic position, but it is not clear whether to have been deposited below compensation depth they are equivalent in age. in an anoxic, infrequently mixed environment. Such conditions are indicated by the scarcity of macrofossils, lack of bioturbation, and predomi
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS nance of elayshale. Th is facies occurs mainly in Based on lithologic (Opdyke, 1962; Ross, 1976; and Witzke, the lower part of the Scales in parts of north· 1980) and paleomagnetic (McElhinny and Opdyke, 1973) eastern Illinois. ° ° data, northern Illinois was probably situated at 10 to 20 south latitude during Cincinnatian time. Opinions differ Bioturbated and indistinctly bedded, light olive on the exact orientation of the equator, but generally gray to olive -gray, dolomitic shales also were authors agree that it crossed North America approximately deposited in a quiet-water environment below in the area of California and passed through Hudson Bay or compensation depth; however, the abundance of the Northwest Territories of Canada. Apparently, the burrows, the lighter color, and local abundance prevailing winds were from the present east to northeast. of asaphid trilobites suggest at least moderately Northern Illinois was situated on a broad shelf in a wide oxygenated waters. Th is facies occurs through continental sea. most of the Scales in northwestern Illinois and in The Maquoketa Group in northern Illinois is part of the upper part of the formation in northeastern a wedge-like prism of terrigenous elastic rocks increasing Illinois. in thickness eastward from approximately 200 feet (60 m) in Illinois, to nearly 1000 feet (300 m) in east-central Biogenic carbonates-dolomite, and to a lesser Indiana (Gray, 1972), to about 6000 feet (1800 m) in extent, lime wackestone, packstone, and grain eastern Pennsylvania (Cook and Bally, 1975). The elastic stone-are present through much of the Scales in sediments derived from volcanic and tectonic lands raised parts of Henry, Bureau, Lee, De Kalb, and Kane within the Appalachian mobile belt during the Taconic Counties (fig. 12). These rocks were deposited in
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 31 shallow, aerated, moderately to highly agitated The locally crossbedded, biogen ic packstones and water of normal marine salinity. Much of the sea grainstones that make up much of the Fort Atkinson floor was populated by a bryozoan-crinoid fa una. formed in highly agitated water; however, the formation At the time the Scales was being deposited, these also contains beds of wackestone with whole, unabraded, carbonates appear to have formed a bank sepa rarely articulated invertebrates that indicate an environ rating deeper shale basins to the east and west. ment of much lower formative ener y. The close inter g bedding of wackestone, packstone, and grainstone resulted Phosphorites occur as thin layers within the shale from frequent changes or local variations in depositional facies and most likely were formed in anoxic to energy. The grainstones probably accumulated in small low-oxygen environments rich in phosphate. bars while the mud-rich wackestones and packstones were Brown ( 1974) suggested that the basal phosphorite deposited in topographic lows. Migration of the bars of the Scales Formation in Iowa originated from would have resulted in interbedding of the mud- and "an upwelling of deep cold nutrient-rich waters grain-supported sediments. into the warm shallow environment of a carbonate In northwestern Illinois shale continued to be deposited shelf." Oceanic upwelling at the continental during Fort Atkinson time; however, beds of biogenic margin along the Ouachita geosyncline has been carbonates were deposited locally in relatively shallow, proposed by Witzke (1980) as a source of phos well aerated water of normal marine salinity. phate-rich water during Maquoketa time. Accord ingly, wind-driven currents created a large-scale quasi-estuarine circulation system in the manner Brainard Formation proposed by Heckel (1977) and Berry and Wilde The fossiliferous Fort Atkinson carbonates are succeeded (1978). The physiographic setting and general over much of northern Illinois by dark greenish gray, wind direction appear to be consistent with this generally nonfossiliferous, laminated to indistinctly bedded interpretation. The several phosphorite layers shale of the basal Brainard Formation. This indicates that occur at various stratigraphic positions in return to a relatively deep, quiet, probably anoxic or the Maquoketa probably were formed during low-oxygen environment with increased influx of terrig recurrent periods of upwelling in which phosphate enous sediment. The thin phosphorite layers in the lower was transported into the area and precipitated. part of the Brainard in Cook County probably formed in topographically low areas receiving phosphate-rich Snyder and Bretsky (1971 ) interpret the diminutive anoxic water. molluscan-dominated fauna that locally occurs in the The basal Brainard shales grade upward to highly phosphorites as "paedomorphic, rather than stunted, bioturbated, greenish gray shale interbedded with argil individuals, wh ich had undergone selection for early matur laceous dolomite mudstone and wackestone. At some ity and high fecundity in a high-stress environmental places, these rocks contain an abundant, diverse, and well setting." As pointed out by Witzke (1978), if the phospho preserved macrofauna. These strata record a gradual change rites were deposited at or near the interface between a in the Brainard sea to shallower, more aerated, moderately transgressive anoxic or low-oxygen water mass and an agitated water of normal marine salinity. Even shallower, upper oxygenated zone, then the diminutive fauna was more agitated water is suggested in parts of Kane, Du Page, probably exposed to recurrent oxygen stresses. During McHenry, Cook, and Lake Counties (fig. 25) where the times of high influx of oxygen -poor, phosphate-rich water, upper part of the Brainard consists of fossiliferous dolomite the benthic faunas presumably were killed and their skele packstone and grainstone. tons were replaced by phosphate. When oxygenated waters The random orientation of bioclasts and the abundant returned, even for short periods, specially adapted, oppor evidence of burrowing throughout the upper part of the tunistic species were able to establish themselves. Brainard indicate extensive biogenic activity. As a result of organic reworking, the beds are commonly irregular, lumpy, and mottled. Disarticulated shelly debris, probably Fort Atkinson Formation produced by burrowing scavengers and deposit feeders In north -central and northeastern Illinois near the end of that swallowed and triturated skeletal debris, largely Scales deposition, the sea gradually became shallower. constitutes these rocks. Concurrently, the influx of terrigenous material decreased. These conditions prevailed during Fort Atkinson time, resulting in deposition of relatively pure carbonates. Neda Formation Shallow, well aerated water of normal marine salinity is Two greatly different explanations for the origin of the Neda indicated by the abundant and diverse macrofauna domi Formation have been proposed : (1) it is a primary deposit, nated by crinoids, bryozoans, and brachiopods. or (2) it is a residuum formed by lateritic weathering.
32 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 In the first interpretation the iron- oxide spheroids boundaries of glauconite grains, or may be pedological or ooids are thought to have formed by primary chemical such as the boundaries of ferruginous blotches or the precipitation followed by mechanical transport and sorting. nuclei of altered rock. Nahon et al. (1980) suggest that Presumably the clayey matrix was carried into the basin "wherever such textures are encountered among ancient from distant sources. Templeton and Willman (1963) iron ores they may be interpreted as paleoexposure considered the Neda to be the westernmost and probably crusts in a tropical environment." uppermost tongue of the Queenston red shale. Nurmi If this mechanism is to apply to the Neda, the period (1972) also considered the Queenston Delta complex to of weathering probably coincided with the regressive be the source of the terrigenous materials in the Neda stage of the Richmondian (late Ordovician) glacio-eustatic equivalents in northern Michigan. drop in sea level. (In Africa, glaciation during Richmondian In a study of the Neda in eastern Wisconsin, Rosenweig time has been well documented [Beuf et al., 1966; Ben ( 1951) cited the cross-bedding, ripple marks, and reworked nacef et al., 1971; Tucker and Reid, 1973; Berry and shale pebbles, in addition to the oolite nuclei composed Boucot, 1973; Legrand, 1974; and Lenz, 1976] .) The most of iron and oolite fragments, as evidence that the Neda compelling support for glacio-eustatic lowering of sea level formed in shallow marine water where waves reworked the in North America is the pronounced widespread uncon sediments. The presence of the Noix Oolite, an undoubted formity occurring at the top of the Ordovician rocks marine deposit of Richmondian age (Thompson and Satter (Dennison, 1976; Lenz, 1976). In northeastern Illinois the field, 1975), at the same stratigraphic position as the Neda unconformity has a maximum relief of about 150 feet in western Illinois and eastern Missouri suggests the possi (45 m), thus indicating a lowered base level of at least that bility of a widespread, shallow marine environment in much. In northeastern Ill inois the drop in sea level was which both Neda and Noix were deposited. The similarity probably caused by a combination of local diastrophism in stratigraphic position and oolitic nature led Athy (1928) (uplift) and glacio- eustatic effects. to misidentify the Neda in Kankakee County, Illinois, Brainard and younger Ordovician sediments would as the Noix Oolite. If the Neda initially formed in a marine have been subaerially exposed in a tropical environment ° ° environment, then more needs to be learned about the (10 to 20 south latitude), which is consistent with the original composition of the oolites and the mechanism that climate of the West African analog. Prolonged exposure produced their present mineralogy and flattened spheroid (late Carodocian to early Llandoverian) in this environment shape. The fact that the spheroids are deformed, variable could have produced the iron oxide-rich strata of the Neda in size, reciprocally interfering, and commonly set in a and perhaps the red coloration of the underlying shales and fine hematitic argillaceous matrix argues against either a dolomites (fig. 24 ). Minor fluctuations in sea level could primary mechanical formation in shallow agitated waters have resulted in the periodic and local reworking of some or a diagenetic replacement of calcareous ooids, which Neda sediments. never show ductile deformation. Accord ing to Bennacef and others (1971 ), rapid DuBois (1945) suggested that the Neda is "a residual, melting of the ice cap followed the glaciation and sea probably lateritic, deposit formed from Maquoketa shale level rose rapidly. Topographically low areas on the weath and limestone or dolomite." This interpretation was also ered, eroded Maquoketa surface were the first to be sub favored by Agnew (1 955) and more recently by Synowiec merged and receive Silurian sed iments. Clay and silt from (1980), who has suggested that a limonitic layer in the the Maquoketa hills were carried into the local basins, upper unit of the Neda Formation at Neda, Wisconsin, forming much of the basal Silurian Wilhelmi and Mosalem is a Paleozoic soil horizon. Formations. The soil interpretation may have a modern analog. Since the Neda occurs only where the Maquoketa is Lateritic weathering has been invoked by Nahon, Carozzi, thickest, in widely separated areas from Kansas to Indiana, and Parron (1980) as a mechanism for generating the Workman (1951 ) has suggested that the Neda was formerly widespread ferruginous ooids in West Africa, similar a widespread stratigraphic unit that was greatly eroded in composition, morphology, and mode of occurrence in pre-Silurian time. Also possible is that the Neda was to those in the Neda. Detailed petrographical and geo formed, at least in part, by lateritic weathering in earliest chemical analyses of a weathering profile at Eboinda, Silurian time while the tops of the Maquoketa hills were Ivory Coast, indicate that successive centripetal concen still exposed. tration and reorganization of iron oxides and hydroxides We favor the hypothesis that the Neda is a product generate ooids in situ from glauconite grains. This is of lateritic weathering rather than a primary deposit; accompanied by a progressive decrease of Si, Mg, and K, however, more information on lithologic variation, distri as well as a corresponding increase in Fe and Al. Accord bution, age, and sedimentology is needed to su bstantiate ingly, the process begins at discontinuities in the lower either interpretation. part of the weathering profiles. The origin of disconti nuities may be sedimentological, such as the external
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P. Beavan, 1934, Mineralogy and genesis of quadrangle: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 55, the Mayville iron ore of Wisconsin: American Mineralogist, p. 33-38. v. 19, p. 493 -514. Bennacef, A., S. Beuf, B. Biju-Duval, DeCharpal, Gariel, and Heckel, P. H., 1977, Origin of phosphatic black shale facies in Penn 0. 0. P. Rognon, 1971 , Example of cratonic sedimentation, lower sylvanian cyclothems of Mid -continent North America: Paleozoic of Algerian Sahara: American Association of Petro American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 61, leum Geolog ists Bulletin 55, p. 2225- 2245. p. 1045-1068. Berry, W.B.N., and A. J. Boucot, 1973, Glacio-eustatic control Kay, Marshall, 1935, Ordovician Stewartville-Dubuque problems: of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian platform sedimentation and Journal of Geology, v. 43, p. 561-590. fau nal changes: Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, Kolata, D. R., and T. C. 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Kulbicki, 1966, Ampleur Morris, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of des glaciations Siluriennes au Sahara; leurs influences et leu rs I nvesti�ations 23, 26 p. consequences sur la sedimentation: Institute Franca is Petro le Legrand, Phillipe, 1974, Essai sur la paleogeographie de l'Ordovicien Revue, v. 21, p. 363-381. au Sahara algerien, Companie Francaise des Petroles: Notes et Brown, E. C., 1974, Phosphatic zone in the lower part of the Memoirs no. 11, p. 121 -138. Maquoketa shale in northeastern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Lenz, A. C., 1976, Late Ordovician-Early Silurian boundary in the Journal of Research, v. 2, no. 2, p. 219-232. northern Canadian Cordillera: Geology, p. 313-31 7. Buschbach, T. C., 1964, Cambrian and Ordovician strata of north McElhinny, M. W., and N. D. Opdyke, 1973, Remagnetization eastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of hypothesis discounted: a paleoma�netic study of the Trenton Investigation 218, 90 p. Limestone, New York State: Geological Society of America Calvin, Samuel, 1906, Geology of Winneshiek County: Iowa Geo Bulletin 84, p. 3697-3708. logical Survey, v. 16, p. 37-146. Nahon, Daniel, A. V. Carozzi, and Claude Parron, 1980, Lateritic Chamber! in, T. C., 1877, Geology of eastern Wisconsin: v. 2, Survey weathering as a mechanism for the generation of ferruginous of 1873-1877, p. 327-335. ooids: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 1287- Cohee, G. V., 1948, Thickness and lithology of Upper Ordovician 1298. and Lower and Middle Silurian rocks in the Michigan Basin, Nurmi, R. D., 1972, Upper Ordovician stratigraphy of the southern U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Series, peninsula of Michigan: Master's thesis, Michigan State Uni Preliminary Chart 33. versity, 48 p. Cook, T. D., and A. W. Bally, 1975, Stratigraphic Atlas of North Opdyke, N. D., 1962, Paleoclimatology and continental drift, in and Central America: Princeton University Press, 272 p. S. K. Runcorn [ed.], Continental Drift: Academic Press, New Crane, G. W., 1912, The iron ores of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of York, p. 41 -65. Geology and Mines, 2nd Series, v. 10, p. 148-149. Parker, M. C., 1971, The Maquoketa Formation {upper Ordovician) Dennison, J. M., 1976, Appalachian Queenston Delta related to in Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Miscellaneous Map Series 1. eustatic sea-level drop accompanying Lake Ordovician glaciation Parker, M. C., F. H. Dorheim, and B. Russell, 1959, Resolving centered in Africa, in M.G. Bassett [ed.], The Ordovician discrepancies between surface and subsurface studies of the System-A symposium: Palaeontological Association, p. 107- Maquoketa Formation of northeast Iowa: Iowa Academy of 120, 696 p. Science Proceedings, v. 66, p. 248 -256. DuBois, E. P., 1945, I. Subsurface relations of the Maquoketa and Piskin, Kemal, and R. E. Bergstrom, 1975, Glacial drift in Illinois: "Trenton" Formations in Ill inois: Illinois Geological Survey thickness and character: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigation 105, p. 7-33. Circular 490, 35 p. Dunham, R. J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according Rosenzweig, Alfredo, 1951, Neda iron ore in eastern Wisconsin: to depositional textures, in W. E. Ham [ed.], Classification Master's Thesis, University of Wisconsin, 57 p. of carbonate rocks-A symposium: American Association of Ross, R. J., Jr., 1976, Ordovician sedimentation in the western Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1, p. 108-121. United States, in M. G. Bassett [ed.] , The Ordovician System Froming, G. T., 1971, Maquoketa Shale, in D. L. Clark [ed.] , A symposium: Palaeontological Association, p. 73- 1 05. Conodonts and biostratigraphy of the Wisconsin Paleozoic: Savage, T. E., 1925, Correlation of the Maquoketa and Richmond Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information rocks of Iowa and Illinois: Illinois Academy of Science Trans Circu lar 19, 151 p. actions (1924) , v. 17, p. 233-247. Glenister, A. T., 1957, The conodonts of the Ordovician Maquoketa Savage, T. E., and C. S. Ross, 1916, Age of the iron ore in eastern Formation in Iowa: Journal of Paleontology, v. 31, p. 715-736. Wisconsin: American Journal of Science, v. 41 , p. 187-193.
34 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 Snyder, Jeremy, and P. W. Bretsky, 1971, Life habits of diminutive eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 540, bivalve molluscs in the Maquoketa Formation (upper Ordo p. 338-342. vician) : American Journal of Science, v. 271, p. 227- 25 1. Tucker, M. E., and P. C. Reid, 1973, The sedimentology and con Swann, D. H., P. B. DuMontelle, R. F. Mast, and L. H. Van Dyke, text of Late Ordovician glacial marine sediments from Sierra 1970, I LLI MAP-a computer-based mapping system for Leone, West Africa: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, I Jlinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 451, 24 p. Palaeoecology, v. 13, p. 289-307. Sweet, W. C., and S. M. Bergstrom, 1976, Conodont biostrati!lraphy Wallace, Lee, 1943, The stratigraphy and structural development of the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the United States of the Forest City Basin in Kansas: Geological Survey of Midcontinent, in M. G. Bassett [ed.] , The Ordovician System Kansas Bulletin 51, p. 42. A symposium: Palaeontological Association, p. 121-151. Webers, G. F., 1966, The Middle and Upper Ordovician conodont Sweet, W. C., R. L. Ethington, and C. R. Barnes, 1971, North faunas of Minnesota : Minnesota Geological Survey Special American Middle and Upper Ordovician conodont faunas: Publication 4, 123 p. Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 127, p. 163-1 93. White, C. A., 1870, Geology of southwestern Iowa: Iowa Geological Synowiec, K. A., 1980, The stratigraphy of the Neda Formation Survey, v. 1, p. 296-381. in eastern Wisconsin, northern Illinois and eastern Iowa: Willman, H. B., E. Atherton, T. C. Buschbach, C. Collinson, J. C. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, Frye, M. E. Hopkins, J. A. Lineback, and J. A. Simon, 1975, no. 5, p. 258. Handbook of Illinois stratigraphy: Illinois State Geological Tasch, P., 1958, Significance of conodont-control of pellet for Survey Bulletin 95, 26 1 p. mation in the basal Maquoketa: Micropaleontology, v. 4, Witzke, B. J., 1978, Recurrent diminutive benth ic communities in the p. 187-191. Maquoketa Group, Upper Ordovician, Midcontinent: Geolog Templeton, S., and H. B. Willman, 1963, Champlainian Series ical Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 10, p. 288. J. (Middle Ordovician) in I I lino is: I Jlinois State Geological Survey Witzke, B. 1980, Middle and Upper Ordovician paleogeography J., Bulletin 89, 260 p. of the reg ion bordering the Transcontinental Arch, in T. D. Thompson, T. L., and I. R. Satterfield, 1975, Stratigraphy and Fouch, and E. R. Magathan [eds. ], Paleozoic Paleogeography conodont biostratigraphy of strata contiguous to the Ordo of West-Central United States-West-Central United States vician-Silurian boundary in eastern Missouri: Missouri Depart Paleogeography Symposium 1: Society of Economic Paleonto ment of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Report of logists and Mineralogists, p. 1-18. Investigations 57, 172 p. Workman, L. E., 1951, Neda Formation in northeastern Illinois: Thwaites, F. T., 1912, Recent discoveries of "Clinton" iron ore in Ill inois State Geological Survey Circular 170, p. 176- 182.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 35 APPENDIX A. Geologic sections of selected outcrops
Thickness Thickness ft m ft m
1. Scales Mound Section 5. Hanover Section Illinois Central Railroad cut on west side of Outcrop on north bank of Apple River at Scales Mound, Jo Daviess County (SW NE dam in Hanover, Jo Daviess County (SE NE SW 26, 29N -2E, Scales Mound West 7. 5- SW 9, 26N -2E, Hanover 7.5 -minute Quad.): minute Quad.). Type section of the Scales basal 4 ft ( 1. 2 m) of Maquoketa Group, Formation. Scales Formation; Galena Group, Dubuque Cincinnatian Series Formation 10 ft (3 m). Maquoketa Group Scales Formation 6. Pearl City East Section Shale, moderate yellowish brown ( 10 YR 5/4), Roadcut on Illinois State Route 26, 2 miles weathered, mostly covered...... 5 1.5 (3.2 km) east of Pearl City, Stephenson Shale, moderate yellowish brown ( 10 YR 5/4) ; County (SW NE NW 11, 26N -6E, Pearl dolomite; lower part contains 2 to 4 in. City 7.5-minute Quad.): Maquoketa Group, (5 to 10 cm) beds of cross- bedded, dolo- upper part of Brainard Formation, approxi mitic siltstone ...... 5 1.5 mately 15 ft (4.5 m). Shale, light olive gray (5 Y 6/1), soft, little or no bedding observable on weathered surface; 7. Lanark Northwest Section several 2 in. (5 cm) beds of argillaceous, Quarry in north bluff of East Fork of Plum very fine-grained dolomite with abundant River immediately west of Carroll County asaphid trilobite fragments at top of unit .. 9.5 2.9 Dam, 6 miles (9.6 km) northwest of Lanark, Shale, greenish gray (5 Y 6/1) to light olive Carroll County (NY:i SE SW 2, 25N -5E, gray (5 Y 6/1), silty, soft...... 3 0. 9 Mt. Carroll 15-minute Quad.): Silurian System Shale, same as above but fissile ...... 3 0.9 dolomite approx imately 20 ft (6.0 km); Phosp horite, light brownish gray (5 YR 6/1) Maquoketa Group, Brainard Formation 20 ft to brownish gray (5 YR 4/ 1), poorly sorted, (6 m). bioturbated, silty; contains phosphatic oo lites, pellets, nodules, and phosphatized 8. Savanna Section diminu itive fossils (Pa/aeoneilo? fecunda, Outcrop in bluff north of intersection of State Nuculites neglectus, Miche/inoceras sociale, Route 84 and U.S. Route 52 in Savanna, Plagioglyp ta iowensis, Liospira sp., and Carroll County (SW SW NW 11, 24N-3E,
Leptobolus sp.) ...... 0.8 0.2 Savanna 7.5-minute Quad.): Maquoketa Group Shale, silty, brownish gray (5 YR 4/ 1) . 3.5 1 (undifferentiated) , approx imately 10 ft (3 m) Phosphorite, same as above 0.2 0.05 containing asaphid trilobites. Champlainian Series Galena Group 9. Mt. Carroll Southwest Section Dubuque Formation Quarry in north side of U.S. Route 52, 2Y:i Dolomite, pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2), miles (4 km) southwest of Mt. Carroll, Carroll fine to medium grained; 4 to 8 in. ( 10 to County (SW NE SW 10, 24N -4E, Savanna 15- 20 cm) wavy beds separated by shaly minute Quad.) . Type section of Argo-Fay Bed. partings; pitted ferruginous surface at top . 10 3 Cincinnatian Series Maquoketa Group 2. Scales Mound Northeast �ection Scales Formation Illinois Central Railroad cut 5 miles (8 km) Shale, light ol ive-gray (5 Y 6/1) to olive northeast of Scales Mound, Jo Daviess County gray (10 YR 5/4), silty, conchoidal fractures; (SY:i NW NW 22, 29N -3E, Shullsburg 7.5- asaphid trilobites occur throughout but are minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group (undifferen most abundant in upper 10 ft (3 m) ; inter tiated) approximately 35 ft (10.5 m). beds of very argillaceous, very fine-grained dolomite in even beds 2 to 6 in. (5 to 15cm) 3. Elizabeth North Section thick; long sinuous tracts 1/16 in. (2 mm) Roadcut on east side of county road 3 miles wide on bedding planes in dolomite . . . . . 35 10.5 (4.8 km) north of Elizabeth, Jo Daviess Shale, hard, brownish black (5 YR 2/1) County (NE NW SE 1, 27N- 2E, Elizabeth to black (N 1), carbonaceous, fissile; upper 7.5-minute Quad.): Maquoketa Group (undif 4 to 5 in. ( 10 to 12.5 cm) contain flattened ferentiated) 8 ft (2.4 m) containing abundant moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) asaphid trilobite fragments. burrows from 1/32 to 1/16 in. (1 to2mm) wide assignable to Ch ondrites (Argo-Fay 4. Stockton Northwest Section Bed, type section)...... 0.3 Roadcut on north side of county road, 1 mile Shale, olive-gray (5 Y 4/ 1). silty conchoidal ( 1.6 km) northwest of Stockton, Jo Daviess fractures, contains abundant linguloid brach- County (SE SW NE 3, 27N-4E, Stockton iopods (Leptobolus sp.) ...... 3 0.9 7.5-minute Quad.): Maquoketa Group, Brain Phosphorite, light brownish gray (5 YR 6/ 1) ard Formation 17 ft (5 m). to brownish gray (5 YR 4/ 1), poorly sorted,
36 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX A. contin ued
Thickness Thickness ft m ft m
bioturbated, silty, friable, pyritic; contains 7.5-minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group, Brain phosphatic oolites, pellets, and nodules and ard Formation 10 ft (3 ml. phosphatized diminuitive fossils (Pa!aeo neilo? fecunda, Nuculites neglec tus, Miche/ 13. Kingston West Section inoceras sociale, P!agioglypta iowensis, Lio Outcrops on both sides of Anne Glidden spira sp., Leptobo/us sp., and Onniella sp.) Road on north side of bridge over K ishwau upper 2 to 3 in. (5 to 7.5 cm) cemented kee River 1% miles (2 km) west of Kingston, by pyrite ...... 0.3 De Kalb County (SW SW NW 21 and SE SE Champlainian Series NE 20, 42N -4E, Kingston 7.5-minute Quad.) : Galena Group ( 108 ft or 32.4 m) Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Formation Dubuque Formation (32 ft 11 in. 10 ft (3 ml. or 9.9 m) Dolomite, argillaceous, fine to medium 14. South Elgin Section grained; 6 to 8 in. ( 15 to 20 cm) even Quarry on north side of State Route 31, beds; thick brown shaly partings; abundant 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of South Elgin, recrystallized crinoidal debris on bedding Kane County (NY:zNW SW 3, 40N -8E, Geneva surfaces; top marked by pitted, ferruginous, 7.5-minute Quad.), and outcrop Y:z mile cryptocrystalline phosphate encrusted sur (0.8 ml south along the ravine south of face with cavities up to 12 in. (30 cm) wide Silver Glen School on the west side of Fox and 12 in. (30 cm) deep filled with over River (NE NE NE 9) (detailed description: lying phosphorite. For description of other Willman, 1973) : Silurian System, Kankakee Galena units see Willman and Kolata (1978). Formation 25 ft 3 in. (7.5 m); Maquoketa Group, Brainard Formation 10 ft (3 ml. 10. Wacker Southeast Section Chicago, Burl ington, and Quincy Railroad 15. North Aurora Section cut 1 mile southeast of Wacker, Carroll Quarry on north side of State Route 5 on east County (NW NW NW 27, 24N -4E, Savanna side of Fox River, mile (0.8 km) southeast Y:z 15-minute Quad.). of North Aurora, Kane County (SW SE SW 3, Cincinnatian Series 38N -8E, Aurora North 7.5-minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group undifferentiated Silurian System, Kankakee Formation 20, Dolomite, moderate yellowish brown (10 YR Elwood Formation 20 ft (6 ml; Maquoketa 4/2), argillaceous, fine to medium grained, Group, Fort Atkinson Formation 6 ft (1.8 m). fossiliferous (crinoids, brachiopods, bryo zoans etc.), in 4 to 6 in. (10 to 15 cm) 16. Hillside Ouarry Section even beds...... 5 1.5 Quarry on north side of Interstate 290 in Shale, pale brown (5 YR 5/2) to grayish red Hillside, Cook County (WY:z SE NE and EY.. ( 10 R 4/2), soft, fossiliferous, interbeds SW NE 17, 39N -12E, Hinsdale 7.5-minute of very argillaceous dolomite in 4 to 6 in. Quad.): Silurian System dolomite approxi (10 to 15 cm) even beds ...... 5 1.5 mately 240 ft (72 ml (see Willman, 1973, Shale, greenish gray (5 G Y 6/1 ) to dark for detailed description) ; Maquoketa Group, greenish gray (5 GY 4/ 1) weathers to pale Brainard Formation 30 ft (9 ml. yellowish brown ( 10 YR 5/4), soft, abundant and diverse fauna (Strophomena sp., P/aes 17. Aux Sable Creek Section iom ys sp., P!atystrophia spp., Lepidocyclus Intermittent exposures along the banks of sp., Gravicalymene? sp., Th aerodonta sp., Aux Sable Creek extending from U.S. Route Hebertel/a sp., Cornulites sp., !sate/us sp., 52 southward to the Kendall-Grundy County Megam yonia unicostata, and Prasopora sp.) ; line, Kendall County (15, 22, 27, 34, 35N -8E, interbeds of fine-grained dolomite in even Yorkville and Minooka 7.5-minute Quad.) : beds, lenses, and nodules up to 4 in. ( 10 cm) Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Formation thick ...... 30 9 approximately 30 ft (9 ml.
11. Belvidere South Section 18. Divine Section Roadcut on east side of Stone Quarry Road Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern Railroad cut % milP. 2Y:z miles (4 km) south of Belvidere, Boone (0.4 km) north of Divine, Grundy County County (SW SW NW 14, 43N -3E, Belvidere (SW SW SE 27, 34N -8E, Minooka 7.5-minute South 7.5-minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group, Quad.) : Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Brainard Formation 5 ft (1.5 ml. Formation 6 ft ( 1.8 m).
12. Garden Prairie East Section 19. Du Page River Section Quarry south of U.S. Route 20, 1Y:z miles Intermittent exposures along the banks of the (2.4 km) east of Garden Prairie in McHenry Du Page River, 2Y:z miles (4 km) north of County (NW NE SW 31, 44N -5E, Riley Channahon, Will County (SW NE SW, SE NE
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 37 APPENDIX A. continued
Thickness ft m
SW, and SE SE NW 33, 35N -9E, Channahon 7.5-minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Formation 6 ft ( 1.8 m).
20. Channahon Northeast Section Small quarry mile (0.8 km) east of inter J.!. section of U.S. Route 6 and Interstate 55, 2J.!. miles (4 km) northeast of Channahon, Will County (NE NE SW 3, 34N-9E, Chan nahon 7.5-minute Quad.) : Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Formation 6 ft (1.8 m).
21. Schweizer West Section Atchinson, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad cut on east side of Des Plaines River 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Mil lsdale, Will County (SE SW SE 35, 35N-9E, Channahon 7.5- minute Quad.). See Willman (1973) for detailed description. Silurian System, Wilhelmi Formation 13 ft 9 in. (7.7 m); Ordovician System, Maquoketa Group, Brainard For mation 15 ft (4.5 m), Fort Atkinson For mation 8 ft (2.4 m).
22. Wilmington South Section Outcrops along east bank of the Kankakee River 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Wilmington, Will County (NW SW NW 1, 32N-9E, Wil mington 7.5-minute Quad.): Maquoketa Group, Fort Atkinson Formation 4 ft (1.2 ml.
23. Kankakee River Campground Section Intermittent outcrops on north side of Kankakee River, mile (1.2 km) west of % Warner Bridge, at Campground of Kankakee River State Park, 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Ritchey, Will County (NE NW SW 36, 32N - 1 OE, Bonfield 7.5-minute Quad.) (See Will man, 1973, for detailed description) : Silurian System, Kankakee Formation 19 ft 8 in. (5.9 m) ; Ordovician System, Maquoketa Group, Neda and Brainard Formation 4 ft (1.2 m).
38 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. We ll records
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Boone County Bureau County continued
Silvius NE SW NW 14, 43N 3E Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE NE 14, 17N 10E 1, Dommers AR-2, North. Ill. Gas Co.
Bureau County Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 4, 17N 11E AR-1, North. Ill. Wallace Engineering NE SE SW 10, 15N 6E Gas Co. Corp. 3, Village of Neponset Vickery Drilling Co. SE SE SE 29, 17N 11E AR-3, North. Ill. James V. Omanson SW NW SE 34, 15N BE Gas Co. 1, Berry Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 28, 18N 10E Vickery Drilling Co. SE NW NW 27, 15N SE LaM -1 Tl-1 R. J. Fogerty NE NE SW 9, 14N 9E Gray Well SW NE SW 34, 16N 7E 1 Kane, Magoon Drilling Co. 2, Buda City Well Carroll County Northern Illinois NW SE NE 35, 16N 7E Gas Co. John Eckel NE SE NW 36, 23N 4E BU-1 1, Thiem, Geo.
Northern Illinois NE NW NW 36, 16N 9E Carroll County SW SW NW 33, 24N 4E Gas Co. Nuclear Power Station Bur-1 B-73
Vickery Drilling Co. NW SW NE 3, 16N 10E Charles Beyer NE NE 23, 25N 3E DM-3 1, Charles Simon
Northern Illinois NW NW NE 6, 16N 10E C. H. Coad & Son NE NE SE 33, 25N 3E Gas Co. 2, Miss. Palisades St. Pk. DM-1 Charles Beyer NW NE 5, 25N 4E Layne Western Co. SE SE SW 35, 16N 10E 1, Wallace Haas 3, Village of De Pue Don Heins SE SW SW 12, 25N 6E Layne Western Co. SW SW NW 10, 16N 11E 2, Kilker, Edwin 1, Joanna Western Mills Co. Don Heins SW SE SW 17, 25N 6E 1, Becker, Maurice R. H. Wehling NW NE NW 34, 16N 11E 11, City of Spring George Lyons NE SW 19, 25N 7E Valley 2, Village of Shannon
Harrington Bros. SE SE NW 8, 17N 6E Varner Well Drilling NE NESW 2, 23N 5E 1, Poty, S. L. 2, Chadwick Village
Vickery Drilling Co. NW NE NW 23, 17N 6E John Eckel SE SE NW 33, 23N 6E MA-3 1, Appel, Fred B.
Vickery Drilling Co. SE SE SE 34, 17N 7E Milaeger Well Co. NW NE SE 4, 24N 3E MA-1 5, Savanna City
Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 25, 17N 9E Charles Beyer NE NE 10, 24N 3E DM-2 116, Bouseman, Thomas E. Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE NE 14, 17N 10E AR-2, North. Ill. Lyons Drilling Co. NE SE SW 9, 24N 4E Gas Co. 60, Mt. Carroll
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 39 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Carroll County continued Cook County contin ued
J. P. Miller Artesian NY, SE 17, 25N 3E Wehling Well Works NE NE NE 2, 37N 13E Well Co. 1, Evergreen 1, N.Y.A. Camp J. P. Miller Artesian NE NW SW 12, 37N 13E Davis & Blackman NW SW SW 27, 25N 3E Well Co. 1, Miss. Palisades St. Pk. 1, Evergreen
Chicago Sanitary Dist. SE NE SE 34, 37N 13E Cook County DH-17
Wehling Well Works NE NE SE 1, 35N 13E Chicago Sanitary Dist. NE SW NE 4, 37N 14E 2-A, Flossmoor SW-5
Northern Illinois NW SE SE 29, 35N 13E Chicago Sanitary Dist. SE NE SW 25, 37N 14E Gas Co. DH-9 147-2 Chicago Sanitary Dist. NE NW NW 36, 37N 14E Wehling Well Works SE NE NE 10, 35N 14E DH-11 5, Glenwood Chicago Sanitary Dist. NW SE 8, 37N 15E S. B. Geiger NW NW NW 28, 35N 14E 1, Falstaff Plant 17, Chicago Heights Chicago Sanitary Dist. NE SW SW 19, 37N 15E Wehling Well Works NE NE SW 7, 35N 15E DH-8 2, Allied Homes Metropolitan Sanitary C-S-line SE SE 9, 38N 12E W. L. Thorne Co. NE NE NW 29, 35N 15E District 1, E. J. & E. R. R. DH-71 -56 {Q- 1) Water Station Metropolitan Sanitary NW NW NW 22, 38N 12E Wehling Well Works NE NE SE 13, 36N 12E District 2, Palos Heights DH-71 -60 (0-2)
Layne Western Co. NW SE SW 22, 36N 12E Metropolitan Sanitary NE NE SE 5, 38N 13E 3, Citizens Util. District Co. of Ill. DH-71 -43-(77)
Wehling Well Works NW SE SW 36, 36N 13E Bradshaw-Praeger & Co. NE NE NE 11, 38N 13E 12, Homewood 1, Chicago
Chicago Sanitary Dist. SE SE NW 1, 36N 14E Milaeger Well Orig. Co.- NE SW SE 5, 38N 14E DH-12 Produce 1, Stock Yards Chicago Sanitary Dist. NE NE SW 9, 36N 14E SW-3 C. R. Smyth & NY. SW 7, 38N 14E P. M. Weinstein Chicago Sanitary Dist. NW SE SE 23, 36N 14E 1, Fleischmann SW-4 Malting Co.
Ch icago Sanitary Dist. NW NW NW 8, 36N 15E Gray-Milaeger Orig. Co. NE NE NW 32, 38N 15E SW-2 3, Illinois Steel Co.
Wehling Well Works NE SW SW 12, 37N 11E Milaeger Well and SE NE NW 8, 39N 12E 1, Dundee Pump Co. 4, City of Bellwood Wehling Well Works NW SW SE 29, 37N 11E 4, Village of Lemont Metropolitan Sanitary NW NW SE 26, 39N 12E District Wehling Well Works NW NW NW 2, 37N 12E DH-71 -86 (F-6) 2, Orchard Hill
40 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. contin ued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Cook County contin ued Cook County contin ued
Chicago Sanitary Dist. SE NE NE 9, 39N 13E Metropolitan Sanitary SW NE 26, 41N 13E DH-4 District DH-71 -7 (28) Metropolitan Sanitary C-E-line SE NE 35, 39N 13E District Wehling Well Works NE SE SE 35, 42N 9E DH-71 -41 (74) 1, W. R. Rose
Metropolitan Sanitary SE NE SW 9, 39N 14E J. P. Miller Artesian NW SW SE 9, 42N 10E District Well Co. DH-71 -57 (54) 1, Village of Palatine
Metropolitan Sanitary SW SE SW 32, 39N 14E Layne Western Co. NW SE SW 25, 42N 10E District 2, Rolling Meadows DH-71 -13 (72) J. P. Miller Artesian SE SW SW 4, 42N 11E Metropolitan Sanitary NW SW NE 22, 40N 12E Well Co. District 45, Buffalo Grove DH-71 -81 (F-2) Milaeger Well and SW SE NE 23, 42N 11E S. B. Geiger & Co. NW NW SE IRR 31, 40N 12E Pump Co. 1, Automatic Electric Co. 6, City of Wheeling
Metropolitan Sanitary C-W/2 W/2 12, 40N 13E Layne Western Co. NW SE SE 14, 42N 12 E District 3, Sunset Ridge DH-71 -10 (45) Country Club
J. P. Miller Artesian SW SW NE 31, 40N 13E Milaeger Well and NW SE NW 32, 42N 12E Well Co. Pump Co. 2, Mars, Inc. 2, Zenith Engineering & Research Metropolitan Sanitary C-SW/4 30, 40N 14E District Metropolitan Sanitary NE NW 35, 42N 13E DH-71 -48 (50) District DH-71 -9-(31) Layne Western Co. SE NE NW 23, 41N 9E 3, Streamwood Hoover Water Well SE NE SE 32, 41 N 12E Utilities Corp. Service 1, O'Hare Inn Layne Western Co. NW NE SW 7, 41N 10E 11, Village of Hoffman Estates De Kalb County Hoover Water Well NE NE NW 34, 41 N 10E Service Leon Butts & Son NE NW SW 13, 38N 5E 19, Village of 1, Custom Farm Service Schaumburg Leon Butts SE NW NW 27, 40N 4E Wehling Well Works NE NE SE 7, 41N 11E 1, R. G. Peterson 4, Village of Rolling Meadows L. Cliff Neely SE SE NW 5, 40N 5E 5, City of Sycamore Metropolitan Sanitary C-NW/4 25, 41N 11E District Richard Tyrrell SW SE NE 27, 40N 5E DH-71 -65 (F-9) 1, K. Goff & E. Johnson Layne Western Co. NE NW SW 1 2, 41N 12E 2, Chicago San. Dist. Jonas Martin NE SW SW 9, 41N 3E 1, Charles Willnett Metropolitan Sanitary C-S-line SW SE 19, 41N 13E District Wm. Tyrrell & Son SW SE SW 10, 41N 5E DH-71 -28 (10) 1, Wm. Fraedrich
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 41 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
De Kalb County continued Du Page County continued
Richard Tyrrell SW NW NW 33, 41N 5E M ilaeger Well and SW SW NE 11, 40N 11E 1, Tyrrells Gravel Co. Pump Co. 5, Bensenville Layne Western NW SW SE 19, 42N 5E 3, Village of Genoa J. P. Miller SE SE NW 35, 40N 11E 6, City of Elmhurst
Du Page County Grundy County Wehling Well Works NW NW SW 2, 37N 11E 1, Ram in Rose South Peoples Gas Light & NE NE NE 25, 31N 6E I Coke Co. Egerer-Galloway NW SE SE 13, 38N 9E 1, Drew, A. 7, Naperville Natural Gas Pipeline NE NE NE 1,31N 7E Layne Western Co. NE SE NW 29, 38N 9E Co. of Amer. 22, City of Aurora 1, Fuller, L.
R. H. Wehling SE SW NW 3, 38N 11E P. Miller Artesian SW SE SW 11, 31N 8E J. 13, Village of Westmont Well Co. 2, Village of South Wehling Well Works SE NE SE 28, 38N 11E Wilmington 1, Brookhaven Manor Water Peoples Gas Light & NW NW NW 31, 31N 8E Coke Co. Milaeger Well and NW NW SE 5, 39N 9E 1, Houberg, M. Pump Co. 5, City of West Chicago Wehling Well Co. SE SW NE 1, 34N 8E 1, City of Minooka Wehling Well Works NE NW NW 15, 39N 9E 4, City of West Chicago Commonwealth Edison NW SW SW 25, 34N 8E Co., et al. S. B. Geiger & Co. NE NE NW 36, 39N 10E 1, Dresden Nuclear 1, Mark Morton Power Station
Layne Western Co. SE SE NE 4, 39N 11E Commonwealth Edison NE NW NE 35, 34N 8E 7, Village of Villa Park Co. 1, Dresden Nuclear Power Station Layne Western Co. SE NW NE 10, 39N 11E 11, The Wander Co. Peoples Gas Light & SW NW NW 26, 31N 7E Coke Co. Layne Western Co. NE SE SE 16, 39N 11 E 1, Rieke, V. 8, Village of Villa Park
Wehling Well Works NW NE NW 33, 39N 11E G. W. Peterson SE SE 4, 31N 8E 6, Village of Oak Brook 1, Gardner City
l.C.R. Syndicate SE NW NW 2, 40N 9E Wehling Well Works NE SW NE 21, 34N 8E 1, Village of Bartlett 2, Amax Aluminum
S. B. Geiger & Co. SW SE SW 29, 40N 9E 1, Howard Aircraft Corp. Henry County
Wehling Well Works NE NW NE 9, 40N 10E Peerless ServiceCo. NE SE NE 21, 14N 1E 5, Village of Roselle 1 -50, Alpha
Wehling Well Works SE NE SE 32, 40N 10E Natural Gas Pipeline SW NW SW 10, 14N 2E 4, Village of Carol Co. of Amer. Stream 1, Brown, T.
42 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Henry County continued Jo Daviess County continued
J. P. Miller Artesian NE SW 30, 14N 2E Charles Beyer NW SE NE 17, 26N 2E Well Co. 1, Robinson, Eddie 2, Woodmill City Charles Beyer SW NE NE 10, 26N 3E Northern llinois SW SW SW 2, 14N 3E 1, Bernhardt 1 Gas Co. GAL-41 Charles Beyer 33, 26N 4E sw sw 1, Charles Hatfield New Jersey Zinc. Co. NW NW NW 13, 14N 3E J-22, Cailberg, W. New Jersey Zinc Co. NE NW SE 36, 27N 1E 0. F-19, McNitt, John Thorpe Bros. NW SW SW 27, 14N 4E 4, Galva City New Jersey Zinc Co. NW SW NW 6, 27N 2E F-22, Chapman, Theron Varner Well Company SE NW SE 4, 14N 5E 4, City of Kewanee Joe Swalley E.L. of NE 20, 27N 2E 1, Funston L. F. Winslow SW NE SW 18, 14N 5E 1, Midland Country Club Charles Beyer NE NE NW 29, 27N 3E 1, Wand, Robert Varner Well & SW NE NE 7, 15N 3E Pump Co. Charles Beyer SE SE NW 7, 27N 4E 3, Village of Cambridge 1, School Dist. No. 44
Smyth & M ilaeger NE NE SW 28, 15N 5E George A. Lyons SW NE 35, 27N 4E 3, Kewanee City 1, Wenzeker, H. J.
Thorpe Well Co. NW NE NE 33, 15N 5E E. H. Miles SW SW SE 31, 28N 2E 5, Walworth Mfg. Co. 1, Galena Territory
Ralph E. Davis NE NW NE 6, 16N 1E George A. Lyons NW NE 32, 28N 4E 1, McWinney, James C. 1, Bradshaw, George Jr.
Ralph E. Davis SW SW SW 30, 16N 1E George A. Lyons NE SE 8, 28N 5E 1, South, E. A. 1, Wickland, Emma
Sewell Well Co. SW SE NE 8, 16N 3E George A. Lyons SE NE 32, 28N 5E 1, Continental 1, Leslie Drane Construction Co. Stanley Coad NW SE NW 20, 29N 2E Geneseo Oil & Gas Co. NE NE 20, 17N 1E 1, Travis, William 1, S. W. Shaffer C. H. Coad SE SE NW 34, 29N 2E Richard Eke SE SE SW 1, 17N 3E 1, Redfern, T. T. 1, Patten New Jersey Zinc Co. SE NE NW 20, 29N 3E L. E. Gray SW NW 36, 17N 4E F-12, Holland, i;:dward 2, Midland Electric Coal Co. C. H. Coad & Son SE NW NE 19, 29N 4E 1, Apple River City Hans H. Dettman SE NW SW 31, 18N 4E 1, Burgeson, June
Kane County
Jo Daviess County Henry Boysen Co. NW NE NW 24, 38N 7E 21, City of Aurora George A. Lyons SE SE 2, 26N 2E 1, Roberts, Russell Layne Western Co. SW SW SE 8, 38N BE 25, City of Aurora
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 43 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Kane County contin ued Kane County con tin ued
Neely & Schimelpfenig SW SE SW 21, 38N 8E Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE NE 21, 40N 6E 1, Oatman Dairy Co. 1, North. Ill. Gas Co.
Layne Western Co. NW SE SW 34, 38N 8E Layne Western Co. NW SE NW 31, 40N 8E 8, Village of Montgomery St. Charles Training School Harry C. Neely SW SW SE 3, 39N 6E 1, Kaneland School
Layne Western Co. NE 6, 39N 7E Kankakee County 4, Elburn Packing Co. Natural Gas Pipeline SW SW SW 19, 30N 9E L. Cliff Neely SW NW SE 2, 39N 8E Co. of Amer. 5, City of Geneva 1, Douglas
Leon Butts SE SE SE 23, 40N 6E Natural Gas Pipeline SW NW NE 4, 30N 9E 1, McMahon, James Co. of Amer. 1, Schultz, W. Wehling Well Works NW SW SW 32, 40N 7E 1, Village of Elburn Carl A. Bays SE SE SW 2, 30N 10E 94, Nat. Gas Storage Co. D. W. Crosby SE SE 14, 40N 8E 1, Henry Stanton Estate Natural Gas Pipeline SW SW NE 17, 30N 10E Co. of Amer. Vickery Drilling Co. 34, 41N 6E 1, Shreffler, E. sw sw sw B-1 Wilson NW SE SW 5, 30N 11W Harry Neely NW SE 19, 41N 7E 1, E. Madison 1, Burl ington Central High School Richmond & Snyder SW SW SW 27, 30N 11W 1, Mason Vickery Drilling Co. SW SW NW 35, 41N 7E B-3 G. Berns NW SW NW 7, 30N 14W 1, Lehigh Stone Layne Western Co. SW NE NE 11,4 1N 8E Co. Quarry 1, City of Elgin Natural Gas Pipeline NE NE NW 35, 31N 9E R. H. Anderson NE SE NW 21, 40N 8E Co. of Amer. 1, Wild Rose Farm 2, Ruder
L. Cliff Neely SE NE NE 9, 41N 6E Carl A. Bays NE NE NE 31, 31N 9E 2, Village of Burlington 49, Nat. Gas Storage Co.
S. B. Geiger & Co. NE NE NW 24, 41N 8E J. P. Miller Artesian NW SE NW 29, 31N 12E 1, Elgin National Well Co. Watch Co. 3, Bradley City
Neely & Schimelpfenig SW NE SW 22, 42N 6E Hughes Oil Co. NW NW SW 24, 31N 13E 1, J. B. I nderrie Dev. Co. 1, Parish
Edward O'Brien SE NE SW 17, 42N 8E Vickery Drilling Co. SE NE NE 7, 32N 11 E 1, Felix Estate KW - 11
Layne Western Co. NW NE SE 5, 38N 7E Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 18, 32N 12E 1, City of Aurora KW-10, North. Ill. Gas Co.
C. W. Crosby & Sons SW NE SW 2, 39N 7E Bays NW NW SW 3, 29N 10E 1, Scott Bros. Farm 9, Nat. Gas Storage Co.
L. Cliff Neely NW SW NW 23, 39N 8E Bays NW NW NE 6, 29N 10E 1, City of Batavia 40, Nat. Gas Storage Co.
44 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Kankakee County continued Lake County
Richardson NW NE NW 5, 31N 10E J. P. Miller Artesian NE SE SE 15, 43N 10E 1, S. Hoekstra Well Co. 2, Kemper Insurance Co. Bays NW NW NW 34, 31N 10E 91, Nat. Gas Storage Co. J. P. Miller Artesian C-WY:. SW 34, 43N 10E Well Co. Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 3, 32N 14E C-84, U.S. Army Nike Site 2, KW-2 Henry Boysen C-SE NW 2, 43N 11E 1, Morse Kendall County Henry Boysen SE NE NW 23, 43N 11E Peoples Gas Light & NW NW SW 12, 35N 8E 2, Ladd Enterprises Coke Co. 9-J S. B. Geiger & Co. SW SW NW 7, 43N 12E 2, A. D. Lasker Peoples Gas Light & SE SE NE 14, 35N 8E Coke Co. Layne Western Co. SE NE SW 33, 43N 12E 5-J 1, Kitchens of Sara Lee
Peoples Gas Light & NW NW SE 26, 35N 8E Layne Western Co. SW SW SW 12, 44N 10E Coke Co. 9, Village of Mundelein 19-J J. P. Miller Artesian SE NE SE 25, 44N 10E Peoples Gas Light & NE NE NE 36, 35N 8E Well Co. Coke Co. 10, Village of Mundelein 1-J George M. Galloway- NE SW NW 21, 44N 11E Wehling Well Works SE NE NE 6, 36N 7E Egerer 1, Fox Lawn Subdivision 11, Village of Libertyville
Peoples Gas Light & SW SW SE 26, 36N 7E Henry Boysen SE NW NE 33, 44N 11E Coke Co. 1, Hawthorne Melody 30-J Farms
Peoples Gas Light & SW NW NW 1, 36N 8E Henry Boysen, Jr. SE NE 6, 44N 12E Coke Co. 1, North Shore Vista 5-Y School
Peoples Gas Light & SW SW SW 22, 36N 8E L. Cliff Neely NE SE NE 20, 44N 12E Coke Co. 3, Village of Lake Bluff 31-J J. P. Miller Artesian NW NE NE 20, 45N 10E Vickery Drilling Co. SE NW NE 7, 37N 6E Well Co. 1, Harold G. Smith 7, Village of Round
Harry C. Neely NW SE SE 27, 37N 7E F. M. Gray, Jr. NE SW SW 26, 45N 10E 1, Hide-a-Way Lakes 1, Grays Lake City
Layne Western Co. NW SW SW 28, 37N 7E Hoover Water Well SE SE SW 14, 45N 11E 1, Yorkville Deep Well Service 1, City of Gurnee Layne Western Co. NE SE NW 6, 37N 8E 1, Caterpillar Henry Boysen SW SW SW 29, 45N 11E 2, Wildwood Subdivision Peoples Gas Light & NE NE NE 33, 37N 8E Coke Co. Hoover Water Well SE NW SW 30, 45N 12E 9-Y Service 1, Palmieri Trailer Park
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 45 APPENDIX B. contin ued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Lake County continued McHenry County
SW SE SW 7, 43N 6E Gray-Milaeger Driiling NY, NW SE 33, 46N 11E Dan Silvius 1, J. R. Simpson, Jr. 1, Arthur Purky
Hoover Water Well NE NE SE 8, 46N 12E Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE SE 27, 43N 6E Service M-6 1, Village of Winthrop Harbor Vickery Drilling Co. SW SW SW 19, 43N 7E M-4 S. B. Geiger & Co. NW SW SW 26, 46N 12E 1, Illinois Beach Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW NW 28, 43N 7E State Park M-5
U.S.G.S. SW NE NW 14, 46N 12E J. P. Miller Artesian SW NE SE 8, 43N 8E 1, llinois Beach Well Co. 1 State Park 1, Modine Mfg. Co.
J. P. Miller Artesian SE SE SE 21, 43N 8E La Salle County Well Co. 1, Material ServiceCo. Vickery Drilling Co. SE SE SE 8, 30N 2E S-74 Vickery Drilling Co. NW NW SW 18, 44N 6E M-2 Northern Illinois SE SE SE 27, 30N 2E Gas Co. Wehling Well Works SE SE SW 33, 44N 8E S-118 7, City of Crystal Lake
L. Wilson SW SW SW 16, 33N 1 E Layne Western Co. NW NW SW 10, 45N 8E 3, Peru City Well 1, The Morton Chemical Co. J. P. Miller Artesian NW NE NW 36, 33N 1E Well Co. Wehling Well Works NW NW NW 15, 45N 8E 4, City of Oglesby 1, Modine Mfg. Co.
J. P. Miller Artesian SW SE SE 32, 34N 1E Varner Well Drilling Co. NW SW SW 33, 46N 5E 1, Holiday Inn 1, Dean Milk Co.
Lee County Ogle County
E. Stevenson SW NE NE 1, 19N 9E C. W. Varner NE NW NE 15, 25N 7E 1, Rahn, James M. 1, Moros Snavely
E. Stevenson SE SW NW 21, 19N 10E Titus Hutmacher NE SW NW 13, 25N 8E 1, J. H. Buckley 1, Zumdahl, Edward H.
E. Stevenson SE NE SE 31, 20N 10E 1, Rabbit C. Putnam County John E. Li berg NW NE NW 6, 20N 8E 1, Austin Co. G. A. Fuller & J. H. Turner NE NE SE 3, 31N 1W 1, McGhiey E. C. Wehling SE SW SE 8, 21N 8E 169, Sauk Valley J. P. Miller Artesian SE SE NE 11, 32N 1W Comm. College Well Co. 2, Village of Standard
Livingston County L. C. Neely EY.of NW 28; 32N 1W 1, Hartman, L. Vickery Drilling Co. NE NW NW 29, 30N 5E LL-1, North. Ill. Gas Co.
46 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. contin ued
County, driller County, driller well no.. farm Location well no., farm Location
Putnam County continued Stephenson County
Northern Illinois NE NW NE 14, 32N 2W George A. Lyons SW NE NE 1, 26N 5E Gas Co. 1, Olthoff, R. Bur-2 George A. Lyons 2, 26N 6E sw sw Charles Keyser NW SW NW 25, 32N 2W 1, Burt, Marvin F. 1, John A. Ruppert George A. Lyons NE SW 29, 26N 6E 1, Liphart, Milton Rock Island County George A. Lyons NW NW 34, 26N 6E Ralph E. Davis SW SE SE 4, 16N 1W 1, Schuman, Elmer Dauffenbach 1, George A. Lyons 17, 26N 7E sw sw Ralph E. Davis NW NW NE 27, 16N 1W 1, Becker, W. 2, McDowell Don Heins SE SW SE 33, 26N BE Northern Ill inois SE NW 13, 16N 2W 2, Oscar Vietmeir Gas Co. RIH-1 Paul Gille SE SE SE 26, 27N 5E 1, H. Berg Water Well Ralph E. Davis SW SW NW 23, 16N 2W 1, Martin George A. Lyons Center line at bottom 23, 27N 6E 1, William Beine Est. Winslow NW NE SW 5, 17N 1E 6, City of Silvis George A. Lyons SW NW 31, 27N 7E 1, Fosler, Dick L. F. Winslow SW SE 33, 17N 1W Wadsworth Stanley M. Coad 1, SW SW NW 33, 27N 6E 1, Milton Flack Ralph E. Davis SE NW SE 13, 17N 2W 1, Moline Consumers George A. Lyons SE NE 12, 28N 5E 1, Buske, Albert Ralph E. Davis NW NW SE 36, 17N 2W 1, Nowack George A. Lyons EY.of SE 13, 28N 5E 1, Stouffer, Sadie Thorpe Well Co. NW NESE 19, 18N 1E 5, E. Moline State Hospital Whiteside County Thorpe Drilling Co. SE NW NW 32; 18N 1E 3, Silvis Natural Gas Pipeline SE SE SW 11, 19N 4E Co. of Amer. Thorpe Well Co. SW SW SE 25, 18N 1W 1-PR, Thompson, R. E. 4, East Moline City Edward Lee Wirth NW SW NW 27, 19N 4E C. W. Varner SE SW NW 31, 18N 1W 1, Guils 1, International Harvester Co. Wehling Well Works SE NE NE 18, 21N 5E 4, City of Morrison Varner Well Drilling SW NW 35, 18N 2W 3, Peerless Milk Prod. Wehling Well Works SW SE NW 25, 21N 6E 1, Armour and Co. Jones & Schmeiser SE SW 25, 19N 1E 3, Village of Byron J. S. Feltus NW NE NE 35, 21N 6E 1, Hopkins Wehling Well Works NES E NE 18, 20N 2E 4, Commonwealth James F order SW SW SE 12, 21N 7E Edison Co. 1, Farm and Fleet Store
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 47 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller County, driller well no., farm Location well no., farm Location
Whiteside County continued Will County continued
Layne Western Co. NE NE SW 14, 21N 7E Peoples Gas Light & NE NE NE 4, 33N 11E 1, Sterling State Police Coke Go. Dist. 1 1, Fitzgerald, R.
J. H. Allabaugh NW SW SE 21, 21N 7E Peoples Gas Light & NE SE NE 32, 33N 11E 1, Miami Hotel Coke Co. 1, McQueen, R. Layne Western Co. SE NW NW 27, 21N 7E 1, Russell Burdsall Ward Peoples Gas Light & SW SE SW 7, 33N 12E Coke Co. Jos. Egerer N center line of SW 28, 22N 3E 1, Anderson, E. 3, Fulton City Well Vickery Drilling Co. SW SE SW 27, 33N 12E Clarence Ju ist NE NE NW 5, 22N 5E KW -12, North. Ill. Gas Co. 1, Wolsterholm Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE NE 1, 33N 13E Don Heins SW SE NE 2, 22N 6E KW-3 1, Wm. Specht Peoples Gas Light & SE SE SE 22, 33N 13E Don Heins SE SE NE 11, 22N 6E Coke Co. 1, Hammer, Art 1, Schultz, H.
Jerome F. Morse E.L. of SE 11, 19N 7E Peoples Gas Light & SW SW SW 18, 33N 14E 1, Carl Sheldon Coke Co. 1, Stuenkel Neely & Schimelpfenig NE NE NE 5, 19N 5E 1, Eclipse Lawn Mower Co. Mi Iaeger Well and SE SE SE 3, 34N 9E Pump Co. A. A. Potter NW SW NE 25, 21N 3E 1, Amoco Chemical Corp. 1, Holcomb Layne Western Co. NE NE SW 25, 34N 9E 9, Kankakee Ordinance Will County Work
Wehling Well Works SE NE SW 1, 32N 9E Wehling Well Works NE NW SW 34, 34N 9E 1, Wilmington School 2, Chicago Joliet Livestock Center Wehling Well Works NE NW NE 19, 32N 9E 1, Commonwealth Layne Western Co. SE SE SW 7, 34N 10E Edison Co. 1, Peoples Gas Co. Sng Plant Layne Western Co. SW NE SE 36, 32N 10E 1, Kankakee River Boys Peoples Gas Light & SE SW SE 12, 34N 11E Camp Coke Co. 1, Yunker, F. Wehling Well Works SW SW SW 4, 33N 9E 1, Des Plaines Dept. of Peoples Gas Light & SE SE SE 34, 34N 11E Conservation Coke Co. 1, Johnson, C. Wehling Well Works NE NW NW 36, 33N 9E 3, City of Wilmington Vickery Drilling Co. NE NE NE 15, 34N 12 E KW-14, North. Gas Co. 111. J. P. Miller Artesian NE SE NE 9, 33N 10E Well Co. Vickery Drilling Co. SE NE NE 35, 34N 12E 1, Elwood Ordinance KW- 18, North. Ill. Gas Co. Plant Group Peoples Gas Light & NE NE SE 31, 34N 13E S. B. Geiger NW NE NE 16, 33N 10E Coke Co. 1, Elwood Ordinance 1, Zirzow, F. Plant Group
48 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 528 APPENDIX B. continued
County, driller well no., farm Location
Will County continued
Richard H. Wehling NW SW SW 27, 34N 14E 1, Plum Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant
Wendall E. Wehling SE SW NE 1, 35N 9E 11D, City of Joliet
Peoples Gas Light & NW NW NW 20, 35N 9E Coke Co. 7-J
J. P. Miller Artesian NE SW SE 7, 35N 10E Well Co. 1, Joliet
S. B. Geiger & Co. SE SE NE 30, 35N 10E 2, Blackson Chemical Co.
J. P. Miller Artesian NW NW NW 5, 35N 11E Well Co. 2, Joliet Site
Vickery Drilling Co. SW NW SW 27, 35N 11E N LX-1, North. Gas Co. 111.
Nelson et al. SW NE 25, 35N 12E 1, J. R. McGlashan
Layne Western Co. SW SW SE 4, 36N 9E 4, Village of Plainfield
Wendell E. Wehling NW NE SW 25, 36N 9E 12D, City of Joliet
Joliet Pump Co. (Bruce NW NW NW 35, 36N 10E Highland Dev. Assoc.) 1, Fairmont Subdivision
J. P. Miller Artesian NW SW SW 31, 36N 11E Well Co. 3, Joliet (Bricks Farm) Site
Layne Western Co. NW NW SW 12, 37N 9E 1, Naperville
J. P. Miller Artesian NE NE SW 25, 37N 10E Well Co. 1, Lemont Manu- facturing Co.
Northern Gas Products Co. S/2 NW NE 36, 37N 10E (McCarthy Engr.) N/2 SW NE 1, 2, 3, 4, Lemont
Peoples Gas Light & NE NW NE 22, 34N 14E Coke Co. 1, Munz, J.
THE MAQUOKETA GROUP IN ILLINOIS 49
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