DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology, Land-Use, and Water Quality: Lessons from Big Spring

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology, Land-Use, and Water Quality: Lessons from Big Spring Geology, Land-use, and Water Quality: Lessons from Big Spring Bob Libra – State Geologist of Iowa Iowa Geological & Water Survey Iowa D.N.R. The rock sequence in the Turkey River Watershed: All units are aquifers except the Maquoketa Shales. The Cedar Valley, Silurian, and Galena rocks are particularly karst-prone. Karst Aquifers move LOTS of water! Geography and Geology of Big Spring ? BTLUW BTLUE VD24 BTLD BOOGD ? L23S L22T Dc05 T17 F08 F47 GL01 ? RC02 JSW TR01 N USA BIG SPRING BASIN 0 6 miles 0 10 km CLAYTON COUNTY GEOLOGIC MAP UNITS EXPLANATION SILURIAN Silurian dolomites (Blanding, Tete des Morts, Mosalem Fms.) Private well ORDOVICIAN Surface-water site Maquoketa Formation (Brainard Shale Member) Gaged tile-line site Maquoketa Formation Big Spring (Ft. Atkinson, Clermont, Elgin Members) Groundwater-basin divide Galena Carbonates (Dubuque, Wise Lake, Dunleith Fms.) Cross section C A B Groundwater ro Elevation G undwater Divide in Divide meters feet 400 1200 Q 1150 S nk o SU Sinkhole Area i h le Area Q k k e 1100 e Q Omf k e e r r Q e e C C r s Omf d C t r 1050 350 r r Q a e e w b Q v l o o mf i O H R 1000 S a Og w Omf n o le alluvium 950 l a f G Og r e of G ric t p al met 900 a To ena entio 300 w pot d n u o ocks 850 r ate r carbon G haly Og s shale 800 dp na O e le Sandston Ga St. Peter 250 750 of se p Ba Os 700 Osh 650 1 1/2 0 1 mile GEOLOGIC UNITS 1 1/2 0 1 kilometer Decorah, Platteville, Holocene alluvium Omb Maquoketa Formation Odp (stream deposits) Brainard Shale Member and Glenwood Fms. St. Peter Sandstone Q Quaternary deposits Omf Maquoketa Formation Osp undiferentiated loess, till, etc. Ft. Atkinson, Clermont, and Elgin Members Shakopee Formation SU Silurian dolomites Og Galena carbonate rocks Osh NO3 in water and N-Inputs to Big Spring Basin mg/L 3000 60 Payment-in-Kind 3000 set-aside program 2500 Fertilizer-N 50 2500 10 Big Spring 2000 40 Groundwater NO3 2000 3 -N 1500 30 3 NO Metric Tons-N Metric 1500 NO Tons-N 5 1000 20 1000 500 10 500 Manure-N (and Soil-N) 0 0 0 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Graph with event at different watershed scales Big Spring Water Years 1982-2000 cm inches 50 NO3-N load 120 Annual Basin mg/L kg Precipitation 45 14 900,000 110 Annual FW Mean NO -N 40 3 100 12 750,000 Annual NO3-N Load 90 35 600,000 10 80 30 450,000 70 8 25 300,000 60 6 150,000 50 20 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 4 0 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 mcm ac-ft Atrazine load 60,000 µg/L kg 70 Annual Groundwater 10.0 70 Annual FW Mean Atrazine Discharge 60 50,000 5.0 60 Annual Atrazine Load 50 50 40,000 40 40 1.0 30,000 30 30 0.5 20 20,000 20 10 10 10,000 0.1 0 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 Nitrogen Input Reductions Basin average fertilizer-nitrogen rates Average Yield Rotation All corn 1st-year corn 2nd-year corn Continuous Continuous after alfalfa after alfalfa corn corn yields Year .......................................lbs N/Acre........................................ Bushels/Acre 1981 174 123 160 178 128 1982 174 123 ... 178 138 1984 158 115 155 169 130 1986 147 96 ... 153 149 1987 149 84 121 157 141 1988 141 84 124 151 79* 1989 138 82 125 148 147 1990 123 66 121 145 145 1991 117 59 112 131 138 1992 117 ... ... 128 165 1993 115 55 117 124 110** * drought lowered yields in the basin and across Iowa ** frequent rains lowered yields in the basin and across Iowa Nitrate – Big Spring Groundwater Row – Crop: 45% 57% 64% 71% (1982) (1992) (2002) (2009) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stratographic Coloumn of Iowa
    Iowa Stratographic Column November 4, 2013 QUATERNARY Holocene Series DeForest Formation Camp Creek Member Roberts Creek Member Turton Submember Mullenix Submember Gunder Formation Hatcher Submember Watkins Submember Corrington Formation Flack Formation Woden Formation West Okoboji Formation Pleistocene Series Wisconsinan Episode Peoria Formation Silt Facies Sand Facies Dows Formation Pilot Knob Member Lake Mills Member Morgan Member Alden Member Noah Creek Formation Sheldon Creek Formation Roxana/Pisgah Formation Illinoian Episode Loveland Formation Glasford Formation Kellerville Memeber Pre-Illinoian Wolf Creek Formation Hickory Hills Member Aurora Memeber Winthrop Memeber Alburnett Formation A glacial tills Lava Creek B Volcanic Ash B glacial tills Mesa Falls Volcanic Ash Huckleberry Ridge Volcanic Ash C glacial tills TERTIARY Salt & Pepper sands CRETACEOUS "Manson" Group "upper Colorado" Group Niobrara Formation Fort Benton ("lower Colorado ") Group Carlile Shale Greenhorn Limestone Graneros Shale Dakota Formation Woodbury Member Nishnabotna Member Windrow Formation Ostrander Member Iron Hill Member JURASSIC Fort Dodge Formation PENNSYLVANIAN (subsystem of Carboniferous System) Wabaunsee Group Wood Siding Formation Root Formation French Creek Shale Jim Creek Limestone Friedrich Shale Stotler Formation Grandhaven Limestone Dry Shale Dover Limestone Pillsbury Formation Nyman Coal Zeandale Formation Maple Hill Limestone Wamego Shale Tarkio Limestone Willard Shale Emporia Formation Elmont Limestone Harveyville Shale Reading Limestone Auburn
    [Show full text]
  • Rock Stratigraphy of the Silurian System in Northeastern and Northwestern Illinois
    2UJ?. *& "1 479 S 14.GS: CIR479 STATE OF ILLINOIS c. 1 DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Rock Stratigraphy of the Silurian System in Northeastern and Northwestern Illinois H. B. Willman GEOLOGICAL ILLINOIS ""SURVEY * 10RM* APR 3H986 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John C. Frye, Chief Urbano, IL 61801 CIRCULAR 479 1973 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Time-stratigraphic classification 3 Alexandrian Series 5 Niagaran Series 5 Cayugan Series 6 Regional correlations 6 Northeastern Illinois 6 Development of the classification 9 Wilhelmi Formation 12 Schweizer Member 13 Birds Member 13 Elwood Formation 14 Kankakee Formation 15 Drummond Member 17 Offerman Member 17 Troutman Member 18 Plaines Member 18 Joliet Formation 19 Brandon Bridge Member 20 Markgraf Member 21 Romeo Member 22 Sugar Run Formation . „ 22 Racine Formation 24 Northwestern Illinois 26 Development of the classification 29 Mosalem Formation 31 Tete des Morts Formation 33 Blanding Formation 35 Sweeney Formation 36 Marcus Formation 3 7 Racine Formation 39 References 40 GEOLOGIC SECTIONS Northeastern Illinois 45 Northwestern Illinois 52 FIGURES Figure 1 - Distribution of Silurian rocks in Illinois 2 2 - Classification of Silurian rocks in northeastern and northwestern Illinois 4 3 - Correlation of the Silurian formations in Illinois and adjacent states 7 - CM 4 Distribution of Silurian rocks in northeastern Illinois (modified from State Geologic Map) 8 - lis. 5 Silurian strata in northeastern Illinois 10 ^- 6 - Development of the classification of the Silurian System in |§ northeastern Illinois 11 7 - Distribution of Silurian rocks in northwestern Illinois (modified ;0 from State Geologic Map) 2 7 8 - Silurian strata in northwestern Illinois 28 o 9 - Development of the classification of the Silurian System in CO northwestern Illinois 30 10 - Index to stratigraphic units described in the geologic sections • • 46 ROCK STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SILURIAN SYSTEM IN NORTHEASTERN AND NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS H.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Printable Version of the Geology and Why It Matters Story
    Geology and Why it Matters This story was made with Esri's Story Map Journal. Read the interactive version on the web at http://arcg.is/qrG8W. The geology, landforms and land features are extremely important components of watersheds. They influence water quality, hydrology and watershed resiliency. Every watershed has critical areas where water interacts with and mobilizes contaminants, including non-point and point source contributions to surface water bodies. Where and how nutrients, bacteria and/or pesticides are mobilized to reach surface water can be better understood through a careful study of subsurface hydrology, or hydrogeology, which, according to the Iowa Geological and Water Survey Bureau, “allows better identification for sources, pathways and delivery points for groundwater and contaminants transported through the watershed’s subsurface geological plumbing system.” Diagram courtesy of Iowa DNR Iowa Geological Survey The highly developed karst topography and highly permeable bedrock layers of the Upper Iowa River increase the depth from which actively circulating groundwater contributes to stream flows, making an understanding of the hydrogeology even more important. Fortunately, the Iowa Geological and Water Survey Bureau completed a detailed mapping project of bedrock geologic units, key subsurface horizons, and surficial karst features in the Iowa portion of the Upper Iowa River watershed in 2011. The project “provides information on the subsurface part of the watersheds, which is necessary for evaluating the vulnerability of groundwater to nonpoint-source contamination, the groundwater contributions to surface water contamination, and for targeting best management practices for water quality improvements.” The map on the right shows the surface elevation of bedrock in the state of Iowa and the Upper Iowa River Watershed.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Oil Possibilities of the Illinois Basin
    s Ccc 36? STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION DEEP OIL POSSIBILITIES OF THE ILLINOIS BASIN Alfred H. Bell Elwood Atherton T. C. Buschbach David H. Swann ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John C. Frye, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR 368 1964 . DEEP OIL POSSIBILITIES OF THE ILLINOIS BASIN Alfred H. Bell, Elwood Atherton, T. C. Buschbach, and David H. Swann ABSTRACT The Middle Ordovician and younger rocks of the Illinois Basin, which have yielded 3 billion barrels of oil, are underlain by a larger volume of virtually untested Lower Ordovician and Cambrian rocks. Within the region that has supplied 99 percent of the oil, where the top of the Middle Ordovician (Trenton) is more than 1,000 feet be- low sea level, less than 8 inches of hole have been drilled per cubic mile of the older rocks. Even this drilling has been near the edges; and in the central area, which has yielded five- sixths of the oil, only one inch of test hole has been drilled per cubic mile of Lower Ordovician and Cambrian. Yet drilling depths are not excessive, ranging from 6,000 to 14,000 feet to the Precambrian. More production may be found in the Middle Ordovician Galena Limestone (Trenton), thus extending the present productive regions. In addition, new production may be found in narrow, dolomitized fracture zones in the tight limestone facies on the north flank of the basin . The underlying Platteville Limestone is finer grained and offers fewer possibilities. The Joachim Dolomite oil- shows occur in tight sandstone bodies that should have commercial porosity in some re- gions.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin (Wisconsin Geological
    MAP 508 • 2021 Bedrock geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin DODGE COUNTY Esther K. Stewart 88°30' 88°45' 88°37'30" 88°52'30" 6 EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS Tunnel City Group, undivided (Furongian; 0–155 ft) FOND DU LAC CO 630 40 89°0' 6 ! 6 20 ! 10 !! ! ! A W ! ! 1100 W ! GREEN LAKE CO ! ! ! WW ! ! ! ! DG-92 ! ! ! 1100 B W! Includes Lone Rock and Mazomanie Formations. These formations are both DG-53 W ! «49 ! CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS !! ! 7 ! !W ! ! 43°37'30" R16E _tc EL709 DG-1205 R15E W R14E R15E DG-24 W! ! 1 Quaternary ! 980 ! W W 1 ! ! ! 6 DG-34 6 _ ! 1 R17E Os Lake 1 R16E 6 interbedded and laterally discontinuous and therefore cannot be mapped 1 6 W ! ! 1100 !! 175 940 Waupun DG-51 ! 980 « Oa ! R13E 6 Emily R14E W ! 43°37'30" ! ! ! 41 ¤151 B «49 ! ! ! ! Opc ! Drew «68 ! W ! East ! ! ! individually at this scale in Dodge County. Overlies Elk Mound Group across KW313 940 ! ! ! ! ! ! 940 ! W B ! ! - ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! !! Waupun ! W ! Undifferentiated sediment ! ! W! B 000m Cr W! ! º Libby Cr ! 3 INTRUSIVE SUPRACRUSTAL 3 1020 ! ! Waupun ! DG-37 W ! ! º 1020 a sharp contact. W ! 50 50 N ! ! KS450 ! ! ! IG300 ! B B Airport ! RO703 ! ! Brownsville ! ! ! ! ! ! 1060 ! ROCKS W ! ! ROCKS Unconsolidated sediments deposited by modern and glacial processes. 940 ° ! Qu ! W Br Rock SQ463 B ! Pink, gray, white, and green; coarse- to fine-grained; moderately to poorly 980 B River B B ! ! KT383 ! ! Generally 20–60 feet (ft) thick; ranges from absent where bedrock crops ! !! ! ! ! ! ! Su Lower Silurian ° ! ! ! ! ! 940 860 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! sorted; glauconitic sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone with variable W ! B B B ! ! ! 980 ! ! ! 780 ! Kummel !! out to more than 200 ft thick in preglacial bedrock valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Oil Production in the Tuscola Area, Illinois
    124 KUItOfS GEOLOGICAL S SURVEY LIBRARY 14.GS: 4^ ^ CIR 424 :. 1 STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Geology and Oil Production in the Tuscola Area, Illinois H. M. Bristol Ronald Prescott ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John C. Frye, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR 424 1968 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/geologyoilproduc424bris GEOLOGY AND OIL PRODUCTION IN THE TUSCOLA AREA, ILLINOIS H. M. Bristol and Ronald Prescott ABSTRACT The Tuscola Anticline, in east-central Illinois, lies astride the complex LaSalle Anticlinal Belt and dips steeply westward into the Fairfield Basin and gradually eastward into the Murdock Syncline. The anticline is broken into two structural highs, the Hayes Dome and the Shaw Dome. Pleistocene sediments, 50 to 250 feet thick, cover the area. Pennsylvanian sediments cover much of the area, thinning to expose an inlier of Mississippian, Devonian, and Silurian rock north of Tuscola. The basal Cambrian for- mation, the Mt. Simon Sandstone, is penetrated by only two wells. Oil production from the Kimmswick (Trenton) com- menced in 1962 from the R. D. Ernest No. 1 Schweighart well, near Hayes, and as of January 1, 1968, approximately 30 wells were producing oil. Cumulative oil production as of January 1, 1968, is approximately 94,000 barrels. The potential pay zone is confined to the upper 5 to 100 feet of structure and to the upper 125 feet of the Kimmswick, whose permeability ranges from 0.1 to 2. millidarcys, av- eraging 0.6, and whose porosity ranges from 2 to 12 per- cent.
    [Show full text]
  • Braidwood-Ufsar
    BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR CHAPTER 2.0 - SITE CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS 2.1-1 2.1 GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.1-1 2.1.1 Site Location and Description 2.1-1 2.1.1.1 Specification of Location 2.1-1 2.1.1.2 Site Area Map 2.1-1 2.1.1.3 Boundaries for Establishing Effluent Release Limits 2.1-2 2.1.2 Exclusion Area Authority and Control 2.1-3 2.1.2.1 Authority 2.1-3 2.1.2.2 Control of Activities Unrelated to Plant Operation 2.1-3 2.1.2.3 Arrangements for Traffic Control 2.1-3 2.1.2.4 Abandonment or Relocation of Roads 2.1-3 2.1.3 Population Distribution 2.1-4 2.1.3.1 Population Within 10 Miles 2.1-5 2.1.3.2 Population Between 10 and 50 Miles 2.1-5 2.1.3.3 Transient Population 2.1-6 2.1.3.4 Low Population Zone 2.1-7 2.1.3.5 Population Center 2.1-8 2.1.3.6 Population Density 2.1-9 2.1.4 References 2.1-9 2.2 NEARBY INDUSTRIAL, TRANSPORTATION, AND MILITARY FACILITIES 2.2-1 2.2.1 Locations and Routes 2.2-1 2.2.2 Descriptions 2.2-3 2.2.2.1 Description of Facilities 2.2-3 2.2.2.2 Description of Products and Materials 2.2-3 2.2.2.3 Pipelines 2.2-3 2.2.2.4 Waterways 2.2-4 2.2.2.5 Airports 2.2-4 2.2.2.6 Projections of Industrial Growth 2.2-5 2.2.3 Evaluation of Potential Accidents 2.2-5 2.2.3.1 Determination of Design Basis Events 2.2-5 2.2.3.1.1 Explosions 2.2-5 2.2.3.1.2 Flammable Vapor Clouds (Delayed Ignition) 2.2-6 2.2.3.1.3 Toxic Chemicals 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.4 Fires 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.5 Collisions with Intake Structure 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.6 Liquid Spills 2.2-7 2.2.4 References 2.2-7 2.0-i REVISION 9 – DECEMBER 2002 BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE
    [Show full text]
  • IGS 2015B-Maquoketa Group
    ,QGLDQD*HRORJLFDO6XUYH\ $ERXW8V_,*66WDII_6LWH0DS_6LJQ,Q ,*6:HEVLWHIGS Website Search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
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report : Illinois Natural Areas Inventory
    illliii'p ]i i iiiilffl,'isiPSi fJi J! ! tUl! on or '"'^" before ,he La.es. Da.e !;S;ed ^1" .H.'W I .') 2001 MAR JUL 14 ^4 I 3 2003 AUG 1 8 1994 JIOV J^;.; 'J 4 M J! J OCT 9 1996 14 m 1 3 Wr1337 2007 JUL 1 8 DEC 07 1997 »r! I 1997 APR 91998 MAR 1811393 LI6I—O-l09« ILLINOIS NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY TECHNICAL REPORT UNIVERSITY OF AT L . _ .-AIGN BOOKSIAQKa TECHNICAL REPORT ILLINOIS NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY performed under contract to the ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION by the DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS • URBANA-CHAMPAIGN and the NATURAL LAND INSTITUTE ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS This study was conducted for the State of Illinois pursuant to Contract #50-75-226 of the Illinois De- partment of Conservation. The study was financed in part through a planning grant from the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior, under provisions of the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (PL 88-578). Illinois Department of Conservation personnel re- sponsible for preparing the Request for Proposals and coordinating the work included John Schweg- man, contract liaison officer, and Dr. Edward Hoff- man, Dr. Robert Lee, Marlin Bowles, and Robert Schanzle. Published November 1978 Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana For additional Information Natural Areas Section Illinois Department of Conservation 605 Stratton Building Springfield, Illinois 62706 Dv\ '^^ Thf Illinois Natural Areas hwfutory u'os a 3-year project to find and describe natural areas for the Illinois Department of Consen'ation.
    [Show full text]
  • Presented to the Uníversity of Manítoba Ín Partial Fulfillment of the Requírements for the Degree of Master of Science
    UPPERMOST ORDOVICIAN AND LOI^IERMOST SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND SOLITARY RUGOSE CORALS OF THE EAST-CENTRAL UNITED STATES Robert J. McAuleY A thesis presented to the Uníversity of Manítoba ín Partial fulfillment of the requírements for the degree of Master of Science I^linnipeg, Manítoba 1985 UPPERMOST ORDOVICIAN AND LOWERMOST SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND SOLITARY RUGOSE CORALS OF THE EAST-CENTRAL UNITED STATES BY ROBERT J. MCAULEY A tlresis st¡bmitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Ma¡litoba in partial fulfìll¡ne¡rt of the requiretttettts of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE o 1985 Permission has been grartted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVER- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis. to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to microfilnr this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The author reserves other publicatiolt rights, altd neitlter tlte thesis nor extensive ext¡acts from it may be printed or other- wise reproduced without the author's written perntissiott. l_ CONTENTS 1 Abs trac t Introduc tíon 4 Abbrevíations and RePositories 8 9 Acknowledgments Stratígraphic Sections and Collectíons 10 Eastern I.^Jísconsin 11 l1 Northeastern Illinoís . Eastern lowa 13 i3 Nor thr¿estern I11inoís T4 Northeastern Missourí . Southeastern Míssouri 15 16 Eastern Oklahoma I6 South-central Oklahoma StratígraPhY and SolitarY Rugose Corals 18 South-central Oklahoma 18 1B Lí thos tra tigraPhY Biota 23 24 Age of units Depositional envíronments 25 26 Northeastern Oklahoma LithostratígraPhY .. 26 26 Bio ta 26 Age of uníts 29 Depo sitional environments Southern Illínois and Southeastern 1l- Missouri 30 30 Lí thos tra tigraPhY 30 Bío ta Age of uníts 36 Depositíonal envíronments' 3l Northeastern Míssourí and 38 üles t-central Illinois 3B Li tho s tra tigraPhY Biota ..
    [Show full text]
  • Geology for Planning in St. Clair County, Illinois
    465 � JSGS-- -OIL & 6AS s SECJIGN--=fltES 14.GS: STATE OF ILLINOIS CIR465 c.4 DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND ED UCATION GEOLOGY FOR PLANNING IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS Alan M. Jacobs, compiler ILLINOIS ST ATE GEOLOGIC AL SURVEY John C. Frye, Chief Urbana, IL 61801 CIRCULAR 465 1971 GEOLOGY FOR PLANNING IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS Alan M. Jacobs, compiler ABSTRACT St. Clair County lies in southwestern Illinois across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri . One-fifth of the total land surface of 673 square miles is on flood­ plains of the Mississippi and Kaskaskia Rivers and Silver Creek. The floodplains are underlain by as much as 120 feet of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The remaining fo ur­ fifths of the land surface is on uplands that contain flat or dissected plains, low ridges and mound-shaped hills, about 20 square miles of strip mines , and an area of karst topog­ raphy. The uplands are underlain by as much as 75 feet of till and sand and gravel, and generally 12 to 3 0 feet of loess and related silt; however, near the Mississippi River bluffs there are more than 100 feet of loes s and related silt. These deposits have been redistributed into spoil piles in the strip mines. Ben<ilath these deposits or cropping out in places are gently sloping beds of limestone, shale, sand­ stone, siltstone, clay stone, and coal. Thinly layered, frac­ tured limestone underlies the area of karst topography. Mineral and water resources are abundant in the county . Limestone of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology and Diagenesis of the Cyclic Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician) Pike County, Missouri
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1970 Petrology and diagenesis of the cyclic Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician) Pike County, Missouri Edwin Carl Kettenbrink Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Department: Recommended Citation Kettenbrink, Edwin Carl Jr., "Petrology and diagenesis of the cyclic Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician) Pike County, Missouri" (1970). Masters Theses. 5514. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5514 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. .,!) l PETROLOGY AND DIAGENESIS OF THE CYCLIC MAQUOKETA FORMATION (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) PIKE COUNTY, MISSOURI BY EDWIN CARL KETTENBRINK, JR., 1944- A THESIS submitted to the faculty of UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - ROLLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY Rolla, Missouri 1970 T2532 231 pages c. I Approved by ~ (advisor) ~lo/ ii ABSTRACT The Maquoketa Formation (Upper Ordovician-Cincinnatian Series) has been extensively studied for over one hundred years, but a petrographic study of its cyclic lithologies has been neglected. The following six distinct Maquoketa lithologies have been recognized in this study in Pike County, Missouri& 1) phosphatic biosparite, 2) phos­ phorite, 3) micrite-microsparite, 4) dolomitic shale, 5) dolomitic marlstone, and 6) dolomitic quartz siltstone. Three cycle types are present in the Maquoketa. They are expressed as thin beds (1-20 inches) of alternating micrite-shale, micrite-marlstone, and shale-siltstone.
    [Show full text]