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Exploring Urban Growth Management Insights from Three Cities

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Exploring Urban Growth Management Insights from Three Cities 44973 Public Disclosure Authorized Exploring Urban Growth Management Insights from Three Cities June 15, 2008 Urban Development Unit Finance, Economics and Urban Department Sustainable Development Network Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized QUITO mm (Ecuador) XI’AN Public Disclosure Authorized (PRC) HYDERABAD (India) AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was produced under the supervision of Laszlo Lovei, FEU Director, Abha Joshi-Ghani, Sector Manager, and Mila Freire, Senior Advisor, FEU and Task Manager of this work. Analytical work, write- up and consultations were carried out by PADECO Co., Ltd under the leadership of Douglas Webster1 as Urban Growth Management Expert and Christopher Rose as Transport Specialist and Study Coordinator. The work was conducted between June 2006 and May 2008. The final discussion in the World Bank took place in March 2008. The report includes five chapters. In addition to the Executive Summary, Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the study and analytical framework. The individual city cases are described and discussed in Chapters 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Full, unabridged city reports are also available. Many people were involved in the production of this report. Christine Kessides prepared the first proposal, terms of reference and initiated the selection of consultants. A steering committee with Bank staff reviewed the proposals, refined the outline and selected the cities which were eventually used in analysis. The steering committee was chaired by Mila Freire and included Daniel Hoornweg, Richard Beardmore, Robert Buckley, Songsu Choi, Catherine Farvacque-Vitkovic, and Madhu Raghunath. Peer reviewers were Alexandra Ortiz, Richard Green, Arjun Altaf, and Ellen Hamilton. Daniel Hoornweg and Madhu Raghunath provided extra assistance in reviewing the various contributions and in identifying sources of information at the local level. The team is appreciative of the effort made by the consultant’s team and the collaboration of the city authorities in Quito, Xi’an and Hyderabad as well as local researchers and experts who contributed to the analysis with data and specific insights. 1 Dr. Douglas Webster is Professor in the Global Institute for Sustainability and the School of Global Studies at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, USA. ii Exploring Urban Growth Management: The Case of Three Cities ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank BOT Build Operate Transfer BRT Bus Rapid Transit CBD Central Business District ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia-Pacific ETDZ Ecological and Technological Development Zone EUR Extended Urban Region FAR Floor Area Ratio FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GoAP Government of Andhra Pradesh GoI Government of India GHMC Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation HA Hectare HTDZ High Technology Development Zone HUDA Hyderabad Urban Development Authority ITC Information Technology Center ITDP Institute for Transportation Development and Policy LRT Light Rapid Transit MCH Municipal Council Hyderabad MDMQ Municipio de Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (Municipality of the Metropolitan District of Quito) MEAD Municipal Engineering Administration Department MR Metropolitan Region MRT Mass Rapid Transit NMV Non Motorized Vehicle PPP Public Private Partnership PTC Xi’an Public Transport Company RMB Ren Min Bi (Chinese Yuan) SEZ Special Economic Zone SOE State Owned Enterprise TVE Township and Village Enterprise USD United States Dollars XETDZ Xi’an Economic and Technological Development Zone XHTDZ Xi’an High Technology Development Zone ULCA Urban Land Ceiling Act WB World Bank iii Exploring Urban Growth Management: The Case of Three Cities CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................vi 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives and Approach.............................................................................................................2 2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................3 2.1 Background..................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Urban Growth Dynamics.............................................................................................................4 2.3 Lessons Learned ........................................................................................................................29 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................33 3.1 Summary of Comparative Analysis...........................................................................................33 3.2 Key Points and Recommendations............................................................................................36 3.3 Policy Implications....................................................................................................................38 Tables Table 1. Comparison of Key Policy Themes ...............................................................................................ix Table 2. Comparison of Key Challenges .....................................................................................................ix Table 3. Poverty Incidence in three cities 2001............................................................................................5 Table 4. Annual Increase in Motorization ..................................................................................................10 Table 5. Vehicle Ownership per 1000 People.............................................................................................10 Table 6. Relationship between GDP Growth and Car Ownership..............................................................18 Table 7. Comparison of Key Policy Themes ..............................................................................................36 Table 8. Comparison of Key Challenges ....................................................................................................36 Figures Figure 1. Tension Between Opposing Centrifugal / Centripetal Forces .......................................................3 Figure 2. Demographic Growth Rates 1991-2001 ........................................................................................5 Figure 3. Demographic Growth Rate Trends................................................................................................5 Figure 4. Quito Economic Structure (2006)..................................................................................................7 Figure 5. Population Densities by Urban Category ......................................................................................9 Figure 6. Peri-Urban Density Change 1991-2001: Hyderabad, Quito and Xi’an .........................................9 Figure 7. Incidence of Poverty....................................................................................................................15 Figure 8. Economic Structure .....................................................................................................................16 Figure 9. Xi’an Economic Structure (2003)................................................................................................16 Figure 10. Urban Density Change 1991-2001: Xi’an and Hyderabad........................................................17 Figure 11. Urban Density (Built Up Contiguous City)...............................................................................17 Figure 12 Variation of Public Transport Network Density in Xi’an...........................................................18 Figure 13. Income Distribution...................................................................................................................22 Figure 14. Suburban Density Change 1991-2001: Hyderabad, Quito and Xi’an .......................................24 Figure 15. Key Drivers of Urban Form.......................................................................................................26 Figure 16. Ease of Urban Redevelopment (Looseness of Urban Fabric)....................................................27 Maps Map 1. Locations of the Study Cities............................................................................................................1 Map 2. Quito Spatial Dynamics....................................................................................................................8 Map 3. Xi’an Spatial Dynamics..................................................................................................................20 Map 4. Hyderabad Spatial Dynamics .........................................................................................................23 iv Exploring Urban Growth Management: The Case of Three Cities Annexes Annex 1: Quito Case Study......................................................................................................................... 43 Annex 2: Xi’an Case Study........................................................................................................................
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