Natural Resources Systems Programme Project Report1
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6y ~;c"ariJ f!1tetc"er I .< • '"Ii> I ;. 1 ." ; QQ[-tll~(]aJI. Q(]lLtrt tQ1;-l~LQLl(]latvy ~llL(it(]~ -,,' // THE ADLITH BROWN MEMORIAL LECTURE SERIES I. 1985 Bahamas Courtney Blackman "A Heterdox Approach to the Adjustment Problem" 2. 1986 St. Kitts Maurice Odie "Transnational Banks and the Problems of Small Debtors" 3. 1987 Belize William Demas "Public Administration for Sustained Development" 4. 1988 Trinidad & Edwin Carrington Tobago "The Caribbean and Europe in the I 990s" 5. 1989 Barbados Bishnodat Persaud "The Caribbean in Changing World: We Must Not Fail" 6. 1990 Guyana Karl Bennett "Monetary Integration in CAR/COM 7. 1991 Belize Owen Jefferson "Liberalization of the Foreign Exchange System in Jamaica', 8. 1992 Bahamas Havelock Brewster "The Caribbean Community in a Changing lnternational Environment Towards the Next Century" 9. 1993 Trinidad& Richard Bernal Tobago "The Caribbean Caught in the Cross Currents of Globalization and Regional ism" 10. 1994 Jamaica Dwight Venner "Institutional Changes in the Process of National Development: The Case for an Independent Central Bank" 11. 1995 St. Kitts Neville Nicholls "Taking Charge of Our Future Development" 12. 1996 Trinidad & Richard Fletcher Tobago "After Four Decades of Economic Malpractice: What are The Options For The Caribbean?" Richard Fletcher, an economist and an attorney-at-law, is a Jamaican national who lives and works abroad but who shares a strong sense of continued commitment to the Caribbean Region, having been a member ofthe early group ofWest Indian Social Science students at The University ofthe West Indies. Mr. Fletcher studied Economics at The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, graduating with a B.Sc. -
Global Governance, Poverty and Inequality
Global Governance, Poverty and Inequality In the first decade of the twenty-first century the world experienced a series of crises that have combined to exacerbate already profound conditions of global economic inequality and poverty in the world’s poorest countries. In 2007, the unsound lending practices that caused a collapse in the US housing market ushered in a broader economic crisis that reverberated throughout the global financial system. This economic shockwave had a global impact, triggering not just instability in other industrialized countries, but also in their developing counter- parts, also highlighting deficiencies in the current structures of global governance to protect the world’s poorest and most disadvantaged. In these times of crisis, it is important to question the capacity and the appropriateness of existing global governance approaches to address both poverty and inequality. This work seeks to critically evaluate the role of global governance mechanisms for dealing with these pressing issues. With a focus on both formal and informal governance mechan- isms, and drawing leading scholars together from a range of disciplines, this collection offers sharp analyses of the successes and failures of the global system in tackling the pressing problems of poverty and inequality. Jennifer Clapp is the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) Chair in Global Environmental Governance and Professor in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Rorden Wilkinson is Professor of International Political Economy in the School of Social Sciences and Associate Director of the Brooks World Poverty Institute (BWPI) at the . Routledge Global Institutions Edited by Thomas G. -
San Andrés, Old Providence and Santa Catalina (Caribbean Sea, Colombia)
REEF ENVIRONMENTS AND GEOLOGY OF AN OCEANIC ARCHIPELAGO: SAN ANDRÉS, OLD PROVIDENCE AND SANTA CATALINA (CARIBBEAN SEA, COLOMBIA) with Field Guide JÓRN GEISTER Y JUAN MANUEL DÍAZ República de Colombia MINISTERIO DE MINAS Y ENERGÍA INSTITUTO COLOMBIANO DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA INGEOMINAS REEF ENVIRONMENTS AND GEOLOGY OF AN OCEANIC ARCHIPELAGO: SAN ANDRÉS, OLD PROVIDENCE AND SANTA. CATALINA (CARIBBEAN SEA, COLOMBIA with FIELD GUIDE) INGEOMINAS 2007 DIAGONAL 53 N°34-53 www.ingeominas.gov.co DIRECTOR GENERAL MARIO BALLESTEROS MEJÍA SECRETARIO GENERAL EDWIN GONZÁLEZ MORENO DIRECTOR SERVICIO GEOLÓGICO CÉSAR DAVID LÓPEZ ARENAS DIRECTOR SERVICIO MINERO (e) EDWARD ADAN FRANCO GAMBOA SUBDIRECTOR DE GEOLOGÍA BÁSICA ORLANDO NAVAS CAMACHO COORDINADORA GRUPO PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA, ATENCIÓN AL CLIENTE Y COMUNICACIONES SANDRA ORTIZ ÁNGEL AUTORES: 315RN GEISTER Y JUAN MANUEL DÍAZ REVISIÓN EDITORIAL HUMBERTO GONZÁLEZ CARMEN ROSA CASTIBLANCO DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN GUSTAVO VEJARANO MATIZ J SILVIA GUTIÉRREZ PORTADA: Foto: Estación en el mar Cl. San Andrés: Pared vertical de Bocatora Hole a -30 m. El coral Montastraea sp. adoptó una forma plana. Agosto de 1998. IMPRESIÓN IMPRENTA NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA CONTENT PREFACE 7 1. GENERAL BACKGROUND 8 2. STRUCTURAL SETTING AND REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE ARCHIPÉLAGO 9 2.1 Caribbean Piafe 9 2.2 Upper and Lower Nicaraguan Rises 9 2.3 Hess Escarpment and Colombia Basin 11 2.4 Islands and atolls of the Archipelago 12 3. CLIMATE AND OCEANOGRAPHY 14 4. GENERAL CHARACTERS OF WESTERN CARIBBEAN OCEANIC REEF COMPLEXE (fig. 7) -
Fostering Growth and Development in Small States Through Disruptive Change: a Case Study of the Caribbean
The Centre for International Governance Innovation THE CARIBBEAN PAPERS A Project on Caribbean Economic Governance Fostering Growth and Development in Small States through Disruptive Change: A Case Study of the Caribbean Avinash D. Persaud Caribbean Paper No. 11 October 2011 An electronic version of this publication is available for download at: www.cigionline.org Addressing International Governance Challenges THE CARIBBEAN PAPERS Summary About the Caribbean Economic The desks of civil servants in small states are stacked with Governance Project yellowing consultancy reports from multilateral agencies on the need to generate sustainable jobs and growth, This project convened researchers and attract investment, bolster infrastructure and institutions, leaders within the private and public sectors and improve the efficiency and reduce the expense of to examine and provide substantive answers government. The real question is not what, but why? Why, and policy prescriptions to current economic in spite of everything we know, are many small states, governance challenges facing the Caribbean especially those in the Caribbean, trapped in a zone of low region. The papers were initially presented at growth, stagnation or relative decline? Policy makers face CIGI workshops, where the authors benefited physical and financial constraints and implementation from extensive comments and discussion on deficiencies, but the overriding constraint, even more so their work. This series presents and discusses than in other countries, is political economy. policy issues pertaining to trade, investment, human capital, the fiscal outlook, public sector The economic framework shapes the political structure, management practices and other issues relevant making it difficult for governments to reshape the to the Caribbean region’s economic future. -
Download.Cfm?File=Wp264.Pdf> Gaventa, J
JOURNAL CONTENTS OF EASTERN Articles Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies Page CARIBBEAN Gender Dynamics and Approaches to Sexuality as a Key to Well-Being STUDIES Annecka Marshall, Sajoya Alcott and Lorna Eaton 1 Vol. 35 No.2 June 2010 The Emergence of a Montserratian Disaster Literature: An Introduction Sir Howard Fergus 20 Solid Waste Management in the Caribbean Thomas Kinnaman 38 Public Policy Lecture Caribbean Migration: Challenges to Leadership Rosina Wiltshire 61 Vol. 35 No. 2 June 2010 Commentary Stepping Out of the Shadows, There was Carice, Haiti: It was (and will be) Co-governance to Support Public Actions Emmanuel Asomba 80 Contributors 92 Announcement and Call for Papers – Bildner Center 93 for Western Hemisphere Studies Cuba Project Announcement and Call for Papers - SALISES 12th 96 Annual Conference Editorial Staff Information for Contributors Editor-in-Chief Prof. Andrew Downes Presentation Managing Editor Dr. Don Marshall Publication Assistant Mrs. Deidre Carrington-Skeete Most articles submitted for publication should be less than 6000 words, with an abstract of no more than 100 words, setting out the main concerns and findings along with key words of the article. Authors should submit: Editorial Advisory Board a. Two copies of manuscripts including references, with double-spaced typing on one side of each page Prof. Sir Hilary Beckles UWI, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados only; and Prof. Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner City College of New York, USA b. Brief biographical notes with full name and associated organization, on a separate page. Prof. Sir Howard Fergus UWI, School of Continuing Studies, Montserrat Dr. Len Ishmael Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, St. -
발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [Ts] Abu Zaby
발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [ts] Abu Zaby → United Arab Emirates [ts] Aden → Yemen [ye] Aden (Protectorate) → Yemen [ye] Admiralty Islands → Papua New Guinea [pp] Aegean Islands → Greece [gr] Afars → Djibouti [ft] Afghanistan af Agalega Islands → Mauritius [mf] Agrihan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aguijan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Ahvenanmaa → Finland [fi] Ailinglapalap Atoll → Marshall Islands [xe] Ajman → United Arab Emirates [ts] Alamagan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aland Islands → Finland [fi] Albania aa Aldabra Islands → Seychelles [se] Algeria ae Alofi → Wallis and Futuna [wf] Alphonse Island → Seychelles [se] American Samoa as Amindivi Islands → India [ii] Amirante Isles → Seychelles [se] Amsterdam Island → Terres australes et antarctiques francaises [fs] Anatahan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Andaman Islands → India [ii] Andorra an Anegada → British Virgin Islands [vb] Angaur Island → Palau [pw] Angola ao Anguilla am Code changed from [ai] to [am] Anjouan Island → Comoros [cq] Annobon → Equatorial Guinea [eg] Antarctica ay Antigua → Antigua and Barbuda [aq] Antigua and Barbuda aq Arab Republic of Egypt → Egypt [ua] Arab Republic of Yemen → Yemen [ye] Archipielago de Colon → Ecuador [ec] Argentina ag Armenia (Republic) ai Arno (Atoll) → Marshall Islands [xe] Arquipelago dos Bijagos → Guinea-Bissau [pg] 발행국명 코드 지시 Aruba aw Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) → Saint Helena [xj] Ascension Island (Micronesia) → Micronesia (Federated States) [fm] Ashanti → Ghana [gh] Ashmore and Cartier Islands ⓧ ac → Australia [at] Asuncion Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Atafu Atoll → Tokelau [tl] Atauro, Ilha de → Indonesia [io] Austral Islands → French Polynesia [fp] Australia at Austria au Azerbaijan aj Azores → Portugal [po] Babelthuap Island → Palau [pw] Bahamas bf Bahrain ba Bahrein → Bahrain [ba] Baker Island → United States Misc. -
Guideline for Implementation of Ansi Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, Dependencies, and Areas of Special Sovereignty
FIPS PUB 104 NBS RESEARCH INFORMATION CENTER FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS PUBLICATION 1983 SEPTEMBER 19 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards GUIDELINE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ANSI CODES 104 FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF NAMES PUB OF COUNTRIES, DEPENDENCIES, AND AREAS OF SPECIAL SOVEREIGNTY FIPS ««jEGORY: DATA STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 468 ^CATEGORY: REPRESENTATIONS AND CODES • A8A3 #104 1983 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Foreword The Federal Information Processing Standards Publication Series of the National Bureau of Standards is the official publication relating to standards adopted and promulgated under the provisions of Public Law 89-306 (Brooks Act) and under Part 6 of Title 15, Code of Federal Regulations. These legislative and executive mandates have given the Secretary of Commerce important responsibilities for inproving the utilization and management of computers and automatic data processing in the Federal Government. To carry out the Secretary's responsibilities, the NBS, through its Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, provides leadership, technical guidance, and coordination of Government efforts in the development of guidelines and standards in these areas. Comments concerning Federal Information Processing Standards Publications are welcomed and should be addressed to the Director, Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234. James H. Burrows, Director Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology Abstract This Guideline implements ANSI Z39.27, Structure for the Representation of Names of Countries of the World for Information Interchange, of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI Z39.27 adepts, with qualifications, the entities, names, and cpdes prescribed by ISO 3166, Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, a standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). -
San Andres Y Providencia
San Andres y Providencia Overview: San Andres and Providencia is an archipelago in the Caribbean, and one of ColombiaÂ’s 32 Departments. Territory: The Department is composed of the three main islands of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, and eight atolls (Alicia Bank, Serranilla Bank, Bajo Nuevo Bank, Quita Sueno Bank, Serrana Bank, Roncador Bank, Cayos del Este Sudeste, and Cayos de Albuquerque). San Andres and Providencia are both a long chain of hills skirted by coastal plains. Originally the islands were covered by lowland tropical rainforest, but this has been mostly destroyed. Location: 710 km (440 miles) northwest of Cartagena, Colombia; 180 km (110 miles) off eastern coast of Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea. Latitude and Longitude: 12 58 N, 81 68 W Time Zone: GMT -5 Total Land Area: 44 EEZ: 350000 Climate: The archipelago has a humid, tropical lowland climate with average year-round temperatures of 27 degrees celsius. The islands are humid for six months of the year and hot and dry for the remaining six months. Average annual rainfall is 2,000 mm (1,900 mm in San Andres, and 1,532 mm in Providencia). Natural Resources: Fertile soil, marine resources. ECONOMY: Total GDP: 2002 229,600,000.00 USD 2001 220,800,000.00 USD 2000 269,570,000.00 USD Per Capita GDP: 2002 2,964.64 USD 2001 2,926.68 USD 2000 3,669.43 USD % of GDP per Sector: Primary Secondary Tertiary 2002 3.48% 0.76% 95.76% 2000 2.6% 0.5% 96.9% % of Population Employed by Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary External Aid/Remittances: Any aid that comes to the islands is coming from a national level. -
Ecotourism in a Small Caribbean Island: Lessons Learned for Economic Development and Nature Preservation
ECOTOURISM IN A SMALL CARBBEAN ISLAND: LESSONS LEARNED FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE PRESERVATION l By VANESSA ANNE VERE SLINGER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Program for Studies in Tropical Conservation Fellowship (PSTC) supported this research through the Compton Foundation, and a College of Liberal Arts and Sciences McLaughlin Dissertation Fellowship. Government agencies in Dominica helped throughout the period of research including NDC, the Dominican Ministry of Tourism, and the Dominican Ministry of Forestry. The DCA, and the DHTA were very helpful in providing data and suggestions. Numerous individuals aided and supported my research efforts in Dominica: the Aird family, Maria Bellot, the Grell family, Lenox Honychurch, Ma Bass, and Charles Maynard. I am particularly indebted to all the people involved in the tourism industry, both in private businesses and local conservation agencies, who took time to sit with me and answer questions or converse about tourism on the majestic and beautiful Caribbean island of Dominica. On a personal note, I am truly blessed to be surrounded by the love and encouragement of lots of friends and family too numerous to mention here. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my committee members for their guidance and support: my chair. Dr. Nigel Smith, Dr. Cesar Caviedes, Dr. Barbara McDade, Dr. Hugh Popenoe, and Dr. Peter Hildebrand. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Edward Malecki for his support and advice in several aspects of my academic career. -
Gender Transformations in the Trinidad Carnival Author Uses the Presence
P. De Freitas Disrupting the nation : gender transformations in the Trinidad Carnival Author uses the presence and performance of women in Trinidad's Carnival, and the narratives surrounding them, to comprehend the linkages between Carnival and the Trinidadian national identity, between gender and the nationalist project. She contends that the public debates surrounding the perceived 'feminization' of Carnival are highly charged because it both exposes the dilemma of post-colonial nation-building and strikes at the heart of the nationalist project. In: New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73 (1999), no: 1/2, Leiden, 5-34 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl PATRICIA A. DE FREITAS DISRUPTING "THE NATION" : GENDER TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE TRINIDAD CARNIVAL INTRODUCTION Annually, between the Christian seasons of Christmas and Lent, the twin- island "nation" of Trinidad and Tobago devotes a considerable amount of resources and energy to Carnival activities.1 A season in its own right, the Carnival culminates in a two-day street celebration marked by music, dancing, and masquerade performances. Historically, Trinidad's Carnival2 has served as a social barometer of sorts, registering the ethos, fantasies, ideals, and contests of the society, what Victor Turner (1986:41) has called the hopelessly intermingled indicative and subjunctive "moods" of a culture. In turn, Carnival has had a profound effect on the Self-conscious- ness and behavior of Trinidadians as a people. Each year, Carnival is known, and sometimes expected, to generate a controversy or highly con- tentious issue. Some controversies are year-specific and often confined to the organizational bodies responsible for the planning and performance of the Carnival. -
Counter-Memorial of the Republic of Colombia
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE TERRITORIAL AND MARITIME DISPUTE (NICARAGUA v. COLOMBIA) COUNTER-MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA VOLUME I 11 NOVEMBER 2008 III TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW A. The Case before the Court . 1 B. The Framework for the Case . 5 (1) THE QUESTION OF SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE MARITIME FEATURES OTHER THAN THE ISLANDS OF SAN ANDRÉS, PROVIDENCIA AND SANTA CATALINA . 5 (2) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 82ºW MERIDIAN WITH REGARD TO THE QUESTION OF SOVEREIGNTY . 6 (3) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 82ºW MERIDIAN WITH REGARD TO MARITIME DELIMITATION . 7 C. The Structure of this Counter-Memorial . 8 PART ONE – THE COLOMBIAN ARCHIPELAGO OF SAN ANDRÉS Chapter 2. THE ARCHIPELAGO A. Introduction . 13 B. The Components of the Archipelago . 15 (1) SAN ANDRÉS . 18 (2) PROVIDENCIA . 20 (3) SANTA CATALINA . 20 (4) ALBURQUERQUE . 22 (5) EAST-SOUTHEAST CAYS . 24 (6) RONCADOR . 26 (7) SERRANA . 28 (8) QUITASUEÑO . 30 (9) SERRANILLA . 33 (10) BAJO NUEVO . 33 C. The Archipelago as a Unit . 36 (1) THE ISLANDS AND CAYS OF THE ARCHIPELAGO WERE CONSIDERED AS A GROUP THROUGHOUT THE COLONIAL AND POST COLONIAL ERA . 36 IV (2) THE ISLANDS AND CAYS OF THE ARCHIPELAGO CONSIDERED AS A GROUP DURING THE 20TH CENTURY . 53 (3) TEXTBOOKS AND MAPS DESCRIBING THE CAYS AS PART OF THE ARCHIPELAGO . 60 D. Conclusion . 74 PART TWO – COLOMBIA’S SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE CAYS Chapter 3. THE ROOTS OF COLOMBIA’S TITLE AND ITS EXERCISE OF SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE CAYS A. Introduction . 79 B. The Royal Order of 1803 . 83 C. The Government of the Archipelago after 1803 . -
C. Aprica – C. Langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae)
Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 348-370, 2003 Copyright 2003 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea – C. aprica – C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae) SVEN ZEA1 AND ERNESTO WEIL2 1Departamento de Biologı´a y Centro de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar – CECIMAR, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, INVEMAR, Cerro Punta de Betı´n, A.A. 10-16, Santa Marta, Colombia, [email protected] 2Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Islas Magueyez Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 908, Lajas, Puerto Rico 00667, [email protected] ABSTRACT.—In the Caribbean Sea, brown to brown-black sponges that both excavate and encrust calcar- eous substratum are variably and confusedly reported as Cliona caribbaea, C. aprica and/or C. langae (Family Clionaidae, Order Hadromerida). They extend sideward undermining and displacing live coral tissue. To resolve the taxonomy of the species, detailed observations and sampling were carried out in Colombia, Venezuela, Curac¸ao, Belize, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Differences in external morphology and color, and subtle, but consistent differences in spicule morphology and size, revealed the existence of three distinct species, Cliona aprica Pang, 1973, Cliona caribbaea Carter, 1882 (junior synonym C. langae Pang, 1973), and Cliona tenuis sp. nov. C. aprica consists of brown-black, closely spaced papillae that may fuse to form an incomplete thin crust. C. caribbaea is amber brown, often fully encrusting, with thicker (up to 2 mm) tissue and conspicuous oscules, often riddled with zoanthids. C. tenuis covers the entire substratum with a thin, transparent veneer of brownish tissue; oscules are small and inconspicuous.