SOL: WHI.2 Unit: Prehistory & Stone Ages Time:4-5 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Students will be able to: How did physical geography influence the lives of Nomad early humans? Notes & Activities Hominid characterize the stone ages, bronze Homo sapiens emerged in east Africa between 100,000 and Hunter-gatherer age, human species, and civilizations. Prehistory Vocab Handout 400,000 years ago. Clan describe characteristics and Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and innovations of hunting and gathering the Americas. Paleolithic societies. Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival Neolithic describe the shift from food gathering depended on the availability of wild plants and animals. Domestication to food-producing activities. What were the characteristics of hunter gatherer Artifact explain how and why towns and cities societies? Fossil grew from early human settlements. Hunter-gatherer societies during the Paleolithic Era (Old Carbon dating list the components necessary for a Stone Age) Archaeology civilization while applying their themes o were nomadic, migrating in search of food, water, shelter of world history. o invented the first tools, including simple weapons Stonehenge o learned how to make and use fire Catal hoyuk Skills o lived in clans Internet Links Jericho o developed oral language o created “cave art.” Aleppo Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and How did the beginning of agriculture and the Human Organisms prehistory Paleolithic Era versus Neolithic Era secondary sources to make generalizations domestication of animals promote the rise of chart about events and life in world history to settled communities? Prehistory 1500 A.D. (C.E.). Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) History Teachers- Prehistoric Oetzi the Ice Man o developed agriculture (domesticated plants) Prehistoric Cave Art o domesticated animals Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to Reading History: o used advanced tools Agricultural Revolution analyze the physical and cultural o made pottery Geography & Maps landscapes of the world and interpret the o developed weaving skills. past to 1500 A.D. How does archaeology provide knowledge of early human life and its changes? World Map: Identify major geographic features Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing Africa important to the study of world history to human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts. Europe Archaeologists apply scientific tests, such as carbon dating, to Asia 1500 A.D. analyze fossils and artifacts. Australia Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in Assessments Analyze trends in human migration and England that was begun during the Neolithic Age and North America cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 completed during the Bronze Age. Vocabulary Quiz Online South America Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early cities in the Fertile A.D. Antartica Crescent studied by archaeologists.

Çatalhöyük is an example of a Neolithic settlement Analyze the impact of economic forces, including taxation, government spending, trade, resources, and monetary systems, on events to 1500 A.D. (C.E.).

SOL: WHI.3 UNIT: Western River Valleys- Time: 5 days Complete By: Fertile Crescent

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Students will be able to Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? alphabet rich soil, irrigation water for agriculture, easily protected Notes & Activities Babylonians. locate civilizations of the Fertile from invasion. Barter Where were the earliest civilizations located? Crescent and label their major Fertile Crescent Vocab Bureaucracy Mesopotamian civilization: and Euphrates River geographic features. Handout Valleys (Southwest Asia) Centralized government trace the development and Other early civilizations City state assess the achievements of early Phoenicians settled along the Mediterranean coast Cuneiform river civilizations pertaining to Lydia Dynasty the themes of world history and Babylon Fertile Crescent important people responsible for Assyria Flax these contributions Hittites Gilgamesh When did these civilizations exist? compare achievements from the Hammurabi civilizations of the Fertile River valley civilizations =(about 3500 to 500 B.C./B.C.E. Hammurabi's Code Crescent. Other civilizations= 2000-500 B.C./B.C.E What were the social, political, and economic characteristics of Irrigation Skills early civilizations? Internet Links Development of social patterns Nebuchadnezzar • Hereditary rulers: Dynasties of kings, pharaohs Map Middle East Pictograms • Rigid class system where slavery was accepted Reading History Sumer Polytheism Development of political patterns Epic of Gilgamesh • World’s first states Hammurabi's Code Sargon I • Centralized government Sumerians Brainpop Semites • Written law River Valley Rally Stylus Development of economic patterns Kids Past Fertile Crescent Ziggurat Ancient Scripts • Use of metal tools and weapons • Increasing agricultural surplus: Better tools, plows, The Phoenicians irrigation Geography & Maps • Increasing trade along rivers and by sea • Development of the world’s first cities • Development of the practice of slavery within most cultures Tigris River in the ancient world Fertile Crescent What religious traditions developed in Mediterranean Sea ancient civilizations? Red Sea Development of religious traditions Babylon • Polytheism: practiced by most early civilization Assessments Euphrates River • Monotheism=Hebrews. What forms of language and writing existed in early civilizations? Vocabulary Quiz Online Persian Gulf • Pictograms: Earliest written symbols Arabian Peninsula • Cuneiform—Sumer Ur • Alphabet--Phoenicia

SOL: WHI.3 UNIT: Western River Valleys-Egypt Time: 8 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Students will be able to Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? Old Kingdom rich soil, irrigation water for agriculture, easily protected Notes & Activities Namer/Menes locate Egypt and label major from invasion. Monarchy Where were the earliest civilizations located? geographic features associated crossword egypt Pyramid Egyptian civilization: Nile River Valley and Nile Delta with Egypt. (Africa) Pharaoh crossword egypt clues trace the development and Other early civilizations Empire assess the achievements of early Hebrews settled between the Mediterranean Sea Ahmose river civilizations pertaining to and the Jordan River Valley Egypt & Sumer Map Thutmose III

the themes of world history and Nubia was located on the upper (southern) Nile Nefertiti Western River Valleys some important people River (Africa). Polytheism When did these civilizations exist? STUDY GUIDE responsible for these Book of the Dead contributions. River valley civilizations =(about 3500 to 500 B.C./B.C.E. Middle Kingdom compare the achievements of Other civilizations= 2000-500 B.C./B.C.E Egypt Vocab Handout Dynasty early river valley civilizations. What were the social, political, and economic characteristics of early civilizations? Theocracy Skills Development of social patterns Internet Links Hyksos • Hereditary rulers: Dynasties of kings, pharaohs Thebes • Rigid class system where slavery was accepted Hieroglyphics Label a map of region Development of political patterns Cleopatra Brainpop • World’s first states Abraham Place events in chronological order Egyptian Pharaohs Brainpop Solomon • Centralized government Mummies Brainpop • Written law Exodus Identify world history and geography Torah as History Development of economic patterns Moses themes in relation to the unit History Teachers- King Tut • Use of metal tools and weapons Mummification Monotheism • Increasing agricultural surplus: Better tools, plows, Ancient Egypt Hatshepsut irrigation Identify cause and effect • Increasing trade along rivers and by sea Akhenaten/Amenhotep IV • Development of the world’s first cities Ramses II • Development of the practice of slavery within most cultures in the ancient world Geography & Maps What religious traditions developed in ancient civilizations? Development of religious traditions Nile River • Polytheism: practiced by most early civiliz. Nile Delta • Monotheism=Hebrews. Sinai Peninsula What forms of language and writing existed in early civilizations? Sahara Desert • Hieroglyphics—Egypt Thebes Assessments Nubia Kush Vocabulary Quiz Online Red Sea

***Assessment on the Western River Valley Civilizations can be separate or together. Two of the days recommended for Egypt are for review on the Western River Valleys and assessment SOL: 3a-c, 4b-d UNIT: Indus Valley & Indian Empires Time: 6 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Students will be able to: The earliest civilization of India was located on the Indus Monsoons River Valley between 3500 to 500 BCE. Notes & Activities Mohenjo-Daro locate river valleys of India. Harappa locate the geographic barriers to Why were the physical geography and location important to the India Vocab Handout Subcontinent the subcontinent and determine development of Indian civilization? Caste system their significance to the . Barriers made invasion difficult . pass in Hindu Kush allowed for migration Aryans/Indo-Aryans development of India. . Indus and Ganges were important rivers Mauryan Empire describe the major traditions, What impact did the Aryans have on India? Asoka beliefs, and customs of Buddhism . migration, assertion of dominance Gupta empire and Hinduism and its political and . caste system Hinduism social impact on India. Why was the caste system central to Indian culture? Reincarnation discuss the rise and fall of the . influenced all social interactions and choices of Karma Mauryan and Gupta Empires. occupations Vedas list and describe achievements of What were the accomplishments of the Mauryan and Gupta Upansihads the subcontinent and their impact Empire? Buddhism on government and society. Mauryan Empire - Asoka . political unification of much of India Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Skills . Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, Internet Links veterinary clinics, good roads Eightfold Path Gupta Empire . Golden Age of classical Indian culture Mauryan Empire History Teachers- The Mahabharata . Contributions: Mathematics, medical advances, astronomy, new textiles, literature What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture? . Belief in many forms of one God . Reincarnation . Karma . Vedas and Upanishads Geography & Maps . Spread along major trade routes What are the beliefs of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread? . Siddhartha Gautam Indus River . Four Noble Truths Harappa . Eightfold Path Arabian Peninsula . Reincarnation Bay of Bengal . Asoka—missionary Hindu Kush Mountains Assessments Mohenjo Daro Himalayan Mountains Vocabulary Quiz Online Ganges River Gupta Empire Mauryan Empire Pataliputra

SOL: 3a-c,e, 4e-f, 10c UNIT: Asia-China, Korea, Japan Time: 10 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and People, Places, Terms Activities Students will be able to . China’s earliest civilization: Huang He Valley 3500 to 500 BCE Yu the Great locate river valleys of Asia, Why was the Great Wall of China built? Notes & Activities Xia Dynasty geographic barriers to India and Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the north. Loess China Shi Huangdi built the Great Wall as a line of defense against invasion. Asia Vocab Handout Mandate Describe the causes and Describe the government of China. consequences of the unification China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties. Shange Dynasty of China under early imperial Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under a Oracle bones dynasties, such as the Shang, Mandate of Heaven only as long as their rule was just. Mandate of Heaven Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang. The Silk Road facilitated trade and contact between China and other Great Wall of China Explain the major traditions, cultures as far away as Rome. Qin Shi Huangdi customs and beliefs of What were contributions of classical China to world civilization? Dynasty Confucianism and Taoism in the • Civil service system

context of early Chinese imperial • Paper Silk Road dynasties. • Porcelain Confucianism Analyze China's cultural, political • Silk Civil service system and economic influence on Japan, Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism important in the formation Taoism Korea, and countries in of Chinese culture? Filial piety Southeast Asia. Confucianism Yin Yang • Belief that humans are good, not bad Skills • Respect for elders Internet Links • Code of politeness (still used in Chinese society today) • Emphasis on education Chinese Empires Map • Ancestor worship Asia Map Taoism Great Wall of China Brianpop • Humility History Teachers- Chinese • Simple life and inner peace Dynasties • Harmony with nature Yin and yang represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism. Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia. Geography & Maps How has Japan’s geography influenced its development? . Mountainous Japanese archipelago Huang He . Sea of Japan between Japan and mainland Gobi Desert . Proximity to China and Korea Yangtze (Chang Jiang) How did Chinese culture influence Japan? Yellow Sea . Writing Anyang . Architecture . Buddhism Assessments Xi Jiang Why were Shinto and Buddhism important to the development of Japanese Great Wall of China culture? Asia Vocabulary Quiz Silk Road . Ethnic religion unique to Japan Online Korea . Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors Japan . State religion; worship of the emperor Sea of Japan . Coexistence with Buddhism SOL: 4a UNIT: Persia Time: 1 day Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Explain the rise of the Persian Empire. Built from earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations Zoroastrianism How did Persia govern its empire? Persia Notes Teacher Imperial bureaucracy Describe the unique features of the . Tolerance of conquered peoples Royal Road Persian government and its official . imperial bureaucracy Persia Notes Fill in the religion, Zoroastrianism. . road system Darius I . Zoroastrianism Blank Cyrus II List and analyze the accomplishments of Zoroaster Cyrus and Darius Persia Video Xerxes

Persia Vocab Handout

Skills Internet Links

I am Cyrus primary source

Reading History: The Persians

SOL Vocabulary Study

Geography & Maps Persian Empire Anatolia Babylon Arabian Sea Arabia Assessments

Persia Vocabulary Quiz Online

SOL: WHI.5 UNIT: Greece Time: 16 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Describe the major cultural achievements A) How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, Archimedes of the Greek civilization, such as art, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, Notes & Activities Hippocrates science, political systems, and philosophy and political development and patterns of trade and Euclid Herodotus across time. colonization? Greece Vocab Handout: Explain the emergence, rise and decline . Agriculture (limited arable land) Thucydides People of the Greek city-states. . Commerce and the spread of Hellenic culture Phidias Pythagoras . Shift from barter to currency (coins) Greece Vocab Handout: Socrates . Mountainous terrain both helped and hindered the Terms Plato development of city-states. Aristotle . Greek cities were designed to promote civic and Alexander the Great commercial life. Phillip II of Macedonia . Colonization due to overpopulation Pericles B) Greek gods and goddesses Draco . Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite Solon How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain Aeschylus the natural world and the human condition? Sophocles . Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human Homer qualities, and life events What impact did Greek mythology have on later civilizations Skills Internet Links and the contemporary world? . Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and Label a map of region architecture Ancient Greek Olympics BBC Place events in chronological order C) How did democracy develop in Athens? British Museum-Ancient Greece Identify cause and effect for the . Citizens had political rights and the responsibility of civic Persian and Peloponnesian Wars participation in government. Match gods and goddesses with their How did Sparta differ from Athens? The Histories by Herodotus Aegean Basin “duties” Athens Democracy . Evolution of Athenian government: Monarchy, The Histories by Herodotus 2 Persian Wars Identify and label Greek columns Oligarchy aristocracy, tyranny, democracy Compare and contrast Greek city- Marathon states . Tyrants for reform: Draco, Solon The Life of Themistocles primary Greek citizens . Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy, public source Salamis debate, duties of the citizen Monarchy Sparta Reading History: Greek City State Delian Leaue . Oligarchy (rule by a small group) Aristocracy Peloponnesian League . Rigid social structure Reading History: The Iliad Tyranny . Militaristic and aggressive society Barter

D) Why were wars with Persia important to the development of Reading History: Sparta Golden Age of Pericles Greek culture? Currency . United Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire. Reading History: The Persian Wars Mythology . Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Peloponnesian War Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. Polytheistic . Athens preserved its independence and continued Reading History: The Peloponnesian Wars Hellenistic Culture innovations in government and culture. Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture? Greek Mythology Athens Brainpop . Competition for control of the Greek world: Athens Geography & Maps (Delian League) versus Sparta (Peloponnesian League) . Resulted in slowing of cultural advance and the Greek Gods Brainpop weakening of political power • Aegean Sea E) Homer Brainpop • Balkan Peninsula Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development • Peloponnesus • Mediterranean Sea of Athenian life and Greek culture? History Teachers- The Trojan War . extended democracy; most adult males had an equal • Black Sea • Dardanelles voice. History Teachers- Greek • Athens . had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars; Philosophers • Sparta the Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction. • Troy F) SOL Greek People Study • Macedonia What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization? . Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles SOL Greek Terms Study . Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) Assessments . History: Herodotus, Thucydides . Sculpture: Phidias Greek Terms Vocabulary . Architecture: Types of columns Quiz Online . Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates . Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras Greek People Vocabulary . Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Quiz Online G) How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture? . Philip II, King of Macedon, conquered most of Greece . Alexander the Great o empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India o Extended Greek cultural influences . Hellenistic Age o Blend of Greek and oriental elements Spread through trade

SOL: WHI.6 UNIT: Rome Time: 15 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Describe the major achievements of the A) Hannibal Roman Era, such as legal, artistic, How was geographic location important to the development of Notes & Activities Julius Caesar architectural, technological, and literary. ancient Rome? Augustus Caesar Explain the transition from Roman . Centrally located in the Mediterranean Basin and distant Rome Vocab Handout: Republic to Roman Empire including the from eastern Mediterranean powers Jesus Terms social structure, significance of . Alps & Mediterranean Sea: Protection Paul citizenship and the development of . Mediterranean Sea: commerce Constantine political institutions. B) Rome Vocab Handout: Ptolemy Summarize the factors that led to the What was the source of Roman mythology? People Virgil decline of the Roman Empire. . Based on the Greek mythology What impact did Roman mythology have on later civilizations?

. symbols and images in literature, art, and architecture Names of Roman gods and goddesses. Representative democracy . Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, and Venus Consuls C) Alps How did the government of the Roman Republic become more Patricians democratic in its decision making? Twelve Tables Skills . Social structure in the Roman Republic Internet Links Roman mythology o Patricians: nobility (minority) o Plebeians: (Majority) BBC Ancient Rome Plebeians o Slaves: Not based on race Punic Wars . Citizenship Roman Empire PBS Aliens

o Patrician and plebeian men Rome Reborn UVA Assembly o Selected foreigners Roman Republic o Rights and responsibilities of citizenship Roman Religion BBC Senate . Features of democracy Civil war o Representative democracy Rise of the Roman Empire Brainpop o Assemblies Devaluation o The Senate Triumvirate Roman Republic Brainpop o Consuls Roman Empire

o Laws of Rome=Twelve Tables Inflation D) Fall of the Roman Empire Brainpop Pax Romana Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and go on to extend its Christianity influence across the entire Pax Romana Brianpop New Testament Mediterranean basin and much of West Europe? . Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage Martyr Rome Vocab Study: Terms Apostles o Competition for trade. o Hannibal invaded the Peninsula. Pantheon Rome Vocab Study: People o Three wars resulted in Roman victory, the Colosseum destruction of Carthage, and expanded trade Forum and wealth for Rome. Aqueducts . Evolution of the Roman Empire and spread of Roman Romance languages culture: Mediterranean basin and Western Europe (Gaul,

British Isles) Geography & Maps

E & F) Why did the Roman Republic fail to survive challenges by Julius Alps Caesar? How did military conquests alter economic and social life in Rome? Rome . slavery spread in the agricultural system Tiber River . Migration of small farmers into cities and unemployment Mediterranean Sea . Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar Adriatic Sea . Devaluation of Roman currency; inflation Assessments Byzantium/Constantinople . Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassination Carthage How did an imperial monarchy come to rule Rome? Rome Vocab Quiz Online: Sardinia . Augustus Caesar: Civil war, defeat of Marc Anthony, Terms Crete Rome’s first emperor Sicily G) What was the Pax Romana? Rome Vocab Quiz Online: Gaul . Two centuries of peace and prosperity People British Isles . Expansion and solidification of the Roman Empire, Italian Peninsula especially in the Near East *Spread of Roman Empire (74SS) What was the impact of the Pax Romana on the Roman Empire? . Economic impact of the Pax Romana o Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade o Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads o prosperity and stability . Social impact of the Pax Romana o Returned stability to social classes o Increased emphasis on the family . Political impact of the Pax Romana o Created a civil service o Developed a uniform rule of law H) How did Christianity become established within the Roman Empire? . Had its roots in Judaism . Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was proclaimed the Messiah . Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs of Roman Empire What were the essential beliefs of the early Christian faith? . Monotheism . Jesus as both Son and incarnation of God . Life after death . New Testament . Christian doctrines established by early church councils How and why did Christianity spread? . Popularity of the message . Early martyrs inspired others . Carried by the Apostles, including Paul, throughout the Roman Empire I) What was the impact of the early Church in the late Roman Empire? . Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal. . later became the official state religion. . The Church became a source of moral authority. . Loyalty to the Church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor. . The Church became the main unifying force of Western Europe. J) How did Roman achievements influence Western civilization? . Art and architecture: Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum . Technology: Roads, aqueducts, arches . Science: Achievements of Ptolemy . Medicine: Emphasis on public health . Language: Latin, Romance languages . Literature: Virgil’s Aeneid . Religion: Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion . Law: “innocent until proven guilty” K) Why did the Western Roman Empire decline? . Difficulty of defense and administration . Economy: The cost of defense, and devaluation of Roman currency . Military: Army membership started to include non- Romans . Moral decay: loss of faith in Rome and . Political problems: Civil conflict and weak administration . Invasion: Attacks on borders . Division of the Empire by Diocletian . Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople) . Western Roman Empire lasted until 476 A.D. (C.E.), when it ceased to have a Roman Emperor . Eastern Rome became the Byzantine Empire

SOL: WHI.8 UNIT: Islam Time: 8 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Describe the major traditions, Origins of Islam Muhammad customs, and beliefs of Islam. . Muhammad, the Prophet Notes & Activities Mecca . Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Medina Analyze the major traditions, Muslim cities Islam Vocab Handout Spread of Islam Allah customs, and beliefs of Islam. . Across Asia and Africa and into Spain Koran/Qur’an Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Five Pillars of Islam Label/draw the spread of Islam. Islam Sunni Describe causes and consequences of the . Monotheism: Allah expansion of Islam into other regions, Shi’a . Qur’an (Koran): The word of God Battle of Tours such as Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, . Five Pillars of Islam North Africa, Europe and India. Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus Dome of the Rock Describe achievements of the Islamic How did geography influence the rapid expansion of territory Sufi world. under Muslim rule? jihad Analyze the internal conflicts of Muslims . Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina and determine why it lead to different . Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, sects within the faith. and mountain barriers . Spread into the Fertile Crescent, , and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and Skills cultural activity in the early Islamic lands? Internet Links . Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived. . Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade PBS- Islam: Empire of Faith across Islamic lands. . Slavery was not based on race. What were some major historical turning points that marked the Islam Vocab Study spread and influence of Islamic civilization? . Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division . Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus . Islamic capital moved to . Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours Geography & Maps . Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Mecca Persian, and Indian learning? Medina . Translation of ancient texts into Arabic Arabian Peninsula What were some contributions of Islamic civilization? Arabian Sea . Architecture (Dome of the Rock) Spain . Mosaics . Arabic alphabet Assessments Tours . Universities Damascus . Arabic numerals (adapted from India) Islam Vocab Quiz Online Baghdad . Algebra India . Medicine Persia Expansion of geographic knowledge Egypt Taurus Mountains Atlas Mountains Caucasus Mountains Pyrenees Mountains Zagros Mountains Arabian Desert Sahara Desert Libyan Desert Rub al’Khalil Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Persian Gulf Nile River Tigris River

SOL: WHI.7 UNIT: Byzantine Empire & Russia Time: 13 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Locate the Byzantine Empire and areas A) Why was Constantinople established as the capital of the Constantinople vital to the empire on a map Eastern Roman Empire? Notes & Activities Mosaic . Describe and give examples of how the Protection of the eastern frontier Cyrillic Alphabet empire preserved its Roman heritage. . Distance from Germanic invasions in the western empire Byzantine & Russia Vocab List the accomplishments and reign of . Crossroads of trade Justinian Handout Justinian. . Easily fortified site on a peninsula Justinian’s Code Analyze the conflict in the empire Greek Orthodox Christianity regarding Christianity and how it led to B) What was the influence of Justinian’s expansion of the Icons the split into 2 Christian churches. Byzantine Empire, it’s economy, and the codification of Roman law “Third Rome” Describe the role the Byzantine Empire on the Byzantine Empire and later legal codes? Hagia Sophia and Orthodox church had on the . Justinian’s Code impacted European law development of Russia and art of the time . Reconquest of former Roman territories Pope period. . Expansion of trade Patriarch Describe the role the Mongols had on the Celibacy hindered development of Russia and C) What were the contributions of Byzantine art and architecture? Tsar/czar their eventual downfall in Russia. . Inspiration provided by Christian religion and imperial Kiev Give a chronology and essential factors power Vladimir regarding the rise and fall of the empire. . Icons (religious images) . Mosaics in public and religious structures Onion-dome Golden Horde Skills . Hagia Sophia Internet Links How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Ivan the Great Empire? Fordham . Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman traditions History Channel . Greek language vs Latin in the West Justinian Primary Source . Greek Orthodox Christianity History Teachers- Empress Theodora . Greco-Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine Byzantine & Russia Vocab libraries Study

D) What factors produced the division within the Christian Church? . Location Geography & Maps . Language . Pope vs patriarch Constantinople . Views on acceptable practices such as celibacy Kiev Moscow E) Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on Black Sea religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe? Baltic Sea . Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea . Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and much of Assessments Mediterranean Sea Eastern Europe Sea of Marmara . Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Byzantine and Russia Vocab Aegean Sea Cyril Quiz Online Bosporus Strait . Church architecture and religious art Dardanelles/Hellespont *Shade Justinian’s Empire *Shade Byzantine 1000A.D. SOL: WHI.9 UNIT: Early Middle Ages Time: 13 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Describe the role Germanic tribes had in A) What were the foundations of early medieval society? Germanic tribes the fall of Rome. . Classical heritage of Rome Notes & Activities Secular List and describe consequences of the . Christian beliefs Monasteries Germanic invasions. . Customs of Germanic tribes Early Middle Ages Vocab How and why did the Church grow in importance during the Missionaries Describe feudalism and manorial system Handout regarding its role in shaping medieval Middle Ages? Charlemagne society and economy. . Secular authority declined, while Church authority Feudalism Explain Frankish influence on Europe. grew. Fief List and analyze the accomplishments of . Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural Vassal Charlemagne and his impact on Europe. achievements. Serf . Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet Describe and analyze the Catholic Church Feudal obligations in regards to its influence on Europe and to Germanic tribes. Manor system how it progressively grew in power. . The Pope anointed Charlemagne Emperor in 800 Explain how the Church shaped medieval A.D. (C.E.) Angles life. . Parish priests served religious and social needs of Saxons Understand monastic life and the the people. Vikings influence of medieval monks and nuns. B) How did a feudal society develop in Europe during the Magyars Middle Ages? Discuss the changes brought about in . Invasions shattered Roman protection over the Monk Western Europe due to a recovering Empire. Medieval economy. How did the medieval manor function as a social and Dark ages economic system? Abbott Skills . Rigid class structure Internet Links Christendom . Self-sufficient manors Knight C) How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Compilation of Web Sources Empire? Interactive Count . Power of the Church was established in political life. Feudalism Brainpop Missi Dominici . Roman culture was reinterpreted. Middle Ages Brainpop Treaty of Verdun . Most of Western Europe was included in the new Vikings Brainpop Lord empire. History Teachers- I’m a Knight History Teachers- Charlemagne Investiture . Churches, roads, and schools were built to unite the History Teachers- Vikings Clergy empire. Early Middle Ages Vocab Age of Faith D) Where did Germanic tribes settle? Study Longship . Angles and Saxons migrated from continental Patrick Europe to England. Clovis . Magyars migrated from Central Asia to Hungary. . Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to Russia. Benedict How did invasions by the Germanic tribes influence the Scholastica development of Europe? Gregory I . Manors with castles provided protection, reinforcing Carolingian the feudal system. Merovingian Invasions disrupted trade, towns declined, and the Franks feudal system was strengthened Charles Martel Pepin the Short Eric the Red Lief Ericson Geography & Maps

Rome Constantinople Papal States England Spain Assessments Byzantine Empire Aachen Early Middle Ages Vocab Normandy Quiz Online Ireland Iceland Scandinavia

SOL: WHI.12 UNIT: Late Middle Ages Time: 12 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Explain the origins and A) How did European nation-states expand their territories and William the Conqueror consequences of the Black Death consolidate their power? Notes & Activities King John “Softsword” during the 14th century, such as a England Hugh Capet population decrease, a decline in . William the Conqueror united England. Late Middle Ages Vocab trade, the elimination of the social . Common law during the reign of Henry II. Joan of Arc Handout: People order and the decline of religious . King John signed the Magna Carta Ferdinand and Isabella power. . Hundred Years’ War led to nationalism Henry II . Evolution of Parliament. Late Middle Ages Vocab Charles V Analyze the characteristics of the France Handout: Terms Ivan the Great development and decline of . Hugh Capet established the French throne and his Pope Urban II feudalism and the emergence of dynasty expanded their control over most of France. Saladin monarchies. . Hundred Years’ War led to nationalism . Joan of Arc was a unifying factor. Ottoman Turks Spain Mehmet II Describe the causes, consequences . Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Giovanni Boccaccio and cultural diffusion that resulted Jews and Moors. from the Crusades, such as the . Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded Norman Conquest under Charles V. increase in Mediterranean trade and Russia Magna Carta the exchange of knowledge and Common law ideas. . Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian Hundred Years War nation. Parliament

. Tsar had centralized power Holy Land . Orthodox Church influenced unification. Crusades Skills B) What were key events and effects of the Crusades? Internet Links Black Death . Pope Urban’s speech Papal . The capture of Jerusalem Black Death Brainpop . Founding of Crusader states Magna Carta Brainpop Scholasticism . Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin History Teachers- The Crusades Little ice age . Sack of Constantinople by Crusaders History Teachers- Black Death Peasants Revolt . Weakened the Pope and nobles; strengthened monarchs History Teacher- William the Jacquerie . Stimulated trade Conqueror Longbow . Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Late Middle Ages Vocab Muslims People: Study Nationalism Decameron . Weakened the Byzantine Empire Late Middle Ages Vocab Geography & Maps What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? Study: Terms . Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside and created an England empire France What were the effects of the Ottoman invasions of Normandy Europe/Constantinople? Constantinople/Istanbul . Fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Russia Empire and became its capital (renamed Istanbul) Assessments Moscow Jerusalem Late Middle Ages People Antioch C) How did the Black Death (Bubonic plague) alter economic and Vocab Quiz Online *Spread of Black Death social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe? Spain . Decline in population Late Middle Ages Terms . Scarcity of labor Vocab Quiz Online . Towns freed from feudal obligations . Decline of Church influence Primary Sources – The . Disruption of trade Black Death D) How did European scholars begin to interpret and value ancient learning? . Were among the very few who could read and write . Worked in monasteries . Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin . Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe . Laid the foundations for the rise of universities in Europe

SOL: WHI.13 UNIT: Renaissance Time: 5 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and People, Places, Terms Activities Students will be able to A) How did the Crusades stimulate trade between Europe and the Muslim Erasmus demonstrate knowledge of Empire? Notes & Activities Machiavelli . developments leading to the Demand for Middle Eastern products Sir Thomas More Renaissance in Europe in terms of . Stimulated production of goods to trade Renaissance Vocab . Encouraged the use of credit and banking Da Vinci its impact on Western civilization. Handout: Terms What were the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance? Gutenberg . Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging Michelangelo interest helped to secularize northern Italy. Renaissance Vocab Petrarch . Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and Handout: People Medici expedite trade. Pope Julius II . New accounting and bookkeeping practices were introduced. B) How did northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location? Raphael . Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern Sforza markets Isabella D’Este . Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to N Europe Dante Alighieri How did Italian city-states achieve importance and develop politically? Castiglione . Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Shakespeare Skills What were Machiavelli’s ideas about power? Internet Links . An early modern treatise on government Ghiberti Identify economic foundations of . Supports absolute power of the ruler PBS-Renaissance History Durer the Italian Renaissance . Maintains that the end justifies the means The Art of the Italian Donatello Create a timeline related to the . Advises that one should not only do good if possible, but do evil Renaissance Webquest Hans Holbein rise of Italian city states and their when necessary Renaissance Galileo Galilei Brainpop Van Eyck political development C) How did the arts and literature of the Renaissance differ from those of the History Teachers- Leonardo Bruegel the Elder Cite artistic, literary, and Middle Ages? da Vinci Renaissance philosophical creativity, as . Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation History Teachers- Humanism contrasted with the medieval . Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals, worldly Renaissance Man period matters, Christianity Renaissance Vocab Republics Compare and contrast the Italian Who were prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers? Study: People The Prince . Da Vinci: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and Northern Renaissance Renaissance Vocab Greco-Roman . Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel ceiling and David Cite contributions of Renaissance Study: Terms Flanders writers . Petrarch: Sonnets, humanist scholarship How did knowledge of the classics foster humanism in the Italian Florence Identify Renaissance art with the Perspective correct artist as well as artistic Renaissance? Sistine Chapel techniques . Celebrated the individual Usury . Stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman literature and Classicism culture Secularism . Supported by wealthy patrons D) How did ideas of the Italian Renaissance change as they were adopted in northern Europe? . Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. . Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. Geography & Maps . The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (e.g., Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas. Who were important artists and writers Florence of the Northern Renaissance? Milan . Erasmus: The Praise of Folly (1511) Genoa . Sir Thomas More: Utopia (1516) Venice Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects Flanders

Assessments Italy Mediterranean Sea Renaissance Vocab England Quiz Online: People

Renaissance Vocab Quiz Online: Terms

SOL: 10a-b UNIT: Trade Time: 1 Day Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Students will demonstrate Where were the major trade routes in the Eastern Silk Routes knowledge of civilizations and Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 A.D. (C.E.)? Notes & Activities Maritime routes empires of the Eastern Hemisphere Trans Saharan routes and their interactions through Major trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 Trade Vocab Handout Northern European Trade regional trade patterns to 1500 A.D. (C.E.) Western European Trade Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin Route Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean Southeast Asian Trade Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa Route Northern European links with the Black Sea Diffusion Western European sea and river trade Textiles South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia Porcelain Navigation How did trade facilitate the diffusion of goods and ideas Lateen sail among different cultures? Magnetic compass Goods Skills Gold from West Africa Internet Links Spices from lands around the Indian Ocean Locate major trade routes Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Silk Road Brainpop Europe Identify technological advances and Porcelain from China and Persia Trade Vocab Study transfers, networks of economic Amber from the Baltic region interdependence and cultural interactions Technology Paper from China through the Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe Geography & Maps New crops from India (e.g., for making sugar) Waterwheels and windmills from the Middle East Navigation: Compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Label Trade Routes listed above Ocean region

Ideas Spread of religions across the hemisphere – Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan Assessments – Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia Trade Routes Vocab Quiz – Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia Online

Printing and paper money from China

SOL: WHI.10d UNIT: Africa Time: 3-4 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Analyze the emergence, growth and Ghana decline of African Empires. What were the characteristics of civilizations in sub-Saharan Notes & Activities Mali Describe the contributions of major Africa during the medieval period? Songhai African monarchies, cities, and trade Axum Resources\WHI 10d networks, such as Ghana, Mali and . Location relative to the Ethiopian Highlands and the Nile Axum Songhai. River Zimbabwe Analyze the cultural and economic . Christian kingdom Timbuktu impact of African regional and Zimbabwe Animism worldwide trade routes. . Location: Zambezi and Limpopo rivers and the Indian Mansa Musa Summarize the factors that led to the Ocean coast Trans Saharan decline of the African empires. . City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital West African kingdoms Sahel . Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires relative to Niger River Savannah and the Sahara . Importance of gold and salt to trans-Saharan trade . Timbuktu as center of trade and learning . Roles of animism and Islam Skills Internet Links

Ancient African Civilizations Slide Share Kids Past Ancient Africa PBS-Wonders of the African World History Teachers- Mansa Musa Africa Vocab Study

Geography & Maps

Ghana Mali Songhai Axum Zimbabwe Assessments Niger River Africa Vocab Quiz Online Limpopo River Zambezi River Sahara Desert Nile River

SOL: WHI.11 UNIT: Americas Time: 3-4 days Complete By:

Objectives Essential Questions & Knowledge Resources and Activities People, Places, Terms Examine the emergence, growth and Maya decline of empires in the Americas What were the characteristics of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Notes & Activities Chichen Itza Describe and trace the development civilizations? Polytheism . polytheistic of political and social structures of Americas Vocab Handout Aztec the Incas, Mayans and Aztecs. Mayan civilization . Mexican / Central American rain forests Tenochtitlan . Represented by Chichén Itzá Chinampa . Groups of city-states ruled by kings Inca . Economy based on agriculture and trade Machu Picchu Aztec civilization Cuzco . Located in arid valley in central Mexico High altitude agriculture . represented by Tenochtitlan . Ruled by an emperor Causeway . Economy based on agriculture and tribute from Quipu conquered peoples Olmec Incan civilization Mesoamerica . Andes Mountains of South America Skills Internet Links Colossal Heads . Represented by Machu Picchu Arid . Ruled by an emperor . high-altitude agriculture Aztec Civilization BrainPop Terrace farms . Road system Inca Civilization Brainpop Achievements of Mayan, Aztec, and Inca Maya Civilization Brainpop . Calendars . Mathematics Americas Vocab Study Writing and other record keeping systems

Geography & Maps

Americas map information Assessments

Americas Vocab Quiz Online

SOL: WHI.1-13 UNIT: SOL Review Time: minimum 12 days Start No Later Than 4/10

Key Topics to Highlight Resources Internet Links for Review

Pass the Past App

SOL may be as early as May 5, per testing coordinator at HHS in early July. This may change, but it will only equate to more valuable SOL review time