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Quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol Quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Summer 2003), pp. 128-149 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Institute for Palestine Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2003.32.4.128 . Accessed: 25/03/2015 15:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and Institute for Palestine Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Palestine Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Wed, 25 Mar 2015 15:58:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions QUARTERLY UPDATE ON CONFLICT AND DIPLOMACY 16 FEBRUARY–15 MAY 2003 COMPILED BY MICHELE K. ESPOSITO The Quarte rlyUp date is asummaryofbilate ral, multilate ral, regional,andinte rnationa l events affecting th ePalestinians andth efutureofth epeaceprocess. BILATERALS 29foreign nationals had beenkilled since 9/28/00. PALESTINE-ISRAEL Positioningf orWaronIraq Atthe opening of thequarter, Ariel Tokeep up the appearance of Sharon had beenreelected PM of Israel movementon thepeace process in the and was in theprocess of forming a run-up toawar on Iraq, theQuartet government.U.S. Pres. GeorgeW. Bush conveneda series of high-prole but had delayeduntil theformation of the ultimatelyineffective meetings in London Sharon governmentpublication of theroad 2/18–20 with Israeli, PA,and donor map,the U.S.-draft plan for resuming representatives,including side meetingsof negotiations and creating aPalestinian thedonor’ s Ad HocLiaison Comm. stateby 2005, which theU.S. had nalized (2/18–19; see below) and theQuartet’ s on 12/20/02in consultation with fellow International Task Forcefor Reform(ITFR; Quartetmembers, the European Union 2/19–20). Participants reviewedP Areform (EU), Russia, and theUN. Under pressure effortsand thehumanitarian crisis in the from theU.S. and Israel, Palestinian occupied territories, praised Israel and the Authority (PA)head Yasir Arafat had PAfor stepstaken to date, and urged agreed(2/ 14)to appointa Palestinian PM further stepstoward acease-re, PA responsible for day-to-day running of the reform, and easing restrictions on PA,which theU.S. and Israel hoped Palestinians. Theonly newdevelopment would relegateArafat toagurehead resulting from themeeting was aQuartet (seeQuarterly Updatein JPS 127). agreementon thegeneral outline for a Meanwhile, global attentionwas focused monitoring mechanism toassess on thelikelihood of aU.S.-led attackon compliance with theroad mapafter its Iraq. adoption: theU.S. would head the As of 2/16,the Israel DefenseForces monitoring team,which would be (IDF)were inside or encircling all West divided into four subcomms. on Bank Palestinian population centers, humanitarian affairs, PAreforms, security, exceptJericho, as was thecase last quarter. and “special functions”(including Restrictions on movementin Gaza were settlements,P Aactivitiesin East Jerusalem). also tight, with theIDF frequently closing TheU.S. continued toresist EUpressures main roads and dividing theStrip into three for theimmediate release of theroad sections. Across theoccupied territories, map. Israeli-Palestinian violencewas rising (see Meanwhile, Israel, which last quarter Quarterly Updatein JPS 127), with had increasingly disparaged theroad map tensions high following aHamasroadside and theQuartet (see Quarterly Updatein bombing on 2/15thatdestroyed an IDF JPS 127),took stepseither to amend the tank and killed four IDFsoldiers. Atleast 12/20/02draft or toreplace it with its own 2,326Palestinians (including 31Israeli U.S.-backed proposal thatwould reduce Arabs and 14unidentied Arab Israel’s expectedconcessions, increase cross-border inltrators), 686Israelis demands on theP A,and curtail theEU (including 210IDF soldiers and security role. By2/ 19,an Israeli teamled byLikud personnel, 158settlers, 318 civilians), and MKDan Meridor had drawn upa list of Journal of Palestine Studies XXXII, no. 4(Summer2003), pages 128–149. ISSN: 0377-919X;online ISSN: 1533-8614. C 2003by the Institute for PalestineStudies. All rights reserved. Sendrequests for permission toreprint to: Rights andPermissions, Universityof California Press, Journals Division, 2000Center St., Ste.303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Wed, 25 Mar 2015 15:58:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions QUARTERLY UPDATE ON CONFLICT AND DIPLOMACY 129 morethan 100 “corrections ” totheseven- ring Qassam rockets atSederot, inside pageroad mapthat it intended tosubmit theGreen Line, and atJewish settlements totheU.S., including aclari cation that in Gaza, causing one light injury. Bythe implementationwould besequential timeviolence began toslow on 2/25,due (requiring theP A rst tocompletea totheonset of theworst winter storm in cease-re, achange of leadership, and years, 51Palestinians and 5IDFsoldiers far-reaching reforms beforeanything had beenkilled, bringing thedeath toll would berequired byIsrael) and the since 9/28/00to 2,377Palestinians and 691 addition of aclause requiring theP Ato Israelis. giveup the right of return for Palestinian refugees. Israel also continued toexplorethe Sh aronNamesaGov ernment, idea of a “Gaza First” stagedcease- re and ArafatNom inatesaPM withdrawal proposal (seeQuarterly Update On 2/24and 2/25,Sharon nalized his in JPS 127)to preemptthe road map.The coalition deals with theright-wing, pro- idea meshedwith theP A ’sown calls (e.g., settlerNational Religious Party (NRP; 6 2/21,2/ 24)on Palestinian factions seats),the ultraright-wing National Union (especiallythe al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Party (NUP; 7seats),and theright-wing [AMB], Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and the secular nationalist Shinui (15seats), giving Popular Front for theLiberation of himself control of 68of theKnesset ’s 120 Palestine [PFLP]) toagree to a unilateral seats. Thecoalition government, one-yearcease- reto jumpstart comprising far moreMKs who oppose negotiations. Meridor had reportedly creation of aPalestinian stateand favor passedmessages to Hamas (one on 2/17, Jewish settlementexpansion than the one earlier) indicating thatIsrael would previous Sharon government,was sworn makeunspeci ed condence-building in on 2/27.(See Doc. C1for Basic gesturesto themovement if it signed on to Guidelines excerpts.)In presentinghis a cease-reagreement, and thatwhen it team,Sharon pledgedthat the economy becameclear thatthere would beno would takepriority overthe peace cease-re, heoffered (ca. 2/25 –27) to ease process, and statedthat the Palestinians restrictions in Gaza if theP Acracked down would haveto giveup the right of return, on Hamasthere. agreeto Jerusalem remaining theuni ed Meanwhile, Israel steppedup attacks capital of Israel, and halt all violenceif on Palestinians, especiallyin Gaza, in theywanted acomprehensivepeace. retaliation for the2/ 15Hamasincident (see In Washington, as escalating Chronology for details). TheIDF presidential statementsmade it assassinated six senior Hamasmembers in increasingly clear thatthe U.S. was Gaza City(2/ 16),Izzeddin al-Qassam determinedto go towar against Iraq, U.S. Brigades second-in-command RiyadAbu allies Britain and Spain pressedthe U.S. to Zaydnear Netzarim(2/ 17),Hamas send an encouraging messageto the Arab memberMuhammad Muhr in Yatta(2/ 18), world thatthe peace process would bethe and AMB memberShahar Zakarna in Jenin U.S.’stoppriority afterdealing with Iraq. (2/19);staged (2/ 18)a major raid on Gaza Tothis end, Bush gave(2/ 26)a brief Citythat left 11 Palestinians dead and 25 televisedaddress, arguing thatthe wounded; invaded BaytHanun (2/23 –24), overthrow of theIraqi regimewould serve killing 7Palestinians and wounding 28; as acatalystfor peacein theregion, conducted (2/19 –24)a prolonged explicitlylinking resolution of theIsraeli- incursion into Nablus, leaving 6 Palestinian con ict and creation of a “truly Palestinians dead; tightened(2/ 20) democratic Palestinian state ” to removing restrictions on movementin Gaza, dividing Saddam Hussein, whom Bush claimed theStrip into threesections; and nanced Palestinian “terrorism” by giving dramatically increased thebulldozing of “rewards tothe families of suicide Palestinian land around Gaza ’s Aley Sinai bombers.” Bush also signaled ashift closer settlement(2/ 16 –17)and Rafah (2/23).A to Sharon’sviewthat no action should be wanted tanzim memberalso mayhave takenon settlementsuntil thePalestinians beenassassinated on 2/20.On the had takensigni cant stepsto halt violence, Palestinian side, aPFLP sniper fatally shot stating that “As progress is madetowards (2/23)an IDFsoldier in Khan Yunis, and peace,settlement activity in theoccupied Hamasresumed (e.g., 2/19,2/ 20,2/ 23) territories mustend. ” This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Wed, 25 Mar 2015 15:58:14 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 130 JOURNAL OF PALESTINE STUDIES Meanwhile, theQuartet renewed (2/ 28) Th eU.S. andth eRoadMap pressure on Arafat toappointa PM In thelast days beforethe war against quickly, beforea war on Iraq was Iraq was launched, Bush
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