Dinka-English Dictionary
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Language and Culture Archives Dinka Noun Systems and Their Impact On
Language and Culture Archives Dinka Noun Systems and Their Impact on Learning English by Dinka Lino Kiir Kuony Jok ©2004, Lino Kiir Kuony Jok License This document is part of the SIL International Language and Culture Archives. It is shared ‘as is’ in order to make the content available under a Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivativeWorks (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). More resources are available at: www.sil.org/resources/language-culture-archives. Table of Contents Page Dedication i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of Contents iv CHAPTER ONE Framework of the Research 1 1.0. Introduction 1 1.1. Statement of the problem 2 1.2. Questions of the research 2 1.3. The aims of the study 2 14. Significant of the study 3 1.5. Basic assumptions 3 1.6. Limitations 4 CHAPTER TWO Review of Literature 5 2.0. Introduction 5 2.1. Theoretical background 6 2.2. Phonemics 7 2.3. Consonant phonemes 8 2.4. Vowel phonemes 9 2.5. Tones 13 2.6. Syllables 13 2.7. Morphology 14 2.8. Dinka nouns in singular and plural 14 2.9. Dinka nouns with possessive and numeral (one) 19 CHAPTER THREE Methodology 25 3.0. Introduction 25 i 3.1. Research method 25 3.2. Setting 25 3.3. Data and Sample 26 3.4. validation 27 CHAPTER FOUR Results and discussion 29 4.0. Introduction 29 4.1. Consonant Sounds 29 4.2. Place of Articulation 30 4.3. Manner of Articulation 32 4.4. Vowel Sounds 35 4.5. -
Review Article
International Journal of Information Research and Review, April, 2017 International Journal of Information Research and Review Vol. 04, Issue, 04, pp.3919-3929, April, 2017 REVIEW ARTICLE EDUCATION IN NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL, SOUTH SUDAN *Sawsan Abdel Aziz Mohammed Nashid Assistant Professor at University of Khartoum, Faculty of Arts, Department of Linguistics ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This is a descriptive study that aims at investigating the influence of education on individuals’ language attitudes through the languages used as media of instruction in schools. These languages th Received 13 January, 2017 tend to be introduced to the family domain by pupils and students. English, as the means of education Received in revised form in South Sudan in general and Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG) in particular, affects the status of 28th February, 2017 Accepted 12th March, 2017 Southern Sudanese indigenous languages, thus causing language change. Hence, the positive attitudes Published online 30th April, 2017 towards the English language is due to that English is viewed as being of more socioeconomic value, and a means of gaining better socio-political status and jobs. NBeGS was (until 2015) one of the ten Keywords: States of South Sudan. It has an area of 33,558 km² and is part of Bahr el Ghazal region. A sociolinguistic profile on NBeGS and Aweil is provided to lay the ground for understanding how and Language attitudes, why English as a means of education could be among the factors of language change. Interviews, Language change, focus group discussions and observations were the main tools of data collection. -
Tone Systems of Dinka Dialects Bert Remijsen (University of Edinburgh) Goals of My Research on Dinka Tone
Tone systems of Dinka dialects Bert Remijsen (University of Edinburgh) Goals of my research on Dinka tone • Investigate the parameters of divergence between dialects of Dinka, in terms of: - inventory - realisation - contextual processes • Consider the relevance of the findings to theory and typology. Goals of my research on Dinka tone • Investigate the parameters of divergence between dialects of Dinka, in terms of: - inventory Part 1 - realisation - contextual processes • Consider the relevance of the findings to Part 2 theory and typology. Part 1 / Background Dinka is: a Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Southern Sudan by approx. 2 million people. Figure: The Dinka language area, marked on the Nile tributary network. Part 1 / Methodology My investigations on Dialects studied tone in Dinka so far: • 8 dialects studied; • 3+ speakers per LUAC dialect; • tonemes in various word patterns and sentence contexts; • phonological and phonetic analyses Part 1 / Vowels, voice quality, length • Seven vowel phonemes: /i,e,ɛ,a,ɔ,o,u/ • Two phonemic voice qualities (modal vs. breathy): rooor ‘forest.SG’ rooor ‘man.PL’ • Three levels of vowel length (V / VV / VVV): col ‘mouse.SG’ cool ‘charcoal.SG’ coool ‘charcoal.PL’ Part 1 / Inventory of tone • Most dialects have 4 distinctive tone patterns or tonemes: High (H), Falling (HL), Low (L), Rising (LH). Part 1 / Inventory of tone • Most dialects have 4 distinctive tone patterns or tonemes: High (H), Falling (HL), Low (L), Rising (LH). • E.g. Luanyjang (Luac) – Remijsen & Ladd (2008): HHLL LH bá̤ɲ gê̤em ɟṳ̀r cǒ̤ok chief.SG cheek.SG stranger.SG foot.SG léeŋ tîiim nòoon pǎal drum.SG tree.PL grass.SG knife.SG Part 2 / Dispersion Theory • Main difference in realisation among the 4-toneme dialects: relative height of the LH: Nyarweng Dinka Luanyjang Dinka H HL L LH Figure: Averaged f0 traces of the tonemes in Nyarweng and Luanyjang, on the voiced part of the rhyme. -
Anime/Games/J-Pop/J-Rock/Vocaloid
Anime/Games/J-Pop/J-Rock/Vocaloid Deutsch Alice Im Wunderland Opening Anne mit den roten Haaren Opening Attack On Titans So Ist Es Immer Beyblade Opening Biene Maja Opening Catpain Harlock Opening Card Captor Sakura Ending Chibi Maruko-Chan Opening Cutie Honey Opening Detektiv Conan OP 7 - Die Zeit steht still Detektiv Conan OP 8 - Ich Kann Nichts Dagegen Tun Detektiv Conan Opening 1 - 100 Jahre Geh'n Vorbei Detektiv Conan Opening 2 - Laufe Durch Die Zeit Detektiv Conan Opening 3 - Mit Aller Kraft Detektiv Conan Opening 4 - Mein Geheimnis Detektiv Conan Opening 5 - Die Liebe Kann Nicht Warten Die Tollen Fussball-Stars (Tsubasa) Opening Digimon Adventure Opening - Leb' Deinen Traum Digimon Adventure Opening - Leb' Deinen Traum (Instrumental) Digimon Adventure Wir Werden Siegen (Instrumental) Digimon Adventure 02 Opening - Ich Werde Da Sein Digimon Adventure 02 Opening - Ich Werde Da Sein (Insttrumental) Digimon Frontier Die Hyper Spirit Digitation (Instrumental) Digimon Frontier Opening - Wenn das Feuer In Dir Brennt Digimon Frontier Opening - Wenn das Feuer In Dir Brennt (Instrumental) (Lange Version) Digimon Frontier Wenn Du Willst (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Eine Vision (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Ending - Neuer Morgen Digimon Tamers Neuer Morgen (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Opening - Der Grösste Träumer Digimon Tamers Opening - Der Grösste Träumer (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Regenbogen Digimon Tamers Regenbogen (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Sei Frei (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Spiel Dein Spiel (Instrumental) DoReMi Ending Doremi -
Jtomsdvania September/October 2003 $3.00
Jtomsdvania September/October 2003 $3.00 www.fish.state.pa.us . / I The kegAtotte QtateA OMiciaP # J? Fishing and Sooting Magazine .wan m m » KEEP* PENNSYLVANIA! PROTECT • CONSERVE • ENHANCE {FISHING! Transitions fry Dennis Guise, Deputy Executive Director "Transition" is the watchword of today's Fish & Boat ation of a detailed fee proposal, the anglers and boaters of Commission. Pennsylvania are focusing on the future of fishing and With the retirement of Executive Director Peter A. boating and trying to ensure we have adequate operating Colangelo in June, the Commission has embarked on a funds for years to come. We want particularly to thank nationwide search for a new executive director. In the Chairman Bruce Smith and Chairman Ed Staback and meantime, I have been entrusted with responsibility for the staffs of the House and Senate Game and Fisheries leading the agency during this transition period. I see Committees for their interest and support," Concilia said. this transition as an opportunity to make positive changes We estimate that the consensus proposal advanced by and build a solid foundation for the future. the sportsmen's groups will increase Fish Fund revenue The Fish & Boat Commission is not standing still or between $4 million and $4.5 million per year. The new treading water during this transition period. There is boat registration fees proposed by the sportsmen will much we can and must do to provide our customers, the increase the Boat Fund's income by more than $1 million anglers and boaters of Pennsylvania, with the fishing and per year. boating opportunities they expect and deserve. -
Phonological Aspects of Western Nilotic Mutation Morphology
Phonological Aspects of Western Nilotic Mutation Morphology Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. phil. habil. der Philologischen Fakultat¨ der Universitat¨ Leipzig eingereicht von Dr. Jochen Trommer geb. 13.12.1970, Neustadt an der Waldnaab angefertigt am Institut fur¨ Linguistik Beschluss uber¨ die Verleihung des akademischen Grades vom: 24. Juli 2011 “Can there be any rebirth where there is no transmigration?” “Yes there can” “Just as a man can light one oil lamp from another “but nothing moves from one lamp to the other” “Or as a pupil can learn a verse by heart from a teacher “but the verse does not transmigrate from teacher to pupil” Chapter 1 Problems It is the cornerstone of non-traditional linguistics that a lexicon of a language consists of ar- bitrary pairs of morphological and phonological representations: morphemes. In this book, I want to defend the hypothesis that the interface of Phonology and Morphology is essen- tially blind to this arbitrariness: Morphology is not allowed to manipulate the phonological shape of morphemes. Phonology is barred to access the identity and idiosyncratic features of morphemes. Morphology may not convey diacritic symbols to Phonology allowing to iden- tify (classes of) morphemes, or control the operation of phonological processes for the sake of specific morphemes (see Scheer 2004, Bermudez-Otero´ 2011, for similar positions). This excludes many theoretical devices which are standardly used to derive non-concatenative mor- phology: Word Formation Rules (Anderson 1992): Morphological rules equipped with the full power of derivational phonological rules in classical Generative Phonology (Chomsky and Halle 1968). Readjustment Rules (Halle and Marantz 1993, Embick and Halle 2005, Embick 2010): Phono- logical rules which are triggered by the morphosyntactic context and a standard means in Distributed-Morphology to capture ablaut and similar patterns. -
Bari Grammar and Vocabulary
i 0& LIBRARY University of California. Class BAR! GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY. BAEI GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYJ EDITED BY Caft. R. C. R. OWEN, c.M.G. FELLOW OP THE ROYAL GEOGTRAPHICAL SOCIETY GOVERNOR, MONGALLA PROVINCE, SOUTHERN SUDAN J. k E. BUMPITS, LTD. 350, OXFORD STREET, LONDON 1908 : LONDON PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITEP, DUKK STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET. W t^Lgobi >/ PBEFACE The Bari tribe inhabit the country lying approximately between Latitudes 3° 40' N. and S*^ 45' N. — their Southern boundary being the River Assua. Their Northern neighbours are the Dinkas, to the South of them are the Madi, to the East the Berri, Beir and Latuka tribes, and to the West the Makraka, Azanda and Dinka tribes. The Bahr el Jebel runs through the centre of their territory. The river is broken up by many islands large and small ; the former are called by the Bari " Tikenyo " and the latter " Pipia." Most of these islands are extensively cultivated and provide the principal food supplies for the tribe. In the days of Sir Samuel Baker and Emin Pasha the Bari were a numerous and warlike tribe and rich in cattle, but under Dervish rule they suffered severely and the tribe is now a small one, with very few cattle. The Southern part of their country is mountainous, to the West (from North to South) being Mounts Lado, Nyerkoni, Jebel el Hadid, Kurruk, Kunguii and Weya, with Mount Logwek at Rejaf. On the East are Mounts Belinian, Luri and Longa, and still further East and South East are the Lokoya and Liria Mountains. -
Computer Games for the Real World
COMPUTER GAMES FOR THE REAL WORLD Designing a Design Method for Site-Specific Computer Games ERIK KRISTIANSEN Ph.D. Thesis Performance Design Dept. of Communication, Business, and Information Technologies Roskilde University 2009 PREFACE This dissertation on the design of computer games for the real world is meant to show the path I followed during my design work, as well as presenting the field of study. This means that practical design work is interspersed with the necessary presentation of theory and discussions. This puts the material in a strict chronological order, which shows the sequence of the reflections I have made. However this also means that some subjects are spread over the text while others are kept together. The pictures of the games and other illustrations are all provided by myself, unless otherwise stated. The web addresses are checked as per November 2009. I would like to thank my colleagues at the visual communication and performance design research group (VISPER, Roskilde University) for many fruitful discussions over the past three years. Many thanks to the many students who have worked with me, participated in my workshops, and played my games. Special thanks goes to Lise Iwanouv and Anne Bùgh for their effort on the game Klintespillet. I would also like to thank professor Christoph Schlieder at the University of Bamberg, who kindly invited me to stay at the university during the spring of 2009. And to my German colleagues at the university who every week, in the most enjoyable manner, taught me the art of playing German board games. My two supervisors Niels Erik Wille and Jan Pries-Heje have supplied lots of enthusiasm, support, critique and ideas for my work, for which I thank. -
G Gam Me Spa Ace E
Gamespace Plaay & Architecture in Videoogames Georgia Leigh McGregor Doctor of Philosophy School of Media Arts, University of New South Wales 2009 ii Abstract Videogames are created for play. In videogames play takes place in an artificially constructed environment – in gamespace. Gameplay occurs in gamespace. To understand videogames, it is essential to understand how their spaces are implicated in play. This thesis asks what are the relationships between play and space in videogames? This thesis examines the relationships between space and play by looking at how architecture is constructed in gamespace and by looking at gamespace as an architectonic construct. In short, this thesis examines the architecture in and of gamespace. The relationships between space and play in videogames are examined by looking at the structure of gamespace, by looking at the differences between real space and gamespace and by analysing architectural and spatial functionality. This thesis discovers a series of important relationships between space and play, arguing that gamespace is used to create, manipulate and control gameplay, while gameplay dictates and influences the construction of gamespace. Particular forms of play call for particular constructions of gamespace. Particular types of gamespace construct play in particular ways. This thesis identifies a number of ways in which gamespace is configured for play. Finally this thesis operates as a conceptual framework for understanding gamespace and architecture in videogames. iii Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements -
Conflict of National Identity in Sudan
CONFLICT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN SUDAN Kuel Maluil Jok Academic Dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in auditorium XII, on 31 March 2012 at 10 o‟clock. University of Helsinki, Department of World Cultures Kuel Jok Conflict of National Identity in Sudan Copyright © Kuel Jok 2012 ISBN 978-952-10-7919-1 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-7891-0 (PDF) UNIGRAFIA Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2012 ii ABSTRACT This study addresses the contemporary conflict of national identity in Sudan between the adherents of „Islamic nationalism‟ and „customary secularism‟. The former urge the adoption of a national constitution that derives its civil and criminal laws from Sharia (Islamic law) and Arabic be the language of instruction in national institutions of Sudan. The group argues that the intertwined model of the Islamic-Arab cultural identity accelerates assimilation of the heterogeneous African ethnic and religious diversities in Sudan into a homogeneous national identity defining Sudan as an Islamic-Arab state. The latter demand the adoption of secular laws, which must be derived from the diverse set of customary laws and equal opportunities for all African languages beside Arabic and English. The group claims that the adoption of the Islamic laws and Arabic legalises the treatment of the citizens in the country in terms of religion and race and that implies racism and discrimination. In this way, the adherents of the Islamic nationalism imposed the Islamic-Arab model. In reaction, the Muslims and the non-Muslim secularists resort to violence as an alternative model of resistance. -
The Southern Sudan Under British Rule 1898-1924 : the Constraints Reassessed
Durham E-Theses The Southern Sudan under British Rule 1898-1924 : the constraints reassessed. Mawut, Lazarus Leek How to cite: Mawut, Lazarus Leek (1995) The Southern Sudan under British Rule 1898-1924 : the constraints reassessed., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/971/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Abstract University of Durham Ph.D. 1995 THE SOUTHERN SUDAN UNDER BRITISH RULE 1898-1924: THE CONSTRAINTS REASSESSED bv Lazarus Leek Maiout Existing interpretations of modern Sudanesehistory have been much concerned with the disparity between North and South in the three key areas of civil administration, education, and economic development. The relatively slower development of the South has been seen as primarily a legacy of the early Anglo- Egyptian Condominium, and the result of several powerful constraints - physical, climatic, linguistic, financial; limited British interest in the region; local disorder and resistance; and the character of native tribal organisation. -
Chapter One: Introduction:………………………….………...……..……1
“We Will Do it Our Own Ways”: A Perspective of Southern Sudanese Refugees Resettlement Experiences in Australian Society James Wani-Kana Lino Lejukole Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Discipline of Anthropology The University of Adelaide South Australia June 2008 DECLARATION This work does not contain material that has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma at any university or tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of this thesis. I give consent for this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University of Adelaide library, being available for loan and photocopying, subject to the provision of the copyright Act 1968. Signed………………………..Date…………………… ii CONTENTS DECLARATION………………………………………………………...…………….II LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………….......……….VII ABSTRACT ………...…………………………………………………………...….VIII ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………………...XI DEDICATION……………………………………………………………...………..XV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION:………………………….………...……..……1 Resettlement of Migrants and Refugees in Australia: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective………………..…..……………………………..…………………………...9 Early Migrants……...…………...………………..……………………...10 Locating the Thesis……..…….………………………………………….15 Theoretical Perspective……......………………………………………...22 Integration……..…..………………………………………...…………...23 CHAPTER TWO: FIELD SITES AND FIELDWORK………………...………….39 Introduction…....................................................................................…...39