A Plan for Y B Action T R a New Era of International Po E Cooperation for a Changed World: a R 2009, 2010, and Beyond
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A Plan for Y B Action T R A New Era of International PO E Cooperation for a Changed World: A R 2009, 2010, and Beyond Managing Global Insecurity U.S. Advisory Group Members Madeleine Albright Sylvia Mathews Burwell John Podesta Principal, The Albright Group LLC; President, Global Development President and CEO, Center for Former U.S. Secretary of State Program, The Bill and Melinda Gates American Progress; Former White Foundation; Former Deputy Director House Chief of Staff Richard Armitage of the U.S. Office of Management President, Armitage International; Brent Scowcroft and Budget Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State President, The Scowcroft Group; Chester A. Crocker Former U.S. National Security Advisor Samuel Berger Professor of Strategic Studies, Chairman, Stonebridge International; Abraham Sofaer Georgetown University; Former Former U.S. National Security Advisor George P. Shultz Distinguished U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, Scholar and Senior Fellow at the Howard Berman African Affairs Hoover Institution; Former Legal Representative from California, Lawrence Eagleburger Advisor to the U.S. Department Chairman of the House Foreign Former U.S. Secretary of State of State Affairs Committee, United States Congress William Perry Strobe Talbott Michael and Barbara Berberian President, The Brookings Institution; Coit D. Blacker Professor and Co-Director of the Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Director and Senior Fellow, Freeman Preventive Defense Project at the Spogli Institute, Stanford University; Timothy Wirth Center for International Security and Former Senior Director at the President, The United Nations Cooperation; Senior Fellow, Freeman National Security Council Foundation; Former U.S. Senator Spogli Institute, Stanford University James D. Wolfensohn Thomas Pickering Chairman and CEO, Wolfensohn Vice Chairman, Hills & Company; and Company; Former World Bank Former U.S. Ambassador to the President United Nations International Advisory Group Members Fernando Henrique Cardoso Anwar Ibrahim Lalit Mansingh Former President of Brazil Honorary President of AccountAbility; Former Foreign Secretary of India Former Deputy Prime Minister of Jan Eliasson Vincent Maphai Malaysia Former Special Envoy to the Chairman, BHP Billiton, South Africa UN Secretary-General on Darfur; Wolfgang Ischinger Paul Martin Former Foreign Minister of Sweden Chairman, Munich Conference on Former Prime Minister of Canada Ashraf Ghani Security Policy; Former German Ayo Obe Chairman of the Institute for State Ambassador to the United States Chair of the World Movement for Effectiveness; Former Minister of Igor S. Ivanov Democracy, Nigeria Finance for Afghanistan Former Russian Foreign Minister; Sadako Ogata Jeremy Greenstock Former Secretary of the Security President, Japan International Director, Ditchley Foundation; Council of Russia Cooperation Agency; Former UN Former UK Ambassador to the UN Wu Jianmin High Commissioner for Refugees Rima Khalaf Hunaidi President, China Foreign Affairs Salim Ahmed Salim Chief Executive Officer, Mohammed University; Former Ambassador Former Secretary-General of the bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation; of China to the UN Organization of African Unity Former Assistant Secretary-General Kishore Mahbubani and Director, Regional Bureau for Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Javier Solana Arab States, UN Development Program Public Affairs; Former Ambassador of High Representative for the Singapore to the UN Common Foreign and Security Policy, European Union 2 Managing Global Insecurity (MGI) Co-Directors Bruce Jones Director and Senior Fellow We are especially indebted to MGI’s Center on International Cooperation research team—Holly Benner and New York University Jessie Duncan at the Brookings Institution, Catherine Bellamy and Carlos Pascual Richard Gowan at New York University’s Vice President and Director Center on International Cooperation Foreign Policy and Kate Chadwick at Stanford The Brookings Institution University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation—for their Stephen John Stedman instrumental role in developing the Senior Fellow ideas in this action plan and managing Center for International Security and Cooperation the Project’s extensive U.S. and inter- Stanford University national consultation agenda. CONTENTS Generating This Plan for Action . .4 Executive Summary . 6 International Cooperation in an Era of Transnational Threats . 10 A Foundation of Responsible Sovereignty . 10 The Political Moment: U .S . and International Convergence . .12 An Agenda for Action . 15 TRACK 1 . U .S . Engagement: Restoring Credible American Leadership . .16 TRACK 2 . Power and Legitimacy: Revitalizing International Institutions . .19 TRACK 3 . Strategy and Capacity: Tackling Shared Threats . 24 TRACK 4 . Internationalizing Crisis Response: Focus on the Broader Middle East . 30 Management: Sequencing and Targets of Opportunity . .34 Timeline for Action 2009–2012 . 35 Summary of Recommendations Across Four Tracks . 37 Appendices Acronym List . 39 Endnotes . .40 September 2008 3 Generating this Plan for Action he Managing Global Insecurity (MGI) Project seeks for their resonance internationally. American and Tto build international support for global institutions international leaders were brought together to consider and partnerships that can foster international peace and draft proposals. Through this global dialogue, the security—and the prosperity they enable—for the next Project sought a shared path forward. 50 years. MGI is a joint initiative among the Brookings Institution, the Center on International Cooperation at MGI’s findings also derive from extensive research and New York University, and the Center for International analysis of current global security threats and the per- Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. formance of international institutions. MGI solicited case studies from leading regional and subject experts Since its launch in the spring of 2007, MGI has sought that evaluated the successes and failures of international to develop its recommendations and conduct its work in responses to the “hard cases”—from the North Korean a manner best suited to address today’s most urgent nuclear threat to instability in Pakistan and state collapse global challenges—namely, by fostering a global dia- in Iraq. Both in the United States and internationally, logue. In a world where 21st century transnational MGI convened experts to review the Project’s threat- threats—from climate change to nuclear proliferation specific analyses and proposals. and terrorism—require joint solutions, discussions on these solutions must take place both inside and outside Financial support for the MGI project has also been American borders. As MGI launched this ambitious but robustly international. In addition to the Bertelsmann urgent agenda, the Project convened two advisory Stiftung, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Ditchley groups—one American and bipartisan, and one interna- Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, tional. MGI’s advisors are experienced leaders with John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and diverse visions for how the international security system UN Foundation, MGI has received funding and in-kind must be transformed. They are also skilled politicians support from the Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs of who understand the political momentum that must Norway, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland and power substantive recommendations. the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. A number of think tanks and other institutions in Japan, China and MGI brought these groups together for meetings in India hosted workshops to debate the Project’s findings. Washington D.C., New York, Ditchley Park (UK), MGI is indebted to its diverse supporters. Singapore, and Berlin. With their assistance, MGI also conducted consultations with government officials, MGI’s research and consultations provide the foundation policymakers and non-governmental organizations for the following Plan for Action, a series of policy briefs, across Europe and in Delhi, Beijing, Tokyo, Doha, and and MGI’s book, Power and Responsibility: International Mexico City. MGI held meetings at the United Nations, Order in an Era of Transnational Threats (forthcoming, and with African and Latin American officials in Brookings Press 2009). The authors are solely respon- Washington D.C. and New York. On the domestic front, sible for the following analysis and recommendations. MGI met with Congressional and Administration Based on MGI’s consultations, however, they are confi- officials as well as foreign policy advisors to the U.S. dent this is a historic opportunity for the United States Presidential campaigns. Ideas generated in international to forge new partnerships to tackle the most pressing consultations were tested on U.S. constituencies; ideas problems of this century. generated among U.S. policymakers were sounded out 4 The MGI project has consulted with field leaders and policymakers from around the globe and across party lines to generate discussion and debate, as well as build consensus among diverse perspectives. Top: MGI Advisory Group Member Sadako Ogata, President, Japan International Cooperation Agency; Group shot: Members of the MGI Advisory Group meeting at Bertelsmann Stiftung in Berlin, Germany, July 2008; Bottom, left to right: MGI Advisory Group Member Salim Ahmed Salim, Former Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity; MGI Co-Directors (from left), Stephen Stedman, Senior Fellow, Center for