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Army Space and Transformation View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2005-09 Army space and transformation Scherer, Clay S. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2056 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ARMY SPACE AND TRANSFORMATION by Clay S. Scherer September 2005 Thesis Advisor: Kyle T. Alfriend Second Reader: Lawrence E. Halbach Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2005 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Title (Mix case letters) 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Army Space and Transformation 6. AUTHOR(S) 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The Army is undergoing a Transformation process, the outcome of which will be an enhanced warfighting capability via the Objective Force. Space is a key enabler for the Army’s Objective Force capabilities and Joint combat operations. The Army has a long history of success in the space mission area that stretches back to the 1940s. The Army established doctrine for conducting space operations in support of the Objective Force. This thesis explains why the Army is involved in space from historical, doctrinal and policy perspectives. The Army created force structure for Space Support Elements (SSE) at the tactical level and organic to Division headquarters, and has planned and proposed additional space elements at the Brigade, Corps and Army organizational levels. The FA40, (Space Operations), Career Field is a relatively new personnel category that brings space products and services to the warfighter. Proper distribution of the FA40 personnel pool is a critical part of assuring the success of the FA40 Career Field. This thesis presents recommendations on how the Army can better organize its space force structure, allocate personnel and develop future space capabilities requirements documents to ensure relevancy in a transformed Army. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Space Support Element, Army Space Support Team, Unit of Employment, 15. NUMBER OF Unit of Action, Army Transformation, Functional Area 40 (Space Operations Officer), United States PAGES: 145 Army Space and Missile Command (USASMDC), United States Army Strategic Command (ARSTRAT), United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ARMY SPACE AND TRANSFORMATION Clay S. Scherer Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army B.S., United States Military Academy, 1988 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SPACE SYSTEMS OPERATIONS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 2005 Author: Clay S. Scherer Approved by: Dr Kyle T. Alfriend Thesis Advisor Lt Col Lawrence E. Halbach, USAF Second Reader Dr Rudolf Panholzer Chairman, Space Systems Academic Group iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT The Army is undergoing a Transformation process, the outcome of which will be an enhanced warfighting capability via the Objective Force. Space is a key enabler for the Army’s Objective Force capabilities and Joint combat operations. The Army has a long history of success in the space mission area that stretches back to the 1940s. The Army established doctrine for conducting space operations in support of the Objective Force. This thesis explains why the Army is involved in space from historical, doctrinal and policy perspectives. The Army created force structure for Space Support Elements (SSE) at the tactical level and organic to Division headquarters, and has planned and proposed additional space elements at the Brigade, Corps and Army organizational levels. The FA40, (Space Operations), Career Field is a relatively new personnel category that brings space products and services to the warfighter. Proper distribution of the FA40 personnel pool is a critical part of assuring the success of the FA40 Career Field. This thesis presents recommendations on how the Army can better organize its space force structure, allocate personnel and develop future space capabilities requirements documents to ensure relevancy in a transformed Army. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 II. THE ARMY AND SPACE..........................................................................................5 A. OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................5 B. THE ARMY’S HISTORY IN SPACE ...........................................................5 C. THE ARMY’S CURRENT ROLE IN SPACE ...........................................12 D. ARMY SPACE MISSION AREAS: DOCTRINE AND POLICY LINKAGES ....................................................................................................24 III. THE ARMY AND TRANSFORMATION ..............................................................35 A. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................35 B. UNITS OF ACTION AND UNITS OF EMPLOYMENT..........................36 C. TRANSFORMING ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMAND LEVELS ...42 1. Units of Employment .........................................................................46 2. Units of Action....................................................................................50 D. SPACE SUPPORT TO THE TRANSFORMED ARMY...........................51 IV. THE SPACE SUPPORT FORCE STRUCTURE...................................................57 A. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................57 B. SPACE SUPPORT FORCE STRUCTURE ................................................57 C. MISSIONS FOR THE OPERATIONAL SPACE SUPPORT ELEMENTS ...................................................................................................63 V. MANNING THE SPACE FORCE...........................................................................67 A. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................67 B. EMERGENCE OF THE FA40 SPACE OPERATIONS OFFICER ........67 C. THE ARMY SPACE CADRE ......................................................................70 D. SPACE FORCE MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS REVIEW (FORMAL) .....................................................................................................72 E. MANNING REQUIREMENTS IN ARMY SPACE...................................77 1. Tactical Manning ...............................................................................78 2. Operational and Service Level..........................................................79 3. Strategic and Joint Level...................................................................80 4. Balancing the Manning Requirements.............................................81 VI. EQUIPPING THE SPACE FORCE ........................................................................83 A. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................83 B. ARMY SPACE REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT.............................83 C. CURRENT EQUIPMENT FOR ARMY SPACE FORCES......................87 D. FUTURE EQUIPMENT ...............................................................................91 VII. SERVICE SPACE ORGANIZATIONS AND STRUCTURE...............................93 A. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................93 B. THE NAVY.....................................................................................................93 vii C. THE MARINE CORPS.................................................................................95
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