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SpaceAl2005 manac Stratosphere begins 10 miles Limit for turbojet engines 20 miles Limit for ramjet engines 28 miles Astronaut wings awarded 50 miles Low Earth orbit begins 60 miles 0.95G 100 miles Medium Earth orbit begins 300 miles 44 44 AIR FORCEAIR FORCE Magazine Magazine / August / August 2005 2005 SpaceAl manacThe US military space operation in facts and figures. Compiled by Tamar A. Mehuron, Associate Editor, and the staff of Air Force Magazine Hard vacuum 1,000 miles Geosynchronous Earth orbit 22,300 miles 0.05G 60,000 miles NASA photo/staff illustration by Zaur Eylanbekov Illustration not to scale AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2005 AIR FORCE Magazine / /August August 2005 2005 4545 US Military Missions in Space Space Force Support Space Force Enhancement Space Control Space Force Application Launch of satellites and other Provide satellite communica- Assure US access to and freedom Pursue research and devel- high-value payloads into space tions, navigation, weather, mis- of operation in space and deny opment of capabilities for the and operation of those satellites sile warning, and intelligence to enemies the use of space. probable application of combat through a worldwide network of the warfighter. operations in, through, and from ground stations. space to influence the course and outcome of conflict. US Space Funding Millions of constant FY06 dollars $50,000 DOD 45,000 NASA 40,000 Other Total 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 59 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 04 Fiscal Year FY NASA DOD Other Total FY NASA DOD Other Total 1959 1,769 3,321 230 5,320 1983 12,536 17,867 648 31,051 1960 3,078 3,738 287 7,103 1984 13,026 19,364 750 33,140 1961 6,109 5,370 449 11,928 1985 12,696 23,409 1,070 37,175 1962 11,738 8,479 1,300 21,517 1986 12,891 25,416 858 39,165 1963 23,381 9,995 1,657 35,033 1987 17,035 28,285 809 46,129 1964 31,929 10,178 1,356 43,464 1988 13,883 29,494 1,236 44,613 1965 32,191 9,862 1,510 43,562 1989 16,073 28,504 892 45,469 1966 30,839 10,284 1,303 42,426 1990 17,308 23,585 764 41,657 1967 28,524 9,827 1,258 39,609 1991 18,909 20,554 1,119 40,583 1968 25,107 10,893 987 36,988 1992 18,574 21,141 1,123 40,837 1969 20,532 10,814 915 32,261 1993 17,848 19,272 999 38,119 1970 18,027 8,528 717 27,272 1994 17,340 17,532 842 35,714 1971 15,096 7,361 788 23,245 1995 16,247 13,788 983 31,018 1972 14,487 6,637 629 21,753 1996 15,807 14,480 1,041 31,328 1973 13,739 7,209 655 21,602 1997 15,314 14,416 971 30,701 1974 11,041 7,067 633 18,740 1998 14,908 14,954 1,016 30,878 1975 10,692 6,940 579 18,210 1999 14,751 15,631 1,163 31,545 1976 11,180 6,875 584 18,639 2000 14,337 14,817 1,209 30,363 1977 11,198 7,852 630 19,680 2001 14,818 15,957 1,183 31,958 1978 10,961 8,283 684 19,928 2002 15,206 17,255 1,311 33,773 1979 10,954 8,252 674 19,881 2003 15,389 20,777 1,398 37,564 1980 11,208 9,215 553 20,977 2004 14,915 20,889 1,529 37,333 1981 10,839 10,483 509 21,830 Total $715,736 $638,505 $42,436 $1,396,676 1982 11,302 13,655 639 25,596 46 AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2005 The Year in Space Aug. 31, 2004 contiguous US becomes “Air Force Fence” March 25 Lockheed Martin launches 63rd and final ... Operated by AFSPC’s 20th Space Peter B. Teets, acting Secretary of the Air Atlas II ... NRO payload boosted to orbit Control Squadron, Det. 1, located at Naval Force, resigns ... Had served as undersec- from Cape Canaveral AFS, Fla. ... Atlas II Network and Space Operations Command, retary of the Air Force, director of the NRO, sustained perfect launch record since 1991. Dahlgren, Va. and DOD executive agent for space since Sept. 2 Oct. 4 late 2001. Hurricane Frances forces mass evacu- Air Force Col. Gordon L. Cooper Jr. (Ret.), April 11 ation of Patrick AFB, Fla., and the East youngest of NASA’s seven original Mercury An Orbital Sciences Minotaur rocket boosts Coast Launch Facility ... First since 1989’s astronauts, dies at home in Ventura, Calif., a microsatellite into polar orbit from Van- Hurricane Hugo ... Significant destruction at age 77. denberg ... Weighing only 220 pounds, and across facility spares Delta II, Delta III, and Oct. 7 self-maneuvering, XSS-11 will rendez- Titan IVB launch vehicles on pads at Cape AFSPC officials unveil new single space vous with a satellite and conduct standoff Canaveral. badge, replacing current space and missile inspection and circumnavigation, among Sept. 24 functional badge and “pocket rocket” mis- other capabilities. USAF achieves initial operational capability sile operator’s badge. April 26 with Counter Communications System ... Nov. 6 USAF announces consolidation of ASPC’s Designed to disrupt enemy communica- A Boeing Delta II launched by AFSPC Space Warfare Center and Air Combat tions satellites using reversible, nonde- operators at Cape Canaveral boosts a Command’s Air Warfare Center to shed structive means. Lockheed Martin-built GPS satellite into artificial distinction between airpower and Sept. 29 orbit to replace one of the satellites in the space power ... New organization dubbed Privately built SpaceShipOne achieves GPS constellation. Air Force Warfare Center ... Located at Nel- suborbit, reaching 62.2 miles on the first Dec. 10 lis AFB, Nev. ... Assigned to ACC. of two record-setting flights ... Captures Missile Defense Agency places interceptor April 29 Ansari X Prize of $10 million and Collier at Vandenberg AFB, Calif. ... Part of MDA Space operators at Cape Canaveral Trophy ... Demonstrates low-cost access to network of interceptors—six previously conclude 40-year history with launch of space and boosts prospects for eventual installed at Ft. Greely, Alaska. System facility’s last Titan IVB expendable launch commercial space tourism. developed to protect against ballistic mis- vehicle. Oct. 1 sile attack. May 2 AFSPC establishes National Security Dec. 21 Boeing and Lockheed Martin join forces to Space Institute, Colorado Springs, Colo. ... Boeing achieves first flight of its new Delta supply evolved expendable launch vehicle NSSI serves as DOD’s primary center for IV heavy lift rocket. services for government payloads ... Move space education and training ... Incopor- Feb. 3, 2005 will reduce cost by combining launch sup- ates Space Operations School formerly run Crews at Cape Canaveral launch last port for Boeing’s Delta IV and Lockheed’s by Space Warfare Center, Schriever AFB, of Lockheed Martin’s Atlas III rockets ... Atlas V EELVs. Colo. Boosts NRO satellite into orbit. June 29 Oct. 1 Feb. 11 Northrop Grumman completes delta pre- “Navy Fence” network of nine antenna sites Air Force space operators at Vandenberg liminary design review, a major milestone that identify satellites passing over the take delivery of first Atlas V launcher. for NPOESS program. Space and Missile Badges CURRENT HISTORICAL Space Badge Space/Missile Badge Astronaut Missile Badge Missile Badge With Operations Designator AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2005 47 Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, Colo. (As of July 1, 2005) Commander Gen. Lance W. Lord 14th Air Force Space & Missile Systems Center Space Warfare Center 20th Air Force Vandenberg AFB, Calif. Los Angeles AFB, Calif. Schriever AFB, Colo. F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo. Commander Commander Commander Commander Maj. Gen. William L. Shelton Lt. Gen. Michael A. Hamel Maj. Gen. Daniel J. Darnell Maj. Gen. Frank G. Klotz 21st Space Wing Program Offices 90th Space Wing Peterson AFB, Colo. DMSP F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle 30th Space Wing Launch Programs 91st Space Wing Vandenberg AFB, Calif. MILSATCOM-Joint Minot AFB, N.D. Navstar Global Positioning System-Joint 45th Space Wing Satellite and Launch Control 341st Space Wing Patrick AFB, Fla. Space Based Infrared Systems Malmstrom AFB, Mont. Space Radar-Joint 50th Space Wing Space Superiority System Schriever AFB, Colo. 460th Space Wing Buckley AFB, Colo. Map by Zaur Eylanbekov Air Force Space Bases, Stations, and Space Surveillance Network 48 AIR FORCE Magazine / August 2005 USAF Elements in National Security Space USAF Space Acquisition Executive DOD Executive Agent for Space Director, National Reconnaissance Kenneth Krieg (acting) Michael Dominguez (acting) Office Dennis Fitzgerald (acting) Program Executive Military Space NRO Officer for Space Deputy Deputy Director Lt. Gen. Michael Hamel Vacant Dennis Fitzgerald Director, Space National Security Space Acquisition Office Richard McKinney Director Maj. Gen. James Armor Space Leaders (As of July 9, 2005. A = Acting) US Space Command National Reconnaissance Office Gen. Robert T. Herres Sept. 23, 1985 Feb. 5, 1987 Joseph V. Charyk Sept. 6, 1961 March 1, 1963 Gen. John L. Piotrowski Feb. 6, 1987 March 30, 1990 Brockway McMillan March 1, 1963 Oct. 1, 1965 Gen. Donald J. Kutyna April 1, 1990 June 30, 1992 Alexander H. Flax Oct. 1, 1965 March 11, 1969 Gen. Charles A. Horner June 30, 1992 Sept. 12, 1994 John L. McLucas March 17, 1969 Dec. 20, 1973 Gen. Joseph W. Ashy Sept. 13, 1994 Aug.
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