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Space Handbook - a War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 1 Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 1 This file is available on the Cryptome DVD offered by Cryptome. Cryptome DVD. Donate $25 for a DVD of the Cryptome 10-year archives of 35,000 files from June 1996 to June 2006 (~3.5 GB). Click Paypal or mail check/MO made out to John Young, 251 West 89th Street, New York, NY 10024. Archives include all files of cryptome.org, cryptome2.org, jya.com, cartome.org, eyeball-series.org and iraq-kill-maim.org. Cryptome INSCOM DVD. Cryptome offers with the Cryptome DVD an INSCOM DVD of about 18,000 pages of counter-intelligencedossiers declassifiedby the US Army Informationand Security Command, dating from 1945 to 1985. No additionalcontributionrequired -- $25 for both. The DVDs will be sent anywhere worldwide without extra cost. 4 May 1997 Source: Printed publication, 161 pp. AU (3K) Space Handbook A War Fighter's Guide to Space Volume One · Prepared by http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 2 Maj Michael J. Muolo Air University Air Command and Staff College Compiled by Maj Richard A. Hand Edited by Maj Richard A. Hand Maj Bonnie Houchen Maj Lou Larson AU-18 Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6428 December 1993 Disclaimer This publicationwas produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interestof academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views expressed in this publicationare those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publicationhas been reviewed by security and policy review authoritiesand is cleared for public release. To the Reader As with any published work, the materialimmediatelydates itself, thus at times becoming less relevant. These two volumes have been written with the expressed intent of remaining valid for as many years as possible--with the hope of impartingan educational framework to build upon rather than current and specific facts that often change quickly. We hope the reader will learn principlesand be stimulatedin thought, rather than struggle with errata induced by rapid change. Submit changes to: Maj Michael J. Muolo ACSC/DEAC 225 Chennault Circle Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6426 "The space support for Desert Storm [and] Desert Shield will probably be the minimumsupport expected in any future crisis." Vice Adm W. A. Dougherty, USN Deputy Commander, US Space Command 15-21 April 1991 Space News "The Gulf War 'was the first space war . it was the first war of the space age.' " Gen MerrillA. McPeak Air Force Chief of Staff http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 3 8 April 1991 Aviation Week & Space Technology "Our technology superiority, particularlyin space, was essentialto our ability to prosecute the war quickly, safely and successfully." Donald Atwood Department of Defense Deputy Secretary 22 April 1991 MilitarySpace "This was the first war in which space played a central part, and DSP was a very importantpart of it." Henry Cooper Director of US Strategic Defense InitiativeOrganization 1-7 April 1991 Space News "Space systems have become an integral part of all battle resources." Lt Gen James S. Cassity, Jr., USAF Director of Command, Control, and Communicationsfor the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1-7 April 1991 Space News "Imaging and SIGINT satellitesplayed a very major role in the success of the air war and as a result, the success of the ground war, just in terms of providing a comprehensive target list, target base, for planning the air war, [and] allowing the assessmentof damage." Jeffrey T. Richelson National Security Archive Washington D.C. 4 March 1991 Aerospace Daily Contents Chapter DISCLAIMER FOREWORD PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 SPACE HISTORY: THE EVOLUTION OF SPACE POWER Truman Years: 1945-1952 Eisenhower Years: 1953-1960 http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 4 InternationalGeophysical Year National Aeronautics and Space Administration MissileGap MilitarySpace Systems Communicationand Navigation AntiballisticMissiles Antisatellites X-20 MissileWarning and Space Surveillance Program496L North American Aerospace Defense Command and the MissileWarning Network Kennedy and Johnson Years: 1961-1968 MilitarySpace Systems MilitarySatellites Vela Antisatellites AntiballisticMissiles Fractional Orbit Bombardment System MissileWarning and Space SurveillanceNetwork National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nixon and Ford Years: 1969-1976 Soviet Threat AntiballisticMissiles MilitarySpace Systems Antisatellites MissileWarning and Space SurveillanceNetwork National Aeronautics and Space Administration Apollo X Apollo/Soyuz Test Program Carter Years: 1977-1980 MilitarySpace Systems AntisatelliteWeapons SatelliteSurvivability Directed Energy Weapons MissileWarning and the Space SurveillanceNetwork National Aeronautics and Space Administration Reagan Years: 1981-1988 Arms Negotiations http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 5 Strategic Defense Initiativeand the AntiballisticMissileTreaty MilitarySpace Systems Antisatellites MissileWarning and Spacetrack Network National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationShuttle Program Bush Years: 1989-1992 Notes 2 SPACE LAW , POLICY, AND DOCTRINE InternationalSpace Law Domestic Space Law National Space Policy Early Policy Intervening Years Carter AdministrationSpace Policy Reagan AdministrationSpace Policy Bush AdministrationSpace Policy Department of Defense Space Policy Air Force Space Policy Space Doctrine Joint Space Doctrine Air Force Space Doctrine Notes 3 SPACE SUPPORT TO THE WAR FIGHTERS: SPACE MISSIONS AND MILITARY SPACE SYSTEMS Force Support--Air Force SatelliteControl Network Dedicated and Common-User Elements Types of SatelliteSupport SatelliteOperations Centers Space Vehicle Support--Pass/Contact Description Remote Tracking Stations Remote Tracking Station Communications Remote Tracking Station--Mission Unique Interfaces Command Centers Network Control System CommunicationsSystem--Major Components Additional Systems Force Enhancement http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 6 Spacelift Surveillanceand Reconnaissance Defense Support Program Landsat Navigation Systems CommunicationsSystems Defense SatelliteCommunicationsSystem NATO III Fleet SatelliteCommunicationsSystem Meteorology Aerospace Control Space Surveillance Space SurveillanceNetwork Dedicated Sensors CollateralSensors Contributing Sensors Protection Negation Force Applications Global Protection against Limited Strikes Accidental and Unauthorized Strikes Elements of Global Protection against Limited Strikes Global Protection against Limited Strikes Architecture BrilliantPebbles US Ground-Based Defense Follow-on Systems Notes 4 SPACELIFT The Launch Centers Vandenberg Air Force Base Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Current Launch Vehicles SCOUT Pegasus Delta Atlas http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 7 Titan Space Transportation System The Launch Process Notes 5 MILITARY SPACE STRATEGY AND EVOLVING SYSTEMS Space Force Support Space Force Enhancement Evolving Systems Space-Based Wide Area Surveillance MultispectralImagery Milstar Ultra High Frequency Follow-On Tactical Satellites National Launch System National Aerospace Plane Single Stage to Orbit Global Protection against Limited Strikes Notes GLOSSARY Classified Annexes (under separate cover) [Not here] Annex A Space Support to Desert Storm (U) B Passive SurveillanceSystem (U) C Defense Support Program and Follow-on Early Warning System (U) Illustrations Figure 1 SatelliteSupport Functional Flow 2 Remote Tracking Station Locations 3 Current Third Country BallisticMissileCapability 4 GPALS Integrated System and Key Elements 5 GPALS Architecture: Space-Based Protection against BallisticMissileswith a Range Greater than 600 Kilometers 6 GPALS Architecture: Ground-Based Protection against Strategic BallisticMissiles 7 GPALS Architecture: Protection against SLBMs 8 Complete GPALS Architecture http://cryptome.info/shall.htm June 10, 2013 2:05:29 PM Space Handbook - A War Fighter's Guide to Space, Volume I 8 9 Launch Base Processing Flow 10 Typical Delta II Mission Profile 11 National Launch System Vehicle Specifications 12 Single Stage to Orbit Table 1 InternationalAgreements that Limit MilitaryActivitiesin Space 2 Launch Capability in California 3 Launch Capability in Florida Photograph [Not with text; separate hyperlinked files] Echo Balloon Mercury Capsule (Artist's Conception) Mercury Capsule Dimensions MR-3 Lift-off Mercury-Atlas 9 Gemini IX Lift-off GT-3 Lift-off Saturn S-IVB Engine Apollo 15 Rollout Skylab Apollo/Soyuz Test Project Spacecraft Voyager Spacecraft Landsat C Landsat D Global Positioning System Satellite Defense SatelliteCommunicationsSystem III Satellite Fleet SatelliteCommunicationsSystem Satellite Defense MeteorologicalSatelliteProgram Satellite PAVE PAWS Pegasus Delta II Atlas Atlas-Centaur Titan II Titan IV Space Transportation System Space-Based Wide Area SurveillanceSatellite National Aerospace Plane Foreword For over 30 years, space has been integral to the security of the United States and its allies. Secretary of the Air Force Donald B. Rice said, "Space forces are a central
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