Miami Avenue Traffic Study
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A Behavior-Based Framework for Assessing Barrier Effects to Wildlife from Vehicle Traffic Volume 1 Sandra L
CONCEPTS & THEORY A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume 1 Sandra L. Jacobson,1,† Leslie L. Bliss-Ketchum,2 Catherine E. de Rivera,2 and Winston P. Smith3,4 1 1USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California 95618 USA 1 2Department of Environmental Science & Management, School of the Environment, 1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 USA 1 3USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon 97850 USA 1 Citation: Jacobson, S. L., L. L. Bliss-Ketchum, C. E. de Rivera, and W. P. Smith. 2016. A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume. Ecosphere 7(4):e01345. 10.1002/ecs2.1345 Abstract. Roads, while central to the function of human society, create barriers to animal movement through collisions and habitat fragmentation. Barriers to animal movement affect the evolution and tra- jectory of populations. Investigators have attempted to use traffic volume, the number of vehicles passing a point on a road segment, to predict effects to wildlife populations approximately linearly and along taxonomic lines; however, taxonomic groupings cannot provide sound predictions because closely related species often respond differently. We assess the role of wildlife behavioral responses to traffic volume as a tool to predict barrier effects from vehicle-caused mortality and avoidance, to provide an early warning system that recognizes traffic volume as a trigger for mitigation, and to better interpret roadkill data. We propose four categories of behavioral response based on the perceived danger to traffic: Nonresponders, Pausers, Speeders, and Avoiders. -
Driver Understanding of the Flashing Yellow Arrow and Dynamic No Turn on Red Sign for Right Turn Applications
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2018 Driver Understanding of the Flashing Yellow Arrow and Dynamic No Turn on Red Sign for Right Turn Applications Elizabeth Casola University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Transportation Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Casola, Elizabeth, "Driver Understanding of the Flashing Yellow Arrow and Dynamic No Turn on Red Sign for Right Turn Applications" (2018). Masters Theses. 631. https://doi.org/10.7275/11923057 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/631 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF THE FLASHING YELLOW ARROW AND DYNAMIC NO TURN ON RED SIGN FOR RIGHT TURN APPLICATIONS A Thesis Presented by ELIZABETH CASOLA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING May 2018 Civil Engineering DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF THE FLASHING YELLOW ARROW AND DYNAMIC NO TURN ON RED SIGN FOR RIGHT TURN APPLICATIONS A Thesis Presented by ELIZABETH CASOLA Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________ Michael A. Knodler Jr., Chair ____________________________ Eleni Christofa, Member ____________________________ Cole Fitzpatrick, Member ____________________________________ Richard N. Palmer, Department Head Civil and Environmental Engineering Department ABSTRACT DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF THE FLASHING YELLOW ARROW AND DYNAMIC NO TURN ON RED SIGN FOR RIGHT TURN APPLICATIONS MAY 2018 ELIZABETH CASOLA, B.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST M.S.C.E., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Michael A. -
View Spec Sheet
IQ1500 Variable Speed Limit Sign White Violator Strobes Variation The IQ Series of Radar Speed Signs offers solutions forraising drivers’ attentions and improving road safety. The bright 15” characters can be seen from up to 750’ away, and help increase driver speed awareness on the roadways where crashes can be so dangerous. SafetyCalm data collection software allows you to gather data of traffic patterns and program the sign to help keep roads safer. Key Features: Part #: M75-15VSL-U0W1 • Modular design for quick, easy installation and service • Full Matrix, amber LEDs with 15” high digits. “SLOW DOWN” or “TOO FAST” messages activate to provide speed sensitive violator warning without being distracting. Why TraffiCalm™? • All iQ Series signs include SafetyCalm Software, a Full Featured Configuration, Scheduling and Data Software Suite. ISO 9001:2015 Certified • USA based facility • Emoticon Display options to grab driver’s attention • Engineered with intelligent power features. Power-Miser mode activates All signs 100% MUTCD • automatically to preserve functionality even with low power input. compliant • Solar or 110V AC ready (power packages sold separately) Vandal resistant • • K-band (24.15GHz) radar, range 450 feet. designs • Unlimited tech support and customer service from our USA facility for the life Broadest range of • of the sign sizes and options in the industry • Fast delivery- typically ships within 2 weeks of order • Made in America. Certificate of Compliance available upon request Industry leading • turnaround from • 3 year limited warranty order to delivery Unlimited tech sup- Package Includes: • port and customer Variable speed limit sign, mounting bracket, SafetyCalm™ Configuration and service from our USA Traffic Data Collection Software, installation and user manual. -
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Traffic Light Indicator (Easy Read)
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Traffic Light Indicator (Easy Read) Thermometer DESCRIPTION: The Traffic Light Indicator (TLI) is a single event temperature indicator that shows colour changes associated with that of traffic lights i.e. green to amber to red as the temperature increases. The colour changes are reversible. The product can be used to indicate two temperatures, the transition from green to amber and the transition from amber to red. In the example given in the specification below, these are at 50°C and 70°C respectively. The graphics are printed onto the reverse of a clear polyester using industry standard graphic inks. The event window is then created by a series of 6 coatings using propriety formulated temperature sensitive materials that change colour at designated temperatures which allows an instant response with a continuous readout. The distance from the event window to the edge increases water resistance. Once the coatings have been applied they are sealed in using a custom black coating which is applied across the back of the event window. An adhesive backing is then applied onto the strip and a UV inhibitor is over printed onto the face of the indicator before being cut to size. The colour changes are viewed through the clear, unlaminated side of the indicator. The protective release-liner can be removed for easy adhesion to a variety of flat surfaces. SPECIFICATIONS: Substrate: 100 Micron Clear Polyester Size: 52mm X 48mm Graphics: Black, White, Green, Amber & Red Temperature Profile: Below 50°C Event Window is Green in colour Between 50°C and 70°C Event Window is Amber in colour Above 70°C Event Window is Red in colour Accuracy: Materials are accurate to +/- 1°C Adhesive: Pressure Sensitive Acrylic with a moisture stable release liner Total Thickness: Approximately 245 microns INSTRUCTIONS OF USE: Peel indicator from release liner. -
Module 6. Hov Treatments
Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Module 6. TABLE OF CONTENTS MODULE 6. HOV TREATMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 6-5 TREATMENTS ..................................................... 6-6 MODULE OBJECTIVES ............................................. 6-6 MODULE SCOPE ................................................... 6-7 6.2 DESIGN PROCESS .......................................... 6-7 IDENTIFY PROBLEMS/NEEDS ....................................... 6-7 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTNERS .................................... 6-8 CONSENSUS BUILDING ........................................... 6-10 ESTABLISH GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................... 6-10 ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE CRITERIA / MOES ....................... 6-10 DEFINE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................. 6-11 IDENTIFY AND SCREEN TECHNOLOGY ............................. 6-11 System Planning ................................................. 6-13 IMPLEMENTATION ............................................... 6-15 EVALUATION .................................................... 6-16 6.3 TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES .................. 6-18 HOV FACILITIES ................................................. 6-18 Operational Considerations ......................................... 6-18 HOV Roadway Operations ...................................... 6-20 Operating Efficiency .......................................... 6-20 Considerations for 2+ Versus 3+ Occupancy Requirement ............. 6-20 Hours of Operations .......................................... -
Understanding Intersections –– Stopping at Intersections Are Places Where a Number of Road Users Cross Intersections Paths
4 rules of the road Chapter 3, signs, signals and road markings, gave you some in this chapter information about the most common signs, signals and road markings you will see when driving. This chapter gives • Understanding you the information you’ll need to help you drive safely at intersections intersections, use lanes correctly and park legally. – signalling – types of intersections Understanding intersections – stopping at Intersections are places where a number of road users cross intersections paths. There is often a lot of activity in intersections, so it’s – right‑of‑way at important to be alert. Remember that other road users may be intersections in a hurry, and may want to move into the same space that you • Using lanes are planning on moving into. correctly – which lane Signalling should you use Signals are important — they let other traffic know what you are – lane tracking intending to do. You should signal when you’re preparing to: – turning lanes – reserved lanes • turn left or right – pulling into a • change lanes lane • park – passing – merging • move toward, or away from, the side of the road. – highway or freeway Types of intersections entrances and exits Controlled intersections – cul‑de‑sacs A controlled intersection is one that has signs or traffic lights – turning around telling you what to do. To drive safely in these intersections, you • Parking tips and need to know what the signals and signs mean, and also the rules right‑of‑way rules. But always be cautious. Other drivers may not be paying attention to the signs and signals. Uncontrolled intersections Uncontrolled intersections have no signs or traffic lights. -
DMV Driver Manual
New Hampshire Driver Manual i 6WDWHRI1HZ+DPSVKLUH DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES MESSAGE FROM THE DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES Driving a motor vehicle on New Hampshire roadways is a privilege and as motorists, we all share the responsibility for safe roadways. Safe drivers and safe vehicles make for safe roadways and we are pleased to provide you with this driver manual to assist you in learning New Hampshire’s motor vehicle laws, rules of the road, and safe driving guidelines, so that you can begin your journey of becoming a safe driver. The information in this manual will not only help you navigate through the process of obtaining a New Hampshire driver license, but it will highlight safe driving tips and techniques that can help prevent accidents and may even save a life. One of your many responsibilities as a driver will include being familiar with the New Hampshire motor vehicle laws. This manual includes a review of the laws, rules and regulations that directly or indirectly affect you as the operator of a motor vehicle. Driving is a task that requires your full attention. As a New Hampshire driver, you should be prepared for changes in the weather and road conditions, which can be a challenge even for an experienced driver. This manual reviews driving emergencies and actions that the driver may take in order to avoid a major collision. No one knows when an emergency situation will arise and your ability to react to a situation depends on your alertness. Many factors, such as impaired vision, fatigue, alcohol or drugs will impact your ability to drive safely. -
Energy Efficient Lighting
Energy Efficient Lighting Overview According to the International Energy Agency in 2013 electricity for lighting consumed 20% of the output of the world’s power stations.1 For the USA the share of lighting was 15% in 20162. The use of energy efficient lighting is one of the simplest and most cost effective ways of reducing energy consumption. Efficient lighting programmes can be implemented in several areas within cities by: Figure 1: CFLs save up to 80% of energy compared to incandescent y Replacing traditional incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent light bulbs light bulbs (CFLs). CC-BY-SA, Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA, Kübelbeck, Armin Photo: y Replacing old fluorescent tubes with efficient fluorescent tubes. y Replacing old magnetic ballasts with electronic ballasts in fluorescent tube systems. y Installing lighting control systems (motion and lux level sensors) y Using light-emitting diode (LED) technology wherever possible. This technology is developing fast and is getting steadily cheaper. LED’s are now able to replace most conventional lighting applications, such as traffic lights, down lighters, streetlights, security lights and even strip lighting to replace fluorescent tubes. It is anticipated that LEDs y Making streetlights more efficient e.g. by replacing mercury vapour will be used in most lights with high pressure sodium lights or LEDs that operate on around a third of the power. LED lights have more than double the life span. applications in the future. Decreasing costs makes them financially more viable for street lighting. 1 https://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/subtopics/lighting/ 2 https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=99&t=3 LED: lights of the future The development of LED lights is moving fast. -
Shared Streets and Alleyways – White Paper
City of Ashland, Ashland Transportation System Plan Shared Streets and Alleyways – White Paper To: Jim Olson, City of Ashland Cc: Project Management Team From: Adrian Witte and Drew Meisel, Alta Planning + Design Date: February 2, 2011 Re: Task 7.1.O White Paper: “Shared Streets and Alleyways” - DRAFT Direction to the Planning Commission and Transportation Commission Five sets of white papers are being produced to present information on tools, opportunities, and potential strategies that could help Ashland become a nationwide leader as a green transportation community. Each white paper will present general information regarding a topic and then provide ideas on where and how that tool, strategy, and/or policy could be used within Ashland. You will have the opportunity to review the content of each white paper and share your thoughts, concerns, questions, and ideas in a joint Planning Commission/Transportation Commission meeting. Based on discussions at the meeting, the material in the white paper will be: 1) Revised and incorporated into the alternatives analysis for the draft TSP; or 2) Eliminated from consideration and excluded from the alternatives analysis. The overall intent of the white paper series is to explore opportunities and discuss the many possibilities for Ashland. Shared Streets Introduction Shared Streets aim to provide a better balance of the needs of all road users to improve safety, comfort, and livability. They are similar to European concepts such as the Dutch based ‘Woonerf’ and the United Kingdom’s ‘Home Zone’, with some distinct differences. This balance is accomplished through integration rather than segregation of users. By eschewing many of the traditional roadway treatments such as curbs, signs, and pavement markings, the distinction between modes is blurred. -
Reversible Traffic Lanes
Traffic Management System Efficiency Reversible Traffic Lanes REVERSIBLE TRAFFIC LANES Description Reversible traffic lanes add capacity to a road and decrease congestion by borrowing capacity from the other (off- peak) direction. Reversing lanes reduces congestion during morning and evening commutes, when there is an incident blocking a lane of traffic, or when construction or maintenance is being done on the road. Roads can be adjusted to become a one- way street or have one middle lane operate in the peak direction. These adjustments, indicated by changeable message signs and/or Cost: arrows, occur at specified times of the day or when volume Time: Short exceeds certain limits. Impact: Corridor Target Market Who: City/State . Congested work zone areas or during incidents Hurdles: Public Awareness/ . Roads with highly directional congestion Operation . Bridges, tunnels, and toll booth areas difficult to widen . Surrounding or leading to/from special event centers Reversible lanes work well in corridors where traffic flow is heavily imbalanced for a short period of time, and there are few other solution options. How Will This Help? . Reduce congestion by temporarily “borrowing” capacity from the other direction. Increase safety in work zones. Postpone the need to add capacity through conventional lane additions. Implementation Issues Success Story Proper communication and public participation are crucial to Arlington, Texas, installed reversible ensuring the strategy’s success. Local agencies should identify lanes to mediate congestion around two the best locations for implementation and ensure the public and professional sports stadiums agencies understand the concept and operation. The endpoint . FM 157/Collins Street treatment requires particular care and attention—common . -
What Are the Advantages of Roundabouts?
What is a roundabout? A roundabout is an intersection where traffic travels around a Circulatory central island in a counter- Truck Apron Roadway clockwise direction. Vehicles entering or exiting the roundabout must yield to vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Figure 1 presents the elements of a roundabout. Yield Line Splitter Island Figure 1: Elements of a Roundabout What are the advantages of roundabouts? • Less Traffic Conflict: Figure 2 compares the conflict points between a conventional intersection and a modern roundabout. The lower number of conflict points translates to less potential for accidents. • Greater safety(1): Primarily achieved by slower speeds and elimination of left turns. Design elements of the roundabouts cause drivers to reduce their speeds. • Efficient traffic flow: Up to 50% increase in traffic capacity • Reduced Pollution and fuel usage: Less stops, shorter queues and no left turn storage. • Money saved: No signal equipment to install or maintain, plus savings in electricity use. • Community benefits: Traffic calming and enhanced aesthetics by landscaping. (1) Statistics published by the U.S. Dept. of transportation, Federal Highway Administration shows roundabouts to have the following advantages over conventional intersections: • 90% reduction in fatalities • 76% reduction in injuries • 35% reduction in pedestrian accidents. Signalized Intersection Roundabout Figure 2: Conflict Point Comparison How to Use a Roundabout Driving a car • Slow down as you approach the intersection. • Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists crossing the roadway. • Watch for signs and pavement markings. • Enter the roundabout if gap in traffic is sufficient. • Drive in a counter-clockwise direction around the roundabout until you reach your exit. Do not stop or pass other vehicles. -
Indiana Drivers Manual: Ch. 7
CHAPTER 7 | Safe Vehicle Operation CHAPTER SEVEN | SAFE VEHICLE OPERATION Even the most experienced drivers can be distracted while driving. A defensive driver looks out for the actions of other drivers and anticipates potential problems. LANE MARKINGS Lane markings separate traffic and alert drivers when it is permissible to pass other vehicles. Yellow Lane Markings Yellow lane markings separate multiple lanes of traffic going in opposite directions. You may cross a broken yellow line to pass another vehicle when it is safe, but you should not cross a solid yellow line except to turn. Two-lane road with a solid yellow line Two-lane road with a broken Four-lane road with a solid yellow line yellow line White Lane Markings White lane markings separate multiple lanes of traffic going in the same direction. Most roads with more than two lanes have broken white lines to separate the lanes. You may cross a broken white line when it is safe to change lanes, but you should not cross a solid white line. Three lanes of traffic with broken white lines CHANGING LANES AND PASSING OTHER VEHICLES Change only one lane at a time. When changing lanes to prepare for a turn, you must signal your intention to do so at least 200 feet prior to changing lanes or turning. Your signal distance must be at least 300 feet before the turn if you are operating a vehicle in a speed zone of at least 50 miles per hour. Do not weave in and out of lanes, which will greatly increase your risk of an accident.