Chapter 79: County Trunk Highway Access Control
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A Behavior-Based Framework for Assessing Barrier Effects to Wildlife from Vehicle Traffic Volume 1 Sandra L
CONCEPTS & THEORY A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume 1 Sandra L. Jacobson,1,† Leslie L. Bliss-Ketchum,2 Catherine E. de Rivera,2 and Winston P. Smith3,4 1 1USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California 95618 USA 1 2Department of Environmental Science & Management, School of the Environment, 1 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 USA 1 3USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon 97850 USA 1 Citation: Jacobson, S. L., L. L. Bliss-Ketchum, C. E. de Rivera, and W. P. Smith. 2016. A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume. Ecosphere 7(4):e01345. 10.1002/ecs2.1345 Abstract. Roads, while central to the function of human society, create barriers to animal movement through collisions and habitat fragmentation. Barriers to animal movement affect the evolution and tra- jectory of populations. Investigators have attempted to use traffic volume, the number of vehicles passing a point on a road segment, to predict effects to wildlife populations approximately linearly and along taxonomic lines; however, taxonomic groupings cannot provide sound predictions because closely related species often respond differently. We assess the role of wildlife behavioral responses to traffic volume as a tool to predict barrier effects from vehicle-caused mortality and avoidance, to provide an early warning system that recognizes traffic volume as a trigger for mitigation, and to better interpret roadkill data. We propose four categories of behavioral response based on the perceived danger to traffic: Nonresponders, Pausers, Speeders, and Avoiders. -
Module 6. Hov Treatments
Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Module 6. TABLE OF CONTENTS MODULE 6. HOV TREATMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 6-5 TREATMENTS ..................................................... 6-6 MODULE OBJECTIVES ............................................. 6-6 MODULE SCOPE ................................................... 6-7 6.2 DESIGN PROCESS .......................................... 6-7 IDENTIFY PROBLEMS/NEEDS ....................................... 6-7 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTNERS .................................... 6-8 CONSENSUS BUILDING ........................................... 6-10 ESTABLISH GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................... 6-10 ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE CRITERIA / MOES ....................... 6-10 DEFINE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................. 6-11 IDENTIFY AND SCREEN TECHNOLOGY ............................. 6-11 System Planning ................................................. 6-13 IMPLEMENTATION ............................................... 6-15 EVALUATION .................................................... 6-16 6.3 TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES .................. 6-18 HOV FACILITIES ................................................. 6-18 Operational Considerations ......................................... 6-18 HOV Roadway Operations ...................................... 6-20 Operating Efficiency .......................................... 6-20 Considerations for 2+ Versus 3+ Occupancy Requirement ............. 6-20 Hours of Operations .......................................... -
City Maintained Street Inventory
City Maintained Streets Inventory DATE APPROX. AVG. STREET NAME ACCEPTED BEGINNING AT ENDING AT LENGTH WIDTH ACADEMYText0: ST Text6: HENDERSONVLText8: RD BROOKSHIREText10: ST T0.13 Tex20 ACADEMYText0: ST EXT Text6: FERNText8: ST MARIETTAText10: ST T0.06 Tex17 ACTONText0: WOODS RD Text6:9/1/1994 ACTONText8: CIRCLE DEADText10: END T0.24 Tex19 ADAMSText0: HILL RD Text6: BINGHAMText8: RD LOUISANAText10: AVE T0.17 Tex18 ADAMSText0: ST Text6: BARTLETText8: ST CHOCTAWText10: ST T0.16 Tex27 ADAMSWOODText0: RD Text6: CARIBOUText8: RD ENDText10: OF PAVEMENT T0.16 Tex26 AIKENText0: ALLEY Text6: TACOMAText8: CIR WESTOVERText10: ALLEY T0.05 Tex12 ALABAMAText0: AVE Text6: HANOVERText8: ST SWANNANOAText10: AVE T0.33 Tex24 ALBEMARLEText0: PL Text6: BAIRDText8: ST ENDText10: MAINT T0.09 Tex18 ALBEMARLEText0: RD Text6: BAIRDText8: ST ORCHARDText10: RD T0.2 Tex20 ALCLAREText0: CT Text6: ENDText8: C&G ENDText10: PVMT T0.06 Tex22 ALCLAREText0: DR Text6: CHANGEText8: IN WIDTH ENDText10: C&G T0.17 Tex18 ALCLAREText0: DR Text6: SAREVAText8: AVE CHANGEText10: IN WIDTH T0.18 Tex26 ALEXANDERText0: DR Text6: ARDIMONText8: PK WINDSWEPTText10: DR T0.37 Tex24 ALEXANDERText0: DR Text6: MARTINText8: LUTHER KING WEAVERText10: ST T0.02 Tex33 ALEXANDERText0: DR Text6: CURVEText8: ST ARDMIONText10: PK T0.42 Tex24 ALLENText0: AVE 0Text6:/18/1988 U.S.Text8: 25 ENDText10: PAV'T T0.23 Tex19 ALLENText0: ST Text6: STATEText8: ST HAYWOODText10: RD T0.19 Tex23 ALLESARNText0: RD Text6: ELKWOODText8: AVE ENDText10: PVMT T0.11 Tex22 ALLIANCEText0: CT 4Text6:/14/2009 RIDGEFIELDText8: -
American Title a Sociation ~ ~
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION AMERICAN TITLE A SOCIATION ~ ~ VOUJME XXXVI JUNE, 1957 NUMBER 6 TITLE NEWS Official Publication of THE AMERICAN TITLE ASSOCIATION 3608 Guardian Building-Detroit 26, Michigan Volume XXXVI June, 1957 Number 6 Table of Contents Introduction-The Federal Highway Program ......... ... ................ .. .................... 2 J. E. Sheridan Highway Laws Relating to Controlled Access Roads ..... .. ....... ........... 6 Norman A. Erbe Title Companies and the Expanded Right of Way Problems ...... ............. .. 39 , Daniel W. Rosencrans Arthur A. Anderson Samuel J. Some William A . Thuma INTRODUCTION The Federal Highway Program J. E. SHERIDAN We are extremely grateful to Nor veloped its planning sufficiently to man A. Erbe, Attorney General of the show to the satisfaction of the dis State of Iowa, for permission to re trict engineer the effect of the pro print his splendid brief embracing posed construction upon adjace.nt the highway laws of various states property, the treatment of access con relating to the control in access roads. trol in the area of Federal acquisi Mr. Erbe originally presented this m tion, and that appropriate arrange narrative form before the convention ments have been made for mainte of the Iowa Title Association in May nance and supervision over the land of this year. As is readily ascertain to be acquired and held in the name able, this is the result of a compre of the United States pending transfer hensive study of various laws touch· of title and jurisdiction to the State ing on the incidents of highway regu or the proper subdivision thereof." lations. Additionally, we are privi It is suggested that our members leged to carry the panel discussion bring this quoted portion to the at of the American Right of Way Asso tention of officers of the Highway ciation Convention held in Chicago, Department and the office of its legal May 16 and 17, dealing with "Title division, plus the Office of the Attor Companies and the Expanded Right ney General within the members' ju of Way Problems". -
Boulevards and Parkways Seattle Open Space 2100 Boulevards + Parkways Diego Velasco
Boulevards and Parkways Seattle Open Space 2100 Boulevards + Parkways Diego Velasco Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn in 1890 - Jacobs, Macdonald, Rofe, The Boulevard Book, 2002 Photo Jacobs, Macdonald, Rofe, The Boulevard Book, 2002 A multiway boulevard is a “ mixed-use public way that is by its very nature complex” Alan Jacobs, 2002 A boulevard or parkway is a wide urban street with tree-lined sidewalks and often multiple lanes of both fast and slow moving traffic. Boulevards are usually pleasant and grand promenades, flanked by rich, monumental architecture and supporting a variety of street uses. They are often “monumental links between important destina- tions.” 1 More importantly, boulevards can be open space systems that serve multiple functions at once: movement of traffic, provision of green space in the city, relief of congestion in overcrowded areas, accommodation of pedestrians and bicycles, and the nurturing of vital street life and activity in the city. Boulevards date back to the 16th century, when medieval towns abandoned their fortified walls and converted them to tree-lined walkways for public recreation. Cities like Amsterdam and Strasbourg were among the first to develop obsolete ramparts into pleasure promenades. In 1670, Louis XIV abandoned the walls of Paris and replaced these with promenades that served as the parade grounds of aristocrats and the well-to-do. These were also known as cours or allees, such as the Cour de la Reine, which extended alongside the palatial gardens of the Tuileries.1 In the mid-19th to early-20th century, boulevards came to be associated with large- scale planning efforts, such as those of Napoleon III and Baron Haussmann in Paris or City Beautiful movements in the United States. -
Shared Streets and Alleyways – White Paper
City of Ashland, Ashland Transportation System Plan Shared Streets and Alleyways – White Paper To: Jim Olson, City of Ashland Cc: Project Management Team From: Adrian Witte and Drew Meisel, Alta Planning + Design Date: February 2, 2011 Re: Task 7.1.O White Paper: “Shared Streets and Alleyways” - DRAFT Direction to the Planning Commission and Transportation Commission Five sets of white papers are being produced to present information on tools, opportunities, and potential strategies that could help Ashland become a nationwide leader as a green transportation community. Each white paper will present general information regarding a topic and then provide ideas on where and how that tool, strategy, and/or policy could be used within Ashland. You will have the opportunity to review the content of each white paper and share your thoughts, concerns, questions, and ideas in a joint Planning Commission/Transportation Commission meeting. Based on discussions at the meeting, the material in the white paper will be: 1) Revised and incorporated into the alternatives analysis for the draft TSP; or 2) Eliminated from consideration and excluded from the alternatives analysis. The overall intent of the white paper series is to explore opportunities and discuss the many possibilities for Ashland. Shared Streets Introduction Shared Streets aim to provide a better balance of the needs of all road users to improve safety, comfort, and livability. They are similar to European concepts such as the Dutch based ‘Woonerf’ and the United Kingdom’s ‘Home Zone’, with some distinct differences. This balance is accomplished through integration rather than segregation of users. By eschewing many of the traditional roadway treatments such as curbs, signs, and pavement markings, the distinction between modes is blurred. -
Reversible Traffic Lanes
Traffic Management System Efficiency Reversible Traffic Lanes REVERSIBLE TRAFFIC LANES Description Reversible traffic lanes add capacity to a road and decrease congestion by borrowing capacity from the other (off- peak) direction. Reversing lanes reduces congestion during morning and evening commutes, when there is an incident blocking a lane of traffic, or when construction or maintenance is being done on the road. Roads can be adjusted to become a one- way street or have one middle lane operate in the peak direction. These adjustments, indicated by changeable message signs and/or Cost: arrows, occur at specified times of the day or when volume Time: Short exceeds certain limits. Impact: Corridor Target Market Who: City/State . Congested work zone areas or during incidents Hurdles: Public Awareness/ . Roads with highly directional congestion Operation . Bridges, tunnels, and toll booth areas difficult to widen . Surrounding or leading to/from special event centers Reversible lanes work well in corridors where traffic flow is heavily imbalanced for a short period of time, and there are few other solution options. How Will This Help? . Reduce congestion by temporarily “borrowing” capacity from the other direction. Increase safety in work zones. Postpone the need to add capacity through conventional lane additions. Implementation Issues Success Story Proper communication and public participation are crucial to Arlington, Texas, installed reversible ensuring the strategy’s success. Local agencies should identify lanes to mediate congestion around two the best locations for implementation and ensure the public and professional sports stadiums agencies understand the concept and operation. The endpoint . FM 157/Collins Street treatment requires particular care and attention—common . -
What Are the Advantages of Roundabouts?
What is a roundabout? A roundabout is an intersection where traffic travels around a Circulatory central island in a counter- Truck Apron Roadway clockwise direction. Vehicles entering or exiting the roundabout must yield to vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Figure 1 presents the elements of a roundabout. Yield Line Splitter Island Figure 1: Elements of a Roundabout What are the advantages of roundabouts? • Less Traffic Conflict: Figure 2 compares the conflict points between a conventional intersection and a modern roundabout. The lower number of conflict points translates to less potential for accidents. • Greater safety(1): Primarily achieved by slower speeds and elimination of left turns. Design elements of the roundabouts cause drivers to reduce their speeds. • Efficient traffic flow: Up to 50% increase in traffic capacity • Reduced Pollution and fuel usage: Less stops, shorter queues and no left turn storage. • Money saved: No signal equipment to install or maintain, plus savings in electricity use. • Community benefits: Traffic calming and enhanced aesthetics by landscaping. (1) Statistics published by the U.S. Dept. of transportation, Federal Highway Administration shows roundabouts to have the following advantages over conventional intersections: • 90% reduction in fatalities • 76% reduction in injuries • 35% reduction in pedestrian accidents. Signalized Intersection Roundabout Figure 2: Conflict Point Comparison How to Use a Roundabout Driving a car • Slow down as you approach the intersection. • Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists crossing the roadway. • Watch for signs and pavement markings. • Enter the roundabout if gap in traffic is sufficient. • Drive in a counter-clockwise direction around the roundabout until you reach your exit. Do not stop or pass other vehicles. -
Rules for Driving Roundabouts
RULES FOR DRIVING ROUNDABOUTS www.wisconsinroundabouts.gov General information for all roundabouts Steps for driving a roundabout: Roundabouts are becoming more common 1. Slow down. Obey traffic signs. in the U.S. because they provide safer and 2. Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists. more efficient traffic flow than standard 3. Yield to traffic on your left intersections. By keeping traffic moving one-way already in the roundabout. in a counterclockwise direction, there are fewer 4. Enter the roundabout when conflict points and traffic flows smoothly. there is a safe gap in traffic. Crash statistics show that roundabouts 5. Keep your speed low reduce fatal crashes about 90%, reduce within the roundabout. injury crashes about 75%, and reduce overall 6. As you approach your exit, crashes about 35%, when compared Draft 5 February 2, 2009 turn on your right turn signal. to other types of intersection control. 7. Yield to pedestrians and When driving a roundabout, the same bicycles as you exit. general rules apply as for maneuvering Emergency vehicles in the roundabout through any other type of intersection. P Always yield to emergency vehicles. Truck apron P If you have not entered the roundabout, pull Large vehicles need more space when driving over and allow emergency vehicles to pass. in a roundabout. A truck apron is a paved area P If you have entered the roundabout, on the inside of the roundabout for the rear wheels continue to your exit, then pull over of large trucks to use when turning, sometimes and allow emergency vehicles to pass. referred to as off-tracking. -
Highway and Traffic Engineering in Developing Countries
Road location in rugged terrain in Afghanistan. (United Nations) Related books from E & FN Spon Cement-Treated Pavements Materials, Design and Construction R.I.T.Williams Concrete Pavements Edited by A.F.Stock Construction Materials Their Nature and Behaviour Edited by J.M.Illston Construction Methods and Planning J.R.Illingworth Deforestation Environmental and Social Impacts Edited by J.Thornes Dynamics of Pavement Structures G.Martincek Earth Pressure and Earth-Retaining Structures C.R.I.Clayton, J.Milititsky and R.I.Woods Engineering Treatment of Soils F.G.Bell Environmental Planning for Site Development A.R.Beer Ferrocement Edited by P.Nedwell and R.N.Swamy Geology for Civil Engineers A.C.McLean and C.D.Gribble Ground Improvement Edited by M.P.Moseley Handbook of Segmental Paving A.A.Lilley Highway Meteorology Edited by A.H.Perry and L.J.Symons Highways An Architectural Approach L.Abbey Passenger Transport after 2000 AD Edited by G.B.R.Fielden, A.H.Wickens and I.R.Yates Rock Slope Engineering E.Hoek and J.W.Bray Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control A Bioengineering Approach Edited by R.P.C.Morgan and R.J.Rickson Soil Mechanics R.F.Craig Soil Survey and Land Evaluation D.Dent and A.Young The Stability of Slopes E.N.Bromhead Transport Planning in the UK, USA and Europe D.Banister Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development Edited by D.Banister and K.Button For details of these and other titles, contact the Promotions Department, E & FN Spon, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK. -
Street Names - in Alphabetical Order
Street Names - In Alphabetical Order District / MC-ID NO. Street Name Location County Area Aalto Place Sumter - Unit 692 (Villa San Antonio) 1 Sumter County Abaco Path Sumter - Unit 197 9 Sumter County Abana Path Sumter - Unit 206 9 Sumter County Abasco Court Sumter - Unit 821 (Mangrove Villas) 8 Sumter County Abbeville Loop Sumter - Unit 80 5 Sumter County Abbey Way Sumter - Unit 164 8 Sumter County Abdella Way Sumter - Unit 180 9 Sumter County Abdella Way Sumter - Unit 181 9 Sumter County Abel Place Sumter - Unit 195 10 Sumter County Aber Lane Sumter - Unit 967 (Ventura Villas) 10 Sumter County SE 84TH Abercorn Court Marion - Unit 45 4 Marion County Abercrombie Way Sumter - Unit 98 5 Sumter County Aberdeen Run Sumter - Unit 139 7 Sumter County Abernethy Place Sumter - Unit 99 5 Sumter County Abner Street Sumter - Unit 130 6 Sumter County Abney Avenue VOF - Unit 8 12 Sumter County Abordale Lane Sumter - Unit 158 8 Sumter County Acorn Court Sumter - Unit 146 7 Sumter County Acosta Court Sumter - Unit 601 (Villa De Leon) 2 Sumter County Adair Lane Sumter - Unit 818 (Jacaranda Villas) 8 Sumter County Adams Lane Sumter - Unit 105 6 Sumter County Adamsville Avenue VOF - Unit 13 12 Sumter County Addison Avenue Sumter - Unit 37 3 Sumter County Adeline Way Sumter - Unit 713 (Hillcrest Villas) 7 Sumter County Adelphi Avenue Sumter - Unit 151 8 Sumter County Adler Court Sumter - Unit 134 7 Sumter County Adriana Way Sumter - Unit 711 (Adriana Villas) 7 Sumter County Adrienne Way Sumter - Unit 176 9 Sumter County Adrienne Way Sumter - Unit 949 (Megan -
Yeager Road Roundabout Safety Benefits Signs Specific to Double-Lane Roundabouts
YEAGER ROAD AND NORTHWESTERN AVENUE ROUNDABOUT Approximate Opening Date: Early to Mid August HOW TO DRIVE THE YEAGER ROAD AND NORTHWESTERN AVENUE ROUNDABOUT » As you approach the roundabout, slow your vehicle to the posted advisory speed. » Use lane choice signs and arrows on the pavement to choose the appropriate lane before entering the roundabout. » Yield to any pedestrians in crosswalks » Yield to traffic circulating in the roundabout. Do not stop unless it is necessary. » Once inside the roundabout, circulate counterclockwise around the central island to your desired exit. Do not change lanes within the roundabout. N N N NORTHWESTERN AVENUE NORTHWESTERN AVENUE NORTHWESTERN AVENUE YEAGER ROAD YEAGER ROAD YEAGER ROAD ROUNDABOUT SAFETY BENEFITS SIGNS SPECIFIC TO DOUBLE-LANE ROUNDABOUTS » Reduction of traffic speeds (15 to 25 mph) » Drastic reductions in crash rates when compared to a traditional intersection: - Up to 90% reduction in fatalities - 76% reduction in crashes resulting in injury - 30 to 40% reduction in crashes involving pedestrians » Reduction in conflict points (point at which two opposing vehicle paths cross, and thus a potential for a collision exists) YEAGER RD 15 MPH Roundabout Ahead: This sign is posted in advance of the roundabout to alert drivers that they are approaching a roundabout. Underneath the roundabout ahead sign, as shown here, two optional signs may be used. One is the cross-street sign, which tells the motorist the name of the intersecting street in advance of the intersection. The other is an advisory speed. Conflict Point Comparison OTHER BENEFITS OF ROUNDABOUTS » Efficiency: Because traffic flow is smooth at a roundabout, the total Chevron (black arrows on white background) and One- number of vehicles that must stop is drastically .