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Bishop Auckland Conservation Area Character Appraisal

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Bishop Auckland Conservation Area Character Appraisal Heritage, Landscape and Design Bishop Auckland Approved September 2014 This page left blank Bishop Auckland 3 Heritage, Landscape and Design BISHOP AUCKLAND September 2014 Conservation Area Boundary ...................................................................... 6 Summary of Special Interest ....................................................................... 7 Public Consultation ..................................................................................... 9 Planning Legislation ................................................................................... 9 Conservation Area Character Appraisals ................................................... 10 Location and Setting ................................................................................ 10 Location................................................................................................. 10 Setting .................................................................................................... 11 Form and Layout ...................................................................................... 12 Historical Summary ................................................................................... 13 Bishop Auckland in Roman and Early Medieval Times ......................... 14 Medieval Development ....................................................................... 14 Post-Medieval Development ............................................................... 16 19th Century and the Industrial Revolution .......................................... 18 20th and 21st Centuries ....................................................................... 20 Form and Layout ...................................................................................... 22 Character Areas ........................................................................................ 23 Character Area 1: Town Centre ................................................................. 24 Architectural Character ....................................................................... 24 Archaeological Interest ....................................................................... 26 Building Materials ............................................................................... 30 Boundaries and Means of Enclosure ..................................................... 33 Heritage, Landscape and Design Open Spaces and Trees ....................................................................... 34 Durham County Council Activity ................................................................................................ 34 Public Realm ....................................................................................... 34 Summary ................................................................................................35 Key Features & Special Characteristics .................................................35 Key Negative Elements ........................................................................35 Designated 1969 Key Issues ........................................................................................... 36 Enhancement Potential ....................................................................... 36 Extended 1990, 1993 Character Area 2: Auckland Castle & Park .................................................. 37 Extended 2014 Appraisal September 2014 4 Bishop Auckland Overview ............................................................................................. 37 Enhancement Potential ...................................................................... 64 Built Form ............................................................................................ 39 Important Buildings ............................................................................... 64 Materials ............................................................................................. 42 Register of Parks and Gardens ................................................................ 67 Landscape ........................................................................................... 43 Open Spaces and Trees .......................................................................... 67 Biodiversity Interest ............................................................................. 43 Views ....................................................................................................... 68 Archaeological Interest ........................................................................ 44 General Condition .................................................................................... 69 Summary ............................................................................................... 44 Future Challenges .................................................................................... 69 Key Features & Special Characteristics ................................................ 44 Management Proposals ............................................................................ 70 Key Issues ............................................................................................ 45 Proposed Boundary Changes .................................................................... 76 Enhancement Potential ....................................................................... 46 Contacts and References ........................................................................... 79 Character Area 3: Etherley Lane ................................................................ 46 Appendix 1 - Listed Buildings .....................................................................80 Architectural Character ....................................................................... 46 Appendix 2 - Notable Unlisted Buildings .................................................. 125 Important Buildings ............................................................................. 49 Appendix 3 - Significance Assessment ..................................................... 130 Building Materials ................................................................................ 50 Appendix 4 - Current Designations .......................................................... 131 Boundaries and Means of Enclosure .................................................... 51 Open Spaces and Trees ....................................................................... 51 Appendix 5 - Key Views ........................................................................... 132 Activity ................................................................................................ 52 ................................................................................................................ 132 Public Realm ........................................................................................ 52 Summary ............................................................................................... 52 Key Features & Special Characteristics ................................................ 52 Key Negative Elements ....................................................................... 52 Key Issues ............................................................................................ 54 Enhancement Potential ....................................................................... 54 Character Area 4: King James I School Precinct ......................................... 54 Overview ............................................................................................. 54 Built Form ............................................................................................ 56 Materials ............................................................................................. 59 Landscape ........................................................................................... 62 Archaeological Interest ........................................................................ 62 Summary ............................................................................................... 62 Key Features & Special Characteristics ................................................ 62 Key Negative Elements ....................................................................... 63 Key Issues ............................................................................................ 63 5 Heritage, Landscape and Design Conservation Area Boundary 6 Bishop Auckland Summary of Special Interest Variety of styles and materials in the conservation area: from Georgian to flamboyant Victorian Gothic Revival; 2 no. Scheduled Monuments located within the Conservation Area; and pale cream ashlar and carved sandstone to rendered masonry, red brick and terracotta detailing; 8 no. Grade I, 2 no. Grade II* and 65 no. grade II listed Historical associations with early Bishop Auckland and buildings within the conservation area; the ongoing development of the town; e.g. industrial Historical form and associations with the Roman Road – use of mill workings and agricultural use of the area; Dere Street and Binchester Fort (Vinovium); Historical development associated with the industrial Market Place is the heart of the conservation area and boom period of Bishop Auckland in the construction of commercial hub of the largest town within the county, railway and transport infrastructure for coal transport the town has developed from the medieval Market and passengers, new mansion and terrace housing to Place; meet the demand of an expanding population, Historical development
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