GFRC) Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP

stromberg Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) Architectural products Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)

Glossary of Architectural Terms

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Abacus Abrasive Hardness The abacus is the top part of a column capital. Abacus A measure of the wearing qualities of marble, granite, may be a square slab or a molded shape. In GFRC (glass GFRC, architectural fiberglass or other materials. Mostly fiber reinforced concrete) or Architectural Fiberglass applies when those materials are used for floors, stair column capitals, the abacus may be cast as part of the treads, and other areas subjected to abrasion by foot capital or as a separate piece. Latin: “abacus” = table, traffic. Refer to ASTM C241. tablet. Found in classical Greek and Roman architecture Abut and derivatives, including Beaux Arts Classicism, To touch, or join at its end; as in a beam where the end Classical Revival, Federal, Georgian Revival, Greek is planted against another member of a structure, but Revival, Neoclassicism, Renaissance Revival, Second without trim around it; or where a GFRC arch bears Empire, Gothic and Gothic Revival. Abacus may be upon a pier, course of stone, skew back, or the like. cast stone, FRP (Architectural Fiberglass,) GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete,) GRG (glass fiber reinforced Acanthus gypsum,) plaster, bronze, granite or marble. A can thus. Acanthus leaves are the stylized leaves of the acanthus plant, used in decoration on column capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders. Because of the deep undercuts, special rubber molds are used when casting them in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete,) architectural fiberglass, GFRG or Cast Stone.

Abacus of a Roman Ionic Column Capital cast in GFRC

Abated In stone cutting, hammered metal work, and the like, cut away or beaten down, lowered in any way, as the background of a piece of ornament or a bas relief panel, so as to show a pattern or figure in relief. Abated work may be cast stone, FRP (architectural fiberglass,) GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete,) GRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum,) plaster, bronze, granite or marble.

Abrasive Finish A flat and grainy surface texture. In cast stone, GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) or architectural precast concrete this is accomplished by acid washing or sand blasting. In GFRP (architectural fiberglass) or GFRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum,) plaster or bronze, this is accomplished either in the mold, or with sandblasting. With granite or marble this is accomplished with sandblasting. Drawing of an Acanthus Leaf

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Corinthian column capital in architectural fiberglass (GFRP) featuring stylized Acanthus leaves.

Accolade in architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Acorn Accouplement An ornament in the shape of an acorn sometimes used The placing of two columns or pilasters very close as a pendant or decorative element. In GFRC (glass fiber together. This pairing is common and is most effective reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) when several pairs of columns are used in series to form acorn finials are generally cast with a dowel or threaded a colonnade. insert for attaching them to the substrate.

Acoustics Acoustics is the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception, and the effects of sound. The term refers to the natural laws governing sound and the design of structures to utilize sound in the best way. These laws are similar in many ways to those for the reflection and refraction of light. Architectural acoustics with interior GFRC or GFRG Italian Ionic GFRC columns panels is primarily applicable to the design of opera used in accouplement houses, concert halls, churches and other religious Accolade meeting spaces, convention centers, hotels and similar An ornamental treatment of the archivolt or hood facilities. GFRC and GRG panels can be curved and molding of an arch or of the moldings of an apparent shaped to reflect sound in the desired direction. Both arch, or of a form resembling an arch, as in late Gothic GFRC and GRG can be textured in various degrees to work. reflect, diffuse and absorb sound as may be required. The weight per square foot of GFRC and GFRG can be varied depending on the desires of the acoustical consultant. For a good example of acoustic panels see the Ave Maria page.

External links for more information: Acoustical Society of America http://asa.aip.org/ American Institute of Architects http://www.aia.org/ Accolade in architectural fiberglass (GFRP) (continued on next page)

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National Council of Acoustical Consultants http://www.ncac.com/

Acroterion or Acroterium From the Greek word “acroterion” - the summit or extremity. An ornamented pedestal at the corner or peak of a roof. Acroterion may be a palmate, a statue or a pedestal. GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete, may be used for new acroterion, or GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete, may be used as replacement for stone or terra-cotta acroterion. Attachment in GFRC or GFRP (architectural fiberglass) is through metal straps that attach to the roof.

Adam Style Fireplace Mantel in GFRC

Aggregate A granular, inert material, such as sand, crushed limestone, marble, etc. which is mixed with Portland cement, glass fibers, and polymers to create GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete. The type of aggregate used helps determine the color, texture and durability of the GFRC. In architectural fiberglass (GFRP) aggregate may be used for a stone like surface gel coat.

Acroterion by Stromberg

Adam Style A style which developed in the late 18th century, from the work of Robert Adam and his brothers. Adam was born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh. Robert Adam was the architect to the king, until 1768, when he was succeeded by his brother James. The Adam style strongly influenced the American colonies and is the basis of the Federal style. The Adam style is noted for its elegance and lightness, subtle detailing and unified schemes of interior design, including fan ornaments, festoons, wreaths, urns, ribbons, and classical elements. Both GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic or architectural fiberglass) is uniquely suited to Close up of acid etched GFRC showing the grains of fine aggregate the replication of Adam style ornamentation. Adam in the cement matrix. style GFRC, columns, capitals, fireplace mantles, balustrade, ceilings, garden urns and planters, etc.

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American Institute of Architects (AIA) Anchors for GFRC can be designed to anchor the An organization founded in 1857 for the purpose of individual element or to attach the GFRC to a light promoting the professionalism and accountability of its gauge metal frame which is in turn anchored to the members, and a devotion to design excellence. AIA, wall. 1735 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006. American Institute of Architects http://www.aia.org/

American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) Founded in 1899, is the professional organization of landscape architects in America. ASLA 4401 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008

American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) Establishes test standards for materials and products in the United States, including those used in building construction. ASTM 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia PA 19103

Anchor Screw anchor attachment of GFRC cornice A fastener used to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) or GFRP (architectural fiberglass) to a structure. Anchor types for GFRC include dowels, weld plates, straps, dovetails, threaded inserts, screws and Z clips. When metal frames are used with GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete, flex anchors are bent metal rods, used to connect the GFRC face, to a metal frame. The flex anchors, which are typically stainless steel or galvanized steel, allow for variations in thermal expansion and contraction, between the GFRC and the steel frame. The anchor must carry gravity loads, wind loads, seismic loads, etc and transfer them from the GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to the structure. Cast in anchor straps for GFRC panels GFRC anchors • Some types of GFRC and cast stone anchors are illustrated below:

Stone type anchors for Flex anchors on metal stud frame for GFRC panels and cornice GFRC veneer

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View of a GFRC cornice showing the use of galvanized metal Angle Capital stud framing and stainless steel flex anchors. With Ionic capitals, a special angle capital is sometimes used for the column on the outside corners. The four volutes project equally on a diagonal toward the corner. With GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete, angle capitals are not always available in standard molds, and if desired must be special ordered.

Angular Pediment Also known as a triangular pediment. The pediment having slanting sides and a horizontal cornice. In GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) large angular pediments are cast in segments. Small angular pediments may be made as one-piece GFRC units.

Anchors for architectural fiberglass are similar to GFRC anchors. Anchors for architectural fiberglass include cast in straps, screws, threaded inserts, light gauge metal frames and tube steel frames, stainless steel dowels, wedge anchors and bolts. Angular Pediment in Ancon GFRC by Stromberg From the Greek: “ancone” - elbow or hollow. A Examples of Angular decorative or scroll bracket that supports a cornice or entablature over a mantle, door or window. Both architectural fiberglass (GFRP) and GFRC, glass fiber reinforced concrete, ancons, are lighter and easier to install than traditional carved stone or terra- cotta.

Ancon (a console or scroll shaped Pediments at Caesars, Las Vegas bracket Angular Pediment in GFRC by Stromberg Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Antebellum - Apse Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 6

Antefix A decorated upright ornament at the eaves or at the peak of a triangular gable.

Anthemion A commonly used Greek decoration shaped like a palm leaf. They are used singly or as a running ornament. Also referred to as honeysuckle ornament. Found on moldings, cornices, Antebellum pediments and bands. Also found on the necking of some Ionic Antebellum architecture refers to structures that existed capitals. before the United States Civil War. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and Architectural Fiberglass by Stromberg have been used in the restoration of several antebellum structures.

Anthemion design on a raking cornice.

Appliqué An ornamented work applied to a structure. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and Architectural Fiberglass (GFRP) appliqués may be attached by dowels and epoxy or by specialty clip hangers.

Apse A nearly semicircular part of a building, Example of Antebellum style of column and the interior forming a entablature, cast in GFRC for Antebellum architecture. large niche.

Antebellum style columns and trim for the University of Virginia. Apse in GFRG

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Aquarium A tank or vessel for filled with water for keeping live fish or other water dwelling creatures.

Stromberg architectural fiberglass and Arbor / Pergola at Atlantis Bahamas Custom columns. Beams are GFRS aquarium cast in wood timber texture in architectural fiberglass. This arbor backs at Atlantis / pergola has stood up to the tropical sun and 2 hurricanes.

Arbor Areostyle An open structure of supports and beams, usually Term in classical column architecture for having supporting vines or flowers. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced columns separated by a clear space of four or more concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) arbors column diameters. See Intercolumniation. offer the advantage of being relatively light, weather resistant, and durable. The word arbor comes from the Arcade French herbere, which originally meant a place to grow Two or more arches, herbs. An arbor defines a space and has an open-work usually a entire series roof for shade or capable of being used for supporting of arches, with their plants. Arbors are of three main varieties: The true columns, imposts, piers, arbor, the pergola (a colonnade with a flat roof) and the pilasters or the like taken gallery (a tunnel like arbor with an arched roof). together and considered a single architectural feature.

Historic Example of Intersecting Arcade

Arch The shape that spans an opening, usually curved. If it is made wedge-shaped blocks, these blocks are called voussiors. There are all types of arches, from those with little or no curve to pointed arches. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) may be used in arch cladding, wrapping a structural member, to provide the appearance of the arch. Occasionally, the GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) actually functions as an arch to support the Tuscan columned Arbor / Pergola GFRC above it.

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Architectural Terra-cotta A glazed burnt Clay architectural unit. Terra-cotta was used as a facing on buildings in America mostly from around 1860 until the 1930s. In historic restorations, because of difficulties in replacing terra-cotta, color matching and durability issues, GFRC (glass fiber and first concrete) is often used as the terra-cotta replacement. Stromberg produces a special glazed GFRC which closely resembles glazed terra-cotta. Custom color matching is available, and new GFRC can be created with molds taken from existing terra-cotta, or from historic drawings and photographs if the terra- Arch at the Mansion residences, Dallas. cotta no longer exists. When properly preformed, GFRC or FRP replacements of terra-cotta should be virtually Types of Arches indistinguishable from the original material. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) offers great benefits in replacing glazed architectural terra-cotta.

Benefits of GFRC: Anchoring provisions are included in the GFRC casting. Color compatible. Non combustible material, GFRC will not burn. Cast arches by Stromberg in Light weight. architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Durable and long lasting Suitable for seismic zones. Fast production times.

Arch cast in Stromberg architectural fiberglass

Arched Dormer Top: Architectural terra-cotta A dormer with an arched roof. Often found in the railing replaced with GFRC. Beaux Arts Style, French Style or Second Empire Style, etc GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) dormers may be one-piece units, or the dormer face only.

Architectural Style A way of classifying buildings that share common Right: New Corinthian attributes. Architectural styles are often related to a column capital as a terra- particular period of time, country of origin or region. cotta replacement.

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Architrave Art Deco An ornamental molding or band above or around a A decorative style characterized by angular, ribbon, door or window opening. In the classical orders, the zigzag or other geometric ornamentation in low relief architrave was the lowest member of the entablature or on buildings facades. Became popular in American beam that spans from column to column. GFRC (glass architecture in the 1930’s. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Art Deco fiberglass) architraves are typically U shaped beam elements include moldings, columns, domes, fireplaces, wraps. windows surrounds, entryways, medallions, finials,

GFRC Architrave ceilings and others. Art Deco is sometimes referred to as “Style Moderne”.

Archivolt The inner most part of the arch.

Arch Stone A wedge-shaped GFRC, Architectural Fiberglass, or masonry unit in an arch. Sometimes called a voussoir. Column element in the art deco style (Hollywood Casino) Arch stone or voussoir in GFRC

Art deco medallion / ceiling in architectural fiberglass by Stromberg.

Carved voussoirs or arch stones. Cast by Stromberg in a custom color and texture architectural fiberglass.

Arris The external angle Art Deco slab edge intersection between molding two flat or curved faces, as between two flutes of a column, or the flat raised area between the columns concave flutes.

Arris on an architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Corinthian Bas relief architectural column fiberglass panels

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Art Nouveau A style of architectural and applied art characterized by organic forms, curving designs and dynamic shapes. Similar in many ways to the foliage motifs used by the American architect Louis Sullivan. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Art Nouveau elements include statuary, moldings, medallions, fireplace surrounds and fireplace mantels, planters, bas relief, door and window surrounds, panels, domes and ceilings.

Ashlar Is the term for rectilinear, squared-off blocks of stone used in building. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) are produced Ashlar panels, Stromberg GFRS (glass fiber reinforced stone) a in various aslar types. The GFRC and Architectural type of architectural fiberglass, Atlantis, Bahamas. Fiberglass ashlar may be individual blocks, but is often large panels with scored “false joints” and interlocking joints.

Panels in ashlar pattern

Astragal A half round shape, with the fillet on one or both sides. An example is the neck molding at the top of a column shaft directly below the capital.

Types of Ashlar include:

Ashlar rock-faced: A block whose face has been roughly hacked. Ashlar masonry: Smooth rectangular stones laid in horizontal courses. Coursed ashlar: Ashlar masonry built of stones having the same height within each course, but each course varying in height from the others. Random ashlar: Ashlar masonry where the stones Astragal on a GFRC column appear to be laid without a specific pattern, although capital the pattern may be repeated. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Atlantes - Balcony Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 11

Atlantes Back hearth A human figure, that Is the part of the hearth within the fireplace. For acts as a pier, column wood-burning fireplaces, GFRC (glass fiber reinforced or pilaster supporting concrete) fireplace hearths typically end with the front an entablature. Found hearth, and the back hearth is made from firebrick. in Greek architecture. Female figures are Balconet Caryatid, male figures Is a false balcony, in front of a window. GFRC (glass fiber are Atlantes. reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Balconets may include support brackets and balustrade. Balconets are typically cast with either threaded rod or a Z clip type fastener and are bolted on or clipped to the structure. Door surround / entry with a false balcony or balconet.

Balcony A platform projecting out from a building, enclosed with a railing or balustrade. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP Atlas or Atlante in GFRC (architectural fiberglass) (glass fiber reinforced Balcony components concrete) for use as a pier, column, fireplace mantel include brackets, balustrade, support or pilaster. face molding and soffit. Columns and pilasters may Atlas be incorporated into the The singular form of Atlantes. balcony design. Because it’s lightweight, GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass can give the look and feel of stone, without it adding an Attic Base excessive amount of weight to the balcony. A column base with two rings (An upper and lower torus). Attic bases are most often used with Corinthian columns, composite columns and Ionic columns. Tuscan columns have a single ring at the column base and Doric columns (if they have a base) use a single ring or torus.

Axed work A “stone type” surface which shows tool marks from a bush hammer, ax or pick. In GFRC (glass fiber reinforced Balcony concrete) axed work is produced by casting against a with GFRC custom made mold. May be used on panels, quoins balustrade, brackets or and other Architectural Fiberglass elements where a corbels, and more rustic texture is desired. balcony trim. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Balcony Railing Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 12

Balcony with curved front and balustrade balcony railings. Architectural fiberglass by Stromberg.

Balcony Railing The railing around a balcony. In GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass, it may be a balustrade or a solid railing. It Balcony at Shalimar (private residence) California is important that the building codes be followed in any

balcony railing installation. In most areas, these require a 42” height to the top of the railing and a railing that a 4” ball cannot pass through. With Architectural Fiberglass and GFRC balustrade, there are various ways of meeting these requirements. The balusters are typically attached to the structure with threaded rods. For drainage, baluster rails may be elevated above the balcony to allow water to flow under the balustrade, or scuppers can be incorporated into the base rail of the balustrade. Alternately, balusters may be used with no base rail and the water is allowed to drain off between the GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass balusters.

Balcony with cast arch and balustrade

Corinthian columns and balustrade Balcony railing for a hotel and resort. This balustrade railing was (style G29) cast in delivered and installed in full sections. The ends have clips for a white limestone attachment to the structure. This balustrade / railing meets all color and texture. the code requirements for height, spacing and strength. Water Balusters are hollow drainage for the balustrade is accomplished with the raised bottom and are attached to rail. Material is Stromberg architectural fiberglass. the structure with threaded rods. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Ball Flower - Balustrade Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 13

designed the first simple vase shaped baluster and used balustrade on several of his works. Balusters and balustrade can be found in almost all architectural styles.

Balcony Railing in a Gothic tracery rather than a balustrade

Ball Flower Balustrade with rough A round ornament found in Gothic architecture travertine texture • Cast resembling a flower. in architectural fiberglass Baluster Balustrade One of the short, vertical The complete railing system consisting of the Baluster, support members of a top rail and sometimes bottom rail. Balustrade is balustrade. Balusters typically used at the edge of a patio, porch, balcony of GFRC (glass fiber or roof. Several styles of balustrade are available in reinforced concrete) GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) as well as GFRP and GFRP (architectural (architectural fiberglass). fiberglass) offer a relatively light, durable balustrade. In areas where the balustrade protects from a fall off, such as on the balcony, code requires minimum spacing of the balusters. The word baluster (sometimes called banister or bannister) is derived from the Italian balaustra which means “pomegranate flower” from its resemblance to the flowers vase like shape. (The French balustre, in Italian balaustro, Latin balaustium, and Greek balaustion.) The baluster dates back to ancient Assyria where it was used in windows. Balusters and balustrade was used in several renaissance palaces and balconies in Venice and Verona. Architect Giuliano da Sangallo used the baluster on the terrace at the villa at Poggio a Caiano around 1480. Donato Bramante used balustrade on his famous building the Tempietto in 1502, which set the style of high renaissance architecture. Famed sculptor, Balustrade at private painter and architect Michelangelo is reported to have residence Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Band or Band Molding Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 14

Band or band molding. The horizontal molding, projecting from the surface that wraps around a building. Also known as a belt course or watertable.

Balustrade as bridge railing

Cast stone

Balustrade as parapet wall • Architectural Fiberglass (GFRP)

Balustrade at fountain • Style G29 baluster and style W10 baluster railing • Cast stone Band molding M80

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Some of the standard belt courses and band moldings. Custom Barrel Roof shapes and sizes are available in both GFRC and Architectural An arched, semi-cylindrical roof. Barrel roof in GFRC Fiberglass. (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) are generally made in segments, withstanding Banded standing seam joints and raised ribs. Masonry style were adjacent courses are of two different sizes, textures or types. For example, a brown, smooth Architectural Fiberglass, alternating with a white limestone Architectural Fiberglass.

Banded Column A column where the column shaft has drums that alternate in texture or size.

Baroque Barrel Vault The style of architecture and decoration first developed A semi-cylindrical, arched ceiling element. GFRP in 17th-century Italy. Characterized by the conspicuous (architectural fiberglass) barrel vaults may be smooth use of decoration, sculpture and decorative elements. or coffered. Elements from the later phases of the Baroque, called for Rococo are characterized by profuse ornamentation. Base Elements of the Baroque are found in the late 19th The lower part of a column, pier, pedestal or pilaster. century work of American architects McKim, Mead and Column bases may be either Attic column bases or White. Tuscan.

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Attic column base features Base for a Tuscan column double rings found on the Corinthian order.

Bas-Relief A sculpted or carved work that extends slightly from the plane of its background. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced Stromberg architectural fiberglass battlements, castle at Winstar concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) bas- reliefs, include plaques, monuments and medallions. Battered What is believed to be the largest GFRC bas-relief A term used to describe a surface that is inclined or sculpture in the world, was created by Stromberg in tilted, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, for 2006. For the reproduction of bas-relief in glass fiber example a battered wall. reinforced concrete, a model is produced in clay, wood or plaster. A mold is then made using silicone rubber Bead and a hard shell of fiberglass. Once the mold is removed A convex molding of semicircular section. from the model, the GFRC is cast. Depending on the size of the glass fiber reinforced concrete bas relief, a metal armature on the interior, generally galvanized or Beam stainless steel, may be cast in. The casting is then sand The term for a horizontal member, when used in blasted or acid washed to remove the cement film from Architectural Fiberglass or GFRP typically refers to the surface of the glass fiber reinforced concrete and to a beam cover. Architectural Fiberglass beams may obtain the desired finish. replicate stone or wood.

Battlement Originally a fortification, a parapet or wall with higher and lower parts. The higher part is the Merlon, the lower the Crenelle or Crenel. The Raised part or Merlon was often pierced by a hole to allow for firing an arrow. The design was adopted for decoration and can be found on many older garden walls and eventually became a decorative element.

Architectural fiberglass “wood beam” by Stromberg

Beaux Arts Architecture Architecture taught at and associated with, the

Battlement in Ecole des Beaux Arts. Characterized by formalism Garden wall, Venice in design, heavily rusticated arches, mansard roofs, (continued on next page) Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Beaux Arts Architecture - Bracket Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 17

Beaux Arts Architecture - continued Bell Tower Symmetrical plans, sculpted figures, banded columns, Tower like structure for supporting one or more bells. arched dormers, cartouches, cantons, floral patterns, Can contain real bells or play recorded music. ornamented keystones, quoins, engaged columns, paired columns, roof line balustrades and garlands. Belt Course American architects who graduated from the Ecole, Horizontal band around the facade of the building, also include Richard Morris Hunt, designer of the Breakers, called a band course or string course. William Ware, Charles McKim, Louis Sullivan and Julia Morgan. Facades are typically symmetrical, often Belvedere with a projecting central pavilion. GFRC (glass fiber An elevated or rooftop gazebo or pavilion from which reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) to enjoy a view. architectural elements are available in the Beaux Arts style including dentils, classical columns, enriched entablatures, pilasters, balconies, cornices, sculpted spandrels, sculpted figures, ornamental keystones, egg and dart moldings, leaf decorations, swags, wreaths, domes, fireplace surrounds and mantles, quoins, cartouches, dormers, fountains, domes, etc. Belvedere pergola GFRC and architectural Bed Molding fiberglass A molding or moldings on the cornice of an entablature, Bevel below the corona. Also known as a chamfer, bevels are sometimes incorporated in the edges of architectural GFRC (glass Belfry fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural The part of a tower or fiberglass) to minimize chipping of sharp 90° corners. steeple where bells are hung. Also called a Bollard bell tower. A short freestanding column designed to limit vehicle traffic or act as security.

The Bell Tower of “Big Ben” in architectural fiberglass by Stromberg with 120’ tall with working GFRC Bollards at the US Capital clocks. Bracket A support that carries Bell Roof or appears to carry the A roof or dome shaped in section similar to a bell. weight of the cornice, In GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP eave or balcony. In (architectural fiberglass) typically cast in pie shape GFRC (glass fiber sections, and assembled on-site. reinforced concrete) (continued on next page)

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bracket - Building Restoration Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 18

Bracket - continued Broach and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) brackets are A spire, octagonal in shape, above a square tower. typically decorative covers, and do not actually carry any weight. Broken Pediment A pediment whose horizontal cornice is continuous, Bracketed Cornice but whose angled cornice above ends before reaching Any cornice, supported by brackets. In GFRC (glass the highest point of the pediment. The resulting fiber enforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural opening is often field with an urn or finial. Often found fiberglass) brackets in Georgian style, Queen Anne Style, Colonial Revival, may be molded and Neoclassical Style buildings. into the cornice, or applied as separate Brownstone pieces. A reddish or brown sandstone used extensively for buildings in the eastern United States from the early 19th century through the 1920’s. Stromberg GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) using pigments and select aggregates can Bracketed trim in replicate the color and texture of Brownstone. architectural fiberglass

Bracketed trim in architectural fiberglass Bracketed hood - A projecting element above a door or window that provides Building Restoration shelterBracketed from the rain, and is Hoodsupported by brackets. Brick panels - GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cast in panels with a brick texture and pattern, and used instead of brick. Architectural Fiberglass brick The re-creating of the form and details of a building, panelsA are projecting lighter, thinner, and faster element to install than traditional above brick masonry. a door or window that as it appeared at a particular time. GFRC (glass provides shelter from the rain, and is supported by fiber reinforced concrete) is an accepted material of brackets. replacement for terra-cotta, carved stone, cut stone, brownstone and some cast iron elements. Brick Panels GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cast in panels with a BEFORE brick texture and pattern, and used instead of brick. RESTORATION Architectural Fiberglass brick panels are lighter, thinner, and faster to install than traditional brick masonry.

BEFORE RESTORATION

AFTER RESTORATION Architectural fiberglass brick panels, Hershey’s Times Square, New York Architectural fiberglass brick panels, Hershey’s Times Square, Building Stone - Stone used in building construction such as limestone, BroachNew York- A spire, octagonal in shape, above a square tower. marble, granite or sandstone. Building Stone may be used as a facing on GFRP (architecturalAFTER RESTORATION fiberglass) panels, or GFRC (glass fiber enforced concrete) can be Broken pediment - A pediment whose horizontal cornice is continuous,castAFTER with but building RESTORATION Stone aggregates to replicate the look and appearance of cut whose angled cornice above ends before reaching the highest point of thestone. pediment. The resulting opening is often field withStromberg an urn or finial. Architectural Often found Products in Georgianwww.4stromberg.com style, Queen Anne Style, Colonial Revival, and Neoclassical903.454.0904 Style [email protected] buildings. Building Stone - Stone used in building construction such as limestone, marble, granite or sandstone. Building Stone may be used as a facing on GFRP Brownstone - A reddish or brown sandstone used extensively for buildings in nels, or GFRC (glass fiber enforced concrete) can be th (architectural fiberglass) pa the eastern United States from the early 19 century through the 1920’s.cast with building Stone aggregates to replicate the look and appearance of cut Stromberg GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) using pigments and select aggregates can replicate the color stone.and texture of Brownstone. Building restoration - The re-creating of the form and details of a building, as it appeared at a particular time. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) is an accepted material of replacement for terra-cotta, carved stone, cut stone, brownstone and some cast iron elements. Decorative stylized canale in architectural fiberglass (GFRP), Florida

Canton - An outside corner of a building, decorated with a projecting masonry course, pilasters or similar elements. Capital - The uppermost element of a column or plaster. GFRC (glass fiber Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) andreinforced Glass Fiber concrete) Reinforced and Polymer GFRP (GFRP) (archite ctural fiberglass) column capitals are Glossary of Architectural Terms Building Stone - Ceiling Dome available as Corinthian, Ionic, Doric, Tuscan,Page Scammozi, 19 Composite and temple Building Stone Cartoucheof the winds as well as custom shapes. Stone used in building construction such as limestone, AnCartouche ornamented - An tablet ornamented or shield tablet often or framedshield often by framed by elaborate carving. marble, granite or sandstone. Building Stone may be elaborate carving. used as a facing on GFRP (architectural fiberglass) panels, or GFRC (glass fiber enforced concrete) can be cast with building Stone aggregates to replicate the look and appearance of cut stone.

Bull’s-eye Window A round window, surrounded by decorative molding often found in gables or pediments. Also called an oculus, oeil de boeuf, or ox eye window. Cartouche in GFRC in GFRC (also available (also available in architectural in arch fiberglass,itectural cast fiberglass, cast stone, GFRG, Camber Window stone, GFRG, GFRS) GFRS) Window that has a slight arch at the top. Cast Iron Architecture Campanario Ornamental cast iron that replicated stone columns Spanish word for bell tower. and beams that was popular in many American cities especially New York, St. Louis, and New Orleans. The Canale cast iron architecture was characterized by the use In Spanish Colonial of repetitive modules. Many cast iron facades were architecture, a waterspout created in the Italianate Style and Second Empire used to direct rainwater style. No longer readily available in cast iron, missing through the face of the components of the structures are effectively replaced parapet and away from the with GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP walls. In modern times, (architectural fiberglass). Molds for the GFRC (glass fiber canale made from GFRP reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) mayCast ironbe taken architecture from existing - Ornamental elements, cast iron or that re-created replicated stone from columns (architectural fiberglass,) and beams that was popular in many American cities especially New York, St. may be functional or historicLouis, and drawings New Orleans. or The photographs. cast iron architecture was characterized by the use merely decorative. of repetitive modules. Many cast iron façades were created in the Italianate Style and Second Empire style. No longer readily available in cast iron, missing Cavettocomponents of the structures are effectively replaced with GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass). Molds for the GFRC A(glass round fiber concavereinforced concrete)molding and or GF corniceRP (architectural continuing fiberglass) at least may be ataken quarter from existing circle. elements, or re-created from historic drawings or photographs. Decorative stylized canale in Cavetto - A round concave molding or cornice continuing at least a quarter architectural fiberglass (GFRP,) Ceilingcircle. Dome Florida ACeiling dome Dome- used A fordome the used interior for the interior ceiling. ceiling. May May be be part part ofof a doublea dome system with interior and exterior domes. double dome system with interior and exterior domes. Decorative stylizedCanton canale in architectural fiberglass (GFRP), Florida An outside corner of a building, decorated with Canton - Ana outside projecting corner of masonry a building, decorated course, with pilasters a projecting or masonry similar course, pilasterselements. or similar elements. Capital - The uppermost element of a column or plaster. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) column capitals are available as Corinthian,Capital Ionic, Doric, Tuscan, Scammozi, Composite and temple of the winds Theas well uppermost as custom shapes. element of a column or plaster. GFRC Cartouche (glass- An ornamented fiber reinforced tablet or shieldconcrete) often andframed GFRP by elaborate (architectural carving. fiberglass) column capitals are available as Corinthian, Ionic, Doric, Tuscan, Scammozi, Composite and temple of the winds as well as custom shapes. Ornamented ceiling dome being installed (GFRG)

Stromberg ArchitecturalOrnamented Products ceiling dome being installed. GFRG www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904Ceiling medallion - An ornament [email protected] the ceiling, generally round, oval or hexagonal shape.

Cartouche in GFRC (also available in architectural fiberglass, cast stone, GFRG, GFRS) Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Cement - Made from heated limestone and shale, Portland cement when Ceiling Medallion - Chimney Pot Glossary of Architecturalcombined Termswith aggregate, glass fibers and polymers is cast toPage create 20 GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete). Ceiling Medallion Chimney Château style - Also known as Chateauesque style. A style of architecture based An ornament for the ceiling, generally round, oval or onThe the vertical monumental structure French thatchâteau’s contains of the 16oneth century. or more Château flues style was hexagonal shape. introducedand carries in Americaof smoke by Richard and combustion Morris Hunt. products GFRP (architectural from a fiberglass) andfireplace. GFRC (glass Chimneys fiber reinforced can be concret importante) architectural design elementselements, that are available in the Château style include limestone façade, pilasters, pinnacles, dormers,and the finials, use gables, GFRC balustrade, (glass fiber built courses, reinforced gargoyles, griffins,concrete) roof cresting,chimney pedimented covers with parapets, a brick, corner Fieldstone, turrets, decorative carved chimneys, stone ornamental chimneyor other caps, texture hood allows moldings, for fireplace light weight, mantles, weather etc. resistant Chimneyand noncombustible- The vertical structure alternative that contain to traditionals one or more chimney flues and carries of smoke and combustion products from a fireplace. Chimneys can be important designconstruction. elements, and the use GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) chimney covers with a brick, Fieldstone, carved stone or other texture allows for light weight,Chimney weather Cap resistant and noncombustible alternative to traditional chimney construction. A cornice or coping that crowns the top of the chimney. Chimney cap - A cornice or coping that crowns the top of the chimney. GFRC (glassGFRC fiber (glass reinforced fiber concrete) reinforced chimney capsconcrete) are noncombustible chimney and caps protect masonryare noncombustible chimneys from rain and and protectwhether. GFRC masonry chimney chimneys caps may have a moldedfrom rain profile, and and whether. a texture ofGFRC sandstone, chimney limestone, caps coral may stone have or other material. a molded profile, and a texture of sandstone, limestone, coral stone or other material.

Architectural fiberglass ceiling medallion in art deco style

Cement ArchitecturalMade from fiberglass heated ceiling limestone medallion and shale,in art deco Portland style cement when combined with aggregate, glass fibers and Chimney hood - Noncombustible covering that protects the opening at the top polymers is cast to create GFRC (glass fiber reinforced of the chimney from snow and rain but allows smoke to escape. GFRC (glass fiber Chimney Hood concrete). Noncombustible covering that protects the opening at the top of the chimney from snow and rain but allows Chateau Style smoke to escape. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) Also known as Chateauesque style. A style of architecture is non combustible, weather resistant and relatively based on the monumental French Chateau’s of the 16th Architectural fiberglass ceiling medallion in art deco style light and so an excellent choice for a chimney top. century. Chateau style was introduced in America by Richard Morris Hunt. GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Chimney Pot and GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) architectural A round decorative shape on top of the chimney, used to elements that are available in the Chateau style include increase its height and as a decorative element. Custom limestone facade, pilasters, pinnacles, dormers, finials, GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) chimney pots gables, balustrade, built courses, gargoyles, griffins, are available in a range of styles and sizes, generally roof cresting, pedimented parapets, corner turrets, used with a cast stone or terra-cotta color. Since GFRC decorative chimneys, ornamental chimney caps, hood is non combustible and relatively light, it is a safe and moldings, fireplace mantles, etc. intelligent material to use in this application.

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] reinforced concrete) is non combustible, weather resistant and relatively light and so an excellent choice for a chimney top.

Chimney pot - A round decorative shape on top of the chimney, used to increase its height and as a decorative element. Custom GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) chimney pots are available in a range of styles and sizes, generally used with a cast stone or terra cotta color. Since GFRC is non combustible and relatively light, it is a safe and intelligent material to use in this application. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Cinquefoil - Coffer Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 21 Cinquefoil - A pattern having five lobes divided like cusps, found in windows in the Gothic revivalCinquefoil style. Architectural fiberglass Circular windowA pattern - A having window five having lobes the shapedivided of like a full cusps, circle. found Often in with clock tower with working keystones setwindows at four points, in the in Gothic a radial revival manner. style. clocks and chimes

Coffer Recessed panels in the ceiling, arch or dome; they may be square or octagonal and sometimes are highly Circular Window ornamented. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) A window having the shape of a full circle. Often with or GFRP (architectural fiberglass) coffers are used for keystones set at four points, in a radial manner. concrete) or GFRP (architectural fiberglass) coffers are used for exterior Cladding - The exterior covering of a building. GFRP (architectural fiberglass)exteriorapplications or GFRGapplications for interiors. or GFRG for interiors. and GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) cladding may be supplied with a metal framework behindCladding the cladding, or as individual panels. Classical revival The exterior style -covering Style architecture of a building. typified GFRP by simplicity (architectural dignity and purity of designfiberglass) sometimes and referred GFRC to (glass as Jeffersonian fiber reinforced classicism, concrete) because it is often associatedcladding with the may work be of suppliedThomas Jefferson. with a metal Examples framework include Jeffersons home at Monticello,behind the Universitycladding, orof Virginia,as individual and the panels. Virginia State Capitol. It was later revived with some modifications and referred to as the neoclassical Classical Revival Style Style architecture typified by simplicity dignity and purity of design sometimes referred to as Jeffersonian classicism, because it is often associated with the work of Thomas Jefferson. Examples include Jefferson’s GFRG Ceiling Coffers home at Monticello, the University of Virginia, and GFRG Ceiling coffers the Virginia State Capitol. It was later revived with some modifications and referred to as the neoclassical style. GFRP (architectural fiberglass) elements that are available in the classical revival style include triangular pediments, columns in the Doric or Tuscan order, Roman Ionic and Corinthian orders. Dentils, triglyphs, fireplace surrounds, door surrounds, moldings, cornice, mantles and balustrade.

Clock Tower A tower for a clock. May feature chimes. Coffers of GFRG Coffers of GFRG

Stromberg Architectural ProductsColumn - In classical architecture consists of the capital the shaft and a base shaft may be either monolithic (one piece), built up of a number of cylinders, or www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 may be split vertically, to [email protected] a structural column. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) columns have a typical average wall thickness of between ½” and 1”. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Column - Coquina Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 22

Column The acanthus leaves of the normal Corinthian capital In classical architecture consists of the capital the were combined with the volutes of the Ionic Order. shaft and a base shaft may be either monolithic (one The other details of the columns and the entablature piece,) built up of a number of cylinders, or may be resemble those of the Corinthian Order. While the split vertically, to wrap a structural column. GFRC Ionic and Corinthian Orders are two of the three Greek (glass fiber reinforced concrete) columns have a typical Orders of Architecture, the Composite order was not average wall thickness of between ½” and 1”. used by the Greeks. The composite order is less widely used than other orders and is available in fewer stock sizes in GFRP (architectural fiberglass,) but can be custom fabricated.

Concrete Matrix The concrete portion of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete,) which is formed by mixing an aggregate, such as crushed stone or sand, with Portland cement, polymers and water.

Console A bracket, in the form of the scroll which projects from a wall and supports a door head, cornice, Composite Capital fireplace mantel, shelf, A Roman modification of the Corinthian capital has etc. also known as an Composite capital - A Roman modification of the Corinthian capital has ancon. GFRC (glass fiber volutesvolutes similar to similaran Ionic capital.to an SinceIonic the capital. composite Since capital the is less composite widely used than thecapital other orders, is less it is availablwidelye inused only athan few stock the sizes other in GFRP orders, it is reinforced concrete) (architecturalavailable fiberglass), in only and a is few generally stock a custom sizes inpiece. GFRP (architectural and GFRP (architectural Compositefiberglass,) Order - The and Composite is generally Order developed a custom late piece.in the Roman period fiberglass) corbels and as modified version of the Corinthian Order. The acanthus leaves of the normal brackets may be modified Corinthian capital were combined with the volutes of the Ionic Order. The other details Compositeof the columns Orderand the entablatureDiagram resemble those of the Corinthian and used as consoles. Order. While the Ionic and Corinthian Orders are two of the three Greek Orders of Architecture, the Composite order was not used by the Greeks. The composite Coquina order is less widely used than other orders and is available in fewer stock sizes in GFRP (architectural fiberglass), but can be custom fabricated. A limestone formed from prehistoric shells and coral. Coquina stone was used in the construction of Spanish colonial dwellings in early Florida. GFRCCoquina (glass fiber - Areinforced limestone concrete) formed from prehistoric shells and coral. Coquina stone with Coquina stone texturewas usedand feel,in the is constructionproduced using of Spanish colonial dwellings in early Florida. a special manufacturedGFRC mold, (glass produced fiber fromreinforced quarried concrete) with Coquina stone texture and feel, is Coquina stone, and a speciallyproduced designed using a GFRC special mixture. manufactured mold, produced from quarried Coquina Coquina stone columns,stone, piers and and a trim specially are available designed as GFRC mixture. Coquina stone columns, piers and well as coquina windowtrim and are door available surrounds as well and as other coquina window and door surrounds and other architectural components in GFRC. Coquina stone GFRC is available in a range of architectural components in GFRC. Coquina stone GFRC mottled pastel colors. Because the areas where coquina stone was once quarried is available in a range of mottled pastel colors. Because are now either developed or in environmentally sensitive locations, GFRC cast the areas where coquina stone was once quarried are coquina is an environmentally superior solution. The coquina texture is also Composite Order now either developed availableor in environmentally in panels, brackets, sensitive keystones, etc in GFRP (architectural fiberglass). The Composite Order developed late in the Roman locations, GFRC cast coquina is an environmentally Concrete matrix - The concrete portion of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced Coral stone - A sedimentary limestone, formed from fossilized coral and concrete),period which as modifiedis formed by mixing version an aggregate, of suchthe as crushed Corinthian stone or Order. (continued on next page) sand, with Portland cement, polymers and water. seashells. Coral stone was widely used in construction of many of the great Console - A bracket, in the form of the scroll which projects from a wall and mansions in southern Florida, and was popularized by architects such as Addison supports a door head, cornice, fireplace mantel, shelf, etc. alsoStromberg known as an Architectural Products Mizner. Coral Stone GFRP (architectural fiberglass) is available in a range of ancon. GFRCwww.4stromberg.com (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural 903.454.0904 [email protected] fiberglass) corbels and brackets may be modified and used as consoles. pastel colors and white. GFRP coral stone is stronger than quarried coral stone and architectural fiberglass is readily available and is more environmentally friendly. GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cast with coral stone texture, provides a material which is virtually indistinguishable from quarried coral stone. Coral stone ashlar, coral stone columns, coral stone brackets, coral stone piers, balusters, trim, wall cap and other coral stone shapes are all available in Architectural Fiberglass. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Coquina - Corinthian Order Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 23

Coquina - continued Corbel superior solution. The coquina texture is also available A projecting bracket, often decorated, designed to in panels, brackets, keystones, etc in GFRP (architectural support an architectural element above it. A variety of fiberglass). stock mold GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) corbels and brackets are Coral Stone available. A sedimentary limestone, formed from fossilized coral and seashells. Coral stone was widely used in Corbels supporting a construction of many of the great mansions in southern cornice Florida, and was popularized by architects such as Addison Mizner. Coral Stone GFRP (architectural fiberglass) is available in a range of pastel colors and Corinthian Capital white. GFRP coral stone is stronger than quarried The capital for the coral stone and architectural fiberglass is readily Corinthian column. available and is more environmentally friendly. GFRPCorbels supporting a cornice A series of acanthus (architectural fiberglass) cast with coral stone texture,Corinthian capital - The capital for theleaves, Corinthian surrounding column. A series of provides a material which is virtually indistinguishableacanthus leaves, surrounding a central abell. central bell. from quarried coral stone. Coral stone ashlar, coral stone columns, coral stone brackets, coral stone piers, balusters, trim, wall cap and other coral stone shapes are all available in Architectural Fiberglass. Corbels supporting a cornice Corinthian capital - The capital for the Corinthian column. A series of acanthus leaves, surrounding a central bell.

Corinthian Order One of the three classical orders of architecture. While the Corinthian order takes its name from the city of Coral stone trim in GFRC Corinth in Greece. It actually seems to have been Coral stone trim in GFRC Coral stone trim in GFRC developed in Athens during the fifth century BC. The leaves surrounding the capital represent stylized acanthus leaves. The legend of its origin is that a sculptor, visiting the grave of a young girl, found an urn filled with her possessions, on top of her grave, covered with a square tile on top to protect the contents. An acanthus plant had grown around the urn, curling over at the corners of the tile. Moved and inspired by the sight, he created Fossil Stone texture similar a column capital in the shape of a round urn encircled to coral stone but with a with acanthus leaves. The details of the Corinthian heavier texture and more column base, shaft and entablature are similar to the fossils. (continued on next page) Fossil Stone texture similar to coral stone but with a heavier texture and more fossils. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Corbel - A projecting bracket, often decorated, designed to support an architectural element above it. A variety of stock mold GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) corbels and brackets are available.

Fossil Stone texture similar to coral stone but with a heavier texture and more fossils.

Corbel - A projecting bracket, often decorated, designed to support an architectural element above it. A variety of stock mold GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) corbels and brackets are available. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Corinthian Order - Cornice Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 24

Corinthian Order - continued Cornice Corinthian Order - One of the three classical orders of architecture. While the CorinthianIonic order. order takes GFRC its name (glass from fiber the city reinforced of Corinth in Greece. concrete) It actually and A molded horizontal projection that crowns the top seemsGFRP to have(architectural been developed fiberglass) in Athens during Corinthian the fifth century columns BC. The leaves are of a wall where it meets with the edge of a roof. The surrounding the capital represent stylized acanthus leaves. The legend of its originavailable is that aas sculptor, standard visiting mold the grav items,e of a young and girl, even-numbered found an urn filled with term cornice, is also used to refer to the top section of her possessions, on top of her grave, covered with a square tile on top to protect an entablature (resting on the frieze) or to refer to the thediameters contents. An (10 acanthus inch, plant 12had grow inch,n around 14 the inch, urn, curling etc.) over GFRC at the corners(glass offiber the tile. andMoved first and inspired concrete) by the sight, and he createdGFRP a(architectural column capital ornamental molding at the top of a door or window in the shape of a round urn encircled with acanthus leaves. The details of the surround. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and Corinthianfiberglass) column Corinthian base, shaft and pilasters entablature are are similaravailable to the in Ionic the order. same GFRCsizes. (glass As fiber a reinforcedloose rule concrete) of thumb,and GFRP (architecturalCorinthian fiberglass) columns GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornices offer architects Corinthian columns are available as standard mold items, and even-numbered diametersare typically (10 inch, 8 12 to inch, 12 14 diameters inch, etc.). GFRC in height,(glass fiber for and example first concrete) a a number of design possibilities. Shape selection and1 foot GFRP diameter (architectural (measured fiberglass) Corint lowerhian pilasters shaft) are column available inwould the same is virtually unlimited. Cornices can be designed in sizes. As a loose rule of thumb, Corinthian columns are typically 8 to 12 diametersbe eight and to height, 12 feetfor example tall, aand 1 foot a diameter 2 foot (measured diameter lower column shaft) traditional or contemporary styles. Custom shapes column would be eight to 12 feet tall, and a 2 foot diameter column would be 16 can be used, or you can select a stock profile from towould 24 feet inbe height. 16 to 24 feet in height. our extensive collection. Dentils, reveals, cantilevered projections, carved details, can all be incorporated into the cornice. At Stromberg, shape selection is virtually unlimited. Stone textures, acid washed concretes, colors, terra-cottas, and even metallic are all possible finish options. The light weight and strength of Stromberg GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass, combined with modern technology and repetitive casting techniques makes it affordable to use complex shapes and profiles. Because of the relatively light weight and strength of GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass, the cornice can cantilever beyond the buildings structure without costly additional support. Wind and other loads are transferred back to the building’s structure. Cornices provide the visual finishing touch to the roof line. Cornices in glass fiber reinforced concrete and architectural fiberglass also serve the purpose of shading to reduce energy costs and protecting the wall belowcostly additional from the support. weather. Wind and other loads are transferred back to the Cornicesbuilding’s structure. should be detailed to maintain a continuously uniformCornices provide water the barrier visual atfinishing the interface touch to the between roof line. wall Cornices and in glass fiber roofreinforced components. concrete and architectural Roof membrane fiberglass and also serve flashing the purpose can of shading extendto reduce under energy coststhe cornice, and protecting or roofing the wall belowcan frombe brought the weather. up theCornices backside should beand detailed over tothe maintain top of a continuouslythe cornice, uniform covering water barrier at the interface entire backbetween panel wall andincluding roof compo caulknents. joints. Roof membrane Stromberg and flashing GFRCcan extend and under GFRP the cornice, offer or roofing you a ca n number be brought of up options,the backside and over Corinthian pilasters the top of the cornice, covering the entire back panel including caulk joints. in GFRS (The dependingStromberg GFRC upon and your GFRP unique offer you requirements. a number of options, If you depending need upon your Stromberg stone furtherunique requirements. assistance, If please you need give further us aassistance, call or email. please give We us are a call or faced architectural hereemail. toWe help. are here to help. fiberglass)

CorinthianCorner Pilaster pilasters in GFRS (the Stromberg stone faced architectural fiberglass) CornerAn engaged pilaster pilaster, - An engaged located pilaster, at the located corner at of the the corner building of the building or colonnade.or colonnade.

Cornice - A molded horizontal projection that crowns the top of a wall where it meets with the edge of a roof. The term cornice, is also used to refer to the top section of an entablature (resting on the frieze) or to refer to the ornamental molding at the top of a door or window surround.Stromberg GFRC (Glass Architectural fiber reinforcedCornice Products return - Is the term for the continuation of a cornice, either back to the concrete)www.4stromberg.com and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornices offer architects903.454.0904 awall number where it terminates, or in a [email protected] direction, at a gable end. of design possibilities. Shape selection is virtually unlimited. Cornices can be designed in traditional or contemporary styles. Custom shapes can be used,Corona or - The overhanging vertical member of a cornice in classical architecture. you can select a stock profile from our extensive collection. Dentils, reveals, cantilevered projections, carved details, can all be incorporated into theCresting cornice. - A decorative design along the ridge of a roof, cornice, coping or At Stromberg, shape selection is virtually unlimited. Stone textures, acidparapet. washed Usually highly ornamented and often perforated. Often found in the concretes, colors, terra cottas, and even metallic are all possible finish options.Château style, Second Empire style, and Queen Anne style, but also found on other styles. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural The light weight and strength of Stromberg GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass,fiberglass) cresting incorporates stainless steel or other non-corroding anchors combined with modern technology and repetitive casting techniques makeswhich it allow it to be bolted to the structure below. affordable to use complex shapes and profiles.

Because of the relatively light weight and strength of GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass, the cornice can cantilever beyond the buildings structure without Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Cornice Return - Date Stone Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 25

Cornice Return meaning a small cup (A cupola resembling an upside Is the term for the continuation of a cornice, either back down cup.) A cupola that is lighted is sometimes referred to the wall where it terminates, or in a change direction, to as a lantern. A Cupola with access for viewing out of at a gable end. to view the scenery is often called a belvedere, from the Italian term for fair view. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced Corona concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cupolas The overhanging vertical member of a cornice in may be designed as one piece units, if small enough classical architecture. to be transported. Larger cupolas of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Cresting are generally made in segments that are pre-fitted at A decorative design along the ridge of a roof, cornice, the factory, disassembled for shipping, reassembled coping or parapet. Usually highly ornamented and often on the ground at the site, and then hoisted into place perforated. Often found in the Chateau style, Second with a crane. GFRC and GFRP cupolas may be Empire style, and Queen Anne style, but also found on custom designed or may be selected from a catalog of other styles. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and stock the cupola designs. In most cases a glass fiber GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cresting incorporates reinforced concrete cupola sets over a roof membrane, stainless steel or other non-corroding anchors which as a decorative element on the roof. Flashing and allow it to be bolted to the structure below. waterproofing is therefore simplified.

Wall top cresting or crenellation in cast stone Wall top cresting or crenellation in cast stone Cushion Capital Crocket Capital of the Romanesque style and Gothic style that CrocketGothic ornaments - Gothic ornamentsof medieval of origin, medieval usually origin, plant usually like plantlikesomewhat in resemblesform, a cushion. placedin form, along placed the edgealong of the the edgesloping of surfthe acesloping of pinnacles surfaceCushion or capital spires. - Most Capital often of the Romanesque style and Gothic style that somewhat resembles a cushion. seenof pinnacles in Gothic orrevival spires. architecture. Most often GF RC seen (glass in Gothicfiber reinforced Cyma concrete) and GFRPrevival (architectural architecture. fiberglass) GFRC Crockets (glass fiber are generally reinforcedCyma cast - AA withmolding molding a stainless with with the double steel the double curved shape curved of an shape S in section. of an S in or noncorrosive metal all thread through them to allow for attachment to the concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Crockets section. structure.are generally cast with a stainless steel or noncorrosiveDate stone - A panel or “stone” of GFRC, inscribed with the date of completion of the building, and sometimes other information. The glass fiber reinforced metal all thread through them to allow for attachment Cupola - Structure located on a roof or a dome, withconcrete a circular date stone polygon may be will a cornerstone, a plaque or keystone. to the structure. Date Stone base. Often louvered for ventilation, sometimes setDentil with -glass OneA panel of or a stained-glass.row or of “stone” “tooth like” of blocks, GFRC, set inscribed in a molding with or cornice. the date These TheCupola word comes from the Latin ‘cupella’ or the Greekare part ‘kupellon’) ofof the completion classical meaning ornamentation ofa small the building, of the Ionic, and Composite, sometimes Corinthian other and cup (A cupola resembling an upside down cup). A couple that is lighted is Structure located on a roof or a dome, with a circularDoric orders. information. Found in Federal The glassstyle, Adamfibers style,reinforced Classical concrete Revival style, date French sometimespolygon will referred base. to as Often a lantern. louvered A Cu forpola ventilation, withEclectic access architecture,for viewing Georgian out of to style, and Greek revival architecture. GFRC (glass view the scenery is often called a belvedere, from thefiber Italian reinforcedstone term concrete)may for fairbe aand view. cornerstone, GFRP (architectural a plaque fiberglass) or keystone. moldings may be sometimes set with glass or stained-glass. The word GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architecturalcast with the dentils fiberglass) as part of the molding, or the dentils may be cast separately comes from the Latin ‘cupella’ or the Greek ‘kupellon’)and attached after casting. It is important that dentil molding and cornice with cupolas may be designed as one piece units, if smalldentils enough be properly to be transported. laid out so that the dentil spacing is uniform. This is generally Larger cupolas of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)done by andthe manufacturer GFRP (architectural in the shop drawings stage. fiberglass) are generally made in segmenStrombergts that are Architecturalpre-fitted at the Products factory, disassembledwww.4stromberg.com for shipping, reassembled on the ground903.454.0904 at the site, and then [email protected] hoisted into place with a crane. GFRC and GFRP cupolas may be custom designed or may be selected from a catalog of stock the cupola designs. In most cases a glass fiber reinforced concrete cupola sets over a roof membrane, as a decorative element on the roof. Flashing and waterproofing is therefore simplified. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Dentil - Dome Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 26

Dentil One of a row of “tooth like” blocks, set in a molding or cornice. These are part of the classical ornamentation of the Ionic, Composite, Corinthian and Doric orders. Found in Federal style, Adams style, Classical Revival style, French Eclectic architecture, Georgian style, and Greek revival architecture. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) moldings may be cast with the dentils as part of the molding, or the dentils may be cast separately and attached after casting. It is important that dentil molding and cornice with dentils be properly laid out so that the dentil spacing is uniform. This is generally done by the manufacturer in the shop drawings stage. Architectural fiberglass domes by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas

Architectural fiberglass domes by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas Architectural fiberglass domes by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas

Dome A roof structure generally shaped like a segment of Domea sphere, - A roof but structure may also generally be polygon shaped like or ovala segment in plan. of a sphere, but may Largealso be GFRCpolygon (glass or oval fiber in plan. reinforced Large GFRC concrete) (glass fiber and reinforced GFRP concrete) and (architecturalGFRP (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) domesdomes are are generally generally cast in piecast shaped in segments, pieand assembledshaped segments, on-site. Smaller and assembleddomes, generally on-site. less thanSmaller eight to 10 feet diameter, may be cast as one piece units, or in segments. If the dome is a domes,decorative generally element toless be than viewed eight from to the 10 ex feetterior diameter, only, the may roof is put in place, beand cast the domeas one placed piece above units, it. orSimilarly in segments. if the dome If theis to dome be viewed from the isinterior a decorative only, it may element be suspended to be viewedfrom the fromceiling the structure exterior above Dome it. If inthe GFRG only,domes theare to roof be viewed is put from in place,both the and interior the and dome the exterior placed than a double dome is required with insulation placed between the inner and outerDome dome. in GFRG above it. Similarly if the dome is to be viewed from Exterior glass reinforced concrete and architectural fiberglass domesDome may in GFRG be themolded interior smooth only, or textured, it may be with suspended ribs or even from with the moldedceiling in shape of roof structuretile, or glazed above mosaic it. tile.If the Interior domes domes are into GFRCbe viewed (glass fiberfrom reinforced bothconcrete) the andinterior GFRP and (architectural the exterior fiberglass) then a maydouble be smooth, dome ribbed, or coffered. In some applications both an exterior dome of GFRC or architectural isfiberglass, required and with an interior insulation dome placedof GFRG betweenor architectural the inner fiberglass are used. andBetween outer the dome. inner dome Exterior and outerglass dome,reinforced the dome concrete cavity mayand be insulated. architectural fiberglass domes may be molded smooth or textured, with ribs or even with the molded in shape of roof tile, or glazed mosaic tile. Interior domes in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) may be smooth, ribbed, or coffered. In some applications both an exterior dome of GFRC or architectural fiberglass, and an interior dome of GFRG or architectural fiberglass are used. Between the inner dome and outer dome, the dome cavity may Interior GFRG domes be insulated. Interior GFRG domes

Door Surround - A structure or decorative element around the doorway. Stromberg ArchitecturalGFRC (glass Products fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) door www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904surrounds range from the simple [email protected] the very ornate and are used with every style of architecture.

Ventura Door Surround on office building. (Also shown is M30 banding, G29 balustrade and 24” diameter Corinthian columns). The Ventura Surround is adjustable in size. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Door Surround - Doric Capital Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 27 Entry surround of M80 molding. DoorInterior Surround GFRG domes A structure or decorative element around the doorway. GFRCDoor Surround (glass fiber - A structurereinforced or decorativeconcrete) element and aroundGFRP the doorway. (architecturalGFRC (glass fiberfiberglass) reinforced door concrete)surrounds an ranged GFRP from (architectural the fiberglass) door simplesurrounds to the range very from ornate the and simple are used to the with very every ornate style and are used with every style of architecture.

Entry surround of M80 molding

Ventura Door Surround on office building (Also shown is M30 banding,Ventura G29 Door balustrade Surround and 24”on officediameter buildi Corinthianng. (Also columns.) shown is M30 banding, G29 Thebalustrade Ventura Surround and 24” is diameteradjustable inCorinthi size. an columns). The Ventura Surround is adjustable in size.

The Magnolia Door Surround Doric Capital features two columns (pilasters) The top or capital of a column or pilaster of the Doric and a angular pediment. The size is order. adjustable.

The Magnolia Door Surround. Features two columns (pilasters) and a angular pediment. Size is adjustable. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] not part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the arch dormer, eyebrow dormer, Flathead dormer, hip dormer, Mission dormer, Palladian dormer, pointed dormer, random dormer, triangular dormer and through the cornice wall dormer.

not part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the arch dormer, eyebrow dormer, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) andFlathead Glass dormer, Fiber Reinforcedhip dormer, Mission Polymer dormer, (GFRP) Palladian dormer, pointed dormer, random dormer, triangular dormer and through the cornice wall dormer. Doric Order - Double Bellied Baluster Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 28

Doric Order The Doric Order is the oldest and simplest of the three Greek architectural orders and was invented by the Dorian Greeks. The Doric order is characterized by sturdy proportions and a simple capital. The columns are thicker relative to their height than in the other orders. The Greek Doric column is fluted and has no base. The Roman Doric is usually not fluted and has a base. The entablature is deeper and visually heavier than that of either the Ionic or Corinthian Orders. Doric columns are available in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) in a variety of standard sizes with shaft diameters typically in even shaftshaft diameters diameters typically typically in in even even numbered numbered increments increments (12(12 inch,inch, 1414 inch,inch, 1616 inch,inch, etc.).shaftnumbered diameters increments typically in even (12 numbered inch, increments14 inch, (1216 inch, inch, 14 inch,etc.) 16 inch, etc.).etc.). DoubleDouble Bellied bellied Baluster baluster - A baluster with two vase shaped “bellies” , the same DoubleA baluster bellied with baluster two - vase A baluster shaped with two “bellies,” vase shaped the “bellies” same , the same profileprofileprofile on the upperonon the andthe lower upper upper half. GFRC and and and lowerArchitectural half. half. Fiberglass GFRC GFRC balusters and and Architectural Fiberglass balusters areArchitecturalare available available in a large Fiberglass selection in a oflarge balusters standard selection profiles. are available of standard in a profiles. large selection of standard profiles.

Example of a double bellied baluster

Example of a double bellied baluster.

Dormer And architectural element which projects from a Double bellied balustrade sloping roof. Dormers usually contain a vertical DoubleDouble Lancet bellied Window balustrade - A window surround with two pointed Lancet window or louvers. GFRC windows side-by-side. Double bellied balustrade (glass fiber reinforced Example of a double bellied baluster. Double Lancet Window concrete) and GFRP A window surround with two pointed Lancet windows (architectural fiberglass) Double Lancet Window - A window surround with two pointed Lancet side-by-side. dormers are generally not windows side-by-side. part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the arch DormerDormerDormer - - And- And And architectural architectural architectural element element element whic whic whichh hprojects projects projects from from from aa aslopingsloping sloping roof.roof. roof. DormersDormersDormersdormer, usually usually usually eyebrow contain contain contain a adormer, vertical avertical vertical wind wind windFlatheadowowow or or or louvers. louvers. louvers. dormer, GFRCGFRC GFRC hip (glass(glass (glass dormer, fiberfiber fiber Double Lancet window reinforcedreinforced concrete) concrete) and and GFRP GFRP (architec (architecturaltural fiberglass) fiberglass) dormersdormers areare generallygenerally reinforcedMission concrete) dormer, and GFRP Palladian (architec dormer,tural fiberglass) pointed dormers dormer, are generally

random dormer, triangular dormer and through the Dowel - Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of GFRC together, cornice wall dormer. or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC are generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown are typical dowel anchors for GFRC. Double Lancet window Stromberg ArchitecturalDouble Lancet Products window www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]

Dowel - Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of GFRC together, or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC are generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown are typical dowel anchors for GFRC. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Dowel - Egyptian Revival Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 29

Dowel Eaves Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of The underside of the part of the roof that projects GFRC together, or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced beyond the exterior wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC Eaves are Eavesconcrete) - The - undersideThe and underside GFRP of the of(architectural the part part of ofthe the roof fiberglass)roof that that projects projects eaves beyond may the the exterior exterior wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown wall.are GFRCbe coffered (glass fiberor plain. reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) eaves eavesmay bemay coffered be coffered or plain. or plain. typical dowel anchors for GFRC.

Highly ornamented eaves Highly ornamented eaves.

EggEgg andand Dart Dart molding Molding - An ornamental molding with a repeating pattern of HighlyeggAn ornamented shaped ornamental ornaments eaves. molding alternating with with a dart repeating shaped ornaments. pattern of egg shaped ornaments alternating with dart shaped Egg and Dart molding - An ornamental molding with a repeating pattern of egg shapedornaments. ornaments alternating with dart shaped ornaments.

Egg and dart molding GFRG

Egg and dart molding GFRG Egg and dart molding GFRG Egyptian Revival A style of architecture suggestive of the architecture Drip Molding of ancient Egypt. This architecture usually exhibits A horizontal molding over a door or window designed elements such as Lotus capitals, columns that bulge or to channel rainwater away from the wall surface and as that imitate papyrus stocks, Egyptian Gorge, winged a decorative element. sun discs, etc.

Drip molding - A horizontalStromberg molding Architectural over a door Products or window designed to www.4stromberg.comchannel rainwater away from the wall903.454.0904 surface and as a decorative [email protected] Egyptian revival - A style of architecture suggestive of the architecture of ancient Egypt. This architecture usually exhibits elements such as Lotus capitals, columns that bulge or that imitate papyrus stocks, Egyptian Gorge, winged sun discs, etc. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Egyptian Gorge - Engaged Column Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 30

Egyptian Gorge Also known as Egyptian cornice, Cavetto cornice, Gorge-and-roll cornice. Consisting of a large cavetto molding (round concave molding continuing at least a quarter circle) sometimes decorated with vertical leaves, and a roll molding below.

Elizabethan Architecture An English style of architecture, it was the transitional style between Gothic architecture and Renaissance architecture.

Elliptical Arch Any arch having the shape of half an ellipse.

Egyptian Revival Columns and Capitals, Cheesecake Factory EgyptianRestaurant (GFRG) Revival Columns and Capitals, Cheesecake Factory Restaurant. GFRG

Engaged Column EngagedA column, attachedcolumn to a- wall.A column, GFRC (glass attached fiber to a wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)reinforced concrete) and GFRP and GFRP (architectural (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) engaged columns, may be half engaged columns, may be half round or three quarter roundround. or three quarter round.

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Egyptian Gorge - Also known as Egyptian cornice, Cavetto cornice, Gorge-and- roll cornice. Consisting of a large cavetto molding (round concave molding continuing at least a quarter circle) sometimes decorated with vertical leaves, and a roll molding below.

Elizabethan architecture - An English style of architecture, it was the transitional style between Gothic architecture and Renaissance architecture.

Elliptical arch - Any arch having the shape of half an ellipse. Engaged column - A column, attached to a wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) engaged columns, may be half round or three Glassquarter Fiber Reinforced round. Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Entablature - Facade Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 31

Entasis A slight convex curve added to the tapered profile of classical columns. Entasis is used to overcome the optical illusion of concavity of straight sided shafts.

Entry Surround A door surround at the main entry to a home or building.

Entablature An entablature, is a horizontal band and molding supported by columns. Entablatures or horizontally divided into three basic elements: the architrave (the upper most portion;) the frieze (the middle section,) and the cornice (the top section.) The proportions and details of an entablature are different depending on the order (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian or Composite.) Entry surround (the Ventura) by Stromberg GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP Entry surround (the Ventura) by Stromberg. Entablature - An entablature, is a horizontal band and molding supported by Equilateral Arch columns.(architectural Entablatures or horizontally fiberglass) divided into three entablatures basic elements: the may be cast as U architrave (the upper most portion); the frieze (the middle section), and the A pointed, centered arch whose radius of curvature is corniceshaped (the top section).sections The proportions to wrap and details a ofstructural an entablature are beam or be hollow Equilateral arch- A pointed, centered arch whose radius of curvature is equal different depending on the order (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian or equal to the width of the opening. Composite). GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural to the width of the opening. fiberglass)and featureentablatures may internal be cast as U shaped ribs sections for to wrap stiffening a structural or an internal beam or be hollow and feature internal ribs for stiffening or an internal steel frame.steel frame. Eyebrow Lintel Eyebrow lintel - A lintel over a door or window, with a slight arch to it. GFRC A lintel over a door or window, with a slight arch to it. (glass fiber reinforced concrete) eyebrow lintels may be designed to be structural GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) eyebrow lintels or nonstructural. may be designed to be structural or non structural.

FacadeFacade - The exterior skin of a building, which is considered to be the architecturalThe exterior skinface ofor a front. building, which is considered to be the architectural face or front.

Entablature Stromberg Architectural Products Entasis - A slightwww.4stromberg.com convex curve added to the tapered profile of classical columns. 903.454.0904 [email protected] Entasis is used to overcome the optical illusion of concavity of straight sided shafts.

Entry Surround - A door surround at the main entry to a home or building. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Federal Style - Finial Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 32

Fieldstone Construction of individual stones for walls and chimneys. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) field stone panels are available in a variety of stone types, colors and textures. GFRC and GFRP field stone panels allow for fast installation and quality workmanship.

Chico’s Facade Chico's Facade Federal Style FederalStyle architecture style - Style thatarchitecture developed that developed in the postcolonialin the postcolonial era in American. It was greatly influenced by the work of Robert Adam. Buildings constructedera in America. in the Federal It was style greatly may containfluencedin the following by the architectural work elements: Fieldstone panel for largeof Robert entrance Adam. porticos, Buildings columns andconstructed pilasters, cornicein the with Federal moldings, quoins, festoons,style may garlands, contain urns, the swags, following dentils architectural and egg and dart elements: moldings. Many GFRC “lighthouse” cast in GFRG (glass fiber (glasslarge fiberentrance reinforced porticos, concrete) columns and GFRP and (architectural pilasters, cornice fiberglass) elements are available as stock patterns or maybe custom fabricated in the Federal style. reinforced gypsum) with moldings, quoins, festoons, garlands, urns, swags, for interior use. Festoondentils and - The egg decoration and dart of moldings.suspended flowers, Many fruit, GFRC foliage, (glass ribbons, etc. Fieldstone panels foundfiber in thereinforced Beaux Arts Style, concrete) Colonial Revival,and AdamGFRP style (architectural and Federal style. could also be cast Alsofiberglass) known as elementsgarland or swag.are available as stock patterns or in architectural fiberglass or GFRC maybe custom fabricated in the Federal style. for exterior use.

Festoon Finial Fieldstone panel for “lighthouse” cast in GFRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum) The decoration of suspended flowers, fruit, foliage, forAn interior ornament use. Fieldstone that tops panels a could gate al so pier, be cast pinnacle, in architectural spire fiberglass or or ribbons, etc. found in the Beaux Arts Style, Colonial GFRCpediment. for exterior Typical use. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) Revival, Adam style and Federal style. Also known as Finialand GFRP - An ornament (architectural that tops afiberglass) gate pier, pinnacle, finials spire might or pediment. be urns, Typical garland or swag. GFRCpineapples, (glass fiber acorns, reinforced obelisks, concrete) an etc.d GFRP (architectural fiberglass) finials might be urns, pineapples, acorns, obelisks, etc.

Festoon plaque over window • Part of the restoration of North Texas State University Draped Urn finial Draped Urn finial Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Festoon plaque over window. Part of the restoration of North Texas State University. Fireplace Mantles - A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg GFRC offers a selection of stock moldings and corbels that are used as fireplace Fieldstone - Construction of individual stones for wallsmantles. and chimneys. Glass fiber reinforced GFRC concrete, being non combustible, is an ideal (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural materialfiberglass) for fireplace field mantels.stone panels are available in a variety of stone types, colors and textures. GFRC and GFRP field stone panels allow for fast installation and quality workmanship. Flat Keystone Arch - A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center.

Flat Keystone Arch - A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Fireplace Mantles - Foil Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 33

FireplaceDraped Urn finial Mantles A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg GFRC offers a selection of stock moldings and corbels that are used as fireplace mantles. Glass Fireplace Mantles - A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg fiberGFRC offers reinforced a selection ofconcrete, stock moldings being and corbels non that combustible, are used as fireplace is an mantles. Glass fiber reinforced concrete, being non combustible, is an ideal idealmaterial material for fireplace formantels. fireplace mantels.

Fleur-de-lis Fireplace Surround Fluer-de-lisFrom the French - From word the French for “flower word for “flowerof the lily”.of the lily”.A stylized A stylized three- petaledthree-petaled iris flower iristied by flower an encircling tied band, by once an used encircling as the heraldic band, bearing of The frame around a fireplace opening. The surround the French royal family (chosen by Charles V), used on coats of arms and later consists of the side supports, which may be columns, usedonce by used English as kings the andheraldic royalty bearingAn ancient of emblem, the French the Empress royal Theodora engaged columns, pilasters, corbels, ancones or borefamily one on (chosen her crown by (approximately Charles V,) usedA.D. 527). on The coats three of “petals” arms of the fleur- Fluer-de-lisde-lisand laterhave alsoused - been From by used English the to French represent kings word theand for Holy royalty “flower Trinity. Anof the ancient lily”. A stylized three- Fireplacemoldings, surround and -the The frametop entablaturearound a fireplace or opening. shelf. The GRC surround is an petaled iris flower tied by an encircling band, once used as the heraldic bearing of consists of the side supports, which may be columns, engaged columns, pilasters, emblem, the Empress Theodora bore one on her crown corbels,excellent ancones choice or moldings, for andfireplace the top entablature surrounds or shelf. since GRC is anit is non the French royal family (chosen by Charles V), used on coats of arms and later excellentcombustible. choice for fireplace Glass surrounds fiber reinforcedsince it is non combustible. concrete Glass fireplace fiber used(approximately by English kings A.D. and 527.) royalty The An ancient three “petals” emblem, the of theEmpress Theodora reinforced concrete fireplace surrounds can be cast in a texture and color to borefleur-de-lis one on her have crown also (approximately been used to A.D. represent 527). The the three Holy “petals” of the fleur- replicatesurrounds cut stone can or castbe stone.cast in a texture and color to replicate de-lis have also been used to represent the Holy Trinity. cut stone or cast stone. Trinity.

Fluer-de-lis in architectural fiberglass

Fluer-de-lisFleur-de-lis in in architectural architectural fiberglass fiberglass Fluting - Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft. Fluting Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft. Fireplace Hearth FireplaceThe floor Hearth of - The floorthe of thefireplace fireplace opening. opening. GFRC fireplace GFRChearths fireplace Foil arehearths designed to are extend designed into the room to and extend the glass fiber into reinforced the room concrete and provides the non combustible material to protect the floor. From the French word “foil” the glass fiber reinforced concrete provides the non meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped combustible material to protect the floor. curve or lobe, formed between points called cusps inside an arch Flat Keystone Arch or circle. Used in Gothic style A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center. (continued on next page)

Foil - From the French word “foil” meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped curve or lobe, Stromberg Architectural Products formed between points called cusps inside an arch or circle. Used in Gothic style tracery windows. The number of foils is indicated by a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]), quatrefoil (4 lobes), cinquefoil, sexfoil, multifoil. Found in Gothic and Gothic Revival Styles and others.

Quatrefoil medallion Fluting - Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft.

Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Foil - Garland Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 34

Foil - continued Gable tracery windows. The number of foils is indicated by Known as the pediment in Classical architecture. The a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three lobes,) quatrefoil (4 lobes,) gable is the triangular portion of the wall, between the Foilcinquefoil, - From the French sexfoil, word “foil” multifoil. meaning “leaf”. Found A leaf-shaped in curve Gothic or lobe, and enclosing lines of a sloping roof. Gable cornice in GFRC formed between points called cusps inside an arch or circle. Used in Gothic style Gable Window - A triangular window top that is shaped like a gable or traceryGothic windows. Revival The number Styles of foilsand is indicatedothers. by a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three (glass fiber reinforced concrete) or GFRP (architectural lobes), quatrefoil (4 lobes), cinquefoil, sexfoil, multifoil. Found in Gothic and pediment. Gothic Revival Styles and others. fiberglass) is the cornice that is used at the gable. Quatrefoil Medallion Gable Window Gargoyle - A grotesque figure, projecting from a building. A gargoyle may French Renaissance Style A triangular window top functionthat is shaped as a like waterspout a gable or or be purely decorative. Found in the Gothic, Queen The French version of pediment. Ann and Tudor Styles of architecture. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass the Renaissance style, Gable Window - A triangulargargoyles window are top available that is shaped as stock like aand gable cust or om designs. Generally attached with the architectural style pediment. Gargoyle threaded rods. developed in early 15th A grotesque figure, projecting from a building. A century Italy and spread to Gargoylegargoyle may - A grotesque function as figure, a waterspout projecting or from be purelya building. A gargoyle may France during the rebirth functiondecorative. as a Found waterspout in the or be Gothic, purely Queen decorative. Ann Found and in the Gothic, Queen (rinascimento) of classical AnnTudor and Styles Tudor of Styles architecture. of architecture. GFRC and GFRC Architectural and Architectural Fiberglass art and architecture. gargoylesFiberglass aregargoyles available are as available stock and as custstockom and designs. custom Generally attached with Quatrefoil medallion Heavily influenced by Vitruvius’s Treatise on threadeddesigns. Generally rods. attached with threaded rods. Architecture, originally written in the time of Augustus, and later published in Rome in 1486. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) is uniquely suited to the replication of Renaissance style architectural elements. Renaissance style GFRC, columns,French capitals,Renaissance fireplace style - The French version of the Renaissance style, the architectural style developed in early 15th century Italy and spread to France mantles, balustrade, ceilings, gardenduring the urns rebirth and (rinascimento planters, ) of classical art and architecture. etc are available as stock patterns, or able to be custom Heavily influenced by Vitruvius’s Treatise on Architecture, originally written in produced. the time of Augustus, and later published in Rome in 1486. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) is uniquely suited to the replication of Renaissance style Folly architectural elements. Renaissance style GFRC, columns, capitals, fireplace mantles, balustrade, ceilings, garden urns and planters, etc are available as stock A term of endearment for a structurepatterns, that or able is functionally to be custom produced. Gargoyle in useless but designed for visualFolly interest - A termor effect, of endearment such as for a structure that is functionally useless but architectural a false ruin in a garden or a gazebodesigned that for visualis designed interest orto effect, such as a false ruin in a gardenGargoyle or a gazebo fiberglassin architectural (GFRP) fiberglass (GFRP) that is designed to complete a garden vista or scene. complete a garden vista or scene. Garland Gargoyle in architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Fret - A type of running ornamentA consisting decoration of repeated and of symmetrical Fret figures, often in relief, contained withsuspendedin a band flowers,or border. fruit,Old French: “fret” meaning grating. A type of running ornament consisting of repeated and foliage, ribbons, etc. symmetrical figures, often in Friezerelief, - containedThe middle sectionwithin of a the found entablature. in the Above Beaux the Artsarchitrave and below band or border. Old French: “fret”the cornice. meaning grating. Style, Colonial Revival, Adam style, Federal Frieze style and others. Also The middle section of the known as a festoon or entablature. Above the swag. Garland may be architrave and below the incorporated into GFRC cornice. (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) elements such as door Jungle Frieze in architectural heads, planters, panels, fiberglass. Siegfried and Roy Gargoylecartouches, Finial etc. in GFRC andGargoyle cast Finial stone in GFRC and cast Garden Mirage Las Vegas. Gargoylestone Finial in GFRC and cast stone Jungle FriezeStromberg in architectural Architectural fiberglass. Siegfried Products and Roy Garden Mirage Las Vegas www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Garland - A decoration of suspended flowers, fruit, foliage, ribbons, etc. found Gable - Known as the pediment in Classical architecture. The gable is the triangular portion of the wall, betweenin the the Beaux enclosing Arts lines Style, of a sloping Colonial roof. Revival, Gable Adam style, Federal style and others. cornice in GFRC (glass fiber reinforcAlsoed knownconcrete) as or aGFRP festoon (architectural orGarland swag. Garland - A decoration may be incorporated of suspended into GFRC flowers, (glass fruit, foliage, ribbons, etc. found fiberglass) is the cornice that is used at the gable. in the Beaux Arts Style, Colonial Revival, Adam style, Federal style and others. Also known as a festoon or swag. Garland may be incorporated into GFRC (glass Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) fiberGazebo reinforced - Gothic Revival concrete) and GFRPGlossary (archi of Architecturaltectural Terms fiberglass) elements such as Page 35 door heads, planters, panels, cartouches, etc. Gazebo Gibbs Surround A small garden house, normally round or polygonal A window or door surround with rusticated alternating Gazeboin plan, designed - A small for providing garden ahouse, view. GFRC normally (glass roundlarge and or smallpolygonal blocks in of plan, stone. designed Named after the forfiber providing reinforced a view. concrete) GFRC and (glass GFRP fiber (architectural reinforced Scottish architect concrete) James and Gibbs GFRP (1682-1754,) considered (architecturalfiberglass) gazebos fiberglass) typically gazebos feature typiGFRCcally columns, featureby many GFRCto be the columns, most influential a GFRC church or architect in a GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass entablature and London during the early 18th century. Architecturala GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass Fiberglass entablature dome or and roof. a GFRC or Architectural fiberglass dome orGazebos roof. areGazebos sometimes are referred sometimes to as a garden referred house to Gothicas a garden Architecture house or summerhouse. or summerhouse. The architectural style of the high middle ages in Western Europe. Typified by the great cathedrals, characterized by their flying buttresses, ribbed vaults, tracery, pointed arches, rose windows, etc.

Gothic Revival The style of architecture following the forms and spirit of Gothic architecture. GFRP (architectural fiberglass) andGothic GFRC architecture (glass fiber reinforced- The architectural concrete) style architectural of the high middle ages in elementsWestern Europe. for Gothic Typified revival by architecture the great ca includethedrals, GFRC characterized by their flying ashlarbuttresses, masonry, ribbed GFRP vaults, and tracery,GFRC battlements, pointed arches, decorative rose windows, etc. brackets,Gothic revival foliated - The ornaments, style of architecture finials, hood following moldings, the forms and spirit of pinnacles,Gothic architecture. Crockets, GFRP rose (architec windows,tural pointed fiberglass) arches, and GFRC (glass fiber quatrefoils,reinforced concrete) trefoils and architectural turrets. Gothic elements revival for chimneys Gothic revival architecture ofteninclude feature GFRC ashlar high, ornamentalmasonry, GFRP chimney and GFRC stacks battlements, and decorative brackets, foliated ornaments, finials, hood moldings, pinnacles, Crockets, rose chimney pots. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) windows, pointed arches, quatrefoils, trefoils and turrets. Gothic revival andchimneys GFRP often (architectural feature high, fiberglass) ornamental rose chimney windows stacks and and chimney pots. lancetGFRC (glasswindows fiber as reinforced well as various concrete) types an dof GFRP tracery (architectural are fiberglass) rose alsowindows produced, and lancet as well windows as glass as fiber well reinforcedas various typesconcrete of tracery are also Gothicproduced, columns, as well Gothicas glass arches fiber reinforced and even gargoyles.concrete gothic columns, gothic arches and even gargoyles.

Georgian Style GeorgianThe dominant Style style of - architecture The dominant in England style during of architecture in England during the 18th century,the 18th century, named named Georgian Georgian after after thethe reigns of of the three King Georges from 1714 to 1820.the three King Georges from 1714 to 1820. Inspired by the ideals of Andrea Palladio (1508-80)and Inspiredroman classical by the architecture ideals of popularized Andrea Palladio by Robert (1508-80)and roman classical architectureAdam (1728-1792). popularized In the USA, by Georgian Robert is Adam similar (1728-1792). In the USA, Georgian is to and is also referred to as Federal. In New England, similarColonial architectureto and is alsois also referred referred to toas “Georgian”.as Federal. In New England, Colonial architectureGFRC (glass fiber is also reinforced referred concrete) to as “Geo is rgian.”.uniquely GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)suited to the isreplication uniquely of Georgian suited tostyle the architectural replication of Georgian style architectural elements,elements, including including Georgian Georgian style GFRC, style columns,GFRC, columns, capitals, fireplace mantles, cornice,capitals, fireplace entryways, mantles, window cornice, entryways,and door window surrounds, balustrade, ceilings, garden and door surrounds, balustrade, ceilings, garden urnsurns and and planters, planters, cupolas, cupolas, domes, domes, dormers, dormer quoins, s, quoins, porticos, keystones, etc. Gothic revival style facade in architectural fiberglass Gibbsporticos, Surroundkeystones, etc. - A window or door surroundGothic revivalwith stylerusticated façade in alternatingarchitectural fiberglass large and small blocks of stone. NamedStromberg after Architectural the Scottish Products architect James Gibbs (1682- Grapevine - A type of ornament either running or enclosed usually consisting 1754),www.4stromberg.com considered by many to be the most903.454.0904 influentialof the grape vinechurch with leaves, architect [email protected] clus inters London of grapes. Used as a decorative during the early 18th century. element for cornices and interior moldings. Greek key - Also known as Greek fret. A running ornament that resembles the head of an old-fashioned skeleton key, and usually formed bands and moldings arranged in rectangular forms. The Greek key pattern is frequently used in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornice, molding and door surrounds in the Greek revival style. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Grapevine - Hearth Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 36

Grapevine Guilloche A type of ornament either running or enclosed usually Type of ornament consisting of circular openings created consisting of the grape vine with leaves, and clusters of by two or more curved bands overlapping each other grapes. Used as a decorative element for cornices and in a continuous series. Guilloche details in GFRC and interior moldings. Architectural Fiberglass are generally used in cornice, banding or moldings. Greek Key Also known as Greek fret. A running ornament that Half Baluster resembles the head of an old-fashioned skeleton key, When a balustrade connects to a wall, pier or plinth, a and usually formed bands and moldings arranged in half baluster may be used. Also known as an engaged rectangular forms. The Greek key pattern is frequently baluster. used in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornice, molding and Half Column door surrounds in the Greek revival style. Column that is engaged to wall projects from the wall by about one half its diameter. GFRC (glass fiber Greek Revival Style reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Style architecture based on ancient Greek forms in half columns are available in all of the classical orders architecture such as the Greek orders (Doric, Ionic and (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian) is will is custom Corinthian). Buildings in the Greek revival style were column styles and sizes. generally rectangular in shape or a combination of rectangles. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass elements Head produced the Greek revival style include raked cornice, The head is the top horizontal cross member of a door, classical pediments, anthemion, dentils and egg and window, fireplace surround or other opening. Window dart molding. Greek revival style columns in GFRC Headand - Thedoor head heads is the top in horizontal GFRC croandss member Architectural of a door, window, Fiberglass fireplace (glass fiber and first concrete) and GFRP (Architectural surroundmay be or otherplain opening. or ornamented. Window and door heads in GFRC and Architectural Greek revival style - Style architecture based on ancient Greek forms in Fiberglass may be plain or ornamented. architecture suchFiberglass) as the Greek include orders round (Doric, or Ionic square and columns Corinthian). especially Buildings in the Greek revivalDoric style columns, were generally Ionic re columnsctangular and in shape Corinthian or a combination columns. of rectangles. GFRCGreek and Architectural revival style Fi berglass entryways elements in GFRC produced (glass the Greek fiber revival style includereinforced raked cornice,concrete) classi andcal GFRP pediments, (architectural anthemion, fiberglass) dentils and egg and dart molding.generally Greek wide revival and imposingstyle columns and in framed GFRC (glassby pilasters fiber and or first concrete) and GFRP (Architectural Fiberglass) include round or square columns especially Doricengaged columns, columns. Ionic columns and Corinthian columns. Greek revival style entryways in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass)Grille generally wide and imposing and framed by pilasters or engaged columns.A grating or pierced panel, used to cover, decorate Grille - A gratingor protector pierced an panel, opening. used to GFRCcover, decorate (glass fiber or protect reinforced an opening. GFRC (glass fiberconcrete) reinforced and concrete) GFRP an (architecturald GFRP (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) grilles grilles (or grills) can be(or produced grills) canin a variety be produced of sizes and in ashapes. variety of sizes and shapes.

Groin Vault Formed by two barrel vaults intersecting. The groin is the Hearth edge or ridge where the two HearthThe part- The part of of the the fireplace floor that floor extends intothat the room.extends GFRC into(glass the fiber reinforced concrete) being noncombustible, makes an ideal material for a vaults intersect. GFRC (glass fireplaceroom. hearth. GFRC When used (glass as a fiberhearth, glass reinforced fiber reinforced concrete)concrete is being fiber reinforced concrete) being typicallynoncombustible, cast solid or has ribbing makes added an toideal the underside. material The for hearth a fireplace is buttered full with mortar, and is set in a full mortar bed. hearth. When used as a hearth, glass fiber reinforced relatively light and moldable, is Hearthstone - The stone or stone like part of the fireplace floor that extends a perfectly suitable material for intoconcrete the room. isSynonymous typically with cast hearth solid although or hasa hearthstone ribbing typically added refers to tothe a one underside. piece stone or The(GFRC) hearth hearth. Whenis buttered used as a hearth,full with glass fibermortar, the production of barrel vaults reinforced concrete is typically cast solid or has ribbing added to the underside. and groined vaults. Theand hearth is setis buttered in a fullfull with mortar mortar bed., and is set in a full mortar bed. High relief - A type of bas-relief were the sculpted or molded figures project to Groined vault - Formed by two barrel vaults intersecting.Stromberg The groin is Architectural the edgea larger degree Products from the background plane. Also known as alto-relievo. For the or ridge where the twowww.4stromberg.com vaults intersect. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)903.454.0904reproduction of bas-relief in glass fiber [email protected] concrete or architectural being relatively light and moldable, is a perfectly suitable material for the fiberglass, a model is produced in clay, wood or plaster. A mold is then made using silicone rubber and a hard shell of fiberglass. Once the mold is removed production of barrel vaults and groined vaults. from the model, the GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass are cast. Depending on the Guilloche - Type of ornament consisting of circular openings created by twosize or of the glass fiber reinforced concrete or GFRP bas relief, a metal armature on the interior, generally galvanized or stainless steel, may be cast in. The casting is more curved bands overlapping each other in a continuous series. Guilloche details in GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass are generally used in cornice, banding or moldings. Half Baluster - When a balustrade connects to a wall, pier or plinth, a half baluster may be used. Also known as an engaged baluster. Half column - Column that is engaged to wall projects from the wall by about one half its diameter. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) half columns are available in all of the classical orders (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian) is will is custom column styles and sizes. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Hearthstone - Ionic Capital Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 37

Hearthstone Hood Molding The stone or stone like part of the fireplace floor that Protecting molding over a door or window, usually extends into the room. Synonymous with hearth intended to direct rainwater from the face of the wall. although a hearthstone typically refers to a one piece The term hood molding is generally used when the stone or (GFRC) hearth. When used as a hearth, glass molding is arched and is known as a label molding if it fiber reinforced concrete is typically cast solid or has extends horizontally above the opening. Typical of the ribbing added to the underside. The hearth is buttered Chateau, English country, and Italianate Styles. full with mortar, and is set in a full mortar bed. Horseshoe Arch High Relief A rounded arch consisting of more than half a circle, A type of bas-relief were the sculpted or molded figures so that the widest span of the arch is larger than the project to a larger degree from the background plane. opening at the bottom of the arch. Also known as alto-relievo. For the reproduction of bas- relief in glass fiber reinforced concrete or architectural Impost fiberglass, a model is produced in clay, wood or plaster. A decorative element found at the spring point of an A mold is then made using silicone rubber and a hard arch. shell of fiberglass. Once the mold is removed from the model, the GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass are cast. Intercolumniation Depending on the size of the glass fiber reinforced The clear span between two adjacent columns in a concrete or GFRP bas relief, a metal armature on the row of columns. Measured at the base of the column interior, generally galvanized or stainless steel, may be shafts. If the space is 1 ½ column diameters it is known thencast in. sandThe casting blasted is then or sand acid blasted washed or acid washed to remo as vepycnostyle. the cement If the space film is fromtwo column the surfacediameters isof theto remove glass the fiber cement reinforced film from the concretesurface of the and glass to known obtain as systyle. the desired 2 ¼ column finish. diameters is known as fiber reinforced concrete and to obtain the desired eustyle. Column spacing of three column diameters is Honeysucklefinish. Ornament known as diastyle. And column spacing of four column diameters is known as areostyle.

Honeysuckle Ornament Hood - Horizontal element or covering above a door or window that provides Hood shadeHorizontal or elementshelter or or covering a decorative above a element. door or Above a fireplace or cooking area, the hoodwindow is that a providescovering shade over or shelter the fireplaceor a decorative or grIonicill thatCapital diverts smoke up the chimney. element. Above a fireplace or cooking area, the hood is The column capital of the Ionic order. The volutes on Hooda coveringmolding over the fireplace - Protecting or grill that moldingdiverts smoke over Ionicthis columna orderdoor capital or- One window, resemble of the fivea usuallystylized orders form intended of ofcla rams’ssical to architecture. The Ionic Order directup the chimney. rainwater from the face of the watakesll.horns The itsor nautilustermname hoodfrom shells. Ionia, molding the Greek is generally name for those parts of Asia Minor which used when the molding is arched and iswere known settled as bya label people molding of Greek originif it extends (now modern day Turkey). The curls or horizontally above the opening. Typical“volutes” of the Chateau on its capital , English resemble country, rams’ horns, and but may have been derived from Stromberg Architecturalother natural Products spirals, from the nautilus, the lotus flower or seashells. Italianatewww.4stromberg.com Styles. 903.454.0904 [email protected] To the ancient Greeks, the slim proportions and elegance of the Ionic Column Horseshoe arch - A rounded arch consistingrepresented of mothe femalere than form, half while a circle, the s turdinessso that and simpler details of the Doric the widest span of the arch is larger thanColumn the opening represented at the the bottommale. of the arch. Impost - A decorative element found atIonic the columns spring pointwere widely of an used arch. by the Romans, and the style was adapted and used by Robert Adams. Ionic columns are found in architecture of the Classical Intercolumniation - The clear span betweenStyle, Adams two Style, adjacent Federal columns Style, Neo in Classical a row of style into the present. columns. Measured at the base of the colIonicumn columns shafts. are If typically the space slender, is 1 at½ 8 columnto 12 diameters in height (a 1’ diameter diameters it is known as pycnostyle. If thecolumn space would is two be 8’ column to 12’ tall). diameters GFRC (Glass is Fiber Reinforced Concrete) and known as systyle. 2 ¼ column diametersGFRP is known (architectural as eustyle. fiberglass) Column Ionic spacingcolumns areof available from stock molds in three column diameters is known as diascolumntyle. And shaft columnsizes of even spacing diameter of four (12”, column14”, 16” etc.). Column shafts may be diameters is known as areostyle. made in halves to wrap a structural member or made in stacking sections. Column shafts may also be one piece if they are small enough to be transported. Ionic capital - The column capital of the Ionic order. The volutes on this column capital resemble a stylized form of rams’ horns or nautilus shells. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Ionic Order - Jeffersonian Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 38

Ionic Order Italianate Style One of the five orders of classical architecture. The Style architecture influenced by Italian villas. GFRC Ionic Order takes its name from Ionia, the Greek name (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural for those parts of Asia Minor which were settled by fiberglass) Italianate elements include columns, people of Greek origin (now modern day Turkey). The balustrade, belt courses, balustraded balconies, curls or “volutes” on its capital resemble rams’ horns, projecting cornices with decorative brackets and corner but may have been derived from other natural spirals, quoins. Roof cupolas, belvedere and domes, brackets from the nautilus, the lotus flower or seashells. and other Italianate GFRC and GFRP elements are To the ancient Greeks, the slim proportions and elegance available. of the Ionic Column represented the female form, while the sturdiness and simpler details of the Doric Column Italian Renaissance Revival represented the male. Architectural style influenced by the Renaisance Ionic columns were widely used by the Romans, and palazzi of Italy. Appropriate GFRC and Architectural the style was adapted and used by Robert Adams. Ionic Fiberglass elements include an elaborate belt course columns are found in architecture of the Classical Style, between stories, rusticated corner quoins, pilasters and Adams Style, Federal Style, Neo Classical style into the a large cornice. Rounded arches, balcony balustrade present. and frequently rooftop balusters and balustrade are also Ionic columns are typically slender, at 8 to 12 diameters featured. Door and window surrounds often featured in height (a 1’ diameter column would be 8’ to 12’ pedimented heads. tall). GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Ionic columns are available Jack Arch from stock molds in column shaft sizes of even diameter The Jack arch is the same as a flat arch. (12”, 14”, 16” etc.). Column shafts may be made in halves to wrap a structural member or made in stacking Jamb sections. Column shafts may also be one piece if they Jamb is the name for one of the vertical members on are small enough to be transported. either side of a door, window or fireplace surround.

Tuscan order, Roman Ionic and Corinthian orders. Dentils, triglyphs, fireplace surrounds, door surrounds, moldings, cornice, fireplace mantles and balustrade. Keystone - The wedge-shaped block at the top center of an Jeffersonianarch. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass keystones may be plain or embellished. Also known as Jeffersonian classicism or the Jeffersonian style, is a style architecture based on architecture of Thomas Jefferson. It features many elements of the classical revival style. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) elements that are available in the classical revival style include triangular pediments, columns in the Doric or Tuscan (continued on next page)

Italianate style - Style architecture influencedStromberg by Architectural Italian villas. Products GFRC (glass fiber reinforcedwww.4stromberg.com concrete) and GFRP (architectural903.454.0904 fiberglass) Italianate elements [email protected] include columns, balustrade, belt courses, balustraded balconies, projecting cornices with decorative brackets and corner quoins. Roof cupolas, belvedere and domes, brackets and other Italianate GFRC and GFRP elements are available. Italian Renaissance revival - Architectural style influenced by the Renaisance palazzi of Italy. Appropriate GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass elements include an elaborate belt course between stories, rusticated corner quoins, pilasters and a large cornice. Rounded arches, balcony balustrade and frequently rooftop balusters and balustrade are also featured. Door and window surrounds often featured pedimented heads. Jack arch - The Jack arch is the same as a flat arch. Label molding - An exterior horizontal molding, generally above a window or Jamb - Jamb is the name for one of the vertical membersdoor, on either used side to directof a rainwater from the face of the wall and the opening below. door, window or fireplace surround. Lancet arch - A pointed, Gothic style arch. Jeffersonian - Also known as Jeffersonian classicism or the Jeffersonian style, is a style architecture based on architecture of Thomas Jefferson. It features many elements of the classical revival style. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (Architectural Fiberglass) elements that are available in the classical revival style include triangular pediments, columnsLancet in the arches Doric or Lancet window - A narrow window shaped like a Lancet arch. Tuscan order, Roman Ionic and Corinthian orders. Dentils, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete triglyphs,(GFRC) and fireplace Glass Fiber surrounds, Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) door surrounds, moldings, Jeffersonian - Light Cove Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 39 cornice, fireplace mantles and Jeffersonian - continued balustrade.Light Cove order, Roman Ionic and Corinthian orders. Dentils,Keystone A -molding The wedge-shaped with a recess for concealed lighting. triglyphs, fireplace surrounds, door surrounds, moldings,block at the top center of an arch.cornice, GFRC fireplace and Architectural mantles and Fiberglass balustrade. keystones may be plain or embellished.

Keystone The wedge-shaped block at the top center of an arch. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass keystones may be Labelplain ormolding embellished. - An exterior horizontal molding, generally above a window or door, used to direct rainwater from the face of the wall and the opening below. Label Molding Lancet arch - A pointed, Gothic style arch. An exterior horizontal molding, generally above a window or door, used to direct rainwater from the face of the wall and the opening below. Column in architectural fiberglass with a GFRG capital and GFRG light cove. Lancet arches Column in inarchitectural architectural fiberglass fiberglass with a withGFRG acapital GFRG and capital GFRG and GFRG light cove. Lancet Arch Lancet window - A narrow window shaped like a Lancetlight arch. cove. A pointed, Gothic style arch.

Lancet Window A narrow window shaped like a Lancet arch.

Exterior GFRC light cove

Exterior GFRC LancetLancet WindowsWindows light cove

Stromberg Architectural Products Light Cove-www.4stromberg.com A molding with a recess for concealed lighting.903.454.0904 [email protected] GFRC light cove

Lintel - A horizontal shape above the door or window opening. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) lintels are not structural in and of themselves, but are used to wrap and protect steel or concrete structural lintels. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Lintel - Pavillion Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 40

Lintel Neoclassical Style A horizontal shape above the door or window opening. A reinterpretation of classical Greek and Roman GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP architecture. Neoclassical style includes Classical (architectural fiberglass) lintels are not structural in and revival style, Greek revival style and Federal style. of themselves, but are used to wrap and protect steel or Characteristics of the neoclassical style include large concrete structural lintels. porticos and columns of the Greek and Roman orders. Columns and pilasters of the Corinthian, Ionic and Doric order. Neoclassical Style - A reinterpretation of classical Greek and Roman architecture. Neoclassical style includes Classical revival style, Greek revival style and Federal style. Characteristics of the neoclassical style include large porticos andOrder columns of the Greek and Roman orders. Columns and pilasters of the CorinthianIn classical , Ionic and Greek Doric order. architecture the orders are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. OrderThe Romans- In classical addedGreek architecture the Tuscan the orders and are Doric, Composite. Ionic, Corinthian Each The Romans added the Tuscan and Composite. Each order caries its own entablature,order carries column its and own entablature, column and base.

Loggia - An elaborate gallery or porch that is either connected to or contained inside a larger structure. It is either colonnaded or arcaded and usually placed in Ana prominent elaborate location. Loggias gallery are open or to theporch outside onthat at least is one either side, to connected provide a protected outdoor rest area. When colonnaded loggias are open on only toone side, or they contained typically feature insidepilasters on the a oposite larger wall. structure.Loggias may feature It is either balusters between the columns. GFRC columns for Loggias are available in all the colonnadedclassical orders including or tuscan arcaded columns, doric columns, and ionic usually columns and placed in a prominentcorinthian columns and location. with smooth or Loggias fluted columns are shafts. open to the outside onMolding at least one side, to provide a protected outdoor rest area. When colonnaded loggias are open on only one side, they typically feature pilasters on the Palladian Window opposite wall. Loggias may feature balusters between Palladian Window - Style of window that consists of three parts: A large the columns. GFRC columns for Loggias are available archedStyle top of central window window thatwith two consists smaller rectangular of three windows parts: on either A large side usuallyarched toped top by central lintels. window with two smaller rectangular in all the classical orders including Tuscan columns, Palm Capital - A type of column capital that resembles the crown of a palm Doric columns, Ionic columns and Corinthian columns tree.windows on either side usually toped by lintels. Pavilion - 1. An ornamented structure in the garden. 2. It detached or semi and with smooth or fluted columns shafts. detached structure used for specialized activities or entertainment, at a park, a fairPalm or event. Capital 3. A pronounced structure projecting from the building façade. Molding A type of column capital that resembles the crown of a palm tree.

Pavilion 1. An ornamented structure in the garden. 2. A detached or semi detached structure used for specialized activities or entertainment, at a park, a fair or event. 3. A pronounced structure projecting from the building facade. Pedestal - In classical architecture the pedestal was the support for the columns, and consists of three parts the cornice or cap; the central dado; and the base or plinth. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] - A triangular shaped gable consisting of a tympanum with raked cornices on either side. In classical architecture the pediment was the low triangular gable, usually above a door, a window, or crowning a portico.

Pendant drop - A suspended carved element. Pendentive - The curved transition wall surface between a dome, or a dome drum, and the wall below. Pentastyle - A portico with five columns. Pergola - An open garden structure designed for the support of climbing plants. Design with regularly spaced columns or post. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Pedestal - Plinth Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 41

Pedestal Peristyle In classical architecture the pedestal was the support A colonnaded walkway surrounding the exterior of the for the columns, and consists of three parts the cornice building or an open area. or cap; the central dado; and the base or plinth. Pilaster PedestalPediment - In classical architecture the pedestal was the support for theA flat column or pillar, attached to a wall. columns, A triangular and consists shaped of gablethree parts consisting the cornice of a or tympanum cap; the central with dado; and the baseraked or plinth. cornices on either side. In classical architecture Pedimentthe pediment - A triangular was theshaped low gable triangular consisting gable,of a tympanum usually with raked cornices on either side. In classical architecture the pediment was the low triangularabove a gable, door, usually a window, above a or door crowning, a window, a orportico. crowning a portico.

Pendant Drop Pendant drop - A suspended carved element. A suspended carved element. Pendentive - The curved transition wall surface between a dome, or a dome drum, and the wall below. PentastylePendentive - A portico with five columns. The curved transition wall surface between a dome, or Pergola - An open garden structure designed for the support of climbing plants. a dome drum, and the wall below. Architectural Fiberglass Corinthian pilaster Design with regularly spaced columns or post. Architectural Fiberglass Corinthian pilaster Pentastyle Pineapple Ornament The carved element that resembles a pineapple or a A portico with five columns. Pineapple ornament - The carved element that resembles a pineapple or a pinepine cone. cone. Pineapple Pineapple ornaments ornaments are are said said to to be be the the symbol of hospitality. Pergola Pineapplesymbol of hospitality.ornaments Pineapple are used asornaments finials fo arer gates used or as pier caps, or over doorways. An open garden finials for gates or pier caps, or over doorways. structure designed for Pinnacle - A tapered upright structure rising from the roof of a building or used as a finial. the support of climbing Pinnacle plants. Design with PlaqueA tapered - Inscribed upright structure tablet fixed rising to fromthe surface the roof of a of wall. a regularly spaced Plinthbuilding - orThe used bottom as a finial. most square or rectangular base of a column, pilaster columns or post. pedestal or pier. PolychromedPlaque - 1. Masonry pattern of contrasting colors, such as horizontal bandsInscribed across tablet the fixed façade to theor banded surface archesof a wall., windows or doorways. 2. Surface made up of a variety of colors to emphasize the difference between various elements. PortePlinth cochère - The covered entry way for an automobile to protect the people The bottom most square or rectangular base of a Pergola with climbing arriving by vehicle from inclement weather. roses column, pilaster pedestal or pier. Pergola with climbing roses Stromberg Architectural Products

www.4stromberg.comPeristyle - A colonnaded walkway surrounding903.454.0904 the exterior of the building or [email protected] an open area. Pilaster - A flat column or pillar, attached to a wall. Prairie style - A uniquely American architectural style, associated worth the works of Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan.

Q Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) andPrairie Glass style Fiber - AReinforced uniquely American Polymer architectural(GFRP) style, associated worth the Polychromed - Quoin Glossary of ArchitecturalworksQuatrefoil of Frank Terms - LloydA four Wright lobed, andclover Louis shaped Sullivan. pattern, most Pagecommon 42 in Gothic, Venetian, and Gothic revival architecture Polychromed Q 1. Masonry pattern of contrasting colors, such as horizontal bands across the facade or banded arches, Quatrefoil - A four lobed, clover shaped pattern, most common in Gothic, Venetian, and Gothic revival architecture windows or doorways. 2. Surface made up of a variety of colors to emphasize the difference between various elements.

Porte Cochère The covered entry way for an automobile to protect the people arriving by vehicle from inclement weather.

WindowWindow surround surround in in glass glass fiber fiber reinforced reinforced stone stone byby StrombergStromberg Quoin - Stone set at the external corner of a building, used to accentuate corner.

Quoin WindowStone setsurround at the in external glass fiber corner reinforced of a stone building, by Stromberg used to Quoinaccentuate - Stone corner. set at the external corner of a building, used to accentuate corner.

Portico ArchitecturalCovered entrance fiberglass with ceiling a roof medallion supported in artby decocolumns, style Porticoand usually - Covered with entrance a withpediment a roof supp above.orted by columns, and usually with a pediment above.

Prairie Style A uniquely American architectural style, associated worth the works of Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan.

Quatrefoil A four lobed, clover shaped pattern, most common in Gothic, Venetian, and Gothic revival architecture.

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]

Rain screen - A cladding method designed to minimize rain water intrusion into walls. The GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass rain screen systems combine a vented exterior cladding, an air cavity / drainage layer and a water resistant support wall. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Rain Screen - Segmental Arch Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 43

Rain Screen Rope Molding A cladding method designed to minimize rain water The molding carved or shaped to resemble a twisted intrusion into walls. The GFRC and Architectural rope. Fiberglass rain screen systems combine a vented exterior cladding, an air cavity / drainage layer and a Rosette water resistant support wall. Square or round pattern with a central floral motif.

Rotunda The circular space in a building, especially when covered by a dome.

Round Dormer A dormer with a circular window.

Roundel Circular window, panel or decorative element.

Running Ornament Running ornament refers to any ornaments in which the design is repetitive and continuous.

Rusticated Stone Type of stone masonry with strongly emphasized recessed joints. Each individual masonry unit may have its edges chamfered or otherwise tooled to accentuate the joints.

Scallop Series with continuous curves, made up of semi circular segments and resembling the shell of the scallop.

RafterRafter Tail tail - The rafter tail is the external part of the Rafter thatScotia overhangs the Thewall at rafter the eaves. tail is the external part of the Rafter that Deep concave shaped molding. Especially refers to the overhangsRaked - Term the usedwall toat describethe eaves. a cornice or a molding that is inclined.concave For shape of a classical column base. example the raked cornice of a triangular pediment. RakedReturn - The right-angle turn of a molding. A cast stone moldingScroll with a return is Termone that used makes to describea right angle a cornice turn back or to a the molding wall as athat way is of terminatingA spiral formed the ornamental shape, either as part of a inclined.molding. For example the raked cornice of a triangular running ornament, or as part of a volute as on an Ionic pediment.Reveal - The exposed edge portion of molding between its outercapital face andor bracket. a groove or opening, such as a window or door. ReturnRope molding - The molding carved or shaped to resemble aSecond twisted rope.Empire Style The right-angle turn of a molding. A cast stone molding An architectural style named after the French second Rosette - Square or round pattern with a central floral motif with a return is one that makes a right angle turn back Empire of Napoleon III. Rotunda - The circular space in a building, especially when covered by a dome. to the wall as a way of terminating the molding. Round dormer - A dormer with a circular window. Segmental Arch RevealRoundel - Circular window, panel or decorative element. An arch where the head is less than a full half circle, The exposed edge portion of molding between its outer but is only a segment of a circle. Historically, segmental face and a groove or opening, such as a window or arches are most often found in Georgian style, Italianate door. style, Spanish colonial and Federal style architecture.

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Segmental Dormer - Springer Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 44

Segmental Dormer Spandrel A dormer with an arched roof. The name is derived from 1. In modern high-rise construction, the wall panel the dormers roof being a segment of a circle. located between the top of one window at one story and the bottom of the window above it at the next story. Segmental Pediment Can be made of GFRC, architectural fiberglass, stone, A pediment above a roof or window which has a metal, or glass. 2. The triangular shaped area between rounded top, in other words, a segment of a circle. Also two arches or between an arch and a wall. known as a curved pediment. Spanish Colonial Architecture (American) Semicircular Arch The architectural style of the Spanish missions, and An arch with a semicircular head. settlements of the American Southwest. Also known as Mission Architecture. Common architectural elements Semicircular Fanlight include columns, domes, canales (water spouts through A fanlight, semicircular in shape, usually over the main the roof parapet,) vigas, carved rafter tails and low relief entry door. carved door surrounds and window surrounds. Other features sometimes used are decorative cornices and Semicircular Window corbels and columns and pilasters along a long covered A window with a semicircular head or a window having portale (porch) or arcade, balconies and loggias. the shape of a semicircle. Spiral Stair Simielliptical Arch A stairway with approximately wedge-shaped treads, An arch in the shape of half of an ellipse. circular in plan. Also known as a helical stair, circular stair or caracole. Sexfoil In tracery, a window or foil with six cusps. From the Spire French word “foil” meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped curve Any tall slender pointed roof element. Spires or steeples or lobe, formed between points called cusps inside an may be architectural fiberglass or GFRC. Spires are arch or circle. Used in Gothic style tracery windows. generally of one piece construction or made in segments Also in fountain pools having the sexfoil shape in for bolting to the structure. The architectural fiberglass plan. or GFRC skin wraps a steel framework.

Shell-headed Splayed Lintel An architectural element that resembles half a scallop A lintel with a top shell, used as the head of a niche, or as a decorative dimension larger than the element. bottom dimension, so that each end slants upwards Sill Course away from the center line A banding that wraps a building horizontally at the of the window. height of the window sills. Springer Soffit Also known as the springing The underside of point is the place where any architectural the arch begins and were component that the curved arch rests on the is overhead, vertical support below. The including the Springer is also the term for exposed underside the first or lowest voussoirs of a beam, arch, or stones of an arch. balcony, lintel or cornice. Spandrel - 1. In modern high-rise construction, the wall panel located betweenthe top of one window at one story and the bottom of the window above it at the next story. Can be made of GFRC, architectural fiberglass, stone, metal, Stromberg Architectural Products or glass. 2. The triangular shaped area between two arches or between an arch Splayed lintel - A lintel with a top dimension larger than the bottom and a wall. www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904dimension, so that each end slants upwards away [email protected] the center line of the

Spanish Colonial architecture (American) - The architectural style of the window. Spanish missions, and settlements of the American Southwest. Also known as Mission Architecture. Common architectural elements include columns, domes, canales (water spouts through the roof parapet), vigas, carved rafter tails and low Springer - Also known as the springing point is the place where the arch begins relief carved door surrounds and window surrounds. Other features sometimes and were the curved arch rests on the vertical support below. The Springer is also used are decorative cornices and corbels and columns and pilasters along a long covered portale (porch) or arcade, balconies and loggias. the term for the first or lowest voussoirs or stones of an arch.

Spiral stair - A stairway with approximately wedge-shaped treads, circular in plan. Also known as a helical stair, circular stair or caracole. Stair bracket - The decorative detail at the end of each step in a stairway.

Spire - Any tall slender pointed roof element. Spires or steeples may be architectural fiberglass or GFRC. Spires are generally of one piece construction or Standing seam. A raised rib at roofing panels or dome Segments. made in segments for bolting to the structure. The architectural fiberglass or GFRC skin wraps a steel framework. Steeple - A tall slender structure, generally above a church tower or a cupola. Usually topped by a small spire or cross. Steeples may be GFRP (architectural fiberglass) or GFRC. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Stair Bracket - Terra•Cotta Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 45

Stair Bracket Supercolumniation The decorative detail at the end of each step in a Also known as superposition, refers to the placing stairway. of one order of classical columns above another. For example Doric columns at the first floor and Ionic at Standing Seam the second floor directly above them. A raised rib at roofing panels or dome Segments. Surround Steeple Frame or decorative element around a doorway, a A tall slender structure, generally above a church tower window or a fireplace. See door surround, fireplace or a cupola. Usually topped by a small spire or cross. surround or window surround. Steeples may be GFRP (architectural fiberglass) or GFRC. Swag A decorative element representing a garland of ribbons, draped fabric, flowers or fruit, appearing to be tied at the end and draping down in the middle.

Swan’s-neck Pediment A pediment with a sloping S-shaped element on either side. The name comes from the S-shaped pediment tops that are somewhat similar to the necks two swans facing each other.

Terra-Cotta Architectural terra-cotta is a Clay which is been molded and shape, fired in a kiln and glazed. Terra-cotta was used as a facing on buildings in America mostly from

Swan’saround-neck 1860pediment until - A pedimentthe 1930s. with a slop Ining historic S-shaped element restorations, on either side. The name comes from the S-shaped pediment tops that are somewhatbecause similar of to difficulties the necks two swans in facing replacing each other. terra-cotta, color matching and durability issues, GFRC (glass fiber DesignDesign of a ofarchitectural a architectural fiberglass fiberglass (GFRP) or (GFRP) GFRC steeple. or (GFRC) steeple Treinforced concrete) or FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) Stepped arch - An arch with voussoirs (stones) cut horizontally or vertically so Terrais often-cotta used - Architectural as the terra-cotta terra-cotta is a Clay replacement.which is been molded Stromberg and that they line up with the masonry courses. shape, fired in a kiln and glazed. Terra-cotta was used as a facing on buildings in Stepped Arch Americaproduces mostly a from special around 1860 glazed until the GFRC 1930s. In and historic a restorations,fiberglass (FRP) Stepped gable - A gable with the stepped edge. because of difficulties in replacing terra-cotta, color matching and durability An arch with voussoirs (stones) cut horizontally issues,which GFRC closely (glass fiber resemblesreinforced concrete) glazed or FRP (fiber terra-cotta. reinforced polymer) Custom is often used as the terra-cotta replacement. Stromberg produces a special glazed Sullivanesqueor vertically - The so term that used to they describe line architectural up with style the and decorative masonry GFRCcolor and matching a fiberglass (FRP) is whichavailable, closely resembles and new glazed terra-cotta.GFRC elementsCustom designscourses. created by Louis H. Sullivan, the American architect. colorcan matching be created is available, with and new molds GFRC elements taken can from be created existing with molds terra- taken from existing terra-cotta, or from historic drawings and photographs if the Sun disk. The Egyptian emblem of the sun, a disk with wings. Sometimes used terra-cottacotta, or no fromlonger exists. historic drawings and photographs if the as Steppeda decorative Gableelement or window head in Egyptian revival architecture. terra-cotta no longer exists. SupercolumniationA gable with the - Also stepped known as edge. superposition, refers to the placing of one order of classical columns above another. For example Doric columns at the first floor and Ionic at the second floor directly above them. Sullivanesque Surround - Frame or decorative element around a doorway, a window or a fireplace.The termSee door used surround, to fireplace describe surround architectural or window surround. style and decorative designs created by Louis H. Sullivan, the Swag - A decorative element representing a garland of ribbons, draped fabric, flowersAmerican or fruit, appearingarchitect. to be tied at the end and draping down in the middle.

Sun Disk The Egyptian emblem of the sun, a disk with wings. Sometimes used as a decorative element or window head in Egyptian revival architecture.

Stromberg ArchitecturalTongue-and-dart Products molding - A decorative molding that features alternating tongue like shapes and dart like shapes. Similar to egg and dart. www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Torus - A projecting , convex molding, which forms the “ring” at the base of a column. Architectural columns of the Corinthian and Ionic order typically have the “Attic” style base with two rings. The Tuscan column base has a single torus. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Tongue-and-art Molding - Trefoil Arch Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 46

Tongue-and-art Molding A decorative molding that features alternating tongue like shapes and dart like shapes. Similar to egg and dart.

Torus A projecting, convex molding, which forms the “ring” at the base of a column. Architectural columns of the Corinthian and Ionic order typically have the “Attic” style base with two rings. The Tuscan column base has a single torus.

StrombergStromberg Architectural Architectural Fiberglass Fiberglasstracery being installed tracery being installed.

Trefoil A three lobed pattern in a foil. From the French word Trefoil - A three lobed pattern in a foil. From the French word “foil” meaning “foil” meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped curve or lobe, “leaf”.formed A between leaf-shaped points curvecalled cuspsor lobe, inside formed an arch between or points called cusps inside an archcircle. or Used circle. in Gothic Used stylein Go tracerythic style windows. tracery windows.

TrefoilTrefoil Archarch - A pointed arch with three centers A pointed arch with three centers.

Torus on a Tuscan style column base in Coral Stone texture Available in GFRC, GRG or architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Torus on a tuscan style column base in coral stone texture. Available in GFRC, GRGTower or architectural fiberglass (GFRP) TorusA tall, on horizontal a tuscan stylestructure column or building. base in coral stone texture. Available in GFRC, GRG or architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Tower - A tall, horizontal structure or building. Tower - A tall, horizontal structure or building. TraceryTracery - Lacelike shapes, most often found in Gothic architecture, that create a patternTraceryLace like in -windows shapes, Lacelike most and shapes, often other foundmost openings. oftenin Gothic found architecture, in Gothic architecture, that create a that create a pattern in windows and other openings. Trefoil arch in architectural pattern in windows and other openings. fiberglass

Stromberg ArchitecturalTrefoil Products arch in architectural fiberglass www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]

Trellis - An open lattice or grate for the support of vines and other climbing plants.

Triangular arch - A simple arch with no curves, created by two diagonal elements meeting at a point.

Triangular dormer - A dormer with a triangular roof.

Triglyph - A Doric frieze ornament, consisting of a rectangular block with two V shaped grooves and two half V grooves on either edge. Trigyphs alternate with sculptured or plain blocks called metopes. Used in Greek architecture and the Greek Revival style.

Trim - The framing or edging of openings and other features on a building, including window surrounds, cornices, base moldings and casings. Turret - A cylindrical tower, often corbelled on the corner of a larger structure. Usually with a conical roof.

Tuscan order - The Tuscan Order was the simplest of the Classical Orders . It developed from Etruscan and early Roman temples. The column capitals and bases are simpler than those of the other orders and the shaft is not fluted. Palladio recommended that its plainness made it suitable for use in buildings of utilitarian function. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Trellis - Volute Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 47

Trellis Tuscan Order An open lattice or grate for the support of vines and The Tuscan Order was the simplest of the Classical other climbing plants. Orders. It developed from Etruscan and early Roman temples. The column capitals and bases are simpler Triangular Arch than those of the other orders and the shaft is not A simple arch with no curves, created by two diagonal fluted. Palladio recommended that its plainness made elements meeting at a point. it suitable for use in buildings of utilitarian function.

Triangular Dormer Tuscan Villa Style A dormer with a triangular roof. A style derived from the villas of Tuscany, similar to the Italionate style, but symmetrical in plan. Triglyph A Doric frieze ornament, consisting of a rectangular Tympanum block with two V shaped grooves and two half V grooves The triangular space in a pediment. Enclosed by the on either edge. Trigyphs alternate with sculptured or horizontal cornice, and the sloping, diagonal sides. The plain blocks called metopes. Used in Greek architecture tympanum may be plain, or may feature a decorative and the Greek Revival style. element, window, or other embellishment. Trim The framing or edging of openings and other features Vault on a building, including window surrounds, cornices, A structure composed of an arrangement of arches that base moldings and casings. form a covering over a space.

Turret Veneer A cylindrical tower, often corbelled on the corner of a A facing of brick, cast stone, GFRC, Architectural larger structure. Usually with a conical roof. Fiberglass or other material that forms a durable, decorative surface over a structure, but is not load bearing itself.

Vermiculated Work From the Latin for worm, Vermiculated surfaces have a series of wavy, disconnected grooves that resemble worms or the tracks of worms.

V-joint A joint in mortar or sealant with a V shaped groove.

Volute A spiral shape, as on an Ionic column capital. From the Volute - A spiral shape, as on an Ionic column capital. From the Latin Volutus Latinfor turned. Volutus Volutes for areturned. also used Volutes on the are capitals also ofused the Corinthianon the and Composite capitalscolumn. of the Corinthian and Composite column.

Stromberg ArchitecturalVoussoir Products - The term for one of the blocks or units that make up an arch. The top www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904voussoir is the keystone. The [email protected] voussoir is the springer. Tuscan Villa style - A style derived from the villas of Tuscany, similar to the Italionate style, but symmetrical in plan.

Tympanum - The triangular space in a pediment. Enclosed by the horizontal cornice, and the sloping, diagonal sides. The tympanum may be plain, or may feature a decorative element, window, or other embellishment.

Vault - A structure composed of an arrangement of arches that form a covering over a space. GFRG Voussoir arch.

Veneer - A facing of brick, cast stone, GFRC, ArchitecturalW Fiberglass or other material that forms a durable, decorative surface over a structure, but is not load bearing itself. Wainscot - The covering for the lower part of a wall. Wheel window - Circular window divided by tracery similar to the spokes of a Vermiculated work - From the Latin for worm, wheel.Vermiculated Generally found surfaces in churches have and a in gothic architecture and its derivatives. series of wavy, disconnected grooves that resemble worms or the tracks of worms.

V-joint - A joint in mortar or sealant with a V shaped groove. Volute - A spiral shape, as on an Ionic column capital. From the Latin Volutus for turned. Volutes are also used on the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite column.

Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Voussoir - Window Surround Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 48 Window crown - The upper part of a window such as a pediment or hood. Voussoir Window Crown The term for one of the blocks or units that make up The upper part of a windowWindow such surround as a pediment - The or molding that surrounds a window. Voussoiran arch. The - The top termvoussoir for oneis the of thekeystone. blocks Theor un lowestits that hood.make up an arch. The top voussoir isis thethe springer.keystone. The lowest voussoir is the springer. Window Surround The molding that surrounds a window.

Window crown - The upper part of a window such as a pediment or hood.

Window surround - The molding that surrounds a window.

GFRG Voussoir Voussoir arch arch.

WWainscot The covering for the lower part of a wall. Wainscot - The covering for the lower part of a wall. Wheel Window WheelCircular window divided - Circular by tracery window similar divided to the by spokestracery similar to the spokes of a wheel.of a wheel. Generally Generally found found in churches in churches and andin gothic in Gothic architecture and its derivatives. architecture and its derivatives.

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