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Chapter 6 the Aftermath of the Cambridge-Vienna Controversy: Radioactivity and Politics in Vienna in the 1930S
Trafficking Materials and Maria Rentetzi Gendered Experimental Practices Chapter 6 The Aftermath of the Cambridge-Vienna Controversy: Radioactivity and Politics in Vienna in the 1930s Consequences of the Cambridge-Vienna episode ranged from the entrance of other 1 research centers into the field as the study of the atomic nucleus became a promising area of scientific investigation to the development of new experimental methods. As Jeff Hughes describes, three key groups turned to the study of atomic nucleus. Gerhard Hoffman and his student Heinz Pose studied artificial disintegration at the Physics Institute of the University of Halle using a polonium source sent by Meyer.1 In Paris, Maurice de Broglie turned his well-equipped laboratory for x-ray research into a center for radioactivity studies and Madame Curie started to accumulate polonium for research on artificial disintegration. The need to replace the scintillation counters with a more reliable technique also 2 led to the extensive use of the cloud chamber in Cambridge.2 Simultaneously, the development of electric counting methods for measuring alpha particles in Rutherford's laboratory secured quantitative investigations and prompted Stetter and Schmidt from the Vienna Institute to focus on the valve amplifier technique.3 Essential for the work in both the Cambridge and the Vienna laboratories was the use of polonium as a strong source of alpha particles for those methods as an alternative to the scintillation technique. Besides serving as a place for scientific production, the laboratory was definitely 3 also a space for work where tasks were labeled as skilled and unskilled and positions were divided to those paid monthly and those supported by grant money or by research fellowships. -
Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors
Phys. Perspect. 21 (2019) 163–193 Ó 2019 The Author(s) This article is an open access publication 1422-6944/19/030163-31 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z Physics in Perspective Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors Wolfgang L. Reiter* Karl Przibram is one of the pioneers of early solid state physics in the field of the inter- dependence of coloration effects and luminescence in solids (crystals, minerals) induced by radiation. In 1921 Przibram discovered the effect of radio-photoluminescence, the light- stimulated phosphorescence in activated crystals induced by gamma rays. In 1926 Przibram was the first to use the term, Farbzentrum (color center, F-center), and in 1923 he advanced the view of atomic centers as carriers of coloration. Being a pupil of Ludwig Boltzmann and Franz S. Exner, he dedicated his early work to condensation and conductivity phenomena in gases and Brownian motion. Under the influence of Stefan Meyer, he began his lifelong interest in mineralogy, setting up his own research group at the Vienna Radium Institute, which pioneered investigations on thermoluminescence and gave a first description of glow curves. Being of Jewish descent, Przibram had to leave Austria after the Nazis took power; he found shelter in Belgium and returned to Austria in 1946 as professor for experimental physics at the University of Vienna. This paper is a first attempt to give an overview of the cultural and scientific background of Przibram’s life and science in context of the cultural and political developments from 1900 to 1950 in Austria. Key words: Biography; mineral physics; coloration effects and luminescence in solids; Ludwig Boltzmann; Franz S. -
CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
IST Annualreport 2013.Pdf
FLOW In 2013, the research directions at IST Austria expanded to include physics, studying – among other topics – fluid turbulence. Content Thus ‘flow’ has been chosen as theme for the 2013 annual report. At IST Austria the steady flow of ideas between researchers of different disciplines is stimulated by physical connections, such as the campus bridge, a meeting space between buildings. A room-length blackboard on the bridge bears witness to the continuous exchange of ideas and forewords concepts, and inspired the design of this report. 03 Foreword by the President 05 Foreword by the Vice-Chair, Board of Trustees EY the institute ERE DO TH 06 IST Austria at a glance WH ? 08 Career model of IST Austria W FROM 10 The IST Austria Graduate School FLO ok! 12 Postdoctoral education Have a lo research 14 Research highlight: Computer Science at IST Austria 16 Current research at IST Austria 18 Barton Group 19 Benková Group 20 Bollback Group 21 Bollenbach Group 22 Chatterjee Group 23 Cremer Group 24 Csicsvari Group 25 Edelsbrunner Group 26 Erdős Group 27 Friml Group 28 Guet Group 29 Heisenberg Group 30 Henzinger Group 31 Hippenmeyer Group 32 Hof Group Imprint Institute of Science and Technology Austria 33 Janovjak Group Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg 34 Jonas Group Phone: +43 (0)2243–9000 [email protected] 35 Kolmogorov Group www.ist.ac.at 36 Lampert Group Editor 37 Pietrzak Group Sophie Fessl 38 Seiringer Group Texts 39 Shigemoto Group IST Austria 40 Siekhaus Group Graphic design 41 Sixt Group alessandri-design.at 42 Tkačik Group Photography -
IST Annualreport 2012.Pdf
WHERE DO THE SCIENTISTS OF IST AUSTRIA COME FROM? Take a look inside to find out. CONTENTS FOREWORDS Foreword by the President 03 Foreword by the Chair of the Professorial Committee 04 THE INSTITUTE IST Austria at a Glance 06 Long-Term Financing 08 Lab Building East 10 The IST Austria Graduate School & ISTFELLOW Program 12 RESEARCH Close-up: Cell biology at IST Austria 14 Current Research at IST Austria 16 Nick Barton Group 18 Jonathan P. Bollback Group 19 Tobias Bollenbach Group 20 Krishnendu Chatterjee Group 21 Sylvia Cremer Group 22 Jozsef Csicsvari Group 23 Herbert Edelsbrunner Group 24 Călin Guet Group 25 Carl-Philipp Heisenberg Group 26 IMPRINT Thomas A. Henzinger Group 27 Simon Hippenmeyer Group 28 Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg Harald Janovjak Group 29 Phone: +43 (0)2243–9000 Peter Jonas Group 30 [email protected] www.ist.ac.at Vladimir Kolmogorov Group 31 Christoph Lampert Group Editor: 32 Sophie Cate Krzysztof Pietrzak Group 33 Daria Siekhaus Group Texts: 34 IST Austria Michael Sixt Group 35 Gašper Tkačik Group Graphic design: 36 Starmühler Agentur & Verlag Caroline Uhler Group 37 Schellinggasse 1, 1010 Wien Chris Wojtan Group www.starmuehler.at 38 Christine Starmühler IST Austria Professors 2013 40 Sofie Mayer Research Grants 2012 42 Photography: Publications 2012 44 Lisa Cichocki Roland Ferrigato OUTREACH Göran Gnaudschun (Portrait Peter Fratzl) Oliver Lehmann Scientific Events 48 Rita Newman Communicating Science Lukas Schaller 50 Jürgen Skarwan Harold Vladar Bernhard Wenzl ORGANIZATION -
Annual Report 2014 Years
Annual Report 2014 years IST Austria Annual Report 2014 Content 5 years of networking As IST Austria celebrated its fifth anniversary in 2014, this annual report not just reviews the last year but also provides facts, figures, and numbers relevant to the first five years of IST Austria. forewords Scientists at IST Austria rely on professional networks to conduct 02 Foreword by the President excellent research. They work in teams and collaborate with research 03 Guest Commentary by Arnold Schmidt groups from numerous universities and institutes in Austria, Europe, and elsewhere. They meet colleagues at international events to exchange the institute ideas and share their findings. As academic networking is crucial for 04 IST Austria at a Glance scientists at IST Austria, “network” has been chosen as an ancillary theme for the 2014 annual report. 5 years IST Austria 08 Interview Nick Barton: The 1st to Accept the Challenge 10 Recognizing 5 Years of Excellence 11 Science is a Network 12 PhD Students and Postdocs at IST Austria research 14 Research Highlight Evolutionary Biology 16 Current Research at IST Austria 18 Barton Group 19 Benková Group 20 Bollback Group 21 Bollenbach Group 22 Chatterjee Group 23 Cremer Group 24 Csicsvari Group 25 Edelsbrunner Group 26 Erdős Group 27 Friml Group 28 Guet Group 29 Heisenberg Group 30 Henzinger Group 31 Hippenmeyer Group 32 Hof Group 33 Janovjak Group 34 Jonas Group 35 Kolmogorov Group 36 Lampert Group 37 Lemeshko Group 38 Maas Group 39 Novarino Group 40 Pietrzak Group 41 Seiringer Group 42 Shigemoto -
„Maths and Science Adventure“ Gallery Of
„MATHS AND SCIENCE ADVENTURE“ GALLERY OF FAMOUS SCIENTISTS Wolfgang Pauli Date and place of birth 25.4.1900 Vienna, Austria-Hungary Date and place of death 15.12.1958 Zürich, Switzerland Nationality Austrian Area in which (s)he worked Quantum Physics Education Ludwig - Maximilians University, Munich Worked in University of Hamburg Known for Pauli Exclusion Principle Awards Lorentz Medal 1931 Lisa Meitner Date and place of birth 7. November 1878 Vienna, Austria Date and place of death 27. October 1968 Cambridge, UK Nationality Austrian Area in which (s)he worked Radioactivity, Nuclear Physics Education University of Vienna Worked in Kaiser Wilhelm Institute Known for Co-discovery of nuclear fission Awards Lieben Prize 1925 Leonardo da Vinci Date and place of birth 15 April 1452 Vinci, Republic of Florence Date and place of death 2 May 1519 Amboise, Kingdom of France Nationality Italian Area in which (s)he worked Invention, Painting, Sculpting Education Apprentice of Andrea del Verrocchio Worked in Milan, Rome, Bologna, Venice Known for Art: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper Awards A house awarded by Francis I of France James Maxwell Date and place of birth 13.6.1831 Edinburgh, Scotland Date and place of death 5.11.1879 Cambridge, England Nationality Scottish Area in which (s)he worked Physics Education Edinburgh University Worked in Cambridge University Known for Maxwell´s equations Awards Smith's Prize (1854) James D Watson Date and place of birth April 6, 1928 USA Date and place of death Nationality American Area in which (s)he worked Biology, -
Lise Meitner Page 1 of 443
Lise Meitner Page 1 of 443 Preferred Citation: Sime, Ruth Lewin. Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1996 1996. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6x0nb4fk/ Lise Meitner A Life in Physics Ruth Lewin Sime UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1997 The Regents of the University of California Preferred Citation: Sime, Ruth Lewin. Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1996 1996. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6x0nb4fk/ vii Preface and Acknowledgments It seems to me that I have always known of Lise Meitner. As a child I must have seen her picture in Life , or in The New York Times , or perhaps in the Aufbau , the German refugees' newspaper that my parents and grandmother often read. In America just after World War II, Lise Meitner was a celebrity: the tiny woman who barely escaped the Nazis, the physicist responsible for nuclear fission, "the Jewish mother of the atomic bomb" although she was a Jew by birth, not affiliation, and she had refused to work on the bomb. When I was six, the details didn't matter. To me, she was a hero, like Eleanor Roosevelt. I came back to Meitner thirty years later, in the 1970s, by way of a class I taught at California State University, Sacramento. Then, as now, I was on the chemistry faculty at Sacramento City College, a community college. At the university, I was known as the woman the all-male chemistry department did not want to hire; under such circumstances one becomes, and remains, a file://F:\download\hyotyohjelmat\meitner\Lise Meitner.htm 20.7.2006 Lise Meitner Page 2 of 443 feminist. -
Redalyc.Josef Stefan. Radiation, Conductivity, Diffusion, and Other
Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas ISSN: 1015-8553 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Wisniak, Jaime Josef Stefan. Radiation, conductivity, diffusion, and other phenomena Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas, vol. 37, núm. 3, 2006, pp. 188-195 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181620527013 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 37, No. 3, 2006. Josef Stefan. Radiation, conductivity, diffusion, and other phenomena Jaime Wisniak. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105, Email: [email protected]. Recibido: 17 de julio de 2005. Aceptado: 5 de noviembre de 2005. Palabras clave: conductividad térmica de un gas, radiación, cuerpo negro, ley de la cuarta potencia, fusión de la capa de hielo polar, coeficiente de difusividad, tono, sonido, ley de radiación. Key words: thermal conductivity of gases, radiation, black body, fourth-power radiation law, melting of the polar ice, diffusivity coefficient, pitch of sound, radiation law. RESUMEN. A Josef Stefan (1835-1893) le debemos el desarrollo de un método his parents are said to have been il- preciso para medir la conductividad de un gas, la determinación empírica de la literate. ley que describe la radiación de un cuerpo negro (la ley de la cuarta potencia), el Josef attended primary school in análisis del movimiento de la interfase en la fusión de la capa de hielo polar, un his hometown where his teachers método para medir el coeficiente de difusividad y un análisis del tono de un observed his talents and recom- sonido. -
International Collaboration in the History of Science of Central Europe1
POLSKA AKADEMIA UMIEJĘTNOŚCI Tom XIV PRACE KOMISJI HISTORII NAUKI PAU 2015 Soňa ŠTRBÁŇOVÁ Centre for the History of Sciences and Humanities the Institute for Contemporary History the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic [email protected] INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE OF CENTRAL EUROPE1 Abstract In the last ten years, approximately, we could witness an evolution in informal in ternational collaboration focusing on shared and interconnected history of science in the Habsburg Monarchy and in Central Europe in general. This effort, which includes mainly historians of science from Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, has already produced a number of important results and contributed to the thematization of some timeless topics of history of sciences such as, for instance, nationalization and interna tionalization of science. In the context of this cooperation, the seminar of Jan Surman, a historian of science of Polish descent, held at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague in May 2015, concentrated on the formation of national scientific terminologies. It also underlined the necessity and usefulness of in ternational collaboration in achieving a deeper understanding of the “national” histories of science, which cannot be separated from the “international” history. Keywords: History of science; history of science in the Habsburg Monarchy; co operation in the history of science; national and international history of science; forma tion of scientific terminology The history of science in Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Slovakia, Poland and other countries which used to be part of the Habsburg Monarchy has been systematically studied for a long time, whereas the shared and interconnected history of science in the Habsburg Monarchy as a whole became – with a few exceptions – subject of systematic research only Redaktor wydawnictwa in, approximately, the last decade. -
University of the Third Millennium
CHARLES UNIVERSITY — UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM WWW.CUNI.CZ obálka_komplet.indd 1 02.11.15 11:08 UK_2.indd 2 02.11.15 7:14 CONTENTS University of the Third Millennium / 5 Introduction / 6 Education / 10 Research / 18 International Cooperation / 25 Strategic and other Partnerships of Charles University / 29 Third Role of the University / 31 Major Research Areas / 34 Catholic Theological Faculty / 36 Protestant Theological Faculty / 37 Hussite Theological Faculty / 39 Faculty of Law / 40 Medical Faculties / 44 First Faculty of Medicine Second Faculty of Medicine Third Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Faculty of Pharmacy / 49 Faculty of Arts / 51 Faculty of Science / 56 Faculty of Science, Center for Theoretical Study, Environment Center / 63 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics / 64 Faculty of Education / 76 Faculty of Social Sciences / 79 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport / 82 Faculty of Humanities / 84 Central Library of Charles University / 86 UK_2.indd 3 02.11.15 7:14 UK_2.indd 4 02.11.15 7:14 CHARLES UNIVERSITY – UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM UK_2.indd 5 02.11.15 7:14 6 CHARLES UNIVERSITY – UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM INTRODUCTION The Charles University management and academic In the near future, the priority of development community are always striving to fulfill the is not to continue to increase the number of key principles of the university activities. The students; instead, we have to focus on the quality emphasis is placed on the protection and further of education provided. As for specific numbers, development of the freedom of research and 61.5% of students were women.