Annual Report 2014 Years
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Chapter 6 the Aftermath of the Cambridge-Vienna Controversy: Radioactivity and Politics in Vienna in the 1930S
Trafficking Materials and Maria Rentetzi Gendered Experimental Practices Chapter 6 The Aftermath of the Cambridge-Vienna Controversy: Radioactivity and Politics in Vienna in the 1930s Consequences of the Cambridge-Vienna episode ranged from the entrance of other 1 research centers into the field as the study of the atomic nucleus became a promising area of scientific investigation to the development of new experimental methods. As Jeff Hughes describes, three key groups turned to the study of atomic nucleus. Gerhard Hoffman and his student Heinz Pose studied artificial disintegration at the Physics Institute of the University of Halle using a polonium source sent by Meyer.1 In Paris, Maurice de Broglie turned his well-equipped laboratory for x-ray research into a center for radioactivity studies and Madame Curie started to accumulate polonium for research on artificial disintegration. The need to replace the scintillation counters with a more reliable technique also 2 led to the extensive use of the cloud chamber in Cambridge.2 Simultaneously, the development of electric counting methods for measuring alpha particles in Rutherford's laboratory secured quantitative investigations and prompted Stetter and Schmidt from the Vienna Institute to focus on the valve amplifier technique.3 Essential for the work in both the Cambridge and the Vienna laboratories was the use of polonium as a strong source of alpha particles for those methods as an alternative to the scintillation technique. Besides serving as a place for scientific production, the laboratory was definitely 3 also a space for work where tasks were labeled as skilled and unskilled and positions were divided to those paid monthly and those supported by grant money or by research fellowships. -
Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
Structural Basis for the Coupling Mechanism of Respiratory Complex I, a Giant Molecular Proton Pump
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector e4 Abstracts opening a large membrane pore, potentiated by inducers such as the P3 & P4.3 phosphate, the depletion of adenine nucleotides and the presence of thiol oxidants. It leads to the swelling of the mitochondria, loss of Electron cryomicroscopy investigation of the proton-conducting proton motive force, disruption of ion homeostasis and hydrolysis of pore of ATP synthase ATP by the ATP synthase. These events have been linked to pathways John Rubinstein leading to cell death, and to human diseases including cardiac The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 686 Bay Street, ischemia and muscle dystrophy. We have examined this proposal, Rm. 20-9705, Toronto, ON, Canada fi and a summary of our ndings will be presented. E-mail: [email protected] Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases use the energy stored in doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.05.120 a transmembrane proton-motive force to synthesize ATP from aden- osine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. The transloca- tion of protons across the membrane region of the complex leads to P3 & P4.2 rotation of a rotor subcomplex that drives conformational changes in the enzyme's membrane-extrinsic catalytic region. The mechanism by Structural basis for the coupling mechanism of respiratory which proton translocation induces rotation is not known. Here, we complex I, a giant molecular proton pump present structural data from single particle electron cryomicroscopy Leonid Sazanov (cryo-EM) that gives insight into the architecture of the membrane- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK bound motors of ATP synthases and related enzymes. -
5Th ISMB Retreat, 3-4 July 2013
5th ISMB Retreat 3 – 4 July 2013 Report by Dr. Clare Sansom, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck The Institute of Structural Molecular Biology 2001, Cambridge. He has received numerous (ISMB), set up to foster collaboration honours and awards and is a Fellow of the between researchers in University College Royal Society and a Foreign Member of the London and Birkbeck who work in molecular National Academy of Sciences of the US. and structural biology and allied disciplines, is now ten years old. It has established two Dobson’s research has been particularly series of biannual research meetings focused on the mechanisms through which designed to grow these collaborations, proteins fold, or on some occasions misfold. inspire research excellence and encourage This area of science has become increasingly new ideas. The ISMB symposia, held in even important because of its link with human years, feature lectures by world-class disorders and strategies through which they researchers in its constituent disciplines, and can be combatted. Dobson’s recent work is the residential retreats, held in odd years, summed up in the title of his talk: ‘New are dominated by talks by postgraduate Approaches to Understanding and Preventing students and young postdoctoral researchers Neurodegenerative Diseases’. He began with from its core departments. The retreat held a discussion of this group of diseases, on July 3 and 4 2013 was therefore the fifth explaining how the prevalence of in the series. It was also the third to be held neurodegenerative disorders, and in the quiet surroundings of Robinson College Alzheimer’s disease in particular, is in Cambridge. -
Why Are Cells Powered by Proton Gradients? By: Nick Lane, Ph.D
Proton Gradient, Cell Origin, ATP Synthase | Lear... http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/why-are... CELL ORIGINS AND METABOLISM | Lead Editor: Gary Coté, Mario De Tullio Why Are Cells Powered by Proton Gradients? By: Nick Lane, Ph.D. (Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London ) © 2010 Nature Education Citation: Lane, N. (2010) Why Are Cells Powered by Proton Gradients? Nature Education 3(9):18 The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity Why do virtually all cells "breathe" by pumping protons (hydrogen ions) across a membrane? According to molecular biologist Leslie Orgel, this is the single most counterintuitive idea in biology after Darwin's, and the only one to bear comparison with the concepts of Heisenberg, Schrödinger, and Einstein (Orgel 1999). Pioneered by the eccentric British biochemist Peter Mitchell (Figure 1), largely in his own research laboratories in a renovated country house in rural Cornwall, the concept was controversial for more than twenty years. This period of controversy was known as the "ox-phos wars" (after "oxidative phosphorylation," the mechanism of ATP synthesis in respiration). The wars drew to an end only after Mitchell received the Nobel Prize in 1978. There's an irony here. Mitchell's Nobel was for work in chemistry, yet his Figure 1: Peter Mitchell and the ATP synthase enzyme ideas are actually about the elimination of chemistry. In the same way © 1999 Nature Publishing Group Orgel, L. Are you serious, Dr that the genetic code enables information to transcend chemistry, so Mitchell? Nature 402, 17 (1999). -
PRESS RELEASE Embargoed Until 1800 London Time / 1300 US
PRESS RELEASE August 27, 2019 Embargoed until 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern Time on 28 August 2019 High-end microscopy reveals structure and function of crucial metabolic enzyme Structural biologists reveal the atomic structure and regulative mechanism of the metabolic enzyme transhydrogenase – Results are the first to be published based on state-of-the-art cryo-electron microscope at IST Austria The enzyme transhydrogenase plays a central role in regulating metabolic processes in animals and humans alike. Malfunction can lead to serious disorders. For the first time, structural biologists at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) have now visualized and analyzed the enzyme’s atomic structure with the support of the institute’s newly installed high- end cryo-electron microscope. The data presented in the journal Nature are relevant for the development of currently unavailable therapeutic options. Within each cell, the power houses called mitochondria continuously break down molecules derived from food to generate energy as well as to produce new molecules that serve as building blocks of cells. Balancing these two opposing processes is accomplished by an enzyme called proton- translocating transhydrogenase or NNT (nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase). NNT sits in the mitochondria’s membrane and uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by cellular respiration to provide the mitochondria with just the right amount of the co-enzyme NADPH, a vital metabolic precursor. The proper functioning of NNT is crucial for metabolic regulation in all animals including humans. However, the details of how NNT accomplishes the coordinated transfer of protons across the membrane and synthesis of NADPH have remained obscure due to the lack of knowledge about the enzyme’s atomic structure. -
Pagina 1 Di 304 SBBL - SPRINGER E-BOOKS : TITOLI CORRENTI 2014 N
SBBL - SPRINGER E-BOOKS : TITOLI CORRENTI 2014 N. Book Title Author Year Editore n. 1 (Endo)symbiotic Methanogenic Archaea Johannes H.P. Hackstein 2010 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 2 20 Years of Computational Neuroscience Tim R. New 2011 Springer Netherlands n. 3 25 Years of p53 Research James M Bower 2013 Springer New York n. 4 34th Hemophilia Symposium Pierre Hainaut, Klas G. Wiman 2005 Springer Netherlands n. 5 35th Hemophilia Symposium I. Scharrer, W. Schramm 2005 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 6 36th Hemophilia Symposium Hamburg 2005 Inge Scharrer, Wolfgang Schramm 2006 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 7 37th Hemophilia Symposium Inge Scharrer, Wolfgang Schramm 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 8 3D Histology Evaluation of Dermatologic Surgery Inge Scharrer, Wolfgang Schramm 2008 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 9 41es Journées nationales de la Société Française de Médecine Périnatale (Grenoble 12–14 octobre 2011) Helmut Breuninger, Patrick Adam 2013 Springer London n. 10 42es Journées nationales de la Société Française de Médecine Périnatale (Montpellier 17–19 octobre 2012) Société Française de Médecine Périnatale 2011 Springer Paris n. 11 50 Years of Phytochemistry Research Société Française de Médecine Périnatale 2013 Springer Paris n. 12 55 Years German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine David R. Gang 2013 Springer International Publishing n. 13 5-HT2C Receptors in the Pathophysiology of CNS Disease J. Schüttler 2012 Springer Berlin Heidelberg n. 14 60 Years of Survival Outcomes at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Ennio Esposito, Vincenzo Di Matteo 2011 Humana Press n. 15 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas M. -
Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors
Phys. Perspect. 21 (2019) 163–193 Ó 2019 The Author(s) This article is an open access publication 1422-6944/19/030163-31 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z Physics in Perspective Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors Wolfgang L. Reiter* Karl Przibram is one of the pioneers of early solid state physics in the field of the inter- dependence of coloration effects and luminescence in solids (crystals, minerals) induced by radiation. In 1921 Przibram discovered the effect of radio-photoluminescence, the light- stimulated phosphorescence in activated crystals induced by gamma rays. In 1926 Przibram was the first to use the term, Farbzentrum (color center, F-center), and in 1923 he advanced the view of atomic centers as carriers of coloration. Being a pupil of Ludwig Boltzmann and Franz S. Exner, he dedicated his early work to condensation and conductivity phenomena in gases and Brownian motion. Under the influence of Stefan Meyer, he began his lifelong interest in mineralogy, setting up his own research group at the Vienna Radium Institute, which pioneered investigations on thermoluminescence and gave a first description of glow curves. Being of Jewish descent, Przibram had to leave Austria after the Nazis took power; he found shelter in Belgium and returned to Austria in 1946 as professor for experimental physics at the University of Vienna. This paper is a first attempt to give an overview of the cultural and scientific background of Przibram’s life and science in context of the cultural and political developments from 1900 to 1950 in Austria. Key words: Biography; mineral physics; coloration effects and luminescence in solids; Ludwig Boltzmann; Franz S. -
CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
The Evolving Concept of Mitochondria
The Evolving Concept of Mitochondria: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | Meetings & Courses Program From Symbiotic Origins to Therapeutic Opportunities October 18 - 21, 2018 Poster Abstract Deadline: September 15 Meeting Website: meetings.cshl.edu/history18 Cold Spring Harbor, New York Mary Herbert, Newcastle University, UK Organizers Henry Higgs, Dartmouth Medical School Anu Suomalainen**, University of Helsinki, Finland Judy Hirst, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, UK John E. Walker**, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, UK Ian Holt, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, UK Douglas C. Wallace**, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & Howy Jacobs, University of Helsinki, Finland University of Pennsylvania Laurie Kaguni, Michigan State University Mila Pollock**, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Emine Koç, Marshall University Since it was first observed within cells at the end of the nineteenth century, our bacterial endosymbiont, the Carla Koehler, University of California, Los Angeles mitochondrion, has been interrogated from many perspectives. Initially described as a cytoplasmic ** Also Session Chairs & Speakers Edmund Kunji, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, UK structure, then as the source of energy, later an organismal entity, and recently a component of many Nick Lane, University College London, UK diseases, the multi-faceted mitochondrion has engendered fascination from a broad spectrum of physical, Session Chairs Nils-Göran Larsson, Karolinska Institute, Sweden chemical, biological, and medical perspectives. Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, -
Proquest Dissertations
Wolfson^Institute UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON THE WOLFSON INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH UBIQUINONE REACTS WITH NITRIC OXIDE TO PREVENT THE ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED COMPLEX I Thesis submitted in fulfiiment of the requirements of the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Medicine Enrique Eduardo TERAN TORRES May 2001 f ProQuest Number: U642691 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642691 Published by ProQuest LLC(2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract. Mitochondrial complex I is a protein of 800 kDa consisting of 41 subunits. It contains flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and between 22-24 iron-sulphur (Fe-S) centres. Complex I is responsible for the oxidation of NADH to NAD"^ in the presence of ubiquinone (CoQ) as electron acceptor. In this process, CoQ is reduced to ubiquinol (C 0 QH2 ) which is re-oxidised to CoQ by complex III. Recently, it was shown in intact cells that prolonged exposure to nitric oxide (NO) results in a persistent inhibition of complex I activity, which is preceded by a decrease in the concentration of intracellular glutathione. -
IST Annualreport 2013.Pdf
FLOW In 2013, the research directions at IST Austria expanded to include physics, studying – among other topics – fluid turbulence. Content Thus ‘flow’ has been chosen as theme for the 2013 annual report. At IST Austria the steady flow of ideas between researchers of different disciplines is stimulated by physical connections, such as the campus bridge, a meeting space between buildings. A room-length blackboard on the bridge bears witness to the continuous exchange of ideas and forewords concepts, and inspired the design of this report. 03 Foreword by the President 05 Foreword by the Vice-Chair, Board of Trustees EY the institute ERE DO TH 06 IST Austria at a glance WH ? 08 Career model of IST Austria W FROM 10 The IST Austria Graduate School FLO ok! 12 Postdoctoral education Have a lo research 14 Research highlight: Computer Science at IST Austria 16 Current research at IST Austria 18 Barton Group 19 Benková Group 20 Bollback Group 21 Bollenbach Group 22 Chatterjee Group 23 Cremer Group 24 Csicsvari Group 25 Edelsbrunner Group 26 Erdős Group 27 Friml Group 28 Guet Group 29 Heisenberg Group 30 Henzinger Group 31 Hippenmeyer Group 32 Hof Group Imprint Institute of Science and Technology Austria 33 Janovjak Group Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg 34 Jonas Group Phone: +43 (0)2243–9000 [email protected] 35 Kolmogorov Group www.ist.ac.at 36 Lampert Group Editor 37 Pietrzak Group Sophie Fessl 38 Seiringer Group Texts 39 Shigemoto Group IST Austria 40 Siekhaus Group Graphic design 41 Sixt Group alessandri-design.at 42 Tkačik Group Photography