Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität Graz Peter Berger Sándor Kurtán Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Corvinus University Budapest John Boyer Günther Pallaver University of Chicago Universität Innsbruck Gary Cohen (ex officio) Peter Pulzer Center for Austrian Studies University of Oxford University of Minnesota Oliver Rathkolb Christine Day Universität Wien University of New Orleans Sieglinde Rosenberger Oscar Gabriel Universität Wien Universität Stuttgart Alan Scott Malachi Hacohen Universität Innsbruck Duke University Franz Szabo (ex officio) Reinhard Heinisch Wirth Institute for Austrian and Universität Salzburg Central European Studies Pieter Judson University of Alberta Swarthmore College Heidemarie Uhl Wilhelm Kohler Austrian Academy of Sciences Universität Tübingen Ruth Wodak University of Lancaster Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the Austrian Ministry of European and International Affairs through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York as well as the Federal Ministry of Science and Research. The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting CenterAustria at the University of New Orleans and its publications series. The College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Orleans and the Auslandsamt of the University of Innsbruck provided additional financial support as did the Cultural Office of the City of Innsbruck. PREFACE The Twentieth Anniversary Issue Günter Bischof The publication of the twentieth volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies (CAS) represents a minor triumph for the dedicated commitment of CenterAustria at the University of New Orleans (UNO) to the serious scholarly study of twentieth/twenty-first century Austria. We share this triumph with the Department of Political Science at the University of Innsbruck. This publication series has become a mainstay of a transatlantic university partnership that has been growing for almost forty years and is quite unique in its intensity of both faculty and student exchanges and a rich cross-fertilization of ideas. The continued publication of CAS is all the more remarkable since the crisis in the public higher education arena in Louisiana has not been kind to university budgets, including the steady production of scholarly work and publications on a regular basis. These pressures to cut the financing of higher education budgets have afflicted the State of Louisiana for the past three years. To a lesser degree the same is true for Austrian university budgets, where massive cuts are also announced for the year 2012. This is the actual environment in which this publication series is carried on against all odds on both sides of the Atlantic. Looking at this publication series quantitatively, over the course of the past twenty years we have moved 408 manuscripts through the editing process—190 were published in the first ten volumes and another 218 in CAS 1-10 CAS 11-20 1918- 1938- 1945- 1984- pre- 1918- 1938- 1945- 1984- 2000- 1938- 1945- 1983- 2000- 1914 1938- 1945- 1983- 2000- 2010- HISTORY Political/Social 2 5 5 2 11 8 8 2 Diplomatic/International 11 2 1 5 8 2 2 Economic 11 2 8 1 4 4 Intellectual 1 1 2 1 2 Memory 12 1 2 2 1 Culture/Identity 2 1 2 6 Religion 3 5 Gender 1 3 3 1 1 7 2 Intelligence 2 3 POLITIAL SCIENCE Domestic/ 11 17 3 3 10 Political Culture Foreign Relations/ 2 9 3 International European Union 6 2 ROUNDTABLES/ 3 3 2 3 FORUMS REVIEW ESSAYS 12 15 BOOK REVIEWS 51 51 ANNUAL REVIEW 10 10 INTRODUCTIONS 21 9 TOTAL 190 218 The (XX) (XX) that “histories (XV). A special Austrian Foreign Austrian Foreign Global AustriaGlobal (XVIII) the reflect The Americanization/ bonmot Sexuality since 1919 (post-World War I, I, War since 1919 (post-World (XI). We have also addressed a also addressed have We (XI). volume (XIX), following the issue (XIX), volume (XIII) and The Schüssel Era The Schüssel (VIII), followed by (VIII), by followed Postwar Religion Zeitgeschichte (XIV) essays entire spanned the that contained (XII). The current volume on volume The current (XII). (XVI) and The Dollfuss/Schuschnigg Era The Dollfuss/Schuschnigg The Marshall Plan Political/social, diplomatic/international, and economic historyeconomic and have diplomatic/international, Political/social, in the reviewing of pride culture the years taken great over have We In the past ten volumes, we have caught have up with the immediate post- we In the past ten volumes, been most prominent in our pages through the entire twenty-year run. twenty-year run. the entire through in our pages been most prominent recently cultural historyMore and issues of identity also been covered. have in the been most prominent politics and political have Domestic culture with the European relationship but Austria’s political science category, carried have with on We too. has been a topic regularlyUnion addressed, for those our annual review the past ten years politics over of Austrian who like a quick overviewreaders and basic economic elections of Austrian data. World War I period with the War World the 1930s on following previous essays and II (XVII), War World on separate volume War II post-World and War World memories Austrian of on roundtables the on Volumes the Nazis. of propertyII by restitution apprehended Changing Austrian Voter while of politicalinterest scientists in the immediate past, Perspective in Historical Policy separate volumes addressed also have We century twentieth diachronically. societal issues suchto larger as been have the Austrian-Americanthemes of in larger relationship interest in addressed of Austria Westernization this theme of vast outside influences changing and broadens continues like to warmly would thank We societyAustrian century. in the twentieth Dagmar Herzog, Michael Gehler, Hermann Denz, Alexander Lassner, and Alexander Smith Pelinka, Anton Berger, Peter Barbara Stelzl-Marx, for serving during as guest editors of volumes the past decade. volumes XI to XX. Along the lines of Francis Bacon’s Bacon’s the lines of Francis Along XI to XX. volumes about two-thirds able to contend,” make men wise […] logic and rhetoric, of the manuscripts dealt with historical with political subjects and one-third In history a fairly had we even distribution of manuscripts the over science. principal periods of Austrian of what might be called II to the advent the War post-World II, War World Political and finallyyears). the past ten 1986-2000, in 1986, turn” “populist past than those with the most recent science manuscripts dealt more have II period to War While in history the post-World dealing with history. in political most prominently, has been addressed War the end of the Cold science the past decade pride has had of place. 8 CAS 1-10 CAS 11-20 1918- 1938- 1945- 1984- pre- 1918- 1938- 1945- 1984- 2000- 1938- 1945- 1983- 2000- 1914 1938- 1945- 1983- 2000- 2010- HISTORY 9 Political/Social 2 5 5 2 11 8 8 2 Diplomatic/International 11 2 1 5 8 2 2 Economic 11 2 8 1 4 4 Intellectual 1 1 2 1 2 Memory 12 1 2 2 1 Culture/Identity 2 1 2 6 Religion 3 5 Gender 1 3 3 1 1 7 2 Intelligence 2 3 POLITIAL SCIENCE Domestic/ 11 17 3 3 10 Political Culture Foreign Relations/ 2 9 3 International European Union 6 2 ROUNDTABLES/ 3 3 2 3 FORUMS REVIEW ESSAYS 12 15 BOOK REVIEWS 51 51 ANNUAL REVIEW 10 10 INTRODUCTIONS 21 9 TOTAL 190 218 10 CAS. One hundred and two book reviews and twenty-seven review essays in these twenty volumes attest to that. We have regularly tried to get top experts on both sides of the Atlantic to pen critical book reviews of some of the most important books published on Austrian affairs. Whether these reviews are read by anyone else but the authors and editors we do not know. Needless to say, the editors would like to think that these volumes measure up to a high standard of scholarship, and their peers have the last word on the quality of Contemporary Austrian Studies as a serious and engaging scholarly forum. Unfortunately, we have never had the time nor the means to do a serious study or survey of the reception of these volumes in the scholarly community, let alone in the broader public. Circumstantial evidence seems to suggest that the Anglo-American scholarly community peruse and cite the essays in these volumes more regularly than colleagues in Austria.