The Mida Experience and Beyond
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MIGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA (MIDA) THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel: +41.22.717 91 11 Fax: +41.22.798 61 50 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iom.int _____________________________________________________ ISBN 978-92-9068-560-9 © 2009 International Organization for Migration (IOM) _____________________________________________________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 50_09 THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND Operationalizing Migration for Development Across Regions Family members are enlisted to help spread the Ghanacoop word. Ghanacoop is a cooperative of Ghanaian migrants in the Italian city of Modena and created through IOM’s Migration for Development in Africa (MIDA) programme. © IOM 2007 - MGH0057 (Photo: Jemini Pandya) THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND Regions Across Development for Migration Operationalizing IOM Team Steering Committee Maureen Achieng, Gervais Appave, Christophe Franzetti, Jean-Philippe Chauzy, Frank Laczko, Ndioro Ndiaye, Sophie Nonnenmacher, Meera Sethi, Paul Tacon, Elizabeth Warn Main authors Susanne Melde, Rougui Ndiaye-Coïc Contributing authors Maureen Achieng, Mira Brady, Jean-Philippe Chauzy, Birgit Kopainsy (Millennium Institute/University of Bergen), Ndioro Ndiaye, Sophie Nonnenmacher, Matteo Pedercini (Millennium Institute), Meera Sethi, Paul Tacon, Elizabeth Warn Publications Assistance Anna Lyn Constantino, Valerie Hagger English Language Editor Ilse Pinto-Dobernig Acknowledgments The Team wishes to thank all contributing authors and is especially grateful to Ndioro Ndiaye, former Deputy Director General, for her work and encouragement to produce this publication. The Team wishes to thank the Steering Committee members for their advice and support on the drafting of this publication. The Team wishes to thank the following persons, principally current IOM staff, for their kind assistance and support: Eugenio Ambrosi, Carmen Andreu, Tana Anglana, Géraldine Ansart, David Appiah, Bruk Asmellash, Anna Basten, Diego Beltrand, Agnès Bernaud, Marta Bronzin, Audrey Carquillat, Anita Alero Davies, Tanja Dedovic, Hans Eijkhout, Barbara Fridel, Carolina Frisenette-Fich, Monica Goracci, Bernd Hemingway, Françoise Kazayizenga, Tamara Keating, Michele Klein-Solomon, Eugène Kandekwe, Charles Kwenin, Sylvia Lopez-Ekra, Mathieu Luciano, Pasquale Lupoli, Mario Lito Malanca, Blandine Mollard, Davide Mosca, Pilar Norza, José Ángel Oropeza, Robert 5 THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND Paiva, Elisa Piraccini, José Pires, Juan Daniel Reyes, Redouane Saadi, Peter Schatzer, Rafiq Tschannen, Joost Van der Aalst, Abibatou Wane, Ralph Welcker, Fabienne Witt, and Jian Zhao. The inputs and contributions of the following external experts is also much appreciated: Dr. Hans Herren (Millennium Institute), Birgit Kopainsy (Millennium Institute/University of Bergen), Matteo Pedercini (Millennium Institute), Irena Omelaniuk, Dr. Marion Panizzon (National Center of Competence in Research -NCCR trade regulation, World Trade Institute-WTI). The Team is especially grateful to the Government of Portugal, for its special contribution towards the translation of the Portuguese version. Operationalizing Migration for Development Across Regions Across Development for Migration Operationalizing 6 THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND Regions Across Development for Migration Operationalizing CONTENTs Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................5 Selected acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................................9 Preface ................................................................................................................................ 13 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 15 Chapter I: Enhancing the contribution to development by diasporas and migrants: An evolving concept and its context .................................................................................... 23 I.1 The evolution of Return of Qualified Nationals (RQN) programmes ......................25 I.2 The emergence of the MIDA concept .....................................................................30 I.3 The current regional migration and development contexts and priorities .............32 I.4 Extending the MIDA approach beyond Africa ........................................................37 Chapter II: Strategic approaches and key phases of MIDA and similar programmes .............51 II.1 Key strategic approaches ........................................................................................51 II.2 Phase 1: Assessing and linking the needs, resources, priorities and expectations of all stakeholders .......................................................56 II.3 Phase 2: Promotional activities to mobilize resources and build trust ...................63 II.4 Phase 3: Consolidation of interest ..........................................................................68 Chapter III: Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................ 79 III.1 Requirements for effective monitoring and evaluation .........................................79 III.2 The need for impact indicators .............................................................................83 Chapter IV: New orientations in the field of Migration for Development .............................89 IV.1 Labour mobility......................................................................................................90 IV.2 Private sector initiatives ........................................................................................95 IV.3 Diasporas and peacebuilding .................................................................................97 7 THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND IV.4 Migration and higher education ..........................................................................100 IV.5 South-South cooperation ....................................................................................101 Chapter V: Integrating Migration Into National and Regional Poverty Reduction and Development Plans ..................................................................................................... 113 V.1 Opportunities and challenges ...............................................................................114 V.2 The way forward: steps to success ......................................................................119 V.3 Model-based analysis: Explorative migration-development scenarios in Cape Verde .......................................................................................................122 V.3.1 A model for a Migration and Development analysis ....................................124 V.3.2 Explorative scenario analysis .......................................................................126 Chapter VI: Observations and Recommendations .............................................................. 139 VI.1 Main findings .......................................................................................................140 Operationalizing Migration for Development Across Regions Across Development for Migration Operationalizing VI.2 Recommendations for policy makers and practitioners .....................................142 Annex ................................................................................................................................ 145 Annex I: Senegal, the Poverty Reduction Strategy and the diaspora .........................145 Annex II: Annotated list of MIDA and similar IOM projects implemented since 2000 ............................................................................149 8 THE MIDA EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND Regions Across Development for Migration Operationalizing sElECTED acronyms AND ABBREviations ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States AU African Union CeSPI Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale CPLP Comunidade dos Países da Língua Portuguesa (Community of Lusophone Countries) D-MADE Development Marketplace for the African Diaspora in Europe DGCD Direction Générale de la coopération au développement DfID Department for International Development DIAS de Cabo Verde DIASpora for DEvelopment of Cape Verde DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo ECA