DOCSLIB.ORG

The Naval War of 1812, Volume 3, Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Naval War of 1812, Volume 3, Index The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History Volume III 1814–1815 Chesapeake Bay, Northern Lakes, and Pacific Ocean Part 7 of 7 Naval Historical Center Department of the Navy Washington, 2002 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2011 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. Index Certain aspects of the treatment of persons and vessels in this index supple­ ment annotation in the volume. PERSONS: The rank of military personnel, whenever ascertainable, is the high­ est rank attained by the individual by the end of 1815. When all references to an individual lie outside that span, the rank is the highest applicable to the per­ son at the time to which the text refers. Vessels that civilians and naval person­ nel commanded during 1814 and 1815 are noted in parentheses at the end of the person's entry. The abbreviation USFS is used to distinguish those officers who served in the flotilla service and not in the U.S. Navy. VESSELS: In most cases, vessels are identified according to their use and rig­ such as Essex, US frigate; Industry, American merchant brig; Earl of Moira, HM sloop of war-according to the best information available. Since the use and rig of a vessel could vary, nomenclature used to iden tify vessels refers to the years 1814-15. When all references to the vessel lie outside that year, the nomencla­ ture is that applicable to the vessel at the time to which the text refers. The names of commanders of warships for 1814-15, including privateers but not most gunboats, are noted in parentheses at the end of their vessels' entry. The names of masters of commercial vessels are so listed when they are known. Abascal y Sousa, Jose Fernando (Viceroy of Admiralty, British, Lords Commissioners of: let­ Peru), 731, 740n ters to: Yeo, James L., 388-91; and 1814 Abbot,Joel (Midn., USN), 538 and n North American campaign, 129 and n; A casta, HM frigate: captures prize, 154; in Alexander Cochrane reports to, 226, 286-88; Chesapeake Bay, 42, 69; compared to Constel­ appoint head of North American Station, 2, lation, 14; duties of, 120, 121 n; leaves Chesa­ 38; and arming of James Yeo's squadron, peake Bay, 151 , 152n; in Lynnhaven Bay, 83, 388-89; attitude of, toward George Cock­ 114, 119; runs aground, 18-19; stationed off burn, 46; and British naval ascendancy on Virginia Capes, 92; tender to, 83; water in, Great Lakes, 370, 385, 388, 490-92; and cap­ 42; mentioned, 84, 93, 99 (Alexander R. ture of Washington, 197n; and class of ships Kerr) sent to George Cockburn's command, 45; Accounts: and control of naval forces on Great Lakes, -American: Benjamin F. Bourne's, 656; Charles 385, 388-90, 490-92; deserter's report sent Gordon's, 367; for Chesapeake Bay flotilla, to, 403; divert ships to hunt Essex, 709; and 33, 36, 37; of Erie's purser, 32; of Glen Dray­ George Cockburn's request to return to Eng­ ton, 305; lack of, retards recruiting, 36; of land, 66; gives Alexander Cochrane discre­ Thomas Macdonough's squadron, 643; Madi­ tion, 129 and n; James Hillyar informs, of ar­ son's, 653; Oneida's, 653; of Arthur Sinclair's rival at Valparaiso, 714; James Hillyar squadron, 452, 453-54, 457n, 673, 674 and n, informs, of capture of Essex, 727-30; James 680; Thomas]. Chew's, 656 Hillyar transmits correspondence to, 719; -British: of Chesapeake Bay squadron, 48, 50, membership of, 117 and n; officer assign­ 51, 52, 348; James Yeo's, 491-92; of seized ments, 137; officers commended to, 67, 228, American property, 52 607; order attacks on American coastal towns, Acquasco Mills, Md., 194 38, 70-71; order condemnation of prizes, 18; Acteon, HM brig-sloop, 40 (Bertie C. Cator) order formation of Royal Marine battalion, Adams, David P. (Chaplain, USN), 737-38, 739 70; order troop ships to reinforce Alexander Adams, Samuel W. (Lt., USN): petition, Cochrane, 70; orders for joint operations, 399-400 70-72, 72n; and ordnance for Canadian Adams, US sloop of war, 2, 16, 17n, 35,42, 339n Lakes service, 388-90, 705-6; and pre-con­ (Charles Morris) structed frames for vessels, 370, 402, 413-15, Addison, William H . (Capt., Sea Fencibles), 35, 416-17, 492; and rearming and refitting ves­ 36n, 302 sels serving on Great Lakes, 388-90; receive 792 INDEX INDEX 793 A11fUs, us sloop of war: building of, 19, 200n; and defenses of Lake Champlain, 539; on im­ 132, 134, 142, 191; requests rifle corps, 269, -Joint operations: attack on Baltimore, burned, 222, 224, 226 and n, 228n, 318, 319; portance of provisions in army operations, 289; and rowers for galleys, 397; sickness in, 272-91, 293; attack on Chesapeake Bay .\ and burning of Washington Navy Yard, 214, 500; and Isaac Chauncey's squadron, 410, 435 135-36, 198; strength and distribution of, 1; flotilla, 195-97, 226-27; attack on Sackets I 215n, 313; and defense of Washington Navy and n, 549; and military stores, 526; and strength of Chesapeake expeditionary force, Harbor, 385, 439, 441, 442, 447, 448, 449n, Yard, 210; design of, 19; on loss of, in mone­ Mordecai Booth, 209; and operations on Lake 262, 289, 293-96; supplies and, 610, 616, 527; attack on St. Leonard's Town, 143; Battle tary terms, 321; manning of, 786; state of, Huron, 419, 423, 458, 459, 461, 499; and op­ 627-28, 656, 659-60; tactics of, 290; Thomas of Bladensburg, 207-8; chain of command 313, 319, 786; transfer of crew of, 326, 489n erations on Niagara frontier, 444, 458, 459, Beckwith's 1813 command, 45, 46n; and during, 73; in Chesapeake Bay, 40 and n, 70, Oohn O. Creighton) 460, 493, 499-501; orders army division to transport service for northern Lakes, 628; 129, 137-39; command structure during, 272; Ariel, US schooner, 421, 453, 546, 574, 783 Sackets Harbor, 617; orders destruction of troops embark at Gironde, 71, 72, 74 and n; against Lake Erie squadron, 371-72, 373, Armide, HM frigate: to be relieved, 115; at Newark, Upper Canada, 16; orders of, to in Upper Marlborough, 196; volunteers, 129, 375-77, 378; on Lake Champlain, 427; on Bermuda, 44; blockade service, 45; carries ab­ George Croghan, 513; orders troops to St. 130, 131, 142, 193; in York, 411, 503 Lake Huron, SOl, 576; landing at Benedict, stract of provisions in Chesapeake squadron, Leonard's Creek, 98; and plans for 1814 cam­ -Gordon Drummond's command: condition 181, 187; on Niagara frontier, 437-39, 657; 48; cruises outside Chesapeake Bay, 42; in paign, 458, 459, 460-61, 493; proceeds to of, 627; desertion in, 583; hardships experi­ objectives of, 73; against Oswego, 464, Lynnhaven Bay, 114-15, 119; ordered to Bladensburg, 214; and reinforcements for Ni­ enced by, 583; and Long Point, Lake Erie, 468-70, 473, 474-76, 477-79; in Patuxent R., Bermuda, 43, 61; ordered to cruise off Nan­ agara frontier, 443, 458, 461, 617; resigns as 485, 486, 489, 647, 657; morale in, 583; and 145; planning for, 133; raid on Tappahan­ tucket, 114, U5n; procures provisions for secretary of war, 298n; sends ordnance to St. protection of naval base on Lake Erie, 657; nock, 342; regulations for, 73; signals for, 191; Chesapeake squadron, 42; provisions in, 61, Leonard's Creek, 98; on size of British force U.S. Army operations against, 621, 623 on U.S. coasts, 71-74 114; station of, 69; stores in, 61 (Edward T. on Niagara frontier, 501; on strategy, 493, -George Prevost's command: administration -Reinforcements: for Canada, 45, 190, 369, Troubridge) 635-36; and transfer of sea fencibles to Chesa­ of naval forces in Canada removed from 521, 527, 617n; for Chesapeake Bay, 104, 153, Armistead, George (Lt. Col., USA), 268n, 297, peake Bay flotilla, 56, 57n; and transfer of sol­ Quartermaster General Department, 385; 155, 189, 269; for North America, 1, 3, 70, 302, 326; letters to: Monroe,James, 302-4 diers to naval service, 494; on Washington as and attack on Thomas Macdonough's 71-74,129,131,132,142 and n Armistice, 437, 440-41 British objective, 198 squadron, 681; in Battle of Plattsburg, 607, -in Washington campaign: American intelli­ Arms: Armstrong, William (Lt., USA), 509 and n 609, 610, 614; and cooperation with navy, gence of, 219; bivouacs near Washington, -American: abandoned to the British, 113; Army, British: and American expedition on 598; engages U.S. galleys, 596, 597; helps 220; burns U.S. Capitol, 213, 224; burns captured by British, 68n; in Chesapeake Bay Lake Huron, 369, 516; artillery of, 129, 381 n, man George Downie's squadron, 598; pre­ Washington, 224; captures Washington, 206, flotilla, 126; in Essex, 748-49, 753; exercise in 578-79, 582; atrocities committed by, 649, pares to invade New York state, 596-98; waits 209, 210, 220-23; departs Washington, 219, use of, 748-49; in John Gamble's detach­ 650; authorized to levy contributions on for George Downie's squadron, 597; with­ 224; destruction done to Washington, 315; ment, 776, 777; in Greenwich, 776; rifles as a Americans, 73; in Battle of Bladensburg, 206, draws from New York state, 616; withdraws enters Washington, 217, 224; marches on military advantage, 66; for Virginia militia, 207-8, 221; in Battle of Chippewa, 370; in from Plattsburg, 608 Washington, 45, 205-6, 221, 314; operations, 169 Battle of Lundy's Lane, 578-80; in Battle of -Regiments of Foot: 1st (Royal Scots), 331, 189, 226-28, 237, 314-15; sets fires in Wash­ -British: for Fort Michilimackinac, 379; for North Point, 279-80, 282, 290, 296-97; in 375-76; 4th, 142n, 189, 192-93,224,225,283, ington Navy Yard, 217; Washington as target proposed expedition against Detroit, 376; for Battle of Sandy Creek, 370; at Benedict, 227; 342; 8th (King's), 582, 658; 21st, 189,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GOVPUB-CS1-4C9e09d16748d10e2bdd184198d2c071-1.Pdf
    I 1 Proi Of RECORDS, [NISTRATION f 4&**i /$ Tio,r «c0iSrte^u REGISTER OF ALL OFFICERS AND AGENTS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND NAVAL, IN SERVICETHE OF THE UNITED STATES, ON The Thirtieth September, 1851. WITH THE NAMES, FORCER AND CONDITION OP ALL SHIPS AND VESSELS BELONG-- ING TO THE UNITED STATES, AND WHEN AND WHERE BUILT ; TOGETHER WITH THE NAMES AND COMPENSATION OF ALL PRINTERS IN ANY WAX EMPLOYED BY CONGRESS, OB ANY DEPARTMENT OR OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT. PREPARED AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, In pursuance of Resolutions of Congress of April 27,1816, and July 14,1832. WASHINGTON: GIDEON AND CO., PRINTERS. 1851. RESOLUTION requiring the Secretary of State to compile and print, once in every two years, a register of all officers and agents, civil, military, and naval, in the service ot tne United States. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Con­ gress assembled, That, once in two years, a Register, containing correct lists of all the officers and agents, civil, military, and naval, in the service of the United States, made up to the last day of September of each year in which a new Congress is to assemble, be compiled and printed, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of State. And, to ena­ ble him to form such Register, he, for his own Department, and the Heads of the other De­ partments, respectively, shall, in due time, cause such lists as aforesaid, of all officers and agents, in their respective Departments, including clerks, cadets, and midshipmen, to be made and lodged in the office of the Department of State.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Land Attracted Many Colonists to Texas in 1840S 3-29-92 “No Quitting Sense” We Claim Is Typically Texas
    “Between the Creeks” Gwen Pettit This is a compilation of weekly newspaper columns on local history written by Gwen Pettit during 1986-1992 for the Allen Leader and the Allen American in Allen, Texas. Most of these articles were initially written and published, then run again later with changes and additions made. I compiled these articles from the Allen American on microfilm at the Allen Public Library and from the Allen Leader newspapers provided by Mike Williams. Then, I typed them into the computer and indexed them in 2006-07. Lois Curtis and then Rick Mann, Managing Editor of the Allen American gave permission for them to be reprinted on April 30, 2007, [email protected]. Please, contact me to obtain a free copy on a CD. I have given a copy of this to the Allen Public Library, the Harrington Library in Plano, the McKinney Library, the Allen Independent School District and the Lovejoy School District. Tom Keener of the Allen Heritage Guild has better copies of all these photographs and is currently working on an Allen history book. Keener offices at the Allen Public Library. Gwen was a longtime Allen resident with an avid interest in this area’s history. Some of her sources were: Pioneering in North Texas by Capt. Roy and Helen Hall, The History of Collin County by Stambaugh & Stambaugh, The Brown Papers by George Pearis Brown, The Peters Colony of Texas by Seymour V. Conner, Collin County census & tax records and verbal history from local long-time residents of the county. She does not document all of her sources.
    [Show full text]
  • WEIGHT MANAGEMENT Index
    CHOOSE YOUR FOOD LISTS FOR FOODS WEIGHT MANAGEMENT Index barley, 16 brussels sprouts, 31 chicken, 35, 36, 45, 46, 47, A beans, 10, 19, 31, 38, 45, 47, buckwheat, 16 48 acidophilus milk, 27 49 buffalo, 35 chicken breast, breaded and agave syrup, 53 bean sprouts, 31 bulgur, 16 fried, 45 alcohol, 10, 60, 61 beef, 35, 36, 45, 47, 49 burritos, 47 chicken drumstick, breaded almond butter, 38, 41 beef/chicken/shrimp with butter, 43 and fried, 45 almond milk, 27, 41 vegetables in sauce, 46 butter blends made with oil, chicken noodle soup, 49 almonds, 41 beef jerky, 35 43 chicken nuggets, 45 amaranth, 16, 31 “beef” or “sausage” buttermilk, 27 “chicken” nuggets, soy- American cheese, 37 crumbles, soy-based, 38 based, 38 angel food cake, 52 beef tongue, 36 C chicken salad, 48 animal crackers, 18 beer, 61 cabbage, 31 chicken sandwich, 47 apple juice/cider, 24 beets, 31 cake, 52 chicken thigh, breaded and apples, 22 bell peppers, 31 Canadian bacon, 35 fried, 45 applesauce, 22 biscotti, 52 candy, hard, 53 chicken wings, 45 apricots, 22 biscuits, 14, 47 canola oil, 41 chicory, 31 artichoke, 31 black beans, 19, 38 cantaloupe, 22 Chinese spinach, 31 artichoke hearts, 31 blackberries, 22 carrots, 31 chitterlings, 43 arugula, 31 black-eyed peas, 19, 38 cashew butter, 38, 41 chives, 31 asparagus, 31 blueberries, 22, 55 cashews, 41 chocolate chip cookies, 52 avocados, 41 bok choy, 31 cassava, 17 chocolate, dark or milk- bologna, 37 casseroles, 45 type, 53 B borscht, 49 catfish, 35 chocolate “kisses,” 53 baby corn, 31 bran, 15, 16 cauliflower, 31 chocolate
    [Show full text]
  • Washington and Saratoga Counties in the War of 1812 on Its Northern
    D. Reid Ross 5-8-15 WASHINGTON AND SARATOGA COUNTIES IN THE WAR OF 1812 ON ITS NORTHERN FRONTIER AND THE EIGHT REIDS AND ROSSES WHO FOUGHT IT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Illustrations Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown 3 Map upstate New York locations 4 Map of Champlain Valley locations 4 Chapters 1. Initial Support 5 2. The Niagara Campaign 6 3. Action on Lake Champlain at Whitehall and Training Camps for the Green Troops 10 4. The Battle of Plattsburg 12 5. Significance of the Battle 15 6. The Fort Erie Sortie and a Summary of the Records of the Four Rosses and Four Reids 15 7. Bibliography 15 2 Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown as depicted3 in an engraving published in 1862 4 1 INITIAL SUPPORT Daniel T. Tompkins, New York’s governor since 1807, and Peter B. Porter, the U.S. Congressman, first elected in 1808 to represent western New York, were leading advocates of a war of conquest against the British over Canada. Tompkins was particularly interested in recruiting and training a state militia and opening and equipping state arsenals in preparation for such a war. Normally, militiamen were obligated only for three months of duty during the War of 1812, although if the President requested, the period could be extended to a maximum of six months. When the militia was called into service by the governor or his officers, it was paid by the state. When called by the President or an officer of the U.S. Army, it was paid by the U.S. Treasury. In 1808, the United States Congress took the first steps toward federalizing state militias by appropriating $200,000 – a hopelessly inadequate sum – to arm and train citizen soldiers needed to supplement the nation’s tiny standing army.
    [Show full text]
  • Polynesian Canoe Plants, Including Breadfruit, Taro, and Coconut: the Ultimate in Sustainability Planning Posted on June 27, 2019 by Leslie Lang
    HOME HOURS & DIRECTIONS GARDEN SLIDESHOW GARDEN NEWS & BLOG Polynesian Canoe Plants, Including Breadfruit, Taro, and Coconut: the Ultimate in Sustainability Planning Posted on June 27, 2019 by Leslie Lang Do you know about “canoe plants?” These are the plants—such as kalo (taro), ‘ulu (breadfruit), and niu (coconut), among others—that Polynesians brought in their carefully-stocked voyaging canoes perhaps 1,600 years ago when they first settled in Hawai‘i. Canoe plants are one more piece of the evidence showing us that the people who colonized Hawai‘i were intelligent voyagers who came in planned expeditions, not islanders who drifted here unintentionally. Not only did they successfully navigate the oceans like highways, but before they left home to explore and settle new lands, they pr​​epared themselves well. After all, they had to sustain themselves both during their long journeys and also upon arrival in a new island group, where they didn’t know what resources they would find. They maximized their limited space by packing seeds, roots, shoots, and cuttings of their most critical plants, the ones they relied on the most for food, medicine, and for making containers, fabric, cordage, and more. We can identify about 24 plants that arrived in Hawai‘i as canoe plants. You can see samples of some of them at Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden. The Most Significant Polynesian Canoe Plants: ‘Ulu ‘Ulu (Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus incisus or Artocarpus communis) belongs to the Moracceae (fig or mulberry) family. Known in English as breadfruit, the ‘ulu tree produces a “fruit” that is actually a vegetable with a high carbohydrate content.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 5 Fort Mchenry.Pdf
    American Battlefield Trust Volume 5 BROADSIDE A Journal of the Wars for Independence for Students Fort McHenry and the Birth of an Anthem Of all the battles in American history none is more With a war being fought on the periphery of the Unit- connected with popular culture than the battle of Fort ed States the British, under the influence of Admiral McHenry fought during the War of 1812. The British George Cockburn, decided to bring the war more di- attack on Fort McHenry and the rectly to America by attacking the large garrison flag that could be Chesapeake Region. The British seen through the early morning Navy, with Marines and elements mist, inspired Washington, DC of their army wreaked havoc along lawyer Francis Scott Key to pen the Chesapeake burning numer- what in 1931 would be adopted ous town and settlements. Howev- by Congress as our National An- er, Cockburn had two prizes in them, the Star-Spangled Ban- mind – Washington, DC and Bal- ner. The anthem is played be- timore, Maryland. Retribution for fore countless sports events the burning of York was never far from high school through the from his mind and what a blow he ranks of professional games. thought, would it be to American The story of the creation of the morale if he could torch the still Star-Spangled Banner is as developing American capital. Af- compelling as the story of the ter pushing aside a motley assort- attack on Baltimore. ment of American defenders of the approach to Washington, DC In 1812, a reluctant President at the battle of Bladensburg, Mar- James Madison asked Congress yland, Cockburn and his forces for a Declaration of War against entered the city and put the torch Great Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • War of 1812 Travel Map & Guide
    S u sq u eh a n n a 1 Westminster R 40 r e iv v e i r 272 R 15 anal & Delaware C 70 ke Chesapea cy a Northeast River c o Elk River n 140 Havre de Chesapeake o 97 Grace City 49 M 26 40 Susquehanna 213 32 Flats 301 13 795 95 1 r e Liberty Reservoir v i R Frederick h 26 s 9 u B 695 Elk River G 70 u 340 n Sa p ssaf 695 rass 83 o Riv w er r e d 40 e v i r R R Baltimore i 13 95 v e r y M c i 213 a dd c le o B R n 70 ac iv o k e R r M 270 iv e 301 r P o to m ac 15 ster Che River 95 P 32 a R t i v a 9 e r p Chestertown 695 s 13 co R 20 1 i 213 300 1 ve r 100 97 Rock Hall 8 Leesburg 97 177 213 Dover 2 301 r ive r R e 32 iv M R 7 a r k got n hy te Ri s a v t 95 er e 295 h r p 189 S e o e C v 313 h ve i r C n R R e iv o er h 13 ka 267 495 uc 113 T Whitehall Bay Bay Bridge 50 495 Greensboro 193 495 Queen Milford Anne 7 14 50 Selby 404 Harrington Bay 1 14 Denton 66 4 113 y P 258 a a B t u rn 404 x te 66 Washington D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I War of 1812 Chronology
    THE WAR OF 1812 MAGAZINE ISSUE 26 December 2016 Appendix I War of 1812 Chronology Compiled by Ralph Eshelman and Donald Hickey Introduction This War of 1812 Chronology includes all the major events related to the conflict beginning with the 1797 Jay Treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United Kingdom and the United States of America and ending with the United States, Weas and Kickapoos signing of a peace treaty at Fort Harrison, Indiana, June 4, 1816. While the chronology includes items such as treaties, embargos and political events, the focus is on military engagements, both land and sea. It is believed this chronology is the most holistic inventory of War of 1812 military engagements ever assembled into a chronological listing. Don Hickey, in his War of 1812 Chronology, comments that chronologies are marred by errors partly because they draw on faulty sources and because secondary and even primary sources are not always dependable.1 For example, opposing commanders might give different dates for a military action, and occasionally the same commander might even present conflicting data. Jerry Roberts in his book on the British raid on Essex, Connecticut, points out that in a copy of Captain Coot’s report in the Admiralty and Secretariat Papers the date given for the raid is off by one day.2 Similarly, during the bombardment of Fort McHenry a British bomb vessel's log entry date is off by one day.3 Hickey points out that reports compiled by officers at sea or in remote parts of the theaters of war seem to be especially prone to ambiguity and error.
    [Show full text]
  • Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo Phd Thesis
    ;2<? /81 >42 0<5>5=4 8/@/7 =>/>598 !'+&+#'+)," 6NPGE 9PRIX#=NREKN / >HEQIQ =SBLIRRED FNP RHE 1EGPEE NF ;H1 AR RHE ?MITEPQIRW NF =R$ /MDPEUQ ',,+ 3SKK LERADARA FNP RHIQ IREL IQ ATAIKABKE IM <EQEAPCH.=R/MDPEUQ-3SKK>EVR AR- HRRO-%%PEQEAPCH#PEONQIRNPW$QR#AMDPEUQ$AC$SJ% ;KEAQE SQE RHIQ IDEMRIFIEP RN CIRE NP KIMJ RN RHIQ IREL- HRRO-%%HDK$HAMDKE$MER%'&&()%(,*+ >HIQ IREL IQ OPNRECRED BW NPIGIMAK CNOWPIGHR PERU AND THE BRITISH NAVAL STATION (1808-1839) Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo. Thesis submitted for Philosophy Doctor degree The University of Saint Andrews Maritime Studies 1996 EC A UNI L/ rJ ý t\ jxý DF, ÄNý Jorge Ortiz-Sotelo Peru and the British Naval Station ABSTRACT The protection of British interests in the Pacific was the basic reason to detach a number of Royal Navy's vessels to that Ocean during the Nineteenth Century. There were several British interests in the area, and an assorted number of Britons established in Spanish America since the beginning of the struggle for Independence. Amongst them, merchants was perhaps the most important and influential group, pressing on their government for protection to their trade. As soon as independence reached the western coast of America, a new space was created for British presence. First Valparaiso and afterwards Callao, British merchants were soon firmly established in that part of South America. As had happened in the Atlantic coast, their claims for protection were attended by the British government through the Pacific Squadron, under the flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the South American Station, until 1837, when it was raised to a separate Station.
    [Show full text]
  • The USS Essex Was an American Naval Frigate Launched in 1799 and Served in the Quasi- War with France and the Barbary Wars
    The USS Essex during the War of 1812 The USS Essex was an American naval frigate launched in 1799 and served in the Quasi- War with France and the Barbary Wars. But it was in the War of 1812 where the Essex under the command of Captain David Porter achieved legendary status as a raider wreaking havoc on British whaling ships. The wooden hull ship was built in Salem, Massachusetts, by Enos Briggs, following a design by William Hackett, at a cost of $139, 362. The ship was 138ft 7 in length by 37 ft, 3½ in width with a displacement of 850 tons. The fully-rigged ship was capable of speeds of 12 knots and carried forty 32 pound carronades with a crew, which varied up to over 150 men and boys. Launched on 30 September 1799, the Essex was presented to the fledgling Unites States Navy and placed under the command of Captain Edward Preble. Joining the Congress at sea to provide a convoy for merchant ships, the Essex became the first American war ship to cross the equator and sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in both March and August 1800. After the initial voyage, Captain William Bainbridge assumed command in 1801, sailing to the Mediterranean to provide protection for American shipping against the Barbary pirates. For the next five years the Essex patrolled the Mediterranean until 1806 when hostilities between the Barbary States ceased. The American Navy was small when the war broke out—seven frigates, nine other crafts suited for sea duty (brigs, sloops, and corvettes), and some 200 gunboats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archive of American Journalism Ray Stannard Baker Collection
    The Archive of American Journalism Ray Stannard Baker Collection McClure’s Magazine September, 1898 How the News of the War is Reported WAR with Spain began, so far as the newspapers were concerned, when the “Maine” was blown up in Havana harbor. The explosion occurred at 9.40 o’clock on the evening of February 15, 1898. At half-past two on the following morning the first reports, filed by the correspondents in Havana, reached New York, and at daylight newsboys in every city in America were crying the extras which gave the details of the disaster. Before noon on the 16th, a tug steamed out of the harbor at Key West with three divers on board. In the few hurried hours after the news reached New York “The World” had telegraphed its representative in Key West, and divers had been roused out of bed, had collected their paraphernalia, and had embarked on the newly chartered tug for Havana. Early in the afternoon, “The World” correspondent in Havana received the following cabled instructions: “Have sent divers to you from Key West to get actual truth, whether favorable or unfavorable. First investigation by divers, with authentic results, worth $1,000 extra expense tomorrow alone.” But when the divers arrived, they were not allowed to make a descent, and all that the newspaper sponsors of the enterprise derived from the expedition was a bill of expense amounting to nearly $1,000. This was the beginning. During the next few days scores of correspondents were rushed into Havana, and half a hundred great newspapers began to fill with news and pictures of the wreck.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Chapter
    Ocean Special Area Management Plan Chapter 4: Cultural and Historic Resources Table of Contents 400 Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 410 Historic Contexts and Cultural Landscapes of the Ocean SAMP Area .......................4 410.1 Pre-Contact Geological History............................................................................5 410.2 Narragansett Tribal History.................................................................................6 410.3 European Exploration and Colonial Settlement Landscape Context .............16 410.4 Post-Colonial Cultural Landscape Context.......................................................18 410.5 Military Landscape Context ...............................................................................21 410.6 Fisheries Landscape Context ..............................................................................31 410.6.1 Rhode Island Fisheries.............................................................................31 410.6.2 Fishing and Subsistence on Block Island.................................................33 410.6.3 Historic Shipwrecks of Fishing Vessels ..................................................34 410.6.4 Historic Harbor Features..........................................................................35 410.7 Marine Transportation and Commercial Landscape Context ........................35 410.8 Recreation and Tourism Landscape Context....................................................38
    [Show full text]