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95 e Easton 331 r Herring 313 Manassas 2 Bay 33 1 301 Dunkirk Bridgeville Hall Creek 260 North Beach Benedict (Patuxent River) — The British landed at Benedict with a 18 Chesapeake Beach force of 4,370 and marched north, ultimately burning Washington. 28 CALVERT Historic Locations 18 Interpretive signage on site. 5 333 Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum — At this50 site, Commodore 13 262 16 Joshua Barney’s Chesapeake Flotilla clashed with the British on June Federalsburg Georgetown Lower Marlboro 8 – 10 and again on June 26, 1814, in the Battles of St. Leonard Creek. of The battles, comprising the largest naval engagement in the history of DESTINATIONS 2/4 Maryland, took place where the Patuxent River meets the mouth of East Hurlock Waldorf St. Leonard Creek.C The naval engagement was supported on land by New Market War Huntingtown hop 392 American Army, Marine,ta and militia units who exchanged hundreds of 210 n shots per hour with British kforces. Exhibits and interpretation on site: er R 16 iv Indian Head 301 10515 Mackall Road, St. Leonard,i MD; 410-586-8501; www.jefpat.org 9 113 ve 313 R Gun Battery Site CHARLES Holland r Huntingtown

5 Cliff (original site) Sotterley Plantation — Sotterley was a mustering site for militia coming 1812 381 e The Reserve Site to the aid of the U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla in June 1814. Many slaves k Millsboro co 225 Dares Beach escaped from the plantation during that summer to join the British. nti Godsgrace Visitors can see the existing slave cabin and the beautifully restored Na Port Oldfields Prince Frederick Laurel La Plata Plantation Colonial Revival plantation house at Sotterley, 44300 Sotterley Lane, Tobacco Hughesville Chapel Maxwell Site Prince Frederick Cambridge Hall Hollywood,iver MD; 301-373-2280; www.sotterley.org Patuxent Courthouse nk R Sharptown 6 pta City 231 ho Chaptico — 5 Hallowing C British forces conducted a raid at Chaptico where many e 16 50 Point tl houses as well as the wharf and tobacco sheds were destroyed and the 331 it L

Christ Episcopal Church damaged. Rt. 234, St. Mary’s County. 6 Chapel Benedict

Charlotte Hall P www.christepiscopalchaptico.org Point o Sheridan St. Leonard 16 Vienna 425 r 264 t 6 Leonardtown — British troops attacked Leonardtown. Interpretive 13 Point T o P signage at Leonardtown Wharf Public Park.

N b a Calverton

a a t Taney Place www.somd.com/leonardtown n c u A c

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q e o e St. Leonard’s Town (original site) R u m i Nanjemoy R n Lower Marlboro — A British force occupied the town June 15 to June a a t 265 o i k Fort Hill Site p e C y v Coles Landing R 95 e 16, 1814. Historic marker on site, at the end of Rt. 262. p e r i r

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e n a k n n 224 o as a temporary headquarters for the British during their march on o ST. MARY’S e c L k 17 234 t. Washington. Historic marker on site, located near Patuxent, Charles Wi Sotterley S Ri com Jefferson Patterson County. www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=28317 ve ic Plantation r 1 o Park & Museum Newburg Chaptico Cove Point R St. Leonard* — Interpretive signage about the St. Leonard Town Site

Potom i 50 ac Creek Lower Cedar v and the First Battle of St. Leonard Creek from June 8 to 10, 1814, and

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the Second Battle of St. Leonard Creek on June 26, 1814. Pt. Patience o Scotch n Solomons g Clements Neck Site Solomonsa — This island was called Somervell’s Island duringFishing War of

238 R r 245 1812. www.solomonsmaryland.com Bay e Calvert Rousby Hall i v iv Fredericksburg e 349 Marine Museum Battle of r

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St. Clement’s Bay the British invasion route up the river. For hours and fees, visit k Breton Bay Great Mills Textile o St. Clement’s www.calvertmarinemuseum.com er Factory Site Great Mills 235 v m 301 Island Museum i o R c 5 Linden House, Prince Frederick* — On July 19, 1814, the British o o St. Clement’s Island S Hooper Strait ic Mulberry ai burned the Calvert County Courthouse, the jail, and a tobacco P State Park nt m Field M co warehouse. www.calverthistory.org i P a W 113 249 r Porto y

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to Bello R Patuxent River Naval Air Museum* — The museum features an exhibit 363

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Port Royal e r on the Battle of Cedar Point, the first naval skirmish in Maryland. The

propertyMap owners were impactedLegend by the War of 1812. a c museum presents the story of naval aviation research and development at M R St. Inigoes Manor Site Naval Air Station Patuxent River. For hours visit http://paxmuseum.com a Raid or other harassment of citizens by British soldiers t iv St. Ignatius Roman Catholic Church ta e * Interpretive signage coming in 2012 p Skirmish between British and American troops r in oni it anok River Snow Hill ra M t Battle between British and American troops St. Jerome Creek S d n R a 1 Mustering sites, camps, look-outs ll i St. George Island o v H e 413 13 r The following symbols designate locations that are publicly accessible,

202 Bowling and where you can go to learn more about the events of 1814:

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264 h et b a z Chesapeakeli 95 258 E 460 13 58 What role did Southern Visit the places where history Maryland play in the war? was made during the War of 1812

ounded by the Chesapeake Bay on the the British blockaded the Patuxent. A series of egin your visit to Southern Maryland at any east, the Potomac River on the west and engagements were fought on St. Leonard Creek, one of the four visitor information centers Prominent Americans connected ofA BRIEF penetrated by the Patuxent River in the a major tributary of the Patuxent River. Known as marked by a question mark on the map. to Southern Maryland’s war Bmiddle, Southern Maryland provided easy water the First and Second Battle of St. Leonard Creek, B BACKGROUND Here you will find maps, brochures, and staff eager War access for British raiding parties. By attacking the this was the largest naval engagement on Maryland to answer questions and offer suggestions for your James Monroe, then Secretary of State, and later Chesapeake, the British hoped to draw American waters. At Indian Head on the Potomac River visit. The following are suggested destinations to President of the United States, served as a scout forces from the Canadian border, but also to the Americans attempted to harass a British naval visit with War of 1812 connections. and reported to Washington on the numbers of n the early 1800s, the young United States bring the war to the capital of the nation. Take a squadron. British ships assembling at Benedict to begin the At Sotterley Plantation, overlooking the majestic of America was1812 politically independent from good look at the map. Each of those orange flame invasion of Maryland. Monroe was also present at a But the most important event that took place in Patuxent River, you may visit the oldest standing skirmish at Woodland Point on the Potomac River Britain, but severely hampered economically Southern Maryland during the War of 1812 was a Iby England’s insistence on unfavorable trade in Charles County. Joshua Barney, a Marylander, huge naval force of some forty-five vessels that sailed Tudor Hall was a distinguished restrictions with its former colonies. In addition, up the Patuxent in August of 1814. This was the British troops continued to occupy disputed 100 barrels of supplies privateer who largest naval force to ever enter Southern Maryland and forty stands of arms. became commodore territory along the Great Lakes and were waters. From these ships over 4,000 troops suspected of backing Native American raids Legend holds that some of of the U.S. landed at Benedict, marched overland, defeated the muskets were “broke to against American settlers on the frontier. Most Leonardtown Wharf Chesapeake Flotilla the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg, and pieces . . . and were only fit built to protect the dramatically, the Royal Navy periodically captured captured Washington. This was the first and only Public Park and impressed American sailors into service on to stick frogs with.” region from the time that a foreign power captured our capital. Royal Navy. Barney the high seas. At Chaptico visit Christ Episcopal Church, led the flotilla built under the supervision of Phillip Key. Several The War of 1812 was an armed conflict between during the Battles of Sotterley Plantation members of the Key family are buried in the Key the United States and Great Britain that officially St. Leonard Creek vault located immediately behind the church. The began on June 18, 1812, and ended on February symbols indicates a place in Southern Maryland and also played a vault is identified by “defais le foi” and the image 16, 1815, with the American ratification of the where the British carried out raids. The crossed plantation house in Maryland. Here the British conspicuous part drove off 300 militia, burned a warehouse full of Treaty of Ghent. The vote to go to war, 79-49 in sword symbol represents places where skirmishing Courtesy Maryland Historical Society in the Battle of the House and 19-13 in the Senate, was the closest took place between British and American troops. tobacco, and thirty-nine slaves escaped. At Jefferson Joshua Barney Bladensburg. Oliver vote on any formal declaration of war in American No other region of Maryland suffered more raids Patterson Park and Museum, you can see the Hazard Perry, hero history. Because the United States sought to win and skirmishes. The cannon symbol represents new War of 1812 exhibit about the Battles of St. of the Battle of Lake Erie, who fought under the the war by conquering Canada, the principal places where battles took place. In June, off Cedar Leonard Creek. Walking trails provide excellent flagDon’t Give Up the Ship, commanded the gun theater of war was located on the Canadian- Point at the mouth of the Patuxent River, the battery at Indian Head, mentioned above. John American border, but the Chesapeake Bay, the U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla, a mosquito fleet of fifty Stuart Skinner, a native of Calvert County, served

Gulf Coast, and the high seas were also important and seventy-five-foot gunbarges, was forced to Photo: David Krankowski as an agent for the exchange of American prisoners theaters. retreat within the confines of the river whereupon Q It can’t be expected that I can defend every man’s turnip patch. Maxwell Hall — Attributed to President Madison in response ADDITIONAL to a request for troops in the Chesapeake region. of an eagle perched on a shield holding a key in INFORMATION its beak. During the British raid legend holds that Q the church suffered damage to its marble floors Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum and was present with Francis Scott Key during Q when horses were reportedly stabled there. A raised Fairview Information Center the bombardment of Fort McHenry. Some credit 8120 Southern Maryland Boulevard (MD Rt. 4) wooden floor now covers the original damaged floor. views of the creek and Patuxent River. Additional Skinner as being the first to have Key’s famous lyrics Owings (410) 257-5381 The church organ was also damaged and some grave exhibits about the war can be found at the Calvert printed. Roger Taney, another Calvert Countian Solomons Information Center vaults desecrated. At Benedict one can visit the Marine Museum. Here artifacts recovered from best known as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 14175 Solomons Island Road South (MD Rt. 2) town where over 4,000 British troops landed and married Key’s sister and wrote an account of the Solomons (410) 326-6027 camped before marching to Washington. Nearby writing of “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Crain Memorial Information Center is Maxwell Hall, a restored home said to have 12480 Crain Highway (MD Rt. 301) been used by the British during their occupation Newburg, MD 20644 of Benedict. According to local legend, two British Prominent British officers (301) 259-2500 www.charlescounty.org/tourism soldiers are buried at Oldfields Chapel.The St. Mary’s County Welcome Center at Charlotte Hall James Alexander Gordon was a distinguished gravestone of Henry Canter reminds us of another 37575 Charlotte Hall School Road (MD Rt. 5) officer in the Royal Navy who commanded the legend where Charlotte Hall, MD 20622 British squadron that forced the surrender of Fort 301-884-7059 or 800-327-9023 SPONSORS Henry was able Washington and the occupation of Alexandria. to retrieve his Calvert County Tourism Office He was hailed as “The Last of Nelson’s Captains.” Courthouse Square, 205 Main Street Q horse from Major General Robert Ross served in the British Prince Frederick, MD 20678 the British by Army and directed the land troops that marched (800) 331-9771 www.co.cal.md.us/visitors SOUTHERN sneaking up Calvert Marine Museum on Washington. He was later mortally wounded Charles County Tourism Office near the British at the Battle of North Point several miles outside 200 Baltimore Street, P.O. Box 2150 MARYLAND encampment La Plata, MD 20664 the scuttled U.S. Chesapeake Flotilla are displayed Baltimore. For his success at Bladensburg his family at night and 301-259-2500 www.charlescounty.org/tourism as well as a fiber optic map that illustrates the story was given the honor of a second crest in which whistling for it. St. Mary’s County Tourism Office HERITAGE AREA of the British invasion of Maryland. At the end an arm is seen grasping the stars and stripes on a of Maryland Route 2 on Solomons Island is an 23115 Leonard Hall Drive, P.O. Box 653 At Lower broken staff, and the family name was changed to Leonardtown, MD 20650 interpretive wayside sign that tells the story of the Chaptico Christ Church Marlboro there the victory title “Ross-of-Bladensburg.” The most www.visitstmarysmc.com Battle of Cedar Point, the British blockade of the is interpretation about the war at the old steamboat hated British officer was the ruthless Rear Admiral The Calvert Marine Museum Patuxent River, and several of the plantations raided dock where you will enjoy excellent views of the George Cockburn. He held important commands is open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the mouth of the river. For information call 410-326-2042 Patuxent River. Beautiful views of the Potomac during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 or visit www.calvertmarinemuseum.com This map represents a partnership among the three At Leonardtown visit the stately Tudor Hall, once River can be seen at St. Ignatius Catholic Church- and eventually rose to become Admiral of the Fleet Southern Maryland counties of Calvert, Charles, and Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum is open owned by Phillip Key, uncle of Francis Scott Key, St. Thomas Manor,situated on a ninety-foot hill and First Sea Lord. In Southern Maryland he seized Wednesday through Sunday, mid-April through St. Mary’s, the Calvert Marine Museum, Jefferson at Chapel Point near Port Tobacco. The U.S. Navy shipping, disrupted commerce, and made scores Patterson Park and Museum, and Sotterley Plantation. of and now home of the St. Mary’s County Historical mid-October, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. For information call The project was funded by a grant from the Southern Society. From there, it is just a short walk or ride established an observation post at this strategic of raids along the tidewater. The nation’s leading 410-586-8501 or visit www.jefpat.org TRAVEL Maryland Heritage Area Consortium and the to Leonardtown Wharf Public Park at the end of location to observe British ship movements on the magazine, Niles’ Weekly Register, called Cockburn Sotterley Plantation, War a National Historic Landmark, Maryland Heritage Areas Authority with matching MAP AND Washington Street. One-thousand-five-hundred Potomac River. Visitors may take a seasonal water a “Great Bandit” and “The Leader Of A Host is open Tuesday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., funds provided by the partners. Dr. Ralph Eshelman taxi to the island where the British sunk wells for Of Barbarians” and branded his troops “water- and Sunday noon to 4 p.m. For information call British troops hoped to capture a large militia force provided the text and consulted on the map, and the GUIDE water, cut trees to build boats, and harrassed the Winnebagoes,” a reference to the militant Native 301-373-2280 or 800-681-0850 design is by Design Mason Graphics. here but found they had fled leaving behind about or visit www.sotterley.com 1812 island inhabitants. Americans in the Old Northwest. Cover photo: David Krankowski