CITY COUNCIL AND REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY (RDA) CONCURRENT REGULAR MEETING
AGENDA
John Beaudet Community Center 1525 Median Avenue Shasta Lake, CA 96019
Tuesday, April 5, 2011 at 6:00 P.M.
The Brown Act prohibits the Council from taking action on any item not placed on the Agenda in most cases. The Brown Act requires any non-confidential documents or writings distributed to a majority of the City Council less than 72 hours before a regular meeting to be made available to members of the public at the same time they are distributed.
Should supplemental materials to be evaluated in the decision making process be made available to the members of the legislative body at the meeting, seven (7) copies must be provided to the City Clerk who will distribute them.
Agenda packets are available for public review at City Hall, 1650 Stanton Drive, Shasta Lake, CA during normal business hours of 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. weekdays, excluding holidays.
Parties with a disability as provided by the American Disabilities Act who require special accommodations in order to participate in the public meeting should make a request to the City Clerk at least 72 hours prior to the meeting.
1.0 CITY COUNCIL/RDA MEETING – CALL TO ORDER
Call to order (please place cell phones and pagers on silent. Statement for the record of Council/Board members present Pledge of Allegiance Invocation
2.0 AWARDS/RECOGNITIONS
CC a) Proclamation declaring April 2011 as Child Abuse Prevention Awareness Month. Page 1
b) Proclamation declaring April 10-16, 2011 as National Library Week. Page 2
c) Proclamation recognizing April 10-16, 2011 as National Week of the Young Child Page 3 with the 2011 theme, (Early Years are Learning Years.”
3.0 COMMUNICATIONS
3.1 Presentations:
a) Outside Agency Donation Report for the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Page 4 Society.
Agenda – Tuesday, April 5, 2011
3.2 Public Comment Period: This time is set aside for citizens to address the City Council/RDA Board on matters listed on the Consent Agenda as well as other items not included on the regular agenda. If your comments concern an item noted on the regular agenda, please address the Council after that item is open for public comment. Each speaker is allocated three (3) minutes to speak. Speakers may not cede their time. Comments should be limited to matters within the jurisdiction of the City. Persons wishing to address the Council/RDA should fill out a Speaker Request Form prior to the beginning of the meeting and submit it to the City Clerk. Forms are available from the City Clerk, 1650 Stanton Drive, Shasta Lake, on the City’s website, or at the back of the meeting hall. If you have documents to present to members of the Council to review, please provide a minimum of seven copies.
3.3 Commission/Committee Reports
3.4 Staff Comments/Reports
a) Information Item – Follow-up Report on the Goals and Objectives Workshop Page 5 held on February 9, 2011.
3.5 City Council/RDA Board Comments/Reports Brief reports by members of the Council regarding correspondence, events and or/meetings attended. Announcements of upcoming events or meetings. In compliance with Assembly Bill 1234, Council will report on attendance at conferences/meetings/events reimbursed at City expense.
4.0 CONSENT AGENDA
NOTICE: The items listed under the Consent Agenda are considered routine business and will be voted on together by one motion unless a Council Member requests a specific item to be removed and discussed separately.
CC/RDA 4.1 Approval of the regular CC/RDA meeting minutes for March 15, 2011. Page 11
4.2 Resolution accepting the Montana Avenue Safe Routes to School project as Page 15 complete and authorizing staff to file a Notice of Completion.
4.3 Resolution accepting the annual Tree Trimming Contract in the amount of Page 17 $98,781 as a complete and authorizing staff to file a Notice of Completion.
4.4 Resolution authorizing Shasta County to submit a regional application to the Page 19 California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery for a local government Household Hazardous Waste Grant for fiscal year 2010/2011, 19th cycle.
5.0 PUBLIC HEARINGS
6.0 REGULAR AGENDA
Agenda – Tuesday, April 5, 2011
6.1 Discussion and possible action on Resolution approving the use of the City’s Page 21 existing liability insurance policy for the Skate Movement event.
6.2 Discussion and possible action on Resolution expressing the City Council’s Page 26 interest in using a portion of the Civic Center site for a permanent public museum and in working with the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society as they apply for grant funding for such museum.
6.3 Discussion and possible action on Resolution accepting the Historic Context Page 32 Statement prepared by Carey & Co. dated February 11, 2011.
6.4 Discussion and possible direction regarding the development of a Sunshine Page 35 Ordinance and revisions to the City Council Code.
7.0 COUNCIL/STAFF REPORTS/COMMENTS
7.1 Staff Comments/Reports
7.2 City Council./RDA Board Comments/Reports
8.0 Adjourn to the Housing Authority meeting
1.0 HOUSING AUTHORITY
2.0 PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD:
The Chair reserves the right to limit the duration of each speaker to three minutes.
3.0 REGULAR AGENDA:
3.1 Presentation and possible action to accept the Shasta Lake Housing Authority Page 37 2010 Annual Report.
4.0 ADJOURNMENT
www.cityofshastalake.org
Committee and Commission Meetings:
City Council/ Redevelopment Agency Meetings 1st and 3rd Tuesday at 6:00 p.m. Parks and Recreation Advisory Commission 4th Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. in January, March, May, July, September, and November Planning Commission 3rd Thursday at 6:00 p.m.
City Council Meetings are televised on Channel 11 the following Wednesday at 8:30 p.m. and Friday at 2:00 p.m.
“This is an equal opportunity institution” 2.1
PROCLAMATION ______
A PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL DECLARING APRIL 2011 AS CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AWARENESS MONTH ______
WHEREAS, as a community, we have a responsibility to value, nurture, and protect our children to help ensure that they are given every opportunity to reach their full potential; and
WHEREAS, in fiscal year 2008-09, Shasta County Children and Family Services received child abuse and neglect referrals for 3,186 children; and
WHEREAS, scientific studies confirm a direct link between child abuse and a significantly greater risk later in life for divorce, substance abuse, crime, suicide, and premature death from cancer and other serious illnesses; and
WHEREAS, all citizens can become more aware of child abuse and its prevention within the community, become involved in supporting parents and remembering it only takes a minute to brighten a child’s life with praise, encouragement and love.
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City of Shasta Lake hereby proclaims April 2011 as “Child Abuse Prevention Awareness Month,” and calls upon all agencies, organizations, medical facilities, community members, and businesses to increase their participation in our efforts to prevent child abuse, thereby strengthening the communities in which we live.
Read into the record this 5th day of April, 2011 by Councilmember Dixon
______ROD LINDSAY, Mayor 2.2
PROCLAMATION
A PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL DECLARING APRIL 10-16, 2011 AS “NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK”
WHEREAS, our nation’s public, academic, school and specialized libraries transform their communities; and
WHEREAS, America’s libraries are cornerstones of our democracy, and libraries are the guardians of free access to information and resources; and
WHEREAS, library resources make available opportunities for personal, professional, and educational growth, as well as recreational reading for individuals of all ages; and
WHEREAS, the City of Shasta Lake City Council recognizes the vital role that libraries play in supporting our community quality of life.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Shasta Lake City Council proclaims April 10-16, 2011 as “National Library Week.”
Read into the record this 5th day of April, 2011 by Councilmember Lucero.
ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
2.3
PROCLAMATION
A PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL RECOGNIZING APRIL 10TH – 16TH, 2011 AS NATIONAL WEEK OF THE YOUNG CHILD WITH THE 2011 THEME, “EARLY YEARS ARE LEARNING YEARS”
WHEREAS, Week of the Young Child is held each year to honor young children and to thank teachers and all those who make a difference in young children’s lives; and
WHEREAS, all children need and deserve high-quality early learning experiences that will prepare them for life; and
WHEREAS, Week of the Young Child is a time to recognize the importance of early learning and early literacy; and
WHEREAS, it is the goal of the National Association for the Education of Young Children to raise awareness in communities of the need for early education and public policies that benefit all young children.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT PROCLAIMED that the City of Shasta Lake City Council recognizes April 10th – 16th, 2011 as National Week of the Young Child with the 2011 theme, “Early Years are Learning Years.”
Read into the record this 5th day of April, 2011 by Councilmember Farr.
ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
3.1a Report and Recommendations Reviewed and Approved
______City Manager
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Carol Martin, City Manager
FROM: Jessaca Lugo, Program Manager
DATE: March 17, 2011
SUBJECT: Outside Agency Donation Reports
FILE NO:
RECOMMENDATION:
Presentations By:
Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society Barbara Cross, President
BACKGROUND
The City of Shasta Lake provides annual donations to various outside agencies for services that will be utilized towards the benefit of our community. Council has requested periodically to receive written/verbal reports on the expenditure status of the donated funds. Staff notified various agencies of the scheduled council meeting. This agency will have a member report on the status of funding expenditures.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
None
ATTACHMENTS:
None
DISTRIBUTION:
City Council Assistant City Manager
3.4a
CITY OF SHASTA LAKE
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WORKSHOP‐FEBRUARY 9, 2011
Economic Development and Downtown Revitalization
Goal Statement
1. Develop a community character that promotes economic vitality, environmental protection and social equity. a. Partner with other local/regional agencies. (4 dots) b. Reduce blight. (1 dot) c. Expand Sphere of Influence (1 dot) d. Work on Regional Economic Development Participation. (1 dot) e. Honor our Heritage (1 dot) f. Define “downtown” and create an inviting environment (Not necessarily physical boundaries) g. Spend Redevelopment Funds ($) before the government gets it. Keep Redevelopment alive. h. Public Parking 2. Welcome green and ecologically sound businesses and development a. “Go Green” to improve parks and roadways. (Utilizing local nurseries/to increase commerce and jobs) (1 dot) b. Green businesses (1 dot) 3. Grow the non‐residential base consistent with the General Plan a. Build hotel/conference center (8 dots) b. Encourage in‐fill development, work out incentives, such as impact fee deferrals (5 dots) c. Expand SGIP (Industrial Park) (3 dots) d. Develop Four Corners 151 & Lake‐add signage (2 dots) e. Finish Civic Center Development (1 dot) f. Identify blighted areas and offer incentives to maintain (1 dots) 4. Market local businesses and promote tourism (8 dots) a. Add murals to City Programs (1 dot) b. Advertise in major journals to attract entrepreneurs (1 dot) c. Signage for business in Industrial Park (removable letters) d. Electric Reader Board e. Method to ID business on SDB (bring attention to businesses over the hill from the freeway) f. Put information in each business to promote City g. Keep up heat on State to preserve Enterprise Zone. 5. Develop educational and employment opportunities to expand workforce skills. a. Job programs for youth (2 dots) b. Career Economic Development through SCC based here. Increase career education and vocational programs by establishing a Shasta College Outreach campus, possibly through SC Economic and Workforce Development Department
INFRASTRUCTURE/STREETS AND ROADS
Goal Statement
1. The City will continue to operate and maintain the Wastewater Plant efficiently while looking to the future needs of the community. a. Increase Sewer Treatment Plant Capabilities. (2 dots) b. Look for ways to reduce future utility increases (rates) (1 dot) c. Increase Reclaimed Water Usage. d. Reduce nuisance issue at 1‐5 and SDB 2. The City will provide the best feasible local and regional infrastructure to move people and traffic safely. a. Fix well traveled road first (Grand Oaks) (2 dots) b. Get Pine Grove fixed (1 dot) c. Repair and Repave all City Streets (1 dot) d. Traffic lights on SDB for key intersections (1 dot) e. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (1 dot) f. Develop Commercial Center Infrastructure Plan g. Light up Crosswalks on SDB h. Provide more Street Lighting i. Pursue additional Safe Routes to School Projects j. Pursue additional Bike Lane Grants k. Collaboration and consider ownership of Hwy 151 into the City’s Street System
3. The City will create a sustainable commitment to promote energy efficiency activities. a. Establish a drop off area for Compact Flourescent Lights (2 dots) b. Develop a Legislative Strategic Plan (2 dots) c. Look for ways to reduce future utility increases (rates) (1 dot) d. Continue efforts to achieve the New Housing Solar Usage Mandate e. Market Energy Savings Rebates
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Goal Statement
1. The City will encourage and support new housing development and rehabilitation of existing properties. a. Use HUD process to purchase foreclosed properties (1 dot) b. Consider incentives for larger lot sizes (greater than 40’ x 60’) c. Increase marketing efforts of existing programs to community i. E‐market to investors/lenders/others to promote City programs ii. Improve energy audit response rate 2. The City will strive to develop affordable housing units. a. Encourage development of multi‐family and senior housing. b. Recognize need for transitional housing 3. The City will promote and enhance community pride within its boundaries. (1 dot) a. Explore funding opportunities for the building of the Library/Museum complex at the Civic Center (3 dots) b. Encourage additional joint‐use projects (Multi‐purpose room w/Gateway) (3 dots) c. Enhance educational choices (using existing facilities)—opportunities for GED, Advanced Degrees, Satellite Campus (2 dots) d. Ensure defensible space needs are addressed through public outreach and education e. Educate Board of Realtors about local schools f. Plant trees on SDB Boulevard g. Parks are needed within walking distance h. Evaluate multi‐parcel ownership (absentee landlords) i. Encourage community involvement j. Adopt an area program k. Hire civic engagement coordinator l. Collaborate with Healthy Shasta
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Goal Statement
1. The Shasta Lake Law Enforcement Division will provide the highest level of service for the citizens of our City, while protecting the peace and improving community livability. a. Strive to lower the Crime Rate (1 dot) b. Increase Personnel (1 dot) c. Motorcycle control (1 dot) d. Maintain current staffing levels in case of State budget shortfalls e. Decrease Response Time f. Increase Park Patrols 2. The Shasta Lake Law Enforcement Division will encourage community policing throughout the City with education and participation. a. School Resource Officer (2 dots) b. Cut down on Non‐Emergency calls (1 dot) c. Encourage Neighborhood Watch programs d. Fortify Citizens’ Patrol 3. The Shasta Lake Law Enforcement Division will strive to make our streets safer and reduce vandalism and drug issues. a. Target Areas for Enforcement (2 dots) b. Assist Youth and Schools Partnership to reduce domestic and drug issues (2 dots) c. Secure funding for Radar Speed Limit Signs (1 dot) d. Parental Education of Juvenile Offender
PARKS AND RECREATION
Goal Statement
1. The City of Shasta Lake will work to create a secure funding source and identify operational efficiencies for Parks Maintenance. (1 dot) a. Cameras (1 dot) b. Additional lighting for Parks. c. Use more native plants (water efficiency) d. Pursue Parks Grants e. Map Heritage Trees f. Get rid of arundo 2. It is the goal of the Shasta Lake Parks and Recreation Department to provide the community with high quality, safe, and entertaining recreational opportunities. a. Swimming Pool Partnership w/Schools (2 dots) b. Recreational center for kids (1 dot) c. Provide additional activities for families at Park d. Co‐ed softball league to prevent vandals e. Continue to pursue parks grants f. Water feature
…1 City Council\Goals and Objectives Workshop\2011 Goals and Objectives.docx
4.1
CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL AND REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY CONCURRENT MEETING MINUTES
MINUTES OF THE REGULAR CONCURRENT MEETING HELD TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 2011, AT THE JOHN BEAUDET COMMUNITY CENTER, 1525 MEDIAN AVENUE, SHASTA LAKE, CALIFORNIA.
1.0 CITY COUNCIL/RDA MEETING - 6:05 p.m.
Council/Board members present: Dixon, Farr, Lindsay, Lucero, Watkins Council/Board members absent: None Pledge of Allegiance Invocation
2.0 AWARDS/RECOGNITIONS
2.1 Resolution read by Councilmember Watkins commending the Central Valley High School Varsity Basketball Team for their successful season of accomplishments and teamwork.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Lucero), and carried, Resolution CC 11-09 was approved
2.2 Resolution read by Councilmember Farr honoring our local Law Enforcement Officers for their dedication in serving our community.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Farr/Lucero), and carried, Resolution CC 11-10 was approved
2.3 Resolution read by Councilmember Dixon honoring the Shasta Lake Citizen’s Patrol for their service to our community.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Dixon/Lucero), and carried, Resolution CC 11-11 was approved.
3.0 COMMUNICATIONS :
3.1 Presentations
a) Grand Oaks Elementary Students gave a presentation regarding their concerns about the vandalism of their walking trail.
Minutes – March 15, 2011
b) Presentation on upcoming Skate and Art Show.
c) Outside Agency Funding Reports were given by the following:
Beth Hubener of the Multi-Cultural Program
3.2 PUBLIC COMMENT:
Oly Olsen commented on Councilmember Lucero’s conduct and treatment of staff.
3.3 Commission/Committee Reports
3.4 Staff Comments/Reports:
Development Services Director, Carla Thompson reported on Mayor Lindsay’s appointment of Planning Commissioners Kirkland and van Wyhe to the Grading, Erosion Control and Hillside Development Ordinance Ad Hoc Committee.
3.5 City Council/RDA Board Reports/Comments/Correspondence
Item 5.1 was taken out of order due to a guest speaker.
5.1 Public Hearing and possible action on Resolution authorizing submittal of an application to the State Community Development Block Grant Program Economic Development Allocation for Microenterprise training and technical assistance activities, and authorizing the City Manager or Designee to execute all documents and amendments pertaining to the application and award.
Mayor Lindsay opened the public hearing. There were no comments and the public hearing was closed.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Farr/Watkins), and carried, Resolution CC 11-14 was approved.
4.0 CONSENT AGENDA:
4.1 Approval of the regular CC/RDA meeting minutes of March 1, 2011.
4.2 Resolution CC 11-12 approving an agreement with the City of Redding for Summer Fun Camp 2011.
4.3 Resolution CC 11-13 authorizing the City to accept donations and disburse funds for school bank uniforms.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Farr), and carried, the consent calendar was approved. Abstain: Councilmember Lucero stated she was abstaining from item 4.1.
A five minute break was taken from 7:10 to 7:15 pm and Mayor Lindsay reconvened the meeting.
Minutes – March 15, 2011
5.0 PUBLIC HEARINGS
5.2 Public Hearing and possible action to approve the use of Redevelopment Agency funds to rehabilitate the John Beaudet Community Center.
Mayor Lindsay opened the public hearing. There were no comments and the public hearing was closed.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Lucero), and carried, Resolution RDA 11-06 was approved.
5.3 Public Hearing and possible action to approve the use of Redevelopment Agency funds for upgrade of Lift Station #4.
Mayor Lindsay opened the public hearing. There were no comments and the public hearing was closed.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Lucero/Dixon), and carried, Resolution RDA 11-07 was approved.
5.4 Public Hearing and possible action to approve the use of Redevelopment Agency funds in the amount of $41,000 for upgrades to Park Lighting within Clair Engle Park.
Mayor Lindsay opened the public hearing. There were no comments and the public hearing was closed.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Lucero), and carried, Resolution RDA 11-08 was approved.
5.5 Public Hearing and possible action to approve the use of Redevelopment Agency funds for design of a new reclaimed water line to serve the Tierra Oaks Golf Course.
Mayor Lindsay opened the public hearing. There were no comments and the public hearing was closed.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Farr/Watkins), and carried, Resolution RDA 11-09 was approved.
A three minute break was taken from 8:10 to 8:13 pm and Mayor Lindsay reconvened the meeting.
6.0 REGULAR AGENDA
6.1 Discussion and possible action to conduct the second reading and adoption of an Ordinance establishing an electric utility rate increase.
Minutes – March 15, 2011
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Dixon), and carried, Ordinance 11-219 was approved. Noes: Lucero
6.2 Discussion and possible action to adopt a Resolution approving a waiver of building permit fees for the Wynne Price Park Scoreboard.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Farr/Watkins), and carried, Resolution CC 11-15 was approved.
6.3 Discussion and possible action approving the Housing Element Annual Report.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Dixon), and carried, Resolution CC 11-16 was approved.
6.4 Discussion and possible action authorizing the City Attorney to cooperate with the League of California Cities, California Redevelopment Association, and the other cities and counties in litigation challenging the constitutionality of the elimination of Redevelopment Agencies.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Dixon), and carried, Resolution CC 11-17 was approved.
6.5 Discussion and possible action to accept the City’s FY 2009/2010 Audited Financial Statements.
Motion/Vote
By motion made/seconded (Watkins/Dixon), and carried, Resolution CC 11-18 was approved.
7.0 COUNCIL/STAFF REPORTS/COMMENTS
7.1 Staff Comments
None
7.2 Council Comments/Reports
None
8.0 ADJOURNMENT
With no further business to come before the City Council/RDA Board, Mayor Lindsay adjourned the meeting at 9:00 pm.
______TONI M. COATES, CMC City Clerk Redevelopment Agency Secretary
4.2 Report and Recommendations Reviewed and Approved
______City Manager
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Carol Martin, City Manager
FROM: Jeff Tedder, City Engineer
DATE: March 18, 2011
SUBJECT: Authorization to file a Notice of Completion for the Montana Avenue Safe Routes to School project
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends that the City Council accept the project as completed and authorize the filing of a Notice of Completion for the Montana Avenue Safe Routes to School project.
BACKGROUND:
On September 21, 2010, the City Council approved Resolution CC10-89 authorizing the City Manager to enter into a contract with Sunrise Excavating for the purposes of constructing the above Project.
Staff has determined that the work specified in the contract has been completed and is in substantial conformance with the Plans and Specifications. Therefore, staff recommends that the Council accept the project and authorize the filing of a Notice of Completion at the Shasta County Recorder’s Office.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
Total project cost: $543,993.87
ATTACHMENTS:
None
DISTRIBUTION:
City of Shasta Lake City Council.
RESOLUTION CC 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL ACCEPTING THE MONTANA AVENUE SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOL PROJECT AS COMPLETE AND AUTHORIZING THE FILING OF A NOTICE OF COMPLETION
WHEREAS, The City entered into a contract with Sunrise Excavating for the construction of the Montana Avenue Safe Routes to School project; and
WHEREAS, Sunrise Excavating has completed the project to the satisfaction of City staff.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Shasta Lake City Council hereby accepts the Montana Avenue Safe Routes to School project as complete and authorizes staff to file a Notice of Completion with the Shasta County Recorder’s Office.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 5th day of April, 2011, by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
ATTEST:
TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk Report and Recommendations 4.3 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Carol Martin, City Manager
FROM: Kevin Estabrook, Electric Operations Manager
DATE: March 22, 2011
SUBJECT: Notice of Completion for 2010-2011 Tree Trimming Contract
FILE: E-090-785-822
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council accept the Tree Trimming contract as complete. Atlas Tree Surgery completed the project for the original bid of $98,781.00 with no change orders. The project has been inspected by the City, and Atlas Tree Surgery has fulfilled their contract obligations.
BACKGROUND
An annual contract is awarded for Tree Trimming by the City of Shasta Lakke for the 60 miles of distribution and 15 miles of transmission that it maintains. The winning bid this year was $98,781.00. It is the City’s policy to hold 10% of the total project cost as a retainer, to request Council acceptance of the completed project, and file a notice of completion. This notice has a requisite 30-day filing period, which permits any sub-contractors or suppliers who were used by the conttractor to ensure that they were paid by the contractor prior to the City reeleasing final payment.
FISCAL IMPACTS
Atlas Tree Surgery completed the project for $98,781.00, which was under budget.
ATTACHMENTS:
Resolution
DISTRIBUTION:
City Council
RESOLUTION CC 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE ACCEPTING THE TREE TRIMMING CONTRACT IN THE AMOUNT OF $98,781 AS A COMPLETED PROJECT AND AUTHORIZING STAFF TO FILE A 30 DAY NOTICE OF COMPLETION.
WHEREAS, the City of Shasta Lake entered into a contract with Atlas Tree Surgery, Inc. for the trimming of trees around electric lines; and
WHEREAS, the Contractor, ATLAS TREE SURGERY, has completed this project to the City’s satisfaction; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake at its’ regular meeting of April 5, 2011 hereby accepts this as a completed project and authorizes staff to file a notice of completion.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake hereby accepts the Atlas Tree Surgery, Inc. contract as completed and authorizes staff to file a notice of completion.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED this 5th day of April, 2011, by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
______ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk
Report and Recommendations 4.4 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEM CITY COUNCIL MEETING
TO: Carol Martin, City Manager
FROM: Jessaca Lugo, Program Manager
DATE: March 17, 2011
SUBJECT: Beverage Container Recycling & Litter Reduction Grant FY 2010-2011
FILE: G-100-900-003
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends approval of the two following resolutions, which are administrative requirements for funding applications in which the City partners with the County of Shasta for recycling and waste disposal programs.
BACKGROUND:
CalRecycle is the administrative agency for various recycling and litter reduction programs. The City has partnered with the County of Shasta in past years to obtain funding from the CalRecycle, making possible a variety of waste collection events for disposal of household hazardous waste, used motor oil, beverage containers, and other litter. Staff recently received a request from the Shasta County Department of Resource Management for City Council authorization to partner in the 2010/2011 funding cycle for these grant programs, and authorizing Shasta County to submit a regional application, and act as the lead agency.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
None
ATTACHMENTS:
Governing Board Resolution
DISTRIBUTION:
City Council RESOLUTION CC 11-
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE AUTHORIZING SHASTA COUNTY TO SUBMIT A REGIONAL APPLICATION TO THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES RECYCLING AND RECOVERY FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE GRANT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2010/2011, 19th CYCLE
WHEREAS, the people of the State of California have enacted Assembly Bill 1200 (Eastin, Statutes of 1993, Chapter 656) which provides grants to local governments to establish and implement waste diversion and separation programs to prevent disposal of hazardous waste, including household hazardous waste, in solid waste landfills; and
WHEREAS, the Department of Resource Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) has been delegated the responsibility for administering the Local Government Household Hazardous Waste Grant which includes procedures governing the application by and payment to eligible cities and counties; and
WHEREAS, CalRecycle has allocated $1.5 million for Fiscal Year 2010/20011 to the Household Hazardous Waste Grant Program; and
WHEREAS, procedures established by the State of California and adopted by CalRecycle require a jurisdiction-applicant for funding to certify by resolution the approval of the jurisdiction's governing authority to submit a grant application before submission of said application to CalRecycle, and the designation of the job title of the individual authorized to execute all grant documents on behalf of the City of Shasta Lake; and
WHEREAS, if successful, the County of Shasta, as applicant and lead agency, will enter into a Grant Agreement with CalRecycle for implementation of a project or projects under the Local Government Household Hazardous Waste Program;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Shasta Lake City Council hereby:
1) Authorizes the County of Shasta to act as lead agency and to submit a regional application on behalf of the City of Shasta Lake, a grant participant, to CalRecycle for a Local Government Household Hazardous Waste Grant (Grant) for fiscal year 2010/2011 (19th Cycle);
2) Appoints the Director of Resource Management as agent of Shasta County for the purposes of this program, to conduct all negotiations, execute and submit all documents including, but not limited to, applications, agreements, amendments, and payment requests and so on, which may be necessary for the completion of the aforementioned project;
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Director of Resource Management of Shasta County, or his/her designee, is hereby authorized and empowered to execute all grant documents necessary to secure grant funds and implement the approved grant project.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 6th day of April, 2011, by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
ROD LINDSAY, Mayor ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk Report and Recommendations 6.1 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Carol Martin, City Manager
FROM: Fred Castagna, Project Manager
DATE: March 22, 2011
SUBJECT: Consideration of Skate Movement’s request that the City of Shasta Lake join with that organization, and the County of Shasta, as co-sponsors of the Youth Festival event planned for May 21st, 2011.
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends that the City of Shasta Lake sign on as a co-sponsor of the Skate Movement Youth Festival and skateboard competition to be held in Clair Engle Park. This will entail signing an agreement with Skate Movement and the County of Shasta wherein the County would provide all funding for the event, Skate Movement will organize and supervise the event, and the City of Shasta Lake will provide the venue and the insurance coverage. Providing insurance will preclude the organization from having to purchase a very expensive special event insurance policy. The Assistant City Manager has confirmed that the City could provide liability insurance for the event and workers comp for event volunteers through our existing policy with Small Cities Organized Risk Effort (SCORE).
BACKGROUND:
Skate Movement is a non-profit organization that sponsors youth activities, skating events and competitions in Tehama and Shasta Counties. The Cities of Redding, Anderson, and Red Bluff have co-sponsored the event annually in their jurisdictions for the past five years. None of those cities require the organization to purchase special event insurance.
I contacted Teresa Urricelqui of the Redding Recreation Department and Pam Lewis of Anderson Parks and Recreation. Both have nothing but positive things to say about the sponsors and the Skate Movement organization. Both departments have been involved as co-sponsors of the event for the past five years, and both cities provide insurance to cover the events. They report that the events are very well organized and no injuries occurred beyond scrapes and bruises.
The City Attorney of Redding has developed a waiver which is signed by the skate board participants or their parents if they are minors. Anderson and Red Bluff use the same waiver, and, with approval from our own City Attorney, we would do the same. (A copy of the waiver is attached.)
The agreement between Skate Movement, the County of Shasta, and the City of Shasta Lake will recite the responsibilities of each party, as mentioned above. The County is preparing the agreement. In order for Skate Movement to begin advertising and promoting the event, it is necessary to seek approval from the City Council prior to completion of the final version of the agreement between the parties. Staff is recommending that the City Council direct the City Manager to sign the agreement, but only after it is reviewed and approved by the City Attorney in its final form.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
None
ATTACHMENTS:
Resolution Waiver
DISTRIBUTION:
City Council, Assistant City Manager, City Attorney RESOLUTION CC 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE DIRECTING THE CITY MANAGER TO SIGN AN AGREEMENT WITH SKATE MOVEMENT AND THE COUNTY OF SHASTA TO CO-SPONSOR THE SKATE MOVEMENT YOUTH FESTIVAL EVENT PLANNED FOR MAY 21, 2011 AT CLAIR ENGLE PARK
WHEREAS, the City of Shasta Lake, the County of Shasta, and the Skate Movement organization desire to promote activities for our local youth; and
WHEREAS, the Skate Movement Youth Festival planned for May 21, 2011 at Clair Engle Park will include a music, art exhibits, and a skateboarding competition; and
WHEREAS, Skate Movement has demonstrated organizational skills and competence by holding similar events in other Shasta County cities over the past five years; and
WHEREAS, Skate Movement will organize and supervise the event, the County of Shasta will provide funding for the event, and the City of Shasta Lake will provide the venue and the required insurance coverage for the event.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake hereby agrees to co-sponsor the Skate Movement Youth Festival to be held at Clair Engle Park on May 21, 2011 and further directs the City Manager to sign an agreement with Skate Movement and the County of Shasta which will recite the responsibilities of each party, and which will be approved prior to signing • by the Shasta Lake City Attorney.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 5th day of April, 2011 by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
______ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk
• CITY OF REDDING, CITY OF RED BLUFF, CITY OF ANDERSON, CITY OF SHASTA LAKE RELEASE AGREEMENT “EXTREME SPORTS” PROGRAM In consideration of being permitted to participate in the program or league mentioned for recreational benefits to myself, my child or my charge, I and my heirs and assigns do hereby release, discharge and covenant not to sue the City of Redding, City of Red Bluff, the City of Anderson, and the City of Shasta Lake, their directors, officers, supervisors, sponsors, volunteers or other employees or agents arising out of any personal injury, death or property damage that is incurred by myself, my child or my charge during said participation, whether active or inactive, but only in proportion to and to the extent such liability, claims, damages, losses, expenses, or attorneys’ fees, are caused by or result from the negligent acts or omissions of Applicant, its officers, employees, agents, guests or invitees. I also fully understand that there may be some risks involved in participation, including but not limited to those associated with weather conditions, facility conditions, equipment and the conduct of other participants.
Please read and sign below – This statement affects your legal rights: I am participating in the “Extreme Sports” Program (“Program”), offered by the City of Redding, City of Anderson, City of Red Bluff and City of Shasta Lake. I understand that my participation in the Program and SKATEBOARDING INVOLVES NUMEROUS RISKS OF DEATH OR PHYSICAL INJURY, including without limitation, falls, loss of control, collisions with other people and natural and man-made objects, becoming lost, entrapment, etc., and I, ASSUME THOSE AND ANY AND ALL RISKS OF MY VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION IN THE PROGRAM. *NOTE: If hospitalization or emergency treatment is required for any of the participants, a contact will be notified to get the individual to the hospital and/or home. There will not be staff available to accompany the participant home or to the hospital. Please provide adequate contact information so that someone can be reached in case of emergency.
As lawful consideration for my being permitted to participate in the Program, I HEREBY AGREE, ON BEHALF OF MYSELF, TO RELEASE FROM ANY LEGAL LIABILITY AND AGREE NOT TO SUE THE CITY OF REDDING, CITY OF ANDERSON, THE CITY OF RED BLUFF, AND THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE their elected officials, officers, employees, agents and volunteers for any and all injuries, claims or liability by or resulting from or in any way connected with my voluntary participation in the Program.
I HEREBY AGREE TO INDEMNIFY AND HOLD HARMLESS THE CITY OF REDDING, CITY OF ANDERSON, CITY OF RED BLUFF, AND THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE, their directors, officers, supervisors, sponsors, volunteers or other employees or agents for any claim, judgment or expense the Cities of Redding, Red Bluff and Anderson or such persons may incur arising out of, or in any way connected with, my participation in the Program and whether caused by the negligence of the City of Redding, City of Red Bluff, City of Anderson, and the City of Shasta Lake, their directors, officers, supervisors, sponsors, volunteers or other employees or agents. If any portion of this agreement is held invalid, I agree that the balance hereof shall continue in full legal force and effect.
INSURANCE IS THE REPONSIBLITY OF THE PARTICIATANT. I fully understand that there is no insurance coverage provided by the sponsors of this Program and that it is my responsibility to obtain such coverage at my own expense prior to participating.
I further represent and warrant that I am advised of the existence of California Civil Code § 1542, which provides as follows: A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the debtor.
Notwithstanding this provision, this will constitute a full release in accordance with its terms. I knowingly and voluntarily waive the provisions of Section 1542, as well as any other statute, law or rule of similar effect, and acknowledge and agree that this waiver is an essential and material term of this Waiver, Release and Assumption of risk.
______Participant’s Signature (Parent or legal guardian’s signature if under 18)
Date: ______
PARTICIPANT’S NAME
ADDRESS
HOME PHONE WORK PHONE
ALTERNATE CONTACT PERSON
PARTCIPANT’S AGE GRADE PROGRAM TITLE
PROGRAM DATE TIME FEE
CONSENT TO MEDICAL TREATMENT OF MINOR: I hereby give my consent to have the above applicant treated by a physician or surgeon in case of sudden illness or injury while participating in the above event. It is understood that the City of Redding, City of Anderson, City of Red Bluff, and the City of Shasta Lake provides no medical insurance for such treatment, and that the cost thereof will be at my expense. If a personal physician is listed below, every effort will be made to contact such physician. The location of the activity or the nature of the illness or injury may require the use of emergency medical personnel. I further agree that the City of Redding, City of Anderson, City of Bluff, and the City of Shasta Lake may act in an emergency as best fits the situation in the event either myself or emergency contact cannot be reached. Name of Personal Physician: Doctor’s Phone:
Signature of Participant or Parent/Guardian:
Report and Recommendations 6.2 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEEM City Council Meeting
TO: City Council
FROM: Carol Martin, City Managere
DATE: February 18, 2011
SUBJECT: Shasta Lake Heritage and Historic Society Request for Support
FILE:
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends approval of the attached resolution that outlines the City’s support for the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historic Society’s efforts to seek future funding for a permanent public museum to be located on the City’s Civic Center site.
BACKGROUND:
The Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society would like to move forward to pursue grant funding for the construction and operation of a permanent museum in the City of Shasta Lake. To facilitate their efforts the Society has requested approval of a resolution from the City of Shasta Lake regarding use of the City’s Civic Center site in the attached letter and support for the Society’s fundraising efforts.
In order to seek funding for construction, and ultimately operation, of a museum, the Society must be able to define where such a museum would be located for grant requests.
In 2008, the City obtained a site from the Gateway School District located between Hardenbrook Avenue, Main Street and Red Bluff Sttreet with the east side of the property abutting residential property and the west end of Chico Street. Duuring the last half of 2008, the City used the services of Group 4 Architecture, Research + Planning, Inc. to determine the approximate layout and types of uses that would result in appropriate and effective use of the property.
Prior to selection of the uses, the City held several meetings including a workshop that included community members many of whom were from the neighborhood of the site. Among
RESOLUTION CC 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE CITY COUNCIL EXPRESSING THE CITY COUNCIL’S INTEREST IN USING A PORTION OF THE CIVIC CENTER SITE FOR A PERMANENT PUBLIC MUSEUM AND IN WORKING WITH THE SHASTA LAKE HERITAGE AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY AS THEY APPLY FOR GRANT FUNDING FOR SUCH A MUSEUM
WHEREAS, the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society (“Society”), provides for the management and exhibition of historical materials attributable to the people, business and government related to the beginning and ongoing history of Shasta Lake; and
WHEREAS, the Society and its members are actively planning for the future of both the organization and the public display of those materials; and
WHEREAS, the Society proposes to begin earnest planning for a permanent public museum to be owned and operated by the Society but for the benefit of the public; and
WHEREAS, the City of Shasta Lake (“City”) acquired a suitable site for a Civic Center Complex in 2008 (identified collectively as APN 005-260-001, 033, 073; 005-280-001) which has space available for development of the museum; and
WHEREAS, the City engaged Group 4 Architecture, Research + Planning, Inc. to determine the approximate layout and types of uses for the Civic Center Complex; and
WHEREAS, the City held community workshops and meetings to discuss those potential uses which were then incorporated into a Civic Center Conceptual Plan which was approved by the City Council (Resolution CC 08-106 on December 15, 2008); and
WHEREAS, said Resolution authorized the City Manager to pursue the Civic Center Conceptual Plan which included a site for a permanent museum; and
WHEREAS, the City prepared an Initial Study, Negative Declaration and subsequently a Notice of Determination which addresses the proposed uses for the Civic Center Complex; and
WHEREAS, the Society wishes to pursue funding for a permanent museum and has requested the assistance of the City in this endeavor by allowing future grant proposals to show the museum sites as a match for grant requests; and
WHEREAS, on April 5, 2011, the City Council considered the Society’s request;
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake as follows:
1. The City Council concurs that a permanent public museum is an appropriate use at the Civic Center Complex site and has included a proposed site in the Civic Center Conceptual Plan on December 15, 2008.
2. That the City Council will coordinate with the Society in its process of seeking a grant and other funding to establish a permanent public museum and authorizes the City Manager to work with the Society in this regard.
3. The City will coordinate with the Society applying for grants for the permanent public museum. Any draft grant proposal, which concerns the Civic Center site, will be presented to the City Council for concurrence and approval. Should a more firm commitment be required to receive funding such a request will be presented to the City Council for approval and concurrence prior to submittal of the grant application.
4. The City will also coordinate with the Society should additional funding from other sources such as endowments or other donated funds be made available for the construction of a permanent museum.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this ______day of April 2011 by the following vote.
AYES: NOES: ABSENT: ABSTAIN:
______ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk Report and Recommendations 6.3 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Carol Martin, City Managere
FROM: Debbie Israel Messer, Senior Planner
DATE: March 21, 2011
SUBJECT: Historic Context Statement
RECOMMENDATION:
Receive the final Historic Context Statement for use by the City and others. Copies of the Historic Context Statement were sent to the City Council under separate attachment March 4, 2011.
BACKGROUND:
The work that developed the Historic Context Statement is part of work funded by a Planning and Technical Assistance grant from the State of California (08-PTAG-5353)). These funds can only be used for the plans, studies, and other programmatic documents identified for thhe use of Planning and Technical Assistance (PTA) funding by the State of California. These are not project funds and so cannot be used for projects. Often PTA funds are used to perform studies or plans as may be required in order to apply for project funding, both for CDBG as well as for other state or federal grant funding or statutory funding.
The City applied for these funds to establish a basis for when cultural resource studies need to be prepared and when they do not and to begin a baseline for historical resources. To establish whether there will be an impact, for environmental determinations, the presence and status of cultural resources need to be assessed and then a determination made as to whether a property is regisster eligible. The historic statement will help the City establish thresholds of significance for that determination.
The historic context statement was prepared so that it meets the State Office of Historic Preservation's standards, which will assist the City in future interactions with that office. The statement will also be useful for both the City and/or the Shasta Lake Historical Society for use in applying for grant funds for either a museum or projects that relate to the history of the City of Shasta Lake
Carey & Co. was selected by the City Council as the consulting firm to prepare the Historic Context Statement in December 2009. This type of service is very sppecific and requires a higher level of expertise than found among many historic or archaeological resources consultants.
In February 2010, initial meetings with community members to assess the interests of local groups and to ascertain what materials and information was available locally were held during a two-day session. As part of the visit by Carey & Co., staff and consultants met with locaal people (noted in the Statement) and toured portions of the community to view local points of history as well as to locate areas that needed special attention.
A draft of the Historic Context Statement was generated by Carey & Co. and distributed to the Planning Commission, City Council, community members who were involved in the initial meetings and made available to the public in May 2010. On June 8, 2010, a workshop was held that included Planning Commission members, City Council members, and members of the community to review the Draft Historic Context Statement and to take comments from participants of the workshop.
Subsequent to the workshop, Carey & Co. reviewed the comments that were made and proceeded to investigate those specific comments and several general topics that were raised. In particular, additional information concerning the local cemeteries that included the reinterred remains of people previously buried in cemeteries ultimately covered by Shasta Dam was added. Additional photographs, both current day and historical, were added to complete portions of the document that needed illumination.
Carey & Co. were asked to hold open the comment period because we had several people who were ill and unable to provide their comments subsequent to the workshop. In November of 2011, City staff asked Carey & Co. to proceed with the actual changes to the text/photographs to finalize the document. During December and January, staff worked with the firm to conclude changes to the document.
The final document was delivered February 11, 2011 and subsequently copied and distributed to City Council members in March. Because this document was prepared, using CDBG funds staff will be providing a copy of the document to the State Department of Housing and Community Development as part of the grant closeout in June. We will also forward a copy to the State Office of Historic Preservation for their records.
Community residents Barbara Cross, Darlene Brown, Del Hiebert, Evelyn Hoppes Matt and Darlene Rumboltz, Jack Powell, Ruth Huey, Violet Sullivan, Ella Barbera Fish, and former Mayor Greg Watkins spent many hours providing information, documents, and great memories. In addition, Christine Sullivan of the Northern California Veterans Museum, and Wintu tribal member Linda Malone were of great help in providing local and Wintu history.
As a matter of clarification, the document does provide any property with a historical designation, neither local, State or Federal. There are specific processes that are required for those designations which are not accomplished with this document.
FISCAL IMPACTS:
CDBG Planning and Technical Assistance - $20,000 (portion of a General Planning and Technical Grant)
ATTACHMENTS:
Historic Context Statement (sent separately to City Council members)
DISTRIBUTION:
City Council, Development Services Director, Senior Planner, Program Managers RESOLUTION CC 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE ACCEPTING THE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT PREPARED BY CAREY & CO. DATED FEBRUARY 11, 2011
WHEREAS, in December 2009, City staff circulated a Request for Proposals (RFP) for services to prepare a historic context statement; and
WHEREAS, a total of two proposals were submitted to the City in response to the RFP; and
WHEREAS, a Selection Committee comprised of City staff reviewed the two proposals submitted to the City in response to the RFP and determined that the firms had both provided responsive proposals and were both well qualified; and
WHEREAS, the Selection Committee rated Carey & Co, Inc as the top firm, based on established selection criteria, for recommendation to City Council; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake selected Carey & Co. to provide the consultant services to develop and finalize a Historic Context Statement; and
WHEREAS, funding was supplied by a State of California Planning and Technical Assistance Grant (08-PTAG-5353) to provide those services; and
WHEREAS, Carey & Co. provided the City with a Draft Historic Context Statement on April 16, 2010 • based upon their work and work with community members that was then reviewed by the Planning Commission, City Council and members of the community at a June 8, 2010 public workshop; and
WHEREAS, Carey & Co. provided the City with the final Historic Context Statement based upon their work and responses to comments received through the June 8, 2011 workshop on February 11, 2011.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Shasta Lake hereby accepts the Shasta Lake Historic Context Statement as prepared by Carey & Co. Inc.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 5th day of April 2011 by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
______ROD LINDSAY, Mayor
ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk •
CITY OF SHASTA LAKE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
City of Shasta Lake, California February 11, 2011
Prepared for City of Shasta Lake
Prepared by CITY OF SHASTA LAKE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
City of Shasta Lake, California February 11, 2011
Prepared for City of Shasta Lake
Prepared by Carey & Co., Inc.
Cover Photos (clockwise, from top left): Churn hole at Churn Creek; Shasta Lake United Methodist Church at 1509 Hardenbrook (Central Valley); 3825 LaMesa (Central Valley); Big Dipper Café, 4197 Shasta Dam Boulevard (Central Valley). All photos taken by Carey & Co., Inc.
Carey & Co., Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...... …..…………….2
Methodology ...... 2
Regulatory and Planning Framework ...... 3
Historic Context ...... 9
Overview of Property Types ...... 33
Recommendations for Future Work ...... 63
Bibliography ...... 64
Appendix A: Map of Dam-Era Boomtowns
Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
INTRODUCTION The City of Shasta Lake has engaged Carey & Co. to produce a comprehensive historic context of the City and an overview of property types located within its boundary. This report also outlines the methodology used to engage the community, identify representative properties, and research the history of the city; provides a regulatory and planning framework that discusses the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR); and provides recommendations for future survey work.
METHODOLOGY
FIELD SURVEYS In February and March 2010, Carey & Co. architectural historians Erica Schultz (M.H.P., historic preservation) and Allison Vanderslice (M.A., cultural resources management) conducted reconnaissance windshield surveys of the City and recorded information such as the type of buildings as well as the existing conditions, historic features, and architectural significance of the resources. The firm took digital photographs of these structures visible from the public right-of- way and noted the overall environment and relationships of the buildings and landscape features. The buildings are summarized in the “Overview of Historic Property Types” section.
HISTORIC CONTEXT Carey & Co. architectural historian Dr. Karen McNeill (Ph.D., history) prepared the historic context statement, which identifies important themes, geographic areas, and time periods in the history of the City of Shasta Lake and provides the necessary information to evaluate the historic significance of resources located in the city. It includes a chronological history of the area from its initial settlement by indigenous Californians to the incorporation of the City of Shasta Lake in 1993, focusing on major historical developments that contributed to the evolution of the built environment.
RESEARCH To prepare the historic context and overview of property types, Carey & Co. reviewed historic photographs and maps, newspaper records, and primary and secondary sources regarding the history of the City of Shasta Lake, including the people and uses associated with buildings in the City. Secondary sources also focus on the history of California, the history of indigenous peoples of California, and the New Deal. Carey & Co. conducted research at the following repositories and City departments for this report:
City of Shasta Lake Department of Development Services Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society History Center, San Francisco Public Library Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Collection Online Archive of California
Additionally, the firm conducted oral histories and interviews with the people listed below and reviewed previous survey reports and documents that have been prepared for the City. The latter include the City‟s General Plan, Redevelopment Plan, Draft Housing Element, and Windshield Housing Condition Survey and Report.
2 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Lastly, the firm requested a records search (I. C. File # D10-10), which was conducted by the Northeast Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) at California State University, Chico on February 17, 2010. This records search provides a list of previously identified archeological sites and architectural properties as well as survey reports for sites located within the City‟s boundary.
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT In order to engage the residents of Shasta Lake and make them a part of the survey process, Carey & Co. held a community meeting on February 4, 2010. The firm presented an overview of the project and addressed any questions and concerns of the audience at this time. Community members also shared their memories of Shasta Lake and stated which people, businesses, and themes were important to them. On the same day, the firm also met with Linda Malone and Christine Sullivan, members of the Wintu tribe, during which they shared their knowledge and perspective on known archeological sites and traditional cultural properties in the Shasta Lake area. The firm also met with Mayor Greg Watkins who provided information on the history of the Old Churntown area.
The firm would like to thank the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society, in particular Darlene Brown, Barbara Cross, Matt and Darlene Rumboltz, Del Heibert, Jack Powell, Mayor Greg Watkins, Ruth Huey, Violet Sullivan, Evelyn Hoppes, and Ella Fish; the members of the Wintu tribe; and the residents who attended the community workshop and shared their memories and knowledge about the history of Shasta Lake.
Lastly, Carey & Co. set-up a Flickr site at http://www.flickr.com/groups/shastalakehistory/. Flickr is a website that allows members to store and share photographs. People can post photographs and share their memoires of Shasta Lake at this site indefinitely. It can be accessed by anybody interested in the history of Shasta Lake and can become a useful repository for future research.
REGULATORY AND PLANNING FRAMEWORK The regulatory background outlined below offers an overview of federal, state, and local laws and regulations and the criteria used to assess the historic significance and eligibility of a building, structure, object, site, or district for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR).
FEDERAL REGULATIONS AND CRITERIA
National Historic Preservation Act, as Amended (1966) The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) defines the Federal Government‟s role in historic preservation and establishes partnerships between states, local governments, Indian tribes, and private organizations and individuals. It authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to expand and maintain the National Register of Historic Places and establishes the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) and state and tribal historic preservation offices. It also requires federal agencies to consider the effects of their undertakings on historic resources and to give the ACHP a reasonable opportunity to comment on those undertakings.
National Register of Historic Places, Criteria of Evaluation National Register Bulletin Number 15, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, describes the Criteria for Evaluation as being composed of two factors. First, the
3 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
property must be “associated with an important historic context.”1 The National Register identifies four possible context types, of which at least one must be applicable at the national, state, or local level. As listed under Section 8, “Statement of Significance,” of the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, these are:
A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.
B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.
D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history.2
Second, for a property to qualify under the National Register‟s Criteria for Evaluation, it must also retain “historic integrity of those features necessary to convey its significance.”3 While a property‟s significance relates to its role within a specific historic context, its integrity refers to “a property‟s physical features and how they relate to its significance.”4 To determine if a property retains the physical characteristics corresponding to its historic context, the National Register has identified seven aspects of integrity:
Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred.
Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property.
Setting is the physical environment of a historic property.
Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property.
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory.
Feeling is a property‟s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time.
1 U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin 15 (Washington, DC, 1997), 3. 2 U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, How to Complete the National Register Registration Form, National Register Bulletin 16A (Washington, DC, 1997), 75. 3 National Park Service, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, 3. 4 Ibid, 44.
4 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.5
Since integrity is based on a property‟s significance within a specific historic context, an evaluation of a property‟s integrity can only occur after historic significance has been established.6
Certain resources are not usually considered for listing in the National Register:
a. Religious properties b. Moved properties c. Birthplaces and graves d. Cemeteries e. Reconstructed properties f. Commemorative properties g. Properties that have achieved significance within the past fifty years
These properties can be eligible for listing, however, if they meet special requirements, called Criteria Considerations (A-G), in addition to meeting the regular requirements (that is, being eligible under one or more of the four significance criteria and possessing integrity).
Generally, such properties will qualify for the National Register if they fall within the following seven criteria considerations:
a. A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or
b. A building or structure removed from its original location but which is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event; or
c. A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life; or
d. A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or
e. A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or
f. A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own exceptional significance; or
g. A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance.
5 Ibid, 44-45. 6 Ibid, 45.
5 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
STATE REGULATIONS AND CRITERIA
California Environmental Quality Act Statute and Guidelines When a proposed project may cause a substantial adverse change to a historical resource, CEQA requires the lead agency to carefully consider the possible impacts before proceeding (Public Resources Code Sections 21084 and 21084.1). CEQA equates a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource with a significant effect on the environment (Section 21084.1). The Act explicitly prohibits the use of a categorical exemption within the CEQA Guidelines for projects which may cause such a change (Section 21084).
A “substantial adverse change” is defined in Guidelines Section 15064.5(b) as “physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired.” Furthermore, the “significance of an historic resource is materially impaired when a project “demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources;” or “demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources...” or “demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources as determined by a lead agency for purposes of CEQA.”
For the purposes of CEQA (Guidelines Section 15064.5), the term “historical resources” shall include the following:
1. A resource listed in, or determined to be eligible by the State Historical Resources Commission, for listing in the CRHR (Public Resources Code §5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4850 et seq.).
2. A resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, shall be presumed to be historically or culturally significant. Public agencies must treat any such resource as significant unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant.
3. Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California, may be considered to be a historical resource, provided the lead agency‟s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. Generally, a resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be “historically significant” if the resource meets the criteria for listing in the CRHR (Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4852) as follows:
A. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California‟s history and cultural heritage;
B. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
6 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or
D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (Guidelines for the California Environmental Quality Act)
Under CEQA Section15064.5, “generally, a project that follows the Secretary of the Interior‟s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring and Reconstructing Historic Buildings or the Secretary of the Interior‟s Standards for Rehabilitation with Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings shall be considered as mitigated to a level of less than a significant impact on the historical resource.”
California Register of Historical Resources, Criteria of Evaluation The California Office of Historic Preservation‟s Technical Assistance Series #6, California Register and National Register: A Comparison, outlines the differences between the federal and state processes. The context types to be used when establishing the significance of a property for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources are very similar, with emphasis on local and state significance. They are:
1. It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; or
2. It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history; or
3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values; or
4. It has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation.7
Like the NRHP, evaluation for eligibility to the CRHR requires an establishment of historic significance before integrity is considered. California‟s integrity threshold is slightly lower than the federal level. As a result, some resources that are historically significant but do not meet NRHP integrity standards may be eligible for listing on the CRHR.8
California‟s list of special considerations is shorter and more lenient than the NRHP. It includes some allowances for moved buildings, structures, or objects, as well as lower requirements for proving the significance of resources that are less than 50 years old and a more elaborate discussion of the eligibility of reconstructed buildings.9
7 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of Historic Preservation, California Register and National Register: A Comparison, Technical Assistance Series 6 (Sacramento, 2001), 1. 8 California Office of Historic Preservation, California Register and National Register, 1. 9 Ibid, 2.
7 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
In addition to separate evaluations for eligibility for the CRHR, the state automatically lists on the CRHR resources that are listed or determined eligible for the NRHP through a complete evaluation process.10
California Historical Resource Status Codes The California Historic Resource Status Codes (status codes) are a series of ratings created by the California Office of Historic Preservation to quickly and easily identify the historic status of resources listed in the state‟s historic properties database. These codes were revised in August 2003 to better reflect the historic status options available to evaluators. The following are the seven major status code headings:
1. Properties listed in the National Register or the California Register. 2. Properties determined eligible for listing in the National Register or the California Register. 3. Appears eligible for National Register or California Register through Survey Evaluation. 4. Appears eligible for National Register or California Register through other evaluation. 5. Properties recognized as historically significant by local government. 6. Not eligible for listing or designation. 7. Not evaluated for National Register or California Register or needs revaluation.
10 All State Historical Landmarks from number 770 onward are also automatically listed on the California Register. [California Office of Historic Preservation, California Register of Historical Resources: The Listing Process, Technical Assistance Series 5, (Sacramento, n. d.), 1.
8 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
HISTORIC CONTEXT
Indigenous Californians/Wintu Indigenous Californians once accounted for the densest and most linguistically and culturally diverse populations in all of the territory that now makes up the continental United States. Approximately 310,000 people who spoke between sixty-four and eighty languages lived within the boundaries of modern-day California. According to Alice Hoveman, Curator of History at Turtle Bay Exploration Park, the Wintu may have accounted for as much as ten percent of this population. They settled densely along the McCloud River, which they called the Winemem, or “middle waters,” and thrived on the abundance of salmon and other foods in the surrounding forests. Like most California tribes, the Wintu were a hunter-gatherer and “basket-maker” society that did not develop a written language or build permanent architecture. 11 Linguist Alice Shepherd detailed some basic characteristics of Wintu material culture:
Wintu basketry was open – or close-twine, coiling being rare. Articles of clothing were deer and bear skin blankets and capes, maple-bark aprons, hats, moccasins, and snowshoes…. The Wintu used rafts in some areas, but boats were unknown. Mortars, pestles, fire drills, knives, ropes, snares, various types of nets, fishing hooks, harpoons, wedges, awls, mush paddles, and digging sticks were among the implements commonly employed. The Wintu were familiar with dentalium and obsidian blades from the Northwest, as well as clam-disk money and magnesite cylinders from Central California.12
Daily life varied according to the season. Up to fifty people lived in winter villages comprised of conical shaped, barked-covered homes, but during warmer weather small groups led a more nomadic existence, “moving about three or four days‟ journey into the hills, living in temporary camps comprised of brush shelters. Shepherd further detailed Wintu architecture; it “included conical bark dwellings, earth lodges, semisubterranean dance houses, steam sudstories, menstrual lodges, and temporary brush shelters.”13 Each group moved about six times during the warm season, but the tribes retained social cohesiveness through such activities as communal fish drives or hunts, by sharing food between groups, and for ceremonial activities. As with most Native American Tribes, the Wintu divided labor between the sexes: men hunted, while women gathered plants and wove baskets of all types and sizes. Men also engaged in warfare; most commonly, the Wintu defended their terrain against Yana to the east and the Shasta to the north.14
Spanish Exploration and Settlement Spanish explorers first spotted Alta (Upper) California in 1542 during Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo‟s voyage in search of the mythical Strait of Anián, or Northwest Passage. He eventually landed at San Miguel (now San Diego), and following his death in 1543, the voyage traveled as far north as Oregon‟s southern coast. Despite this early voyage of exploration, the Spanish viewed the California coastline as barren, dangerous, and isolated, and they lacked the manpower to settle the northern frontier of New Spain‟s landholdings. Northern California‟s ubiquitous coastal fog also obscured natural harbors, such as the San Francisco Bay, so the potential wealth of the vast
11 Alice R. Hoveman, “The Wintu People of the McCloud River,” in Alice R. Hoveman, et al., Journey to Justice: The Wintu People and the Salmon (Redding, 2002), 20-21. 12 Alice Shepherd, Wintu Texts (Berkeley, 1989), 2. 13 Shepherd, Wintu Texts, 2. 14 Hoveman, “The Wintu People,” 21-22.
9 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
interiors remained unknown. More than two centuries passed before the Spaniards made plans to colonize California‟s coastline.15
In 1765, Visitor-General José de Gàlvez exploited the Spanish crown‟s desire to expand its wealth in New Spain as well as the crown‟s fears of the incursion into its lands by other European powers, including England, the Netherlands, and Russia. He convinced the crown to fund an expedition that would lead to the establishment of missions, a well-established colonial institution that ostensibly served to convert the natives to Christianity and divest them of their indigenous ways, thereby creating a local labor force and rendering a region more amenable to imperial rule. Missions were the most common and most populous of the colonial institutions in Alta California. Missions often had their own small guard of soldiers and occasionally housed soldiers‟ families and civilians. Military encampments, or presidios, and civilian settlements that functioned as towns, or pueblos, were less common forms of colonial settlement that sometimes accompanied mission settlements. In 1769, Captain Gaspar de Portolá led three ships and two land contingents on this “Sacred Expedition”. Junípero Serra, a Franciscan priest, served as the religious leader. A year later, the Spaniards established a presidio and mission at Monterey Bay, securing the crown‟s sovereignty over Alta California.16
Civilian settlement of the area came several years later. In 1776, the de Anza Expedition arrived in Monterey. The settlers, lead by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza on his second expedition, consisted of 240 men, women, and children who spent several months walking from the Presidio of Tubac (Southern Arizona) to Monterey to populate the new Spanish territory in Alta California.17 The solders and settlers were primarily from war-torn and drought-afflicted areas of Northern Mexico, specifically Sonora and Sinaloa, and were of mixed Spanish, Mexican, and Native American descent.18 To Anza, who picked them, they were “expendable, desperate, and susceptible to the promise of future opportunity.”19 The families were given livestock, clothing, and supplies, along with advances on their pay and vague promises of land grants in exchange for twenty years of service.20 After leaving the settlers in Monterey, Anza traveled north to the San Francisco Peninsula to select the location for a new presidio and mission.21
Twenty-one missions were established in Alta California, along with four presidios and three pueblos under Spanish rule. In 1821 Luis Arguello led an expedition to explore the Shasta County area for potential mission sites, and the religious fathers on the trip named Lassen Peak, the 10,453-foot tall peak, Monte San José (it was later renamed after Peter Lassen, a Danish pioneer of northern California, and is now part of Lassen Volcanic National Park), but a mission was never established. Instead, in 1823 San Francisco Solano in Sonoma, California, became the last,
15 James J. Rawls and Walton Bean, California: An Interpretive History, 7th ed. (New York, 1998), 22-23, 28. 16 Barbara L. Voss, The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco (Berkeley, 2008), 54, 59; Rawls and Bean, California, 26-35. 17 Anza‟s first expedition in 1774 established a new land route from Sonora, Arizona, to Monterey, California. Rawls and Bean, California, 40-41. 18 Guire Cleary, Mission Dolores: The Gift of St. Francis (Orange, Calif., 2004), 26. 19 Voss, Archaeology of Ethnogenesis, 45. 20 Ibid. 21 Russell M. Magnahi, “Mission Dolores‟ Quest for Agricultural Stability: 1776-1834,” in Rose Marie and Robert M. Senkewicz Beebe, eds., Mission San Francisco de Asís in the Ohlone Village of Chutchui (California, 2007), 126, 134; Maynard Geiger, “New Data on the Building of Mission San Francisco,” California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 46, no. 3 (September 1967), 197; San Francisco Planning Department, “City within a City: Historic Context Statement for San Francisco‟s Mission District,” November 2007, p. 16.
10 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
northernmost, and one of the easternmost missions to be founded; it stands about 200 miles south of the City of Shasta Lake. Unable to fight off European diseases, subject to abusive labor conditions and gender systems, and divested of their land and culture, indigenous Californians who came into contact with the Mission system witnessed their populations and way of life plummet. While Spanish settlement of California undeniably transformed the history of the future state and its inhabitants, however, the vast majority of California remained unsettled. Likewise, most of California‟s indigenous peoples, including those in the Shasta Lake area, were able to continue their way of life largely undisturbed for decades to come.22
Mexican Period The Mexican period officially started in 1821, when Mexico declared its independence from Spain; however, the effects of this took a number of years to reach colonial California. Over the next dozen years, the Mexican government created laws that secured the transfer of power. The Mexican Colonization Law of 1824 and the Reglamento of 1828, for instance, encouraged civilian settlement in California by creating guidelines for the establishment of land grants.23 A more palpable change to the California landscape occurred in 1833 with the passage of the Secularization Act. This act officially wrested control of mission lands from the Catholic Church and made them available for the private ownership of Mexican citizens.
In 1834, the Mexican government set about secularizing the Missions, distributing large portions of their holdings in land grants to Californios – most of whom had served in the military and were otherwise prominent citizens – and Anglo settlers, many of whom had married into Californio families or were merchants who had otherwise sought Mexican citizenship and could then qualify for land ownership. The large land grants of the Mexican period are usually referred to as Rancheros. 24
The Missions and Native Californians suffered significantly under the Secularization Act. A civilian administrator usually replaced the padre, who was overseeing a given mission, but the government did not fund maintenance of the missions and they deteriorated significantly. Meanwhile, indigenous groups who had remained at the missions despite the devastating impact the Mission system had on their populations and cultural traditions, now found that they were homeless and largely ill equipped to survive on the landholdings that the Mexican government offered them, which often comprised the least arable land in the region. The Indians often sold their landholdings to Californios and became laborers on the rancheros. Labor and living conditions were generally miserable on the rancheros, at times leading natives to resort to stealing – especially horses – and other tactics of resistance; violence between the Californios and Native Californians was not uncommon. Mexican land grants also extended further north and inland than the Missions had, thus expanding the geographical scope of the stresses of colonization on California‟s native population.25
One such Anglo settler was Pierson Barton Reading, a one-time cotton trader from New Orleans, who traveled west from his native New Jersey and arrived at Sutter‟s Fort in 1843. He found
22 Mildred Brook Hoover, Historic Spots in California (Stanford, 1990), 436; Dorothy Krell, The California Missions (Menlo Park, 1989), 301. 23 Krell, California Missions, 172. 24 Californios were Mexican citizens who settled in California. Many came to California during the period of Spanish exploration or as soldiers attached to the presidios or missions. 25 See Albert Hurtado, Indian Survival on the California Frontier, for more about the plight of California‟s indigenous populations during the Mexican period.
11 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
work for John Sutter as a clerk and trapper. Reading was one of many trappers and explorers who traveled in the 1830s and 1840s through what became Shasta County. In order to obtain a land grant, he became a Mexican citizen and soon acquired 26,000-acre Rancho Buena Ventura, a 3- mile long parcel that extended for 19 miles along the west bank of the Sacramento River. In 1847, he constructed an adobe along the “Sacramento River near its confluence with Cottonwood Creek.” It was the first Anglo structure in the county. The towns of Anderson and Redding eventually developed on former rancho land.26
Reading, who became one of the most important early Anglo settlers of California – both before and after statehood – maintained relatively good relations with the indigenous people in the surrounding area, though his attitudes toward race were by no means progressive by twenty-first century standards. Historian Albert Hurtado described Reading‟s approach to Anglo-Indian relations:
On Reading‟s Rancho Buenaventura, the northernmost farm in the Sacramento valley, there were two Rancherias, he pointed out, each with about 150 inhabitants. Reading was confident that if he treated the Indians kindly, he could “easily convert them into useful subjects, and at the same time improve their conditions as human beings.” Two years later, Indians killed Reading‟s caretaker, burned his house, and stole his livestock. Perhaps a bit more circumspect, he continued to use Indian labor and built one of the most successful ranchos of the 1850s.27
Like many Mexican and Anglo settlers, he relied heavily on indigenous labor to sustain his successful rancho and did not pay his laborers well. He also appears to have acted on a moral imperative to convert Indians to Euro-American ways. Unlike many Californios and American settlers, however, he did not exact harsh punishment on the local indigenous population and did not commit violent acts against them. Rancho Buenaventura served as something like a safe haven for California Indian survival.
Just twenty-five years after securing its sovereignty from Spain, Mexico found itself battling to save its territory. War erupted between the United States and Mexico in 1846, largely over the independence of Texas and its border. The United States overran Mexico with troops and won in a decided fashion. The war officially ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ceded California (and other territories) to the United States and guaranteed that Mexicans residing in the territory at the time of the treaty could continue to reside there and would retain all rights to their property. Even rights to land that belonged to Mexican proprietors who did not reside on it would be “inviolably respected” as long as a contract for that land could be produced.28 The signers of the treaty did not know, however, that gold had been discovered along the American River nine days earlier.
The Gold Rush, Mining, and the Formation of Shasta County United States possession of California territory coincided with the discovery of vast quantities of gold in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. On January 24, 1848, John Marshall, an employee of a ranch and mill owner named John Sutter, discovered gold on the American
26 Shasta Lake Redevelopment Agency, “Shasta Dam Area RP Fourth Amendment DEIR,” February 2008, p. 6.3-3; Hoover, Historic Spots in California, 440. 27 Albert Hurtado, Indian Survival on the California Frontier, (New Haven, 1988), 75. 28 Rawls and Bean, California, 85-89; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, Article VIII, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon, accessed August 1, 2007.
12 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
River. News of Marshall‟s discovery spread like wildfire and soon, as the saying goes, the world rushed in. Half of California‟s population descended upon the region between San Francisco and the Sierra Nevada foothills, with the former‟s population alone growing from fewer than 1,000 people at the opening of 1848 to more than 26,000 by year‟s end. Huge waves of migrants from the East Coast and immigrants from Europe, Central and South America, and Asia commenced the following year. These settlers regularly squatted on already claimed land. By 1850, California‟s population was sufficiently large that the territory could apply for statehood.
Mining interests similarly shaped the early development of Shasta County. Reading discovered gold on his rancho lands in March 1848 at the mouth of Clear Creek Canyon. By July of that year, he found more deposits on the Trinity River. This early success at the mines ensured that his rancho became the county seat when Shasta County was established in 1850 as one of the state‟s original 27 counties. One year later, however, it was moved to Shasta, “the gateway to the rich gold diggings of Shasta and Trinity Counties.”29
Indeed, Shasta, believed to be named after the Russian word, “Tcheste,” meaning “chaste pure and clear,” witnessed a phenomenal rise to significance when rich gold deposits were discovered nearby. The first stagecoach arrived in 1851, and scores of freight teams, stagecoach operations, and mule packs arrived everyday to distribute people, goods, and information into the bustling mining town. By 1852, Shasta counted “5 stage companies, 5 hotels, 1 horse market and livery stable, 1 blacksmith shop, 2 drugstores, 3 doctors, 4 attorneys, a city bathhouse, 3 bookstores, 7 wholesale and retail stores, 3 furniture builders, 1 clothing emporium, 1 civil engineer, 1 painting and paper hanging store, 1 jeweler and watchmaker, 1 restaurant, a bowling alley and a ten pin alley.”30 Its population reached the thousands. By 1878, multiple fires had devastated Shasta and mining productivity was declining rapidly. In addition, the Oregon and California Railroad Company had announced in 1872 that it would lay tracks to the west of Shasta and through the former county seat of Redding. These factors combined to spark a precipitous decline in Shasta‟s fortunes. After the county seat returned to Redding in 1888, many businesses removed to Redding as well. By the twentieth century, Shasta was all but abandoned. Mrs. Mae Helene Boggs, who had grown up in Shasta during the 1880s and went on to become a prominent collector of California art, co-organizer of the Panama Pacific International Exposition, and political figure, played a pivotal role in preserving the town‟s heritage, ultimately resulting in its 1937 designation as a State Historic Monument.31
Several other small settlements sprang up with new discoveries of gold, silver, quartz, copper, and other ores and minerals. A few were particularly important to the City of Shasta Lake, though not necessarily the largest settlements or most important overall: Copper and Silver City – including 40 camps, 7 houses, and 14 saloons – was founded in 1863 in the Pittsburg mining district. The large deposits of copper and silver were depleted by 1867, but the town subsequently experienced brief periods of development. The demise of copper smelting after 1917 all but signaled the death knell of Copper and Silver City.32 Coram was founded in 1907 as a company town for the Balaklala copper mine on Motion Creek. Three years later, it incorporated with a population of 575. Like all smelting operations, the Coram smelter “resulted in sulfurous smoke, killing vegetation and crops and corroding metal work of all kinds for miles.” Farmers of Happy
29 Kobe, Shasta County, 32; Hoover, Historic Spots, 440-441. 30 Kobe, Shasta County, 32. 31 Kobe, Shasta County, 32-34; California Department of Parks and Recreation, “Shasta State Historic Park Features 100 Years of California Art in Courthouse Museum Reflecting the State‟s Cultural Diversity,” http://www.parks.ca.gov (accessed April ). 32 Kobe, Shasta County, 38.
13 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Valley won a lawsuit that forced the closure of the Balaklala smelting operation, and by 1914, the city counted just 50 people. Ten years later, most of the remaining few buildings were burned down.33 Kennett grew up around the site of traditional fishing and hunting grounds of the Wintu tribe. Europeans and Wintu tribes likely first made contact in 1844, when Ross McCloud passed through town, and John Sisk settled in what would later become the site of Kennett in 1857. The railroad arrived in 1883. Only in 1884 and the discovery of gold on Squaw Creek, however, did Kennett take off as a mining town. Successful copper smelting operations at nearby Keswick in the 1890s led to further growth of Kennett. Unlike Shasta, these dying towns did not find a patron or patroness who fought to preserve them. Apart from Keswick, the ruins of each town now lie under water, the consequence of Shasta Dam‟s construction in the 1930s and 1940s.34
The above map of Shasta County dates to 1862 and shows the concentration of mining operations that grew up practically overnight in the region during the early American period. Courtesy of Dottie Smith, Historic Data Inventory, 4.
33 Kobe, Shasta County, 38-39, 120. 34 A copper mining boom that began in the 1880s, resulting in the operation of five copper smelters in the county: Keswick (1896-1907), Coram (1906-1911), Kennett (1905-1919), Bully Hill (1901-1910), and Ingot (1905-1909) (Historic Spots, 446). Copper production peaked between 1897 and 1919 and 1924- 1925, although it continued to be mined until 1969. Kobe, Shasta County, 78-79; Dottie Smith, Historic Data Inventory of the Shasta County Interlakes Special Recreation Management Area, Prepared for the Bureau of Land Management (1995), V.
14 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Although the above mining towns were short-lived and many mining operations in Shasta County were intermittent, they left behind an unmistakable legacy. Unlike the Mexicans who preceded them, American miners clashed with indigenous peoples. Violence was not simply common between the two groups; American miners and settlers considered indigenous Californians a hindrance to the manifest destiny of the white man to settle and bring Christianity and material prosperity to the North American continent. Dramatic displacement through war or relocation occurred throughout the American continent, but California during the Gold Rush and the decades immediately following essentially witnessed genocidal warfare. By 1900, the population of 310,000 Indians who occupied California before European colonization was reduced to approximately 15,000-30,000. While some Wintu found refuge and subsistence on the territories of Anglos like Livingston Stone and Pierson Reading, their populations suffered dramatic losses too. Survivors were often displaced and destitute, their culture struggled to survive. 35 Environmental destruction was rife as well. Even the earliest mining methods in the 1850s destroyed riverbeds and salmon habitat. Settlers felled trees for housing and introduced cattle and fences that transformed the natural habitat. Before electricity was introduced to the region in 1898, trees also provided the fuel necessary for smelting. Sulfur fumes, a byproduct of the refining process, killed many of the remaining trees and vegetation, leaving barren wastelands where forests had once stood.36
Churntown The Gold Rush also introduced the first non-native settlement within the boundaries of the City of Shasta Lake. It was located in the Churn Creek area of mines camped near Middle Creek, below what is today Keswick Dam. According to a first-hand account of the settlement, a small band of gold seekers, mostly from Missouri, who had been mining near Middle Creek, crossed to the east side of the Sacramento River and settled a camp near Churn Creek. Indians soon attacked and discouraged further settlement for a short time. With gold on their minds, a second, larger band of miners equipped with better defenses returned to Churn Creek.
They commenced by acting on the offensive, attacked the Indians in their Rancheria, killed some and wounded others; but the Indians stood their ground so well that the whites were finally compelled to retreat – one of their number… receiving an arrow wound in one arm, severing an artery, which wound, for the want of surgical skill, terminated finally in his death. These Indians were the Pit River tribe, the boldest and bravest of any in the States. They seemed determined that no settlement should be made on that side of the Sacramento River… [which] was a strong line of defense.37
A third group of miners – about thirty men mostly from New England – attempted to settle the area for a third time in December 1849. They set up two tents, one measuring thirty-four feet long by twenty wide and the other measuring twelve square feet, and constructed a twenty-foot square log cabin, creating the first building constructed by non-natives in the CSL area. After two weeks of peaceful prospecting, a large group of Indians attempted to attack the tiny settlement. The men inside the log cabin were able to fortify their door, keeping the Indians out, and one man shot an Indian. The men in the tents, however, faced an ambush of arrows, and many of them suffered
35 Frank LaPena, “Introduction,” in Alice R. Hoveman, Journey to Justice: The Wintu People and the Salmon (Redding, 2002), 15-16. 36 Hoveman, “Wintu People,” 25-27. 37 Excerpt of tale told by Frank and Chappell, found in North State Resources, Inc. “Heritage Grove Project: Archaeological Reconnaissance Investigation 198 acres, Shasta Lake City, Shasta County.” Prepared for Corpac Development, Inc. June 2008, p. 10.
15 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
non-life-threatening injuries. Overall, the miners defended themselves well against the Indians, for they never faced another attack.38
Left: Walcott‟s (Flanagan‟s) store and saloon, ca. 1889. Courtesy of Mayor Greg Watkins. Right: Walcott‟s Store, March 3, 2010. Photo by Carey & Co.
Churntown, the City of Shasta Lake‟s first non-native settlement, thus grew into a prosperous mining community. Walcott and Mahan are prominent names in the early history of Churntown. Nelson Walcott opened a store and saloon; he disappeared mysteriously, but his store became the Flanagan home and, though significantly altered, remains standing to this day. It is probably the oldest structure in CSL. Like Walcott, John Mahan appears on the tax rolls by 1860. He immigrated to the United States from Ireland and engaged in mining and farming in the Churntown area. Remnants of his family‟s homestead can be found in the City of Shasta Lake, including a cellar, and a well hand dug by Jack Dalton, “the best well digger in the county.” Mahan‟s daughter Julia married John Flanagan, an Irishman who immigrated to the United States in 1880 and soon settled in the Churntown area, where he became a prominent figure in the mining industry. Remnants of the Flanagan estate remain in the City of Shasta Lake as well; in addition to the Walcott store, mention above, which served as the Flanagan home, multiple outbuildings still exist.39
Railroad and Transportation Many of the major roads in the Shasta Dam area originated during the era of the Gold Rush. Pierson Reading‟s return route from mining on the Trinity River near Douglas City became the Shasta-Weaverville Road, which miners followed in the 1850s after hearing of Reading‟s success. They imported mining supplies on mule back via this trail to mines located along the Trinity, Scott, and Salmon Rivers. Charles Camden widened this trail into a wagon road in 1861, and the State Route 299/Redding-Eureka highway now follows this path of the Gold Rush. Early stage routes from Redding to Yreka passed through the City of Shasta Lake via today‟s Ashby Road and Black Canyon Road, and a wagon road constructed in 1910 from Newton north to Kennett follows today‟s Lake Boulevard. State Route 3 also originated in 1859 as a stage road from
38 North State Resources, “Heritage Grove,” 11-13. 39 United States Census, 1870-1910 (www.ancestry.com, accessed November 19, 2010); PowerPoint presentation by Mayor Greg Watkins, provided to Carey & Co. by the mayor.
16 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Shasta to Yreka, California, just south of the California/Oregon border. A history of California highways recounts the development of Interstate 5:
In the decade of the Gold Rush, miners, farmers, and merchants of the Counties of Shasta and Siskiyou were unable to communicate with the outside world or bring their produce to market except over dangerous pack trails due to the rugged terrain in the Sacramento River Canyon. After other wagon road building efforts failed, Elias B. Stone and his sons secured a state franchise to build a wagon road. With brawn, black powder, mules, and oxen, the Stone family built nine bridges across the Sacramento River, 15 bridges across creeks and gulches, and a narrow road notched into the Sacramento River Canyon's walls, running 43 miles, from the Siskiyou-Shasta county line to the Stone family's ferry boat and landing on the Pit River, a few miles above that river's junction with the Sacramento River. The Stone family completed the Stone Turnpike in the Sacramento River Canyon in 1861, but after only a few months of collecting tolls, disaster, in the form of the worst winter storm known in the area to that time, destroyed most of their work. The Stone family mortgaged all of its property and rebuilt a better toll road despite several legal entanglements. Other parties finally gained full control of the Stone family's company and the Stone Turnpike in 1868. In the 1870s, the Stone Turnpike became the major north to south stage route to Oregon; in 1887, the steel rails of the Central Pacific Railroad displaced the Stone Turnpike in some sections to complete the rail link into southern Oregon. In 1915, the dusty old stage road became Shasta County's part of the Pacific Highway, the predecessor of US 99, which is now I-5. Named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 94, Chapter 98, in 1994.40
Bird‟s Eye View of Redding, Shasta County, California, c. 1890. The Sacramento River surrounds the city, and the railroad tracks run through the center. Courtesy of the Bancroft Library.
40 Hoover, Historic Spots, 438-439; “The Search for Gold in Weaverville, California,” http://www.tcrcd.net/brochures/pdf/Search_for_Gold_in_Weaverville.pdf (accessed April 14, 2010), 4; http://www.cahighways.org/001-008.html#005 (accessed April 14, 2010).
17 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
The arrival of the railroad not only influenced transportation routes, but also affected land use patterns in the Redding and Shasta Dam area. As noted earlier, the Oregon and California Railroad Company planned to build a railroad through Redding as early as 1872 and the Southern Pacific finished laying tracks from Redding to Portland, Oregon in 1887. This railway rendered permanent and faster transportation routes that had been established since the Gold Rush. As the Southern Pacific constructed its rail line through Redding towards Oregon, however, the Southern Pacific became one of the largest property owners in the region; the railroad giant owned a checkerboard pattern of 160-acre parcels for twenty miles on either side of the tracks. Although the Southern Pacific did not invest significant capital in developing towns and resorts in this northern part of California – as it did in Monterey, for example, with the construction of the Del Monte Hotel – it did control development through land sales. During the 1920s, in particular, the Southern Pacific sold land at the rate of $2.50 to $5 per acre to aspiring ranching families who erected fences, cleared brush, and irrigated the land for pasture. The Southern Pacific similarly owned much of the land that eventually became the City of Shasta Lake.41
Great Depression/New Deal On October 28, 1929, the stock market crashed. Though by no means the sole cause for economic disaster, the crash signaled the commencement of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in United States history.
The Great Depression had a devastating impact on the State of California. With virtually no market in the nation able to purchase the state‟s specialized luxury crops, surplus food rotted and farmers lost money. Three hundred thousand migrants from the Dust Bowl states of the Central Plains, Texas, and Arkansas traveled to California seeking jobs in the state‟s vast orchards and fields, but with 142 workers for every 100 agricultural jobs, wages plummeted to below subsistence levels. While farmers stood to profit handsomely by paying such low wages, labor agitation grew. Leftist union organizations fought right-leaning farmers‟ organizations in the battle between wages and profit. By the late 1930s, farmers had mortgaged their houses, defaulted on loans and taxes, and had grown weary of labor strife. They began to sell their land to developers.42 From an outsider‟s perspective, the state appeared to be threatening the democratic Capitalist order too. In Long Beach, Dr. Francis Townsend called for a Social Security program that would tax wages to create a fund that allowed for older workers to retire from the labor force and live on government-subsidized income. The famously eccentric and Socialist muckraker, Upton Sinclair, ran his End Poverty in California – or EPIC – campaign for governor. Labor strife in San Francisco reached a peak with a long and ultimately violent and successful general strike in 1934.43
Lorena Hickock, a newspaperwoman who traveled the West for the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) to report on conditions in that part of the country, declared California a mess. She suggested that many of California‟s problems could be solved if more people could settle small family farms up and down the Central Valley, but realized a publicly controlled
41 Robert C. Ellickson, “Of Coarse and Cattle: Dispute Resolution among Neighbors in Shasta County,” Stanford Law Review, Vol. 38, no. 3 (February 1986), 634. For a comprehensive history of the Southern Pacific Railroad, see Richard J. Orsi, Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850-1930 (Berkeley, 2005). 42 Kevin Starr, Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California (New York, 1996), 67-84, 162- 164; Richard B. Rice, et al., The Elusive Eden: A New History of California (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2002), 423-425. 43 See Starr, Endangered Dreams.
18 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
irrigation network would have to be implemented. The privately run irrigation districts in existence at the time provided inadequate service at high prices, too high for the average farmer.44 Relief was slow to come. The state government was ill equipped both politically and logistically to address problems associated with overpopulation, high unemployment, labor agitation, failing businesses, and an acute housing shortage. After delaying implementation of relief programs, the State burdened already bankrupt counties to pay for the emergency bonds, which was untenable. President Herbert Hoover, meanwhile, urged voluntary cooperation among businessmen and farmers to sustain production levels and retain employees. When that failed, Hoover supported a modest infusion of federal funds towards public construction projects, but when the economy reached its nadir in 1932, Hoover retrenched public spending and proposed a tax increase to ensure the government‟s solvency. This action proved unpopular, and the failure of Hoover‟s policies led to Franklin Delano Roosevelt‟s landslide victory in November 1932.45
Despite political opposition from the right and the left, and in spite of Supreme Court decisions that ruled aspects of his relief programs unconstitutional, President Roosevelt implemented his New Deal program.46 This series of federally funded programs often referred to by their acronyms – AAA, NRA, CCC, WPA, PWA, FWP – created jobs for everybody from general laborers, contractors, and electricians to writers, actors, artists, architects, and more. Among the projects funded through the New Deal were plays, murals, oral histories, travel guides, posters, schools, post offices, roads, hiking trails, parks, and sanitation facilities. Locally, the CCC ran telephone lines from Redding to fire lookouts, such as that at Bear Mountain, near Jones Valley. While all of these projects created some jobs, they did not have the monumental scale in duration, demand for labor, variety of jobs, and impact on an entire region‟s economy like the Tennessee Valley Authority did through the electrification of the rural south. That project involved the construction of dams on reclaimed land, meaning the government claimed eminent domain over land that may have been claimed and improved by private citizens.
The Central Valley Project and Shasta Dam For decades, California‟s politicians, farmers, and business leaders eyed the Central Valley for its potential to yield vast quantities of agricultural products. Such an enterprise, however, required a complex irrigation system that included large, politically controversial, capture dams. In 1921 Robert Marshall, a former official for the U. S. Geological Survey, proposed a plan to make better use of the Sacramento water by diverting its resources to irrigate the Central Valley while retaining its navigability and creating hydroelectric power. A public commission would oversee the distribution plan. Marshall‟s plan failed, but it spurred survey work to determine the best sites for building dams for such a monumental irrigation system, and in 1927, the California State Engineer released a report that stressed the importance of a storage dam along the upper Sacramento River. The report also outlined the type of structure that dam should be (a concrete curved gravity dam) and advocated federal funding assistance. An addendum in 1929 outlined a public-private power distribution system. Voters passed a measure in 1933 to fund the Central Valley Project. After failing to raise enough funds to build the project, however, California turned
44 Richard Lowitt, The New Deal & the West (Bloomington, 1984), 24-25. 45 Alan Brinkley, American History: A Survey, Vol. II: Since 1865 (Boston, 1999), 864-869. 46 The Supreme Court struck down aspects of the National Recovery Act (NRA) in 1935 and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in 1936, arguing that Congress had unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the president with the NRA, and the federal government had overstepped its boundaries in forcing farmers to limit production as part of the AAA. Despite these and other similar setbacks, federal programs increased and federal regulation of the economy expanded. See Brinkley, American History, 875-901.
19 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
the CVP over to the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and in 1935, President Roosevelt approved the Central Valley Project as a Federal Reclamation Project.47 With water available at reasonable rates throughout the valley, and with property ownership for people who used federally funded water restricted to 160 acres per person or 320 per married couple, Lorena Hickock‟s ideal California of small, self-sustaining farms could, perhaps, become a reality.
Five main components made up the original CVP: Shasta Dam, the Delta-Mendota Canal, Friant Dam, the Friant-Kern Canal, and the Contra Costa Canal. The latter was the smallest component and, unlike the others, delivered water to industry, farms, and homes in eastern Contra Costa County; the other components worked together to store and deliver water from the upper Sacramento River to the Central Valley, mostly for agricultural irrigation.48
Pacific Constructors, Inc. (PCI) won the contract to build the dam in July 1938 and began construction on Shasta Dam by the end of the summer. The task took nearly seven years and involved five broad tasks: river diversion, foundation excavation, concrete production, formwork construction, and concrete casting. Each of these tasks was monumental in nature. Concrete production, for example, required the construction of a 9.5-mile long conveyor belt to transport the aggregate to the concrete mixing plant located near the 460-foot-high headtower at the dam site. Once mixed, the concrete was poured into the wooden form from an eight-cubic-yard bucket that traversed one of seven cableways. According to historian David Billington, “For a structure requiring over 6 million cubic yards of concrete, the filling/lifting/dumping process had to be repeated over 700,000 times.”49 PCI closed water flow of the Sacramento River in 1944, giving way to the creation of Lake Shasta, and the last bucket of concrete was poured on January 2, 1945.50 When completed, Shasta Dam stood as the “second largest concrete dam in the world, exceeded in mass only by Grand Coulee and in height only by Boulder [Hoover] Dam…. Its height was… taller at the time than the tallest skyscrapers in the West. Its length… was comparable to seven ordinary city blocks…. The release of water at Shasta Dam… would generate about 1.5 billion-kilowatt hours of electricity annually…. [and] the reservoir was projected to have a gross storage capacity of 4.5 million acre feet.”51
A project of this magnitude generated thousands of jobs. They included, among others, bridge building, laying tracks, drilling new tunnels for the rerouted Southern Pacific Railroad, excavation of abutments, drilling, drainage of culverts, construction of water tanks to supply water to the workers‟ camp, terracing, clearing trees within the lake, concrete pouring, road construction, landscaping, and residential, commercial, and institution building.52
Shasta Dam and the Labor Movement The Great Depression ushered in one of the most active and arguably success eras for unionization and labor agitation in United States history. In 1934, for example, San Francisco‟s longshoremen spearheaded a general strike, calling for better wages, regular hours, and a union-
47 David P. Billington, Big Dams of the New Deal Era (Norman, OK, 2006), 266-272; JRP, “Contra Costa Canal,” 78; Kevin Starr, Endangered Dreams, 315309-316; Richard Lowitt, The New Deal & the West (Bloomington, 1984), 195-199. 48 JRP and CalTrans, “Water Conveyance Systems in California,” 76; JRP, “Contra Costa Canal,” 79. 49 Billington, Big Dams, 280; Al M. Rocca, Shasta Dam: A History of Construction, 1938-1945 (Redding, 2009), 82-83; Pacific Constructors, Inc., Shasta Dam and Its Builders 1945 (San Francisco, 1945), 97. 50 Billington, Big Dams, 277-285. 51 Lowitt, New Deal, 199. 52 See Lowitt, New Deal, 189-202; Billington, Big Dams, 275-285; Rocca, Shasta Dam.
20 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
run hiring hall to regulate hiring practices instead of the daily “shape-up,” whereby industry bosses would choose which longshoremen would work that day. The strike attracted international attention for its duration and broad support, for violent skirmishes between police and longshoremen, for its charismatic leader, Harry Bridges, and for its success. Ultimately, San Francisco‟s longshoremen won their fight and helped set the standard for fair labor practices and strike negotiations across industries. The Longshoremen‟s strike was only one of many high profile and often militant labor actions during the 1930s.53
By 1935, the rising number of labor activists and surging interest in liberal ideas like racial and gender equality caused a schism within organized labor. Rank and file members of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), a skilled-labor union open to white men, which had long been the leading labor organization in the country, wanted to open membership to industrial – or unskilled – labor. The AFL refused, leading to the establishment of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), which not only embraced industrial labor, but also opened membership to African Americans and women. Federal responses to the labor movement included the creation of the National Labor Relations Board (NRLB) in 1935, which essentially recognized the legitimacy of labor unions and intervened in labor negotiations when necessary. In 1938, the federal government passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which established the eight-hour day (a policy organized labor had been trying to achieve for over seventy years) and the minimum wage.54
Just a few of the men – in this case, boilermakers – who worked on the construction of Shasta Dam and related projects. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Shasta Dam naturally attracted labor organization as well. Both the AFL and CIO established union halls in Central Valley; indeed, they both used the Shadows Dance Hall (demolished) on
53 Founsf.org (accessed January 4, 2011); Brinkley, American History, 887-888. 54 Brinkley, American History, 885-888, 894.
21 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
North Avenue as their union headquarters.55 No labor history of Shasta Dam has been written, but, despite sometimes-dangerous working conditions, available evidence suggests that labor unrest was essentially unknown in the boomtowns that now comprise the City of Shasta Lake.
Government Towns, Boomtowns, and Company Towns: Housing the Labor Force In 1937, when the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation began work on Shasta Dam, the area between the dam site and Redding “was mostly unsettled wasteland covered with Manzanita and oak trees.” Practically overnight, more than 5,500 men – many of whom had worked on large-scale Bureau of Reclamation projects like Boulder (Hoover) Dam and Fort Peck Dam in Montana, and others who migrated from drought-stricken regions of the South and Great Plains – descended upon the region with their families. They all hoped to find work, and they all needed a place to live. Another era of boomtowns began in Shasta County.56
Government Camp/Toyon
Clockwise from top left: Seaman Family home, 1922; remodeled Seaman home at Toyon. Courtesy of Mayor Greg Watkins. Aerial view of Toyon, 1941. Courtesy of UC Davis. Right: Cottages at Toyon, c. 1939. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
In 1937, recognizing the need for housing near the Shasta Dam project area, the United States constructed a town for federal employees who were managing construction, housing, and other activities related to the Shasta County aspects of the Central Valley Project. The government purchased Seaman Ranch land, which had been established by Porter Seaman in the 1850s and
55 Oral History and tour with Del Heibert, interviewed by Alison Vanderslice, March 1, 2010. 56 Margaret, “Substation Dedication,” May 5, 1982, Public Utilities District Documents, Shasta Lake Historical Society.
22 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
was known for its fruits and vegetables, to establish Kennett Camp. In addition to new construction at the site, the government remodeled the Seaman family home and used it as a community house. Later renamed Toyon, after the red berry bushes nearby, or Government Camp, as the locals called it, the federal community consisted of neat rows of identical cottages, paved streets, sidewalks, manicured lawns, and park and recreation facilities. Three companies constructed approximately 100 buildings and completed the water system for Toyon, while the CCC paved the roads and constructed sidewalks in 1939.57 When it was completed, historian Al Rocca notes, it “shined as a government model community.”58
Boomtown (Central Valley), Project City, Pine Grove, and Summit City At first, the new arrivals who did not find accommodations at Toyon or Pine Grove and who were greeted with hostility in Redding, settled near the dam site in a largely ad-hoc manner. Individual families constructed inexpensive housing – cabins and even tents – along the dirt road that led from Highway 99 to the dam site and resolved their own water and sanitation facilities. Soon, however, private land speculators purchased property (mostly owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad, albeit in a checkerboard pattern) and started work on transforming pastures into subdivisions, including Boomtown (Central Valley) and Summit City.59 A map showing all of the dam-era boomtowns is included in Appendix A.
Left: Aerial View of Boomtown. Right: Tibbitts Humphreys, located on Shasta Dam Road, across from Givan Street. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Individuals and groups of entrepreneurs built the boomtown cities of Central Valley, Summit City, and Project City. According to one local resident, Gene Hammans, “purchased some land at the intersection of the road to Kennet [sic] and Hiway [sic] 99. He built a service station way out here midway between the Oasis and Fish‟s store and garage near Mountain Gate. This is the first new venture I can remember.” Similarly, Charles House, a longtime Shasta County resident, purchased about five acres at the intersection of Shasta Dam Boulevard and Ashby Road. He sold off the land in portions, and this land became prime commercial real estate in Boomtown, or Central Valley.60 Albert Rouge (1883-1964) was another significant landowner who sold off his property to boomtown developers. Born in Larbont, a small village in the Basque region of France, Rouge immigrated to the United States in 1909 at the age of twenty-five. After working as a logger for Weed Lumber Company in Siskiyou County, he relocated to the Shasta Lake area and purchased several acres of land, stretching on both sides of Shasta Dam Boulevard from
57 Peter M. Jensen, “Archaeological Inventory Survey: City of Shasta Lake Water System Improvements Project,” prepared for the City of Shasta Lake, September 30, 2005, p. 8; „Charles Augustus House,” in Shasta Jamboree Program (2007), SLHHS, 30; “Early History of Shasta Dam Area,” SLHHS. 58 Rocca, Shasta Dam, 30. 59 Margaret, “Substation Dedication.” 60 “Charles Augustus House,” manuscript document on file at SLHHS.
23 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
approximately Twin Lakes Road to just east of Rouge Road, and became a farmer. His own house was located where Twin Lakes Mobile Home Park is today. Like Charles House, Rouge began to sell off part of his land as government workers, laborers, and others began to arrive in droves in the late 1930s; his property formed significant portions of the northwest quadrant of Central Valley.61 Groups of entrepreneurs also purchased the land that became Project City. They sold lots feverishly in 1937 and 1938. Charles Akard, meanwhile, wanted to build a town of his own. He purchased significant land holdings along Highway 99, to the south of Project City, and named his development Pine Grove, which had large lots, but no school, post office, or independent commercial center.62 By 1939, these new towns counted several hundred houses, a private company distributed water from wells to homes, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) supplied electricity, and septic disposal systems were installed for wastewater.
Clockwise from top left: The Central Valley Public Market located on Shasta Dam Boulevard at Red Bluff Street was demolished in 2004; the Mint is located on Shasta Dam Boulevard across from Ashby Road; the Safeway store did not last long, as it was considered too corporate, and the building on Shasta Dam Boulevard, near Toyon, was recently torn down;63 the exactly location of the Roundup on Shasta Dam Boulevard is unclear, but it was typical commercial architecture in the Dam-era boomtowns. Courtesy of Library of Congress.
A commercial thoroughfare along Grand Coulee Boulevard (later known as Shasta Dam Boulevard) connected Project City and Summit City. According to a Cultural Resources Inventory completed by ENPLAN and Coyote & Fox Enterprises, “This was an unpaved street with board sidewalks, and businesses included cafes, gas stations, small grocery stores, and
61 United States Census, 1920 & 1930, www.ancestry.com (accessed January 14, 2011); California Death Index, ibid.; Mayor George Watkins to Debbie Israel, January 13, 2011. 62 “Early History of Shasta Dam Area,” SLHHS, 1-2. 63 Oral History and tour with Del Heibert, interviewed by Alison Vanderslice, March 1, 2010.
24 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
service shop.”64 A history of early Shasta Dam area listed further describes the “stringtown” from Project City to Summit City: “Most of the businesses were eating places and/or taverns, but a drug store, variety stores, lumber yards, a theatre, a skating rink, a dancehall or two, service stations, cabin courts and several small grocery stores came and went and were forgotten, in the main. No hard liquor was sold in the whole area,” as federal regulations prohibited the sale of alcohol within four miles of a government operation. The boulevard was paved in 1939 and became State Highway 109A.65
Company Town PCI also built a town at the base of the dam site. They called it Shasta Dam, and it included shops, a hospital and commissary, 130 residences, and a post office. With the completion of the dam, most of the houses were moved as far south as Chico, while the commissary became a department store plus boardinghouse and restaurant.66
Schools As noted, families settled these boomtowns, and their children were entitled to a public education. PCI was obligated to provide educational facilities for the children of these families. As part of its contractual obligations, PCI supplied the labor and materials for the first school to be constructed, Toyon School, which was completed in three weeks in 1938 at the intersection of Shasta Dam and Lake Boulevards.67 More than 200 students arrived on the first day of classes to fill 125 seats, and two more rooms were hastily constructed during the week of Thanksgiving. Matthew Rumboltz, who was educated in Chico, was appointed the first principal of the school. By the end of the school year, Toyon School accommodated over 400 students.68
Others schools followed: Union School District allocated $22,445 for the construction of a five- room school that became Central Valley School. By September 1, 1939, two rooms of the new school had been completed, while the Shasta Tunnel and Construction Worker‟s Hall (known locally as the CIO-Congress of Industrial Organizations Hall) on North Avenue was subdivided into temporary classrooms. Five teachers were hired to teach the first 155 students. By March 1940, the local paper hailed the new school as “ultra-modern.” A fire partially destroyed Central Valley School in 1963, and in 1980 the buildings underwent extensive upgrades; they were gutted, doors and windows removed, then “rebuilt with modern insulation, sheetrock, doors, and shatterproof glass.”69
Project City, which was established in 1940, also established an elementary school during the early settlement period. For a time, Project City located its school in lumberman Guy Snavely‟s building, popularly known as “Hell‟s Gulch,” after a celebration organized in 1939 by several
64 ENPLAN and Coyote & Fox Enterprises, “Cultural Resources Inventory for Proposed Improvements along Vallecito Street between Montana and Hardenbrook Avenues, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California,” prepared for the City of Shasta Lake, February 2005, p. 5-6. 65 “Early History of Shasta Dam Area,” 3; Margaret, “Substation Dedication;” Coyote & Fox Enterprises, “Cultural Resources Study for the New Civic Center Complex, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California,” prepared for G4 Architecture Research + Planning, April 2009, p. 8 66 “Early History of Shasta Dam Area.” 67 At the time, Lake Boulevard was called “Buckeye Road.” 68 Matthew J. Rumboltz, “Boomtown Schools 1938-1955,” manuscript, p. 1, courtesy of Matthew J. Rumboltz. 69 Coyote & Fox, “Civic Center Complex,” 10-11; “Charles Augustus House,” in Shasta Damboree program (2007), SLHHS, 30; “Early History of Shasta Dam Area,” 7.
25 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
businessmen who wanted “to have a celebration of some sort to make money and raise hell.”70 Edward Fish, a lifelong resident of Shasta County and local farmer who opened a service station when the Shasta Dam area‟s population started to swell in the late 1930s, had donated property for the Union School, located close to what is now Old Oregon Trail. Later, that school was moved and Fish got his land back. Project City School was renamed Grand Oaks.71
Left: Central Valley Elementary, c. 1953 (demolished). Right: Project City School, ca. 1941 (now moved from its original location and named Grand Oaks Elementary, 5309 Grand Avenue). Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Coyote & Fox Enterprises summarized the history of the school district from the postwar period through the end of the early twenty-first century:
In 1955, Central Valley Elementary School was part of the new Shasta Lake Union Elementary School District, along with the three other elementary schools in the area: Toyon, Project City, and Deer Creek. This was also the year Central Valley High School was built. Prior to that time, high school students had attended Shasta Union High School in Redding. Then by 1980, Project City Elementary School and Toyon Elementary School were grades [K] through 3, Deer Creek Elementary was grades 4 through 6, and Central Valley Intermediate School was for 8th and 9th graders. In 1991, the four elementary school districts of Shasta Lake, Bass, Buckeye, and Canyon, along with Central Valley High School combined and became Gateway Unified School District; and in 2001 Central Valley Intermediate School (CVI) moved to Shasta Lake Middle School, the site of the former Deer Creek school, [which had been constructed in 1958 for 7th and 8th graders from Toyon, CVI, and Project City schools], and the former CVI buildings then housed Mountain Lakes High School, an alternative high school.72
For all of the entrepreneurial spirit that went into the development of Shasta Dam‟s boomtowns, life was still primitive. As one resident recalled, “This was the last frontier.” The most complex water system consisted of a well unit at the intersection of Front Street and Shasta Dam Boulevard in Central Valley. Households transported their water by pails from the well to their homes. A Mr. Steffens also installed a haphazard system of wells and reservoirs that were easily contaminated and flush toilets were a rare luxury.73 Epidemics were a real danger, but water and sanitation conditions remained this way well into the 1940s.
70 “Early History of Shasta Dam Area,” 10. 71 Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. 72 Coyote & Fox, “Civic Center Complex,” 11. 73 “Early History of the Shasta Dam Area,” 5.
26 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Newspapers As primitive and temporary as the living conditions were in the Shasta Lake boomtowns, the residents recreated complex cultural communities from which they came. They established churches and newspapers. Indeed, no fewer than three weekly newspapers – the Shasta Herald, the Dam News, and the Central Valley Times – were all established by 1938.74 A local resident described the character of the people who settled the boomtowns that became the City of Shasta Lake: “They were often rough in manner and not given to circumlocution of speech. Many had been on several construction jobs together…. Their children in school had seen more of our country than I had. They were more sophisticated than other Shasta County children, sometimes coarse in speech, but generally good hearted and quickly forgot quarrels.”75 They also held the first community celebration “Hells Gulch” in 1939. This annual event was organized to raise money for civic improvements, such as schools and fire protection, and became known as the Damboree in 1951 to commemorate the completion of the dam.76 The annual celebration endures today.
Cemeteries The City of Shasta Lake hosts several cemeteries that offer snapshots of the area‟s history. Some of the cemeteries date back to the early days of California‟s American period. For example, the Williams family donated the land for Newtown Cemetery, which was created to bury miners. Pioneers Miles and Tamson Galland Cahow, however, held the dubious honor of burying the first four people at Newtown. They buried their four-year-old son John W. Cahow in 1854, followed by John‟s would-be brother, Alonzo, in 1858. Alonzo was just three years old. Miles Cahow followed in 1869, at the age of forty-six, and Nicholas Cahow, born in Iowa in 1845, died and was buried at Newtown in 1871. Not much is known about the Cahows, but the family‟s death record underscores the harsh reality of everyday life in the City of Shasta Lake area during the Gold Rush Era and early American periods.77 Newtown Cemetery continues to be used for new burials.
The cemeteries too, immortalize the temporary origins of regional settlement and distinct character that developed from it. Rather than methodically organized into evenly measured plots and adorned with more or less standardized headstones and statuary, burial sites appear as randomly scattered mounds in the untamed forest. Simple metal markers pressed with the name, birth, and death dates of the deceased mark the graves at the small Nellie Bell Lane, or Churntown, Cemetery, located off Lake Boulevard.
Black Canyon Cemetery is directly linked to Shasta Dam. As water levels behind the dam rose to create Shasta Lake, several communities, some of which were already abandoned, flooded. Related cemeteries and Indian burial grounds faced a similar fate, but the federal government set aside forty acres to the north of Central Valley, at the end of today‟s Boca Street, to form the Central Valley Cemetery. According to a history of the cemetery, the government then “moved
74 The Shasta Herald also covered the Burney area in the same way that the Shasta Lake Bulletin does now. The Shasta Herald lasted only through 1939, and the Central Valley News discontinued in 1940. Central Valley also published the Boomtown Gazette, and Shasta Dame Area News existed from 1945-1947. 75 “Early History of the Shasta Dam Area,” 12. 76 Shasta Damboree Souvenir Program, 1952. On file at the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. 77 Genealogy records suggest that Tamson and Miles Cahow divorced, for Tamson married Robert Handlon in 1863, before Miles Cahow died. “Newtown Cemetery, Shasta Co., CA,” http://myclouds.tripod.com/shasta/newtown.html (accessed January 4, 2011); www.familysearch.org (accessed January 4, 2011).
27 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
26 burial places and the remains of 301 bodies. Of these, 118 were Indians.”78 Low picket fences surround some of the plots, while others have headstones. Commonly, however, large rocks frame a burial site and small rocks, flowers, and everyday objects cover it.
More popularly known as Black Canyon Cemetery, this site divides into two distinctly separate burials grounds: white citizens are buried at the southern end, and members of the Winneman Wintu tribe are buried at the northern end. Among the prominent tribe members buried at Black Canyon are Alcholmit and Florence Jones (1907-2003). During the nineteenth century, Alcholmit and some friends visited the Samwell cave at the mouth of the McCloud River, the waters of which were believed to bring good fortune. Alcholmit fell into the water, however, and her bones were not found for decades. Her story has been recounted in many books.79 Florence Jones is also buried at Black Canyon. Born to William Curl (Dolikentillema) and Jenny Charles Curl (Chipoki) in 1907, Jones became a nationally recognized spiritual leader and medicine woman among Native Americans, anthropologists, and archaeologists. She was also the most fluent speaker of the Winneman Wintu language and a leader in fights against development of sacred Wintu sites, like the development of a ski resort on Mount Shasta, and for federal recognition of the Winneman Wintu tribe.80
Formation of the Public Utility District (PUD) By the time the dam was completed in 1945, the instant cities that had sprung up in the area counted 3,500 permanent residents who found their hastily developed boomtown amenities inadequate. In 1944, a group of residents organized the Shasta Dam Area Improvement Association (SDAIA), which was responsible for the formation of the Shasta Dam Area Public Utility District (SDAPUD) in 1947. The utility district formed an agreement with the Bureau of Reclamation to purchase water from Shasta Lake, and a bond measure passed in 1947 to build the infrastructure for a water distribution system. Water reached homes in the former boomtowns on February 12, 1948.81
SDAIA next targeted electricity. It first constructed the infrastructure to power an industrial tract, in the hopes of attracting commercial industry. The plan worked; five lumber processing plants were established in the utility district, creating jobs and increasing local land values. In 1953, voters in the utility district passed a bond measure to build the infrastructure necessary to distribute power to all residents in the districts. In 1957, after fours years of litigation against PG&E, who argued that the SDAPUD presented illegal competition, the utility district installed an electrical distribution system that served most residents. The SDAPUD expanded the electricity system in 1962, with the construction of a transmission line from Keswick Dam to the District, and in 1980, when the SDAPUD purchased PG&E distribution facilities within the District.82
78 Charles J. Gleeson, “The Central Valley Cemetery,” in the Shasta Genealogical Society & the Shasta Historical Society, The Cemetery Book of Shasta County, revised edition (Redding, 1999). 79 Gleeson, “Central Valley Cemetery.” 80 Mark Franco, “Florence Jones, November 28, 1907-November 22, 2003,” http://www.winnememwintu.us/memorial.htm (accessed November 17, 2010); Hove, Journey to Justice, 71-72. 81 Margaret, “Substation Dedication;” Barbara Cross, “Shasta Dam Area History is Perseverance,” Shasta Lake News, April 1993, p. 1. 82 Margaret, “Substation Dedication;” Cross, “Shasta Dam Area History,” 1.
28 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
In addition to water and electricity, the SDAPUD attended to sewage and recreation facilities. It constructed a sewage collection and treatment system in 1976, and the SDAPUD owned and operated seven parks throughout the District. According to one journalist, “Six were built with donated land, materials, and labor or by the PUD personnel. The seventh was constructed using grant money.”83 The City of Shasta Lake‟s first park, however, was Margaret Polf Park, constructed around 1940 by the federal government and PCI Construction. It included a baseball diamond and lights.
In 1948, the SDAPUD counted 700 customers, or about 3,500 people. By 1993, that number had grown to 3,300 customers, or 8783 people. The SDAPUD can thank itself for much of that growth; it enticed industry to the area with low power rates; provided modern conveniences to residents, which, in turn, drew more people to settle in the area; and created jobs through the construction and maintenance of the utility systems as well as through the introduction of the aforementioned industries who established operations in the area.84
Postwar growth After the completion of the dam, many workers and their families stayed in these boomtowns. Some found employment in the growing lumber industry, which was producing plywood and particle board to fuel the postwar housing boom. “Several new lumber mills were built, and lumber-related businesses were established; the automobile and better roads allowed workers to commute to jobs in the mills in Redding and Anderson. Government water projects, PG&E, and a growing recreation industry offered a more diverse economic base for Central Valley and its neighbors. The tarpaper shacks were replaced by more comfortable, durable homes, and buildings erected along Shasta Dam Boulevard in the late 1940s and 1950s held businesses that offered a wider range of services. Of the original Shasta Dam boomtowns, [however,] Central Valley is the only one which maintained a significant business economy.”85
Occupation of Toyon The towns that became the City of Shasta Lake were no less prone to the culture wars that erupted throughout the country during the late 1960s than anywhere else. Tensions manifested themselves most vividly at the former government town of Toyon. In 1963 the sixty-one acre site, which still had about seventy buildings, came under the jurisdiction of the Job Corps. Six years later the Job Corps vacated the land, and in 1971, it was turned over to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Soon thereafter, the Bureau engaged in talks with the Redding Auxiliary of the Indians of California, Inc. to establish a Wintu Historical & Cultural Center at Toyon. Before talks were completed, however, twelve men and women members of the Wintu Tribes claimed the site as their own and occupied it much like Indians of All Nations had been occupying the island of Alcatraz in the San Francisco Bay.86
This event marked the culmination of nearly a century of frustration in working with the federal and state government to achieve a balance between protecting American interests and recognizing
83 Cross, “Shasta Dam Area History,” 1, 3. 84 Margaret, “Substation Dedication;” Barbara Cross, “Shasta Dam Area History is Perseverance,” Shasta Lake News, April 1993, 1, 3. 85 LSA Associates, “Historic Resource Evaluation Report (Positive) Shasta Dam Boulevard between Locust and Washington Avenues, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California,” prepared for Coyote & Fox Enterprises, July 2002, p. 4. 86 Jensen, “Shasta Lake Water System Improvement,” 8; Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 66.
29 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
the legitimacy of indigenous people and deprivation of their lives, cultures, and livelihoods through everything from violent and deceitful to paternalistic and ignorant (if sometimes well- meaning) policies. In 1953, for example, the United States Congress passed the House Concurrent Resolution 108, which granted citizenship to Native Americans and called for the end to federally owned reservations, a policy known as “termination.” This ended a period of paternalistic policies and was welcomed by many tribes throughout the country, many members of which had fought for the United States during World War II and did not wish to be wards of the state. Five years later, despite the lack of clear boundaries, basic amenities, and substandard housing on Indian lands as well as the lack of funds among Indians to improve the lands, the State of California transferred ownership of forty-one Rancherias to 1,330 Indians. Seventeen adults of Pit River, Wintu, and Yana tribes split the thirty-one acres that comprised the Redding Rancheria; in the process, however, they were no longer recognized by the federal government as Indians and lost certain rights and protections.87
Land claims litigation continued throughout the 1950s. In 1963, the Indian Claims Commission and the federal government negotiated a monetary settlement of over $29 million for over 64 million acres recognized as rightfully owned by California Indians. While many Indians agreed to support the settlement, the Pit River Tribe vehemently opposed it, arguing that Indians should fight for ownership of the land rather than take the money. A year later, the settlement passed, and in 1969, the federal government began to distribute payments. 88
By 1969, the era of self-determination had begun. Inspired by civil rights activism, the Free Speech Movement, anti-war protests, feminism, and the Third World Liberation Front, Native Americans began to organize as a collective group, regardless of tribal affiliation, and vocalized their dissent against centuries of injustice. The federal government responded, acknowledging that alternating policies of termination and paternalism had done little for the benefit of indigenous people, that the federal government did share in the responsibility for the well-being of American Indians, and that Indians had the right to sovereignty over recognized land claims. The Shasta-Trinity-Rural Indian Health Project emerged from this new approach to federal-state- tribe relationships. Invigorated by this period of Indian activism and the quest for social justice, the Wintu tribes of Shasta County organized as the Wintu Nation. 89
On May 21, 1971, a dozen Wintu men and two women confronted the maintenance workers at Toyon and demanded keys to all the buildings. The maintenance workers complied with the request and the occupation of Toyon began. The Free Indians of All Tribes joined the Wintu Nation in support, and after balking at the possibility of diplomacy with the occupying group, BIA gained federal clearance to enter negotiations, offering the Indians a CAP permit to use the land if the Indians produced a program for the site and funds to maintain it within ninety days. BIA and the occupiers also established an agreement to transfer the land to the Indians within two years. By July, the Shasta County Community Action Project secured some federal funding for maintenance of Toyon from the federal Office of Economic Opportunity. Tensions grew over which group of Native Americans rightfully claimed control of Toyon and who should pay the utility bills, but in August 1972, the Wintu Center Board was granted control.90
87 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 63-64; Kenneth R. Philp, “Dylon S. Myer and the Advent of Termination, 1950-1953,” The Western Historical Quarterly, 19 (January 1988), 37-59. 88 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 64-65. 89 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 65-66; Brinkley, American History, 1075-1079. 90 John Hurst, “Indians Occupying Toyon,” Record Searchlight, May 21, 1971; “Peaceful Confrontation at Toyon Job Center, in ibid., May 26, 1971; “Indians Continue Toyon Occupation,” in ibid., n.d.; Greg Lyon, “Toyon to Become Indian Territory,” in ibid., n.d.; Lyon, “Negotiations Under Way in Occupation of
30 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
After the controversies surrounding ownership and control over Toyon subsided, the Toyon- Wintu Center was established and played a critical role in contributing to the study and preservation of the Native American Culture. It organized a variety of events dedicated to educating the public about and celebrating the traditions of Native Americans, and especially the Wintu. The Center also collaborated with universities, archaeologists, and museums to undertake studies of local tribes, to created Native American Studies courses at universities, and to curate exhibits about Native Americans.91
Toyon, however, did not have a fairytale ending. President Ronald Reagan‟s administration reversed the 1958 rancheria bill that had resulted in the distribution of the Redding Rancheria to 17 people and consequent loss of federal recognition. The newly instated Redding Rancheria regained federal recognition by following specific regulations, but reinstatement of this small group of Wintu, Pit River, and Yana descendants resulted in the loss of federal recognition of most Wintu Indians. Many of the latter were poor and living at Toyon – or young and occupying, depending on one‟s perspective. The buildings were rapidly deteriorating and vandalized. In part because of the deteriorating conditions and in part because the federal government no longer recognized the tribal status of Toyon‟s occupants, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) revoked the indefinite use permit that it had granted to Toyon-Wintu, Inc. and began eviction procedures.92
A new tête-à-tête ensued between the BIA and the Wintu at Toyon. While some Indians left quietly, others refused to stay and still others moved onto the land, despite a lack of running water, electricity, and garbage collection services. In 1986, the BIA agreed to hold the land in trust for seven years while the Wintu sought federal recognition, but by 1989, the BIA completed eviction procedures and initiated destruction of all structures but the administration building at Toyon. Unfortunately, that building and the historic community center succumbed to fire, widely believed to have been caused by arson by the people who had been living at or occupying the village. Only a metal shed remains. The Wintu initiated federal recognition procedures in 1990. Twenty years later, they are still embroiled in the long, expensive, cumbersome, and complicated process. In the meantime, the Wintu continue to celebrate their culture, educate the public, and fight for their tribal rights.93
Incorporation in 1990s Barbara Cross appealed to her fellow boomtown residents in Central Valley, Pine Grove, Summit City, Project City, and Toyon (though unpopulated) to vote for incorporation in 1993. She wrote,
We have a history of positive attitudes resulting in positive actions. The opportunity is here on June 8th to bring together the four communities… into one community that has more in common than differences. Under the present system, we are limited in what can be achieved in the Shasta Dam area. Incorporating into a new city will allow us to move forward in planned, orderly growth of our area. Given that opportunity, the citizens of the
Toyon,” in ibid., May 26, 1971; “Indians Get Federal Funds for Toyon,” in ibid., July 13, 1971; Hurst, “Indians Warned that Toyon May be Returned to U.S.,” in ibid., [1972]; Alan Kerry, “Supervisors Hear Toyon Problems,” in ibid., [1972]; Hurst, “Toyon Faces New Crisis; Who Pays Utility Bill?” in ibid., [1972]; Hurst, “Wintu Board Gets Control of Toyon,” in ibid., August 9, 1972. 91 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 66. 92 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 69. 93 Hoveman, Journey to Justice, 69-73.
31 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Shasta Dam area, as well as the citizens of the entire county will benefit by the success of the newest city in Shasta County.94
The area had come a long way from its remote, haphazard roots. On July 2, 1993, the City of Shasta Lake incorporated and combined five “boomtowns” of Central Valley, Project City, Summit City, Toyon, and Pine Grove. One city, the old boomtowns proudly retain their distinctive character.
94 Cross, “Shasta Dam Area History,” 3.
32 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
OVERVIEW OF PROPERTY TYPES This section provides an overview of the major property types in the City of Shasta Lake and discusses eligibility criteria and integrity considerations for each type. It is not meant to provide an exhaustive list of resources, but rather a guide to be used when assessing the significance of a specific building or site during future survey work.
ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES The following is a list of typical prehistoric archeological sites based on a records search (I. C. File # D10-10) conducted by the Northeast Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) at California State University, Chico, on February 17, 2010. It also includes typical archeological sites drawn from previous survey reports on file at the Northeast Center and provided by the City of Shasta Lake and remnants of former homesteads documented by Carey & Co.
Lithics Lithic scatters. Includes both surface and subsurface lithic scatters; Flakes, cores, occasional point fragments; Isolates; Larger lithic and midden scatters, including possible house pits. See site CA-SHA-1822 in the northeast area of the city.
Midden and Occupation Sites Occupation sites. See site CA-SHA-1823 in the northeast area of the city. Star Thistle Midden site. Human remains were removed during testing at site CA-SHA- 2134. Midden sites with possible house pit depressions. See site CA-SHA-2580. Windsor Estates at sites CA-SHA-2134 and CA-SHA-2580 were determined eligible for listing in the NRHP. The sites are preserved intact.
Other Sites Possible ceremonial center with possible burials at site CA-SHA-482. Village encampments with surface scatters of lithic artifacts and debitage with midden deposits. These are usually near perennial water sources such as Churn Creek. Short-term occupation/specialized use sites with surface scatters of lithics without midden or subsurface component. These are usually located along a ridge system. Bedrock milling stations with areas of exposed bedrock, usually along stream channels. Petroglyphs – bedrock outcrops. Isolates.
33 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Carey & Co. surveyed the following structural remnants from former homesteads:
Left: Well from the former Mahan Ranch, 2010. Right: View of the Mahan‟s cellar, 2010.
John Mahan arrived in Churntown, an early mining community in what would become the City of Shasta Lake, in 1851 and married Margaret Wallace Mahan in 1861. The well and stacked-rock cellar are remnants from the Mahan Ranch located about 200 feet south-southwest of Flanagan Road. The Bureau of Land Management surveyed this site in 1996 (Site CA-SHA-29100-H).95
95 Greg Watkins, Mayor of the City of Shasta Lake, personal communication with Erica Schultz and Allison Vanderslice, Carey & Co., February 4, 2010; “Flanagan Road Site, CA-SHA-2910-H,” Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Record (523A) forms, May 23, 1996, on file at the Northeast Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) at California State University, Chico.
34 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: View of the Shasta Dam conveyor belt, ca. 1940. Courtesy of the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. Right: Foundation of the conveyor belt near Churntown, 2010.
PCI used the 9.5-mile-long Shasta Dam conveyor belt to transport gravel aggregate from the Sacramento River to the dam site, where it was used to make concrete. Mayor Greg Watkins estimates that about 1.25 miles of the beltline ran along the western edge of the City of Shasta Lake‟s boundary.96 All that remains are the access road and the foundations of the concrete footings and bases of the steel supports. Sections of the beltline right-of-way have been surveyed by the Bureau of Reclamation over the past decade and are on file at the Northeast CHRIS center in Chico (see Site Primary # 45-002906-H). Portions of the access road still serve the Yellow Pine Road and North Beltline Road.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds Although archeological sites can be eligible under all four criteria, they are typically listed in the NRHP or the CRHR under Criterion D/4 if they have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. The property must have characteristics suggesting the likelihood that it possesses configurations of artifacts, soil strata, structural remains, or other natural or cultural features that make it possible to do the following:
Test a hypothesis or hypotheses about events, groups, or processes in the past that bear on important research questions in the social or natural sciences or the humanities; or
Corroborate or amplify currently available information suggesting that a hypothesis is either true or false; or
Reconstruct the sequence of archeological cultures for the purpose of identifying and explaining continuities and discontinuities in the archeological record for a particular area.
“Archeological sites eligible under Criteria A and B must be in overall good condition with excellent preservation of features, artifacts, and spatial relationships to the extent that these
96 Greg Watkins, Mayor of the City of Shasta Lake, personal communication with Erica Schultz and Allison Vanderslice, Carey & Co., March 2, 2010.
35 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
remains are able to convey important associations with events or persons. Archeological sites eligible under Criterion C must be in overall good condition with excellent preservation of features, artifacts, and spatial relationships to the extent that these remains are able to illustrate a site type, time period, method of construction, or work of a master.”
“For properties eligible under Criterion D, including archeological sites and standing structures studied for their information potential, less attention is given to their overall condition than if they were being considered under Criteria A, B, or C. Archeological sites, in particular, do not exist today exactly as they were formed. There are always cultural and natural processes that alter the deposited materials and their spatial relationships.”
“For properties eligible under Criterion D, integrity is based upon the property's potential to yield specific data that addresses important research questions, such as those identified in the historic context documentation in the Statewide Comprehensive Preservation Plan or in the research design for projects meeting the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Archeological Documentation.” 97
The National Register Bulletins How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Archeological Properties contain further information on evaluating and documenting archeological sites.98
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS The City of Shasta Lake contains a variety of residential types, from mobile home parks to small cottages erected by dam workers in the late 1930s to 1940s, to post-World War II, Ranch-style homes. The following section delineates these residential building types.
Mobile Homes Among the cheapest and simplest housing typology, mobile homes are typically narrow structures with a single line of rooms forming a rectangular plan and have flat or low-pitched gable roofs. They are situated with either their long side toward the road or on narrow lots with their short side facing the street, similar to shotgun-style homes or flats. These structures are also typically factory built with appliances and furnishings included and typically remain in place once they are situated.99 Mobile homes are located throughout the City of Shasta Lake, intermingled either with older detached, single-family homes or in planned developments, such as the Shasta Lake Mobile Home Park depicted below. Mobile homes surveyed by Carey & Co. were likely constructed after World War II.
97 U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin 15 (Washington, DC, 1997), 20-24 and 48-49. 98 National Park Service, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, 20-24 and 48-49; U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Archeological Properties (Washington, DC, 2000). 99 Virginia and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York, 1986), 497.
36 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left and Right: View of residences at the Shasta Lake Mobile Home Park, which is located on Red Bud Lane north of Summit City, 2010. The park dates to the mid-1950s.
Left: Mobile home at 5489 Alpine Street in Pine Grove, 2010. Right: Photograph of a dam worker‟s trailer, 1940. Courtesy of Library of Congress.
Several of Shasta Lakes‟ mobile homes have a canopy constructed over the top that extends on some elevations to form a covered porch, such as the structure at 5489 Alpine Street, or additions to enlarge the home. These alterations are similar to the early wood-frame canopies erected by dam workers and their families to transform their trailers into homes, as seen in the photograph by Lee Russell in 1940 on the right.
Dam-era Cottages Despite being erected as temporary structures in the late 1930s and early 1940s, many early cottages that housed dam workers and their families still stand in the City of Shasta Lake. They are typically small, wood-frame, one-story buildings with rectangular plans, very little to no exterior ornamentation, and gabled roofs with wide eave overhangs. Likely clad originally in wood boards, they have often been sided in stucco.
37 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: Temporary accommodations for workers at Shasta Dam in Project City, 1940. Courtesy of Library of Congress. Right: Aerial map showing a significant concentration of early cottages located between Twin View Boulevard, Akrich Street, and Virginia Avenue in Pine Grove, 2010. These cottages are depicted below. Aerial image courtesy of www.bing.com/maps (accessed April 15, 2010).
They also typically feature a small, gabled overhang above the main entrance forming a porch or, in some cases, a full-width porch with wood supports. Original windows would have been wood- sash, double-hung with either one or multiple lites in each sash. Slightly larger homes may contain an exterior brick or stone chimney.
These dam-worker cottages are typically situated on individual lots intermingled with buildings of newer construction. If found on an individual lot, they often stand adjacent to a larger home constructed at a later date or have had substantial additions constructed over time. These cottages can also be found grouped together in courts, which were erected to temporarily house dam workers.
38 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left and Right: Row of early cottages at 2711-2719 Twin View Boulevard, 2010.
Left and Right: Examples of cottages facing Virginia Avenue, 2010.
39 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
A row of attached cottages in Summit City, 2010.
Although the row of cottages, shown above, is in poor condition, it nonetheless retains a good level of integrity, including its form, roofing configuration, portions of wood board cladding, and some wood-sash, one-over-one, double-hung windows.
View east toward 13737 Shasta Street in Summit City, 2010.
This single-family residence at 13737 Shasta Street is an example of a smaller cottage with a good level of integrity. Although the wood board cladding has been replaced with asbestos shingles, the house retains its original wood-sash, six-over-six, double-hung windows; its cross- gable roof with a wide eave overhang; and its massing and plan. Unlike many other cottages of this vintage, it does not appear to have a substantial addition.
40 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left and Right: View north toward 3825 La Mesa Avenue in Central Valley, 2010.
The house at 3825 La Mesa Avenue retains a high level of integrity, including its cladding, windows, and exterior brick chimney. A substantial gabled addition has been added to the rear, demonstrating how small cottages built in the 1930s and 1940s have been expanded over time.
Another cottage at 2911 Oak Street in Project City, 2010, which shows a later addition to the right of the main house.
Left: View west toward 13694 Beacon Street in Summit City, 2010. Right: This structure may have been the first building erected on the lot.
41 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
The southern structure at 13694 Beacon Street may have been an early cottage with the slightly large residential building constructed at a later date to its north. It demonstrates how newer buildings were constructed on the same lot as the early dam-worker cottages.
Toyon Duplexes
Left: 13663 Lake Boulevard in Summit City, 2010. Right: 13748 Hill Boulevard in Summit City, 2010.
Aerial photograph of Toyon, ca. 1940. The red arrow points to the rows of duplexes. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Several duplexes from Toyon, the model government community that housed Bureau of Reclamation employees, were moved to Hill Boulevard in Summit City when the population dwindled after Shasta Dam was completed. A 2008 report prepared by the Shasta Lake Redevelopment Agency states that the buildings merely replicate the design of duplexes at Toyon; however, Mayor Greg Watkins, who lived in Toyon with his family, stated that these are the original Toyon buildings that were relocated to Hill Boulevard, and as a boy watched them being moved from Toyon to Summit City.100
100 Greg Watkins, Mayor of the City of Shasta Lake, personal communication with Erica Schultz and Allison Vanderslice, Carey & Co., March 2, 2010; Shasta Lake Redevelopment Agency, Shasta Dam Area RP Fourth Amendment DEIR, Chapter 6.3 Cultural and Historic Resources (February 2008), 13-15.
42 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
These small, one-story, wood-frame structures are rectangular in plan and consist of two units joined by a central, covered passageway or carport. Asphalt shingles clad the side-gable roofs, which feature wide eave overhangs and exposed rafter tails. Based on the extant duplexes at 13663-13665 and 13675-13677 Hill Boulevard, they were originally clad in wood horizontal boards and had wood-sash, four-lite casement windows and no exterior ornamentation. Several of these duplexes have replacement cladding and windows or have had the central passageway filled in, such as 13748 Hill Boulevard. Despite these alterations, the buildings maintain a sufficient level of integrity to convey their significance as smaller government-constructed housing at Toyon.
Toyon Site
Left: View of the remaining shed at Toyon, 2010. Right: View of the overgrown sidewalk at Toyon, 2010.
Apart from the duplexes that were moved to Summit City, only a metal shed remains at Toyon, which was razed in the 1980s. This shed stands on a concrete foundation and features a rectangular plan, corrugated metal cladding, and a corrugated metal-clad, side-gable roof with a wide eave overhang. It contains steel-sash, multi-lite industrial windows and metal doors. An overgrown sidewalk still runs along Shasta Dam Boulevard in front of Toyon, and the site appears to contain concrete steps and foundations of a loading dock.
Bungalows Many bungalows are also located in Shasta Lake. Although they were constructed during the late 1930s and 1940s to house dam workers, they represent a different typology than the cottages shown in the previous sections.
This typology derived from the high-style Arts and Crafts bungalows designed by master architects such as brothers Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene in the late- nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The homes typically featured horizontal profiles, the use of natural or local materials, and expansive porches to connect the building‟s open interior with the outdoors. As the population of cities grew, the bungalow style spread via popular magazines and pattern books as an inexpensive design solution for housing needs.101
Small in size, featuring little or no exterior ornamentation, and generally simple in plan, bungalows were relatively cheap to build and often marketed as starter homes for young families. The homes were viewed as informal and efficient, or the antithesis of the Victorian homes
101 Clifford Edward Clark Jr., The American Family Home: 1800-1960 (Chapel Hill, 1986), 171,186.
43 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
constructed predominantly in the 1880s and 1890s. Its one-story layout and less formal rooms appealed to a simpler lifestyle and servantless household. Popular choices of cladding included wood shingles, wood clapboard, or stucco, the latter a particularly functional and inexpensive cladding. Bungalows also typically have front porches and low-pitched roofs with wide eave overhangs to broaden the roofline and shade the windows.102
Example of a bungalow at 2895 Virginia Avenue in Pine Grove, 2010.
The bungalow at 2895 Virginia Avenue exemplifies this building type, including its low-pitched, gabled roof; wide eave overhang with exposed rafter tails; large picture windows; and prominent, gabled front porch with tapered supports. Although the cladding appears to have been replaced, it nonetheless retains a good level of integrity. A detached garage stands southeast of the house, a typical feature of pre-World War II homes.
Single-family house at 2725 Pancake Hill Drive in Central Valley, 2010.
102 Ibid, 171-181.
44 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
The bungalow at 2725 Pancake Hill Drive has stucco cladding, a low-pitched, front gable roof, and prominent front porch. It also retains some original wood-sash, double-hung, six-over-six windows. More importantly, it features a distinctive stone, exterior chimney. The use of stone, particularly along the foundation and in chimneys, is a character-defining feature of many small homes in Shasta Lake. 4525 Chico Street in Central Valley is an example of a residence with a stone foundation.
Ranch Houses Ranch style homes were constructed in great numbers in California after World War II. The state‟s military facilities had introduced Americans from around the country to the mild climate, open land, and beautiful geography. After the war, GIs returned to California and settled with their families in affordable new homes. Low-density housing appealed to many prospective homeowners, and the age of the automobile made commuting fast and easy.
Since the Depression, the Federal Housing Authority had also encouraged developers to build on a large scale and to streamline the construction process by building simple houses with standardized plans. With influential developer David Bohannon‟s perfection of the California System of home building – using pre-cut wood and an assembly line process to build large-scale developments of similarly styled and planned, modest single-family homes – huge housing tracts of Ranch houses could be built within a short period of time. The federal government offered reasonable loans to GIs, further fueling this postwar building boom.
Top left: Sign marking the entrance to Ranchera Pines, 2010. Top right: 18273 Ranchera Road, 2010. Bottom left: 18091 Ranchera Road, 2010. Bottom right: View of the heavily wooded Ranchera Road, 2010.
Postwar Ranch housing, with open plans, single-story massing, smaller front windows and larger, more prominent garages and carports, placed greater emphasis on togetherness within the home
45 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
and privacy from the street. These homes are typically one-story structures with a long, low horizontal form and an L-shaped, U-shaped, or rectangular plan. They also have low-pitched roofs and wide overhanging eaves. Conveying an informal, outdoor lifestyle, the homes often have large sliding glass doors leading to patios, or “outdoor rooms.”103
Ranch houses were constructed in Shasta Lake beginning in the 1950s and 1960s. They are located either interspersed among houses of different decades or in planned developments, such as the early 1960s Ranchera Pines, located off Hill Boulevard just south of Summit City. The sign on the upper left photograph above marks the entrance to the community on Ranchera Road, a heavily wooded street, with no sidewalk, that loops through the development. Large, detached single-family houses situated on large parcels averaging one acre each comprise the neighborhood. Each house was individually constructed. The buildings are either one-story or two-stories in height and have attached garages, such as the house at 18273 Ranchera Road. The homes appear to retain a good to high level of integrity and may constitute a historic district once the development reaches 50 years of age.
View of a Split Level, Ranch house at 2925 Smith Avenue in Project City, 2010.
Although most homes in Shasta Lake are one-story in height, examples of Split Level homes, such as the house at 2925 Smith Avenue, and two-story homes exist as well.
103 McAlester, Field Guide to American Houses, 477; U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin: Historic Residential Suburbs, Guidelines for the Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places (Washington, DC, 2002), 65-69; Andrew Hope, “Evaluating the Significance of San Lorenzo Village, A Mid-20th Century Suburban Community,” CRM: Journal of Heritage Stewardship (Summer 2005): 50-61.
46 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left and Right: Views of 2860 Leona Avenue in Pine Grove, 2010.
The house above at 2860 Leona Avenue in Pine Grove is a distinctive example of a Ranch style house with a high level of design, including a band of clerestory windows along the roofline. It also features a very low, horizontal profile with a low-pitched, gabled roof, vertical and horizontal board cladding, and an attached two-car garage.
Quonset Huts Quonset huts were first designed and constructed during World War II as economic, portable structures that could be easily shipped and assembled abroad to shelter troops. In 1941 the United States Navy contracted George A. Fuller‟s construction company to design and construct a prefabricated hut structure at a military base at Quonset Point near Davisville, Rhode Island. Fuller‟s design team, including Otto Brandenberger as its only licensed architect, based its design on the semi-circular, corrugated metal-clad Nissen hut developed by Lt. Col. Peter Norman Nissen for the British army during World War I. The Quonset hut became a particularly iconic structure in the American landscape during and following World War II.104
View of a Quonset hut at the northeast corner of Oregon Avenue and Fort Peck Street in Central Valley, 2010.
Only a handful of Quonset huts are located in the city, such as the one pictured above at Oregon Avenue and Fort Peck Street. This building has a distinctive gabled façade with a full-width porch added to lend the building‟s sense of domesticity.
104 Julie Decker, and Chris Chiei, Quonset Hut: Metal Living for a Modern Age (New York, 2005), 1-13.
47 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Residential Landscaping
Left: 2913 Smith Avenue in Project City. Right: 5489 Alpine Street in Pine Grove, 2010.
During the windshield surveys, Carey & Co. noted that several properties in Shasta Lake contain tall trees, such as Cypress trees, to mark the boundary or entrance. Digger pines and gray pines are also common. Further research and survey work should be conducted to determine if this trend could be considered another character-defining feature of residential properties in the city.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds The early dam-era cottages and Toyon duplexes may be eligible for the NRHP or CRHR under Criterion A/1 for their association with the development of the boomtowns, whose distinct identities have endured today despite being incorporated into the same city. Later postwar residences may be eligible under this criterion if it can be demonstrated that they convey an important phase of development in the city or another important event. Residential buildings may also be eligible under Criterion B/2 if additional research proves they are associated with a person of significance, such as the home of an important merchant or civic leader in Shasta Lake. Finally, they may be eligible under Criterion C/3 as important examples of vernacular architecture, or buildings that reflect local building traditions and materials rather than high-style or architect-designed structures. They are not likely to be eligible under this criterion as the work of a master architect, as these homes were erected by the dam workers themselves or by local developers or builders. The postwar Ranch houses may be an example of structures erected by the latter group.
Many of the late 1930s and 1940s residential structures have been determined to be ineligible for the NRHP and the CRHR for a lack of significance and a lack of integrity. Carey & Co. recommends that these buildings be reevaluated in light of the information presented in the historic context statement. We also recommend that future surveys take a more sensitive approach to their evaluation of dam-era residences because they distinctly capture the boomtown-era of Shasta Lake.
A lower threshold of integrity, especially of design, workmanship, and materials, should be applied to these early residences. Many were constructed to be temporary structures, and many have had their cladding and windows replaced and have been subject to additions as families grew and settled into the boomtowns. A small cottage that has had its windows replaced and has a prominent addition may not be automatically ineligible for the NRHP/CRHR due to a lack of integrity. In fact, the trend of expanding these homes can be viewed as a significant vernacular feature that lends significance to the buildings. Likewise, a cottage that retains it cladding, windows, and form may be eligible even if it is in poor condition. A higher threshold of integrity
48 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
should be applied to postwar structures, since they are more recent and have not been altered quite as much as dam-worker cottages and duplexes.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
Small-scale commercial Similar to dam-era cottages and duplexes, commercial buildings erected in the late 1930s and 1940s tend to be small-scale, one-story structures. They predominantly line Shasta Dam Boulevard and portions of Front Street and correspond to their respective communities of Summit City, Central Valley, or Project City, which maintained separate commercial districts.
These buildings are rectangular in plan and typically have high-pitched, front-gable roofs masked by tall, shaped or stepped parapets at the façades. The façade contains the main entrance, storefront windows, and often a full-width awning. Some commercial buildings, such as the Big Dipper and Snavely‟s Garage, have asphalt-shingle clad hipped roofs.
View of businesses along Shasta Dam Boulevard in Central Valley, ca. 1940. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. The red arrows point to two buildings, which may still stand along Shasta Dam Boulevard. The top-left photograph below shows these structures. The Big Dipper (above right), still stands.
Early one-story, False Front commercial buildings along Shasta Dam Boulevard in Central Valley, 2010. The red arrow points to two buildings that are depicted in the above ca. 1940 historic photograph of Shasta Dam Boulevard.
49 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: Another example of dam-era commercial architecture that still stands on Shasta Dam Boulevard. Right: The Big Dipper at 4197 Shasta Dam Boulevard dates to 1937.
The Ace Hardware at 4236 Shasta Dam Boulevard was originally a movie theater (see photo on the left). After a snowstorm caused the roof to collapse, the building reopened as Mike‟s Market (center). Historic photos courtesy of the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Left: Dama Grande Inn under construction, c. 1938, stood across from the Anchor Hotel, at 2145 Grand Coulee Boulevard. The junction was known as a “gateway to Shasta Dam.” It has been altered over time and now houses Walker‟s Custom Chrome. Historic photo courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Shasta Lake does not contain many two-story commercial buildings, such as the chapel at 4302 Shasta Dam Boulevard. This rectangular-in-plan building has a False Front, gabled roof; stucco cladding; and wood-sash and vinyl-sash windows. According to LSA Associates, the building was constructed in 1941 by Caleb and Celia Koljonen, and it housed the Central Valley‟s Justice
50 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Court through the 1980s, the constable‟s office, and the public library at the second story before becoming a church.105
4302 Shasta Dam Boulevard
Most of Shasta Lake‟s commercial buildings appear to be the small structures constructed during the boomtown, dam-era. The large Sentry grocery store, however, stands as an excellent example of Modern commercial architecture with a high level of integrity, including its stone veneer cladding and distinctive, angled, full-width awning across the façade. Its orientation away from the street and towards a large parking lot also deviates from earlier commercial structures.
Sentry grocery store at 4525 Shasta Dam Boulevard in Central Valley.
105 Judith Mavin, LSA Associates, Inc., “Calvary Chapel and Associated Residence, 4302 Shasta Dam Boulevard, Shasta Lake, California, DPR 523 A and B forms,” May 15, 2002. On file at the Northeast Center of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) at California State University, Chico (Primary Record #45-003347).
51 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: Photograph of the Giant Orange, ca. 1946. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. Right: Giant Orange currently at Joe‟s Giant Orange Café at 3104 Cascade Boulevard, 2010.
A noted landmark in Shasta Lake, the structure known as the “Giant Orange” stands as an example of vernacular roadside architecture in the City. It dates to the mid-1940s and sold cold orange juice, which longtime resident Ruth Huey remembers as a refreshing treat on a hot, summer day, especially when cars lacked air conditioning.106 Although it has been relocated and attached to a modern building, it retains its distinctive form.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds The early dam-era commercial buildings may be eligible for the NRHP or CRHR under Criterion A/1 for their association with the development of the boomtowns, whose distinct identities have endured today despite being incorporated into the same city. Later, postwar buildings may be eligible under this criterion if it can be demonstrated that they convey an important phase of development in the city or another important event. Commercial buildings may also be eligible under Criterion B/2 if additional research proves they are associated with a person of significance, such as the business of an important merchant or civic leader in the city. Lastly, they may be eligible under Criterion C/3 as important examples of vernacular architecture, or buildings that reflect local building traditions and materials rather than high-style, or architect- designed structures. They are not likely to be eligible under this criterion as the work of a master architect, as these buildings were likely erected by the dam workers or by local developers or builders.
Many of the late 1930s and 1940s commercial structures have been determined to be ineligible for the NRHP and the CRHR for a lack of significance and a lack of integrity. Carey & Co. recommends that these buildings be reevaluated in light of the information presented in the historic context statement. We also recommend that future surveys take a more sensitive approach to their evaluation, because these buildings distinctly capture the boomtown-era of Shasta Lake.
A lower threshold of integrity, especially of design, workmanship, and materials, should be applied to these early commercial buildings. Many were constructed without foundations, an indication that they were intended to be temporary structures, and many have had their cladding, storefronts, and windows replaced. A small building that has had its windows replaced may not be automatically ineligible for the NRHP/CRHR due to a lack of integrity, especially if it retains its plan, massing, and roofing configuration, such as its stepped or shaped parapet. Likewise, a
106 Ruth Huey, personal communication with Erica Schultz, Carey & Co., March 2, 2010.
52 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
building that retains its cladding, windows, and form may be eligible even if it is in poor condition. A higher threshold of integrity should be applied to postwar structures, such as the Sentry grocery store, since they are more recent, were more likely designed as permanent buildings, and have not been altered quite as much as dam-worker buildings.
INDUSTRIAL Carey & Co. identified only one pre-1970 industrial site consisting of a lumber yard at 3735 El Cajon Avenue. It was established around 1938 by the Rocky Manufacturing Co. of Nevada. In later years, it was known as Heron Mills until it was purchased by Sierra Pacific Industries in the 1960s or 1970s. An intensive survey should be conducted to determine if any buildings remain from its initial construction. It is one of only a few large log mills in northern California.
Left and right: Views of the Sierra Pacific lumber mill at 3735 El Cajon Avenue, 2010.
Aerial photograph of the lumber mill when it was known as Heron Mill, ca. 1950. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds The lumber mill may be eligible for the NRHP or CRHR under Criterion A/1 for its association with the development of the boomtowns, whose distinct identities have endured today despite being incorporated into the same city, or for its role in employing former dam workers after the dam was completed. It may also be eligible under Criterion B/2 if additional research proves it was associated with a person of significance in the history of Shasta Lake. Lastly, it may be eligible under Criterion C/3 if it can be demonstrated that the buildings and structures are
53 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
important examples of industrial architecture. Again, an intensive survey will need to be conducted to assess its integrity and to determine when the extant structures were constructed.
CIVIC/INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
Schools Shasta Lake contains several schools, including Central Valley High School at 4066 La Mesa Avenue in Central Valley, Grand Oaks Elementary School (formerly called Project City School) at 5309 Grand Avenue in Project City, Shasta Lake School at 4620 Vallecito Street in Central Valley, and Toyon School (now called the Mountain Lakes High School and Toyon Learning Center) at 17752 Shasta Dam Boulevard near Summit City. (The Central Valley Elementary School, constructed in 1955, was recently demolished and purchased by the city to make way for Shasta Lake‟s civic center.)
Nearly all of Shasta Lake‟s schools date to the 1950s, with the exception of Toyon School, which was constructed in 1937 but largely rebuilt in 1949 and 1955. Designed in a Modern style, these schools are typically one-story in height with low, horizontal profiles and are clad in stucco. Several of them, including Central Valley High School and Grand Oaks Elementary School, appear to be “Finger Plan” schools, which became a national model of the progressive teaching method in the 1940s.
The Progressive Education movement, an influential educational reform movement with roots dating to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, spurred the evolution in school architecture. The movement emphasized a holistic approach to education, including individually tailored curricula, informal classroom settings, and group activities and discussions to disseminate information. It commissioned Perkins, Wheeler, and Will to design the Crow Island Elementary School, completed in 1940 in Winnetka, Illinois. The school featured large expanses of glass that provide access to ample sunlight and air, small courtyards and pathways that create a sense of spaciousness, and fixtures and furniture scaled to the height of children. It also featured lower ceiling heights and primary colors that followed the program‟s philosophy that the school building should be tailored to the children.107
“Finger plan” schools became ubiquitous throughout California in the 1940s and incorporated theories about flexible school design. They commonly feature low, one-story buildings spreading across the ground, the division of buildings into wings with individual classroom units, and large expanses of windows. Lockers are often located on the exterior walls beneath covered walkways connecting the buildings. These schools also incorporated elements of the International Style with flat roofs and minimal exterior detailing. The school buildings were regarded as safer and healthier for children, since they provided immediate access to the outdoors and to light and ventilation.108 Additionally, finger plan schools were viewed as quick and economical to build, and their plans could be easily adapted over time through the addition of new buildings or by linking or separating existing buildings.109
107 Roger Shepherd, “Crow Island School,” http://www.rogershepherd.com/WIW/solution5/crow2.html (accessed January 26, 2008). 108 John E. Burchard and Albert Brush-Brown, The Architecture of America: A Social and cultural History (Boston, 1966), 478-9. 109 Mitchell Schwarzer, San Francisco: Architecture of the San Francisco Bay Area (San Francisco, 2007), 35.
54 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Top: View of Central Valley High School at 4066 La Mesa Avenue in Central Valley, 2010. Dating to 1955, the high school consists of a series of long, parallel buildings connected by walkways. Bottom: Grand Oaks School (former Project City School) Photographs by Debbie Israel, November 29, 2010.
55 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: View of Toyon School (now called the Mountain Lakes High School and Toyon Learning Center) at 17752 Shasta Dam Boulevard, 1949. Right: Current view of the school, 2010. Note the prominent band of clerestory windows across the façade. Photograph by Debbie Israel, November 29, 2010.
Churches As seen in the examples below, Shasta Lake‟s churches, which are believed to have been established in the 1940s, tend to be small structures with stucco cladding.
Left: View of the Shasta Dam Community Church, which is now called the United Methodist Church, at 1509 Hardenbrook Avenue, ca. 1940. Courtesy of the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. Right: Contemporary view of the church, 2010. Note the use of tall, narrow, trees to mark the entrance to the church.
56 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
View west toward the Assembly of God Church at 1712 Locust Avenue, 2010.
Post Offices and Fire Stations The original post office on Lake Boulevard is a small, one-story structure with a rectangular plan, horizontal wood board cladding, and a steeply pitched, side-gable roof. It appears to retain a high level of integrity, including the wood-sash, multi-lite windows flanking the main entrance on the façade. The prominent gabled porch on the façade is non-original to the building.
Left: Photograph of the original post office at 13860 Lake Boulevard in Summit City, no date. Courtesy of Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society. Right: Current view of the post office, which has been converted to a residence, 2010.
57 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
Left: Post office at 13701 Hill Boulevard in Summit City, 2010. Right: Modern Style fire station at 5220 Akrich Street in Pine Grove, 2010.
The above post office and fire station date to the 1950s and were designed in the Modern style with a flat roof, Roman brick veneer, and aluminum-sash windows and doors. The fire station‟s low-pitched, gable roof and wide eave overhang also evokes Ranch style houses constructed around the same time.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds The early dam-era civic/institutional buildings may be eligible for the NRHP or CRHR under Criterion A/1 for their association with the development of the boomtowns, whose distinct identities have endured today despite being incorporated into the same city. Later, postwar buildings may be eligible under this criterion if it can be demonstrated that they convey an important phase of development in the city or another important event. These buildings may also be eligible under Criterion B/2 if additional research proves they are associated with a person of significance, such as the business of an important merchant or civic leader in Shasta Lake. Lastly, they may be eligible under Criterion C/3 as important examples of vernacular architecture, or buildings that reflect local building traditions and materials rather than high-style, or architect- designed structures. They are not likely to be eligible under this criterion as the work of a master architect, as these buildings were likely erected by the dam workers or by local developers or builders. Although they are small, modest structures, the Modern-style post office and fire station may be eligible as examples of this design movement within a local context. They reflect the domestication of public architecture and convey elements of the International Style. Additional research would need to be conducted to assess their significance, however.
In addition to being significant under one of the four NRHP/CRHR criteria, Shasta Lake‟s churches must meet the threshold of Criteria Consideration A for religious properties. A church will only be eligible if it “derives its primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance.”110
A lower threshold of integrity, especially of design, workmanship, and materials, should be applied to these early civic/institutional buildings, especially the early post office at 13860 Lake Boulevard. Many were constructed to be temporary structures, as suggested by their absence of foundations, and many have had their cladding, storefronts, and windows replaced. A small building that has had its windows replaced may not be automatically ineligible for the NRHP/CRHR due to a lack of integrity, especially if it retains its plan, massing, and roofing configuration. Likewise, a building that retains it cladding, windows, and form may be eligible even if it is in poor condition. A higher threshold of integrity should be applied to postwar structures, such as the Modern schools, post offices, and fire stations, since they are more recent and have not been altered quite as much as dam-worker buildings.
CEMETERIES As defined by the National Park Service, a cemetery is a “collection of graves that is marked by stones or other artifacts or that is unmarked but recognizable by features such as fencing or depressions, or through maps, or by means of testing. Cemeteries serve as a primary means of an
110 National Park Service, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, 26-27.
58 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
individual‟s recognition of family history and as expressions of collective religious and/or ethnic identity.”111 The City of Shasta Lake contains several cemeteries, which are described below.
View of the Black Canyon Cemetery, 2010.
The vernacular Black Canyon Cemetery is located at the western end of Boca Street off of Black Canyon Road. It contains burial sites that were relocated from the many communities and Wintu burial grounds that were flooded with the creation of Shasta Lake. The cemetery is segregate, with Indians occupying the northern part, and it predominantly contains burial plots organized by family surname, which is indicated on a short sign displaying the name. The graves typically consist of raised mounds outlined by stones or concrete markers or by low metal or wood fences and are arranged in a non-linear fashion. Many are adorned with vibrant plastic flowers, angels, and American flags, among other objects. Wintu burial grounds, however, blend discretely into the landscape and generally do not have individual markers.
Left: View of the Churntown Cemetery at the end of Nellie Bell Lane, 2010. Right: Typical grave marker at the cemetery, 2010.
111 Elisabeth Walton Potter and Beth M. Boland, National Register Bulletin No. 41, Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places (Washington, DC, 1992), 34.
59 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
The Nellie Bell Lane – or Churntown – cemetery is enclosed by a barbed wire fence with slender metal posts and contains metal grave markers with the name and dates stamped in tin. The cemetery dates to the 1880s, although most of the graves are from the 1920s to the 1930s.
Left: Entrance marker to Newtown Cemetery. Right: Early headstone found in Newtown Cemetery. Photographs by Debbie Israel, November 29, 2010.
Shasta Lake also contains the Newtown Cemetery, which is located south of Pine Grove Avenue between Ashby and Newtown Road just west of the Union Pacific Railroad Tracks. Newtown Cemetery serves as the resting place for many pioneer settlers.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds In order for a cemetery to be eligible for listing in the NRHP, it must be significant under one of the four criteria as well as under Criteria Consideration D. This criteria consideration states, “a cemetery is eligible if it derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events.”112
Therefore a cemetery could be associated with persons who had a great impact on the history of the community or who achieved transcendent importance in their fields, could be associated with the very early history of a place, expresses the aesthetic principals of a particular period of funerary design, or it is associated with a specific historic event or general events that illustrate broad patterns. It must retain sufficient integrity to its period of significance, which might include retaining its pathways, plan, landscaping, and headstones.
National Register Bulletin No. 41, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places,” provides in-depth information on the history of American cemeteries as well as how to record and evaluate them.113
MINING PROPERTIES According to the National Park Service, mining-related properties can “encompass a range of types of historical and cultural properties. They vary from iron works, to precious metal mills, to dredges and their associated outbuildings.…Although the various metals require different technologies to extract economically valuable metal from ore, there are many similarities in extraction, beneficiation (the initial process of upgrading ore), and refining.” They can also
112 Potter and Boland, “Cemeteries and Burial Places,” 34. 113 Ibid, 34.
60 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
consist of small elements of mining activity, including ditches, shaft openings, road, and prospect pits.
“The transient nature of mining activity has left a legacy of historic properties that pose challenges to our traditional rules for evaluating significance and integrity. Many mining structures were built for temporary use and quickly abandoned once the minerals had been exhausted. The resources have subsequently experienced decades of neglect, aggravated by vandalism and severe weather. In other cases, mining activities were short-lived….The significance of such properties will have to be based on their archeological potential and not on their present lack of standing structures.”
“In many cases, the industrial features associated with mining receive scant attention because they lack any remaining buildings, structures, or objects. The transient nature of mining properties and the frequency with which mines have been abandoned means that many mining resources occur either as simple earthen protuberances or as subsurface voids.” 114
In Shasta Lake, Carey & Co. primarily encountered old mining ditches, such as the one seen below. These ditches crisscross the town as remnants from the area‟s early mining communities such as Churntown, Copper and Silver City, and Kennett.
View of a mining ditch leading to Beltline Road in Churntown, 2010.
Significance and Integrity Thresholds Mining-related properties will be eligible for the NRHP/CRHR under Criterion A/1 if they are connected with a historic theme such as the increase of commerce and trade in an area, the development of a mining community or company town, or the development of new technology or metallurgical process. For example, a mining ditch in Shasta Lake may be eligible if it can be determined to be associated with the development of Churntown. They may also be eligible under Criterion B/2 if research indicates they are associated with a person of significance. Mining related properties are typically eligible under Criterion C/3 if they have either of the following:115
114 Bruce J. Noble, Jr., and Robert Spude, National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering Historic Mining Properties (Washington, DC, 1997), 1-3. 115 Unless otherwise noted, the following text has been excerpted from Noble and Spude, Mining Properties, 15-18.
61 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
1) Architecture: “Mining properties have an architecture of their own, especially the industrial complexes of mills, hoist houses, and smelters. Innovations in the use of metal and concrete have received broad application in the realm of mining. The multitude of gables and roof slopes has inspired other architectural developments. Noteworthy vernacular architecture is sometimes evident in mine buildings constructed by particular ethnic groups, such as the Cornish influence seen in Central City, Colorado.”
2) Engineering: “The field of mining engineering and its derivatives, such as metallurgical engineering, witnessed tremendous progress in the last century and a half. Mining properties often provide excellent illustrations of the changes in methods of mining technology over time. The work of master engineers, such as Daniel Jackling‟s design for the open pit at Bingham Canyon, Utah, has significance based on their design and engineering innovation.”
Lastly, they will be eligible under Criterion D/4 if they “[contain] information important in prehistory or history. Eligible resources which may provide such information include standing buildings or structures; surviving machinery; landforms such as mill tailings or mine waste rock dumps; or less visible physical remains such as privy pits, trash dumps, prospect pits, collapsed headframes, building foundations, roads, and machine pads or anchor piers.”
“When assessing the integrity of a mining property, it is important to remember that the National Register will accept significant and distinguishable entities whose components may lack individual distinction. As discussed elsewhere in this bulletin, the passage of time, exposure to a harsh environment, abandonment, vandalism, and neglect often combine to cause the deterioration of individual mining property components. For example, buildings may have collapsed, machinery may have been removed, and railroad tracks may have been salvaged. However, the property may still exhibit a labyrinth of paths, roads, shaft openings, trash heaps, and fragments of industrial activity like standing headframes and large tailings piles. Although these individual components may appear to lack distinction, the combined impact of these separate components may enable the property to convey the collective image of a historically significant mining operation. In essence, the whole of this property will be greater than the sum of its parts. In such cases, a mining property may be judged to have integrity as a system even though individual components of the system have deteriorated over time.”
“Because most historic mining properties will be abandoned and in poor repair, special care must be taken when evaluating integrity. The integrity of a mining property cannot be judged in the same fashion as the integrity of a building. In some cases, buildings and objects related to mining will have been relocated and many original construction materials will be gone. The following sections explain how the seven aspects of integrity relate to historic mining properties.”
The National Register Bulletin, “Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering Historic Mining Properties,” provides in-depth information on the history of American mines as well as how to record and evaluate them.
62 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK
Carey & Co. recommends that additional research be conducted for the historic context statement, including further development of the following time periods and themes:
. Social and cultural life in the boomtown cities during the 1930s and 1940s . Individuals who were significant to the history of Shasta Lake . Postwar growth . Post-dam industrial development . A Labor History section . History of Shasta Lake since incorporation
The firm also recommends that the City of Shasta Lake conduct an intensive survey to identify individually significant properties and historic districts. DPR Primary Record (523A); Building, Structure, and Object (523B); Archeological Site (523C); and District (523D) forms should be completed for these resources.
During the course of the research process, we collected an immense amount of information on individual properties, including construction dates, previous owners and businesses, and alterations and additions. Although it was outside the scope of this survey to include all of this information in the historic context statement, the firm can share its research with the City. Much of the information came from firsthand knowledge of community members, so the City should continue to work with them to identify and document individual buildings and neighborhoods.
Priority should be given to this intensive survey to assist in the planning process and to identify significant resources before they are significantly altered or demolished. Many of the dam-era structures are simple, wood-frame buildings that are not apparently recognizable as important works of architecture by master architects. They were also erected as temporary structures, so they may be in poor condition. Many of these buildings have been determined to be ineligible for the NRHP or the CRHR in previous surveys. Carey & Co. recommends that they be reassessed in light of the information presented in the historic context statement. These structures are very vulnerable to loss over time, so care should be given that they are preserved, as they tell the story of how the boomtowns developed in the late 1930s and early 1940s and how they retained their sense of place over time.
63 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archival Repositories City of Shasta Lake Department of Development Services Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society History Center, San Francisco Public Library Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Collection Online Archive of California
Primary and Secondary Resources Billington, David P., and Donald C. Jackson. Big Dams of the New Deal Era: a Confluence of Engineering and Politics. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey, Vol. II: Since 1865. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1999.
Burchard, John E., and Albert Brush-Brown. The Architecture of America: A Social and Cultural History. Boston: Little Brown, 1966.
“Charles Augustus House,” manuscript. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
“Charles Augustus House,” in Shasta Damboree Program. 2007. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Clark, Clifford Edward, Jr. The American Family Home: 1800-1960. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
Cleary, Guire. Mission Dolores: The Gift of St. Francis. Orange, Calif.: The Paragon Agency Publishers, 2004.
Covered Wagon. June 1952. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Coyote & Fox Enterprises. “Cultural Resources Study for the New Civic Center Complex, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California.” Prepared for G4 Architecture Research + Planning, Inc. April 2009.
______. “Negative Archaeological Survey Report.” Prepared for the California State Department of Transportation. August 15, 2002.
Cross, Barbara. “Shasta Dam Area History is Perseverance.” Shasta Lake News. April 1993, pp. 2-3.
Decker, Julie, and Chris Chiei. Quonset Hut: Metal Living for a Modern Age. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2005.
Ellickson, Robert C. “Of Coarse and Cattle: Dispute Resolution among Neighbors in Shasta County.” Stanford Law Review, Vol. 38, no. 3 (February 1986): 623-687.
ENPLAN. “Cultural Resources Inventory for Proposed Improvements along Vallecito Street between Montana and Hardenbrook Avenues, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California. Prepared for City of Shasta Lake. February 2005.
64 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
______. “Cultural Resources Survey for Proposed Sewer Improvements, +2.2 miles, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California. Prepared for the City of Shasta Lake. August 2006.
“Founders Award to Johnathan Tibbitts.” Transcript from Oral History Binder. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Franco, Mark. “Florence Jones, November 28, 1907-November 22, 2003.” http://www.winnemanwintu.us/memorial.htm (accessed November 17, 2010).
Geiger, Maynard, “New Data on the Building of Mission San Francisco,” California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 46, no. 3 (September 1967): 195-205.
Historic Photograph Collection. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Hoover, Mildred Brooke, et al. Historic Spots in California. Revised by Douglas E. Kyle. Stanford,Calif.: Stanford California Press, 1990.
Hope, Andrew. “Evaluating the Significance of San Lorenzo Village, A Mid-20th Century Suburban Community.” CRM: Journal of Heritage Stewardship (Summer 2005): 50-61.
Hoveman, Alice R., et al. Journey to Justice: The Wintu People and the Salmon. Redding: Turtle Bay Exploration Park, 2002.
Hurtado, Albert. Indian Survival on the California Frontier. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
Jensen, Peter M. “Archaeological Inventory Survey: City of Shasta Lake Water System Improvements Project.” Prepared for the City of Shasta Lake, September 30, 2005.
Kobe, Frank J. A History of Shasta County, California. Shasta: Shasta County Book Commission, 1984.
Lowitt, Richard. The New Deal and the West. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
LSA Associates, Inc. “Historic Resource Evaluation Report (Positive): Shasta Dam Boulevard between Locust and Washington Avenues, City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County, California. Prepared for Coyote & Fox Enterprises. July 2002.
Margaret. “Substation Dedication – May 5, 1982: Shasta Dam Area Public Utility District.” Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.
Noble, Bruce J., Jr. and Robert Spude. National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering Historic Mining Properties. Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1997.
65 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
North State Resources, Inc. “Heritage Grove Project: Archaeological Reconnaissance Investigation 198 acres, Shasta Lake City, Shasta County.” Prepared for Corpac Development, Inc. June 2008.
Orsi, Richard J. Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
Pacific Constructors, Inc. Shasta Dam and Its Builders. San Francisco: Pacific Constructors, 1945.
Pacific Municipal Consultants. “Archaeological and Historical Investigations for the Cascade Boulevard Improvements Project in the City of Shasta Lake, Shasta County. Prepared for City of Shasta Lake. 2007.
Potter, Elisabeth Walton, and Beth M. Boland. National Register Bulletin No. 41: “Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places.” Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1992.
Rawls, James J., and Walton Bean. California: An Interpretive History, 7th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
Rice, Richard B. et al. The Elusive Eden: A New History of California. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2002.
Rocca, Al M. Shasta Dam: A History of Construction, 1938-1945. Redding: Renown Publishing, 2009.
Rumboltz, Matthew Carl. “Charles Augustus House.” Manuscript. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
______. “Charles Augustus House: An Early Pioneer in Shasta County.” Manuscript. Courtesy of Matthew J. Rumboltz.
______. “Damboree Stories about the House Family.” Manuscript. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
______. “My Mom and Dad, and there [sic] Memorabilia from Toyon School.” Manuscript. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Rumboltz, Matt J. “‟Boomtown‟ the Last Frontier.” Manuscript. June 1981. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
______. “Boomtown Schools, 1938-1955. Courtesy of Matthew J. Rumboltz.
______. “Covered Wagon Stories about the House Family.” Courtesy of Matthew J. Rumboltz.
______. “Early History of Shasta Dam Area.” 1969. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
66 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
San Francisco Planning Department. “City within a City: Historic Context Statement for San Francisco‟s Mission District.” November 2007.
Senkewicz Beebe, Rose Marie and Robert M. Senkewicz Beebe, eds. Mission San Francisco de Asís in the Ohlone Village of Chutchui. California: California Mission Studies Association, 2007.
Schwarzer, Mitchell. San Francisco: Architecture of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco: William Stout Publishers, 2007.
Shasta Damboree Souvenir Program, 1952. On file at the Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Shasta Historical Society. The Cemetery Book of Shasta County, revised edition. 1999. Shasta Lake Heritage and Historical Society.
Shasta Lake Redevelopment Agency. “Shasta Dam Area RP Fourth Amendment DEIR.” February 2008.
Shepherd, Alice. Wintu Texts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Shepherd, Roger. “Crow Island School.” http://www.rogershepherd.com/WIW/solution5/crow2.html (accessed January 26, 2008).
Smith, Dottie. “Historic Data Inventory of the Shasta County Interlakes Special Recreation Management Area.” Prepared for the U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 1995. http://www.blm.gov/heritage/adventures/research/StatePages/ PDFs/California/interlakes_inventory.pdf (accessed January 21, 2010).
Starr, Kevin. Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of Historic Preservation. California Historical Landmarks. Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, 1996.
______. California Register of Historical Resources: The Listing Process. Technical Assistance Series 5. Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, n. d.
______. California Register and National Register: A Comparison. Technical Assistance Series 6. Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, 2001.
______. User’s Guide to the California Historical Resource Status Codes & Historic Resources Inventory Directory. Technical Assistance Bulletin 8. Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, 2004.
Tuggle, Jeremy M. Rooted in Shasta County. Charlotte, NC: Preserving Memories, 2003.
U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. “Revision of the National Park Service‟s Thematic Framework.” http://www.nps.gov/history/history/categrs/thematic.htm (accessed May 4, 2009).
67 Carey & Co., Inc.
Historic Context Statement, City of Shasta Lake January 18, 2011
______. How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, National Register Bulletin 15. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1997.
______. How to Complete the National Register Registration Form, National Register Bulletin 16A. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1997.
Voss, Barbara L. The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
68 Carey & Co., Inc.
6.4
AGENDA ITEM City Council Meeting
TO: Mayor and City Council Members
FROM: Carol Martin, City Manager
DATE: March 22, 2011
SUBJECT: Staff Direction on development of a Sunshine Ordinance and revisions to the City Council Code
RECOMMENDATION:
The Mayor requests the City Council provide staff formal direction on the development of a Sunshine Ordinance and revisions to the City Council Code.
BACKGROUND:
At two different Council meetings, Gracious Palmer requested that the City Council consider adopting a Sunshine Ordinance and make revisions to the City’s Conflict of Interest Code. The following comments were made concerning the Sunshine Ordinance:
“Nine local jurisdictions in the State of California have adopted or are in the process of developing their own improved access rules including San Francisco, Oakland, Richmond, Milpitas, Benicia, Berkeley, and Contra Costa County.
The best way to ensure open government is by passing a local sunshine ordinance that requires local agencies to make extra efforts to do public business in the open.
Some ideas that could be included in a local Sunshine Ordinance are whenever city council or other committees meet the members of that body will reveal any ex parte communications they have had...this would include, but not be limited to letters, emails, faxes, telephone conversations; stronger information and greater transparency of closed session meetings.
The goal of developing and implementing a Sunshine Ordinance in the City of Shasta Lake is a more open, transparent, accountable, honest government and a more informed, proactive, engaged, and involved public.”
Additionally, Ms. Palmer requested that the City Council adopt a Code of Conduct. A sample of a Code of Conduct is listed below in italics and is similar to that which is contained in the Shasta Lake Guide for Advisory Bodies.
A Code of Conduct governs the actions and deliberations of the City boards and commissions so that public deliberations and actions can be conducted in an atmosphere free from personal animosity and hostility and that all actions serve to increase public confidence in the City of Shasta Lake’s government.
Each member of all City’s Boards and Commissions has the duty to: Adhere to a high level of ethical conduct in the performance of public duties; Represent and work for the common good of the City and its citizens; Pursuant to state law, refuse to accept gifts or favors or promises of future benefits which might compromise or tend to impair independent judgment or action; Provide fair and equal treatment for all persons and matters coming before the board or commission, whether in person, in writing or in an e-mail communication; Faithfully perform all duties of office; Learn and study the background and purpose of important items of business before voting; Be tolerant of all views expressed at public meetings; Refrain from abusive conduct, personal charges or verbal attacks made upon others; and Governing bodies are not to be involved in administration or operation of City departments. They may not direct administrative staff to initiate programs; conduct major studies; or develop changes in policy without the direct approval of the City Council.
Violations of the Code of Conduct Any violation or disregard for the Code of Conduct may result in one or more of the following: A. Verbal Admonishment – Least severe form of action and may be directed to one or all members of the board or commission. B. Censure – Severe form of action taken by Council in open session directing the Mayor to send a letter of censure to the member expressing the majority’s strong displeasure and/or disappointment of the action.
FISCAL IMPACTS: No additional fiscal impacts.
ATTACHMENTS: None
DISTRIBUTION: City Council
Report and Recommendations HA 3.1 Reviewed and Approved
City Manager
AGENDA ITEM HOUSING AUTHORITY
TO: Rod Lindsay, Chair
FROM: Loree Byzick, Housing Authority Program Manager Jessaca Lugo, Housing Authority Program Manager
DATE: March 22, 2011
SUBJECT: City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority Annual Report
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends the officers of the City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority adopt a resolution accepting the City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority Annual Report.
BACKGROUND:
The City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority was formed in 1994 for the purpose of administering housing programs in the newly founded city. Annual meetings are held to provide an update on programs and projects.
For the purposes of this report, the City’s housing programs and services are clustered into two broad categories: affordable housing and special projects. Because of the nature of the programs and their intended outcomes, the categories will often overlap.
Funding for each program will vary from time to time according to the availability of grant funding, the amount of the current year’s mandated contribution of tax increment from the Redevelopment Agency (referred to as Low/Mod), and private party investment. Two Program Managers are responsible for all grant procurement and administration, as well as program operation.
It should be noted that grant funding for housing programs and services relies on leveraging the 20% housing setaside from the City of Shasta Lake Redevelopment Agency (RDA). The RDA setaside contributes approximately $750,000 per year to the housing budget. If RDAs are abolished or the setaside is redirected, it will severely constrict the City’s housing and grant programs.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
The following programs were operational in calendar year 2010:
Homebuyer Program -The Homebuyer Program (HP), previously know as the Down Payment Assistance Program or DAP, encourages homeownership for low income residents by offering 30-year deferred, “silent” second loans to assist with the down payment and/or closing costs. The buyer must make a good faith contribution of 3% of the purchase price of the home. Every home must pass a code compliance inspection performed by the City’s Building Inspector.
Prospective buyers must also attend a four-hour first-time homebuyer seminar where they learn how to create a spending plan, how to read a credit report and use credit wisely, and steps for buying a home. The class is facilitated by Joe Rodola, who has provided credit, real estate, and homebuyer counseling locally for more than ten years.
In 2010, the Housing Authority responded to 66 inquiries from interested parties and processed 15 complete loan applications, three of which did not meet the program’s income guidelines. Using a combination of funds from the Home Investment Partnership Program (HOME) and CalHOME programs, 10 home purchases were underwritten, totaling more than $680,000.
In addition to processing new loans, housing staff is responsible for servicing approximately 100 loans that are a part of the housing portfolio. The impact of the national housing crisis is starting to be felt as evidenced by the number of foreclosures and requests for short sales from borrowers. Staff has become aware of 13 cases where owners have requested a short sale or allowed the home to go to foreclosure.
When staff is aware of a struggling homeowner, a referral is made to Joe Rodola’s Debt Consulting who now provides one-on-one pre-foreclosure counseling. However, many times staff is not aware that housing unit is in jeopardy until the foreclosure notice is received. A follow-up workshop has also been added for program participants in an attempt to refresh basic budgeting techniques, review credit worthiness, and discuss pre-foreclosure steps.
CalHOME funds were exhausted in 2010. The program is now relying on its remaining HOME grant leveraged with RDA Low/Mod funds. The City was eligible to apply for additional HOME funds in the 2010 grant round, we will apply in the summer of 2011. In addition, it is unclear at this time if RDA Low/Mod funds will be available in fiscal year 2011-12 if the Governor is successful in his bid to abolish redevelopment agencies.
Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation - Under the Owner Occupied Housing Rehabilitation Program (Housing Rehab) homeowners are offered no-interest deferred loans to correct health and safety problems. In addition to determining household eligibility, program managers underwrite the loan, coordinate the bid process and scope of work, and serve as a conduit between licensed contractors, homeowners, and the building department.
In 2010, one housing rehab loan funded from the Community Development Block Grant Program Income account (CDBG) was approved for a senior who needed to make various repairs. 15 housing rehab loans are currently being serviced. This homeowner also took advantage of the City’s Energy Efficiency Rebate Program to receive rebates for some of the energy efficiency measures that were completed as part of the housing rehabilitation process.
There are several hurdles that are yet to be cleared to increase the volume of housing rehab loans. One is that, given the present economic climate, homeowners (especially the elderly or very low income) are reluctant to incur any debt, even though it is long-term and carries no interest charges. Another is that the homeowner must have enough equity in a home to use as collateral to secure the
City OOR note. In addition, many of the homes in Shasta Lake require substantial rehabilitation which is beyond the scope and funding availability of the program.
As previously mentioned, CDBG program income was tapped for the housing rehab project completed in 2010. In 2011, rehab projects will be funded by RDA Low/Mod funds, subject to their availability.
Paint Rebate Program – Each year from May through October, the City offers rebates up to $500 to qualified homeowners to defray the cost of exterior paint and supplies. Participating homeowners must meet low/mod income guidelines. They are provided with a list of materials and supplies, as well as basic instruction on preparation and painting. Building Department staff conducts a site visit and takes a picture of the home before painting begins and again after painting is complete.
Ten paint rebate applications were approved in 2010, and eight rebates totaling $3,712 were issued. This program is entirely funded through RDA low/mod.
Housing Element Implementation – On July 7, 2010, the State of California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) certified the City’s updated Housing Element for the planning period 2009-2014. The Housing Element is one section of the overall General Plan. It is an assessment of current and projected housing needs for all parts of a community and all economic groups. It establishes housing policy and goals, and includes action plans for meeting these goals.
The plan addresses the need for decent, safe, and affordable housing. The Implementation Programs section of the plan establishes milestones for increasing specific numbers and types (e.g. single family, multi-family, new construction, housing rehabilitation) of housing to serve specific income levels.
As part of the Implementation Programs, the City will be adding an Affordable Housing Section to the Zoning Title of the City’s Municipal Code as well as making other changes to the Code. The Code text changes will make the construction, rehabilitation and conservation of affordable housing much easier and less expensive for both single-family and multi-family units.
Construction projects such as the Meade Street Senior Housing Project described under Special Projects below, a new presence by Habitat for Humanity in the community, and increased interest by private developers are tools that move us toward meeting those milestones.
Habitat for Humanity sponsored its first project in the City in 2010. Identifying a need for affordable housing for large families, a four-bedroom home was constructed on a donated lot on West St. The city provided fee waivers and assisted Habitat in qualifying a seven-member family for the Homebuyer Program. Habitat is now proposing a similar arrangement on a lot in a different neighborhood.
In addition, Planning staff has had numerous conversations with a local property owner who is interest in collaborating with the City on additional affordable housing units on one of the lots cleared through the Voluntary Abatement Program (VAP).
SPECIAL PROJECTS
Meade Street Senior Housing – In 2009, the City purchased with one-time grant funds from HUD a building site on Meade Street to be developed into a 30-unit housing campus for low and moderate income seniors. The Meade Street site was chosen because of its proximity to all essential services, as well as the John Beaudet Community Center. When completed, the development will include an on- site manager and a community room for residents
The Housing Authority is partnering with Northern Valley Catholic Social Service (NVCSS) to pursue additional funding to build and maintain the complex. The estimated cost from land acquisition through construction is between seven and eight million dollars, of which the RDA has pledged two million
dollars. A HUD 202 grant application submitted by NVCSS in 2010 was not successful. NVCSS will submit a revised application in the spring of 2011 focusing on the items that did not score well in the initial application.
Voluntary Abatement Program – The City took advantage of a one-time opportunity to use Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) funding through the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) to remove blighted structures and create an opportunity for landowners to use the lots for future infill development. The County of Shasta was the lead agency for the NSP and contracted with the City to implement the Voluntary Abatement Program. The City’s funding allocation was $139,496 with no matching funds requirement and the program was strictly voluntary.
19 residential and 3 commercial structures were demolished and the lots cleared of debris. Building, Permit Center, and Planning staff identified red tagged properties, contacted each property owner individually, served as liaison to licensed contractors, completed environmental assessments, issued all necessary permits, and completed all inspections. Housing staff prepared contracts and bid documents, processed payments to contractors and reimbursement requests to the County, and was responsible for contract negation and administration.
C4-HAP – The “C4” in C4-HAP refers to the cities of Shasta Lake, Anderson, and Redding, and the County of Shasta. The “HAP” stands for Housing Assistance Program. This cooperative, county-wide program was another component of NSP funding and provided down-payment assistance for eligible homebuyers purchasing foreclosed units.
Shasta Lake housing staff distributed 18 applications and issued eight eligibility letters for this short- term program that was designed to help take foreclosures off the market and stimulate home sales. County staff closed all escrows, funded the loans, and will service the loans. $76,395 was injected into two purchases of housing in the City of Shasta Lake.
FISCAL IMPACT
This report is provided for information only. There are no fiscal impacts.
ATTACHMENTS
Resolution
DISTRIBUTION:
City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority City Manager Assistant City Manager
RESOLUTION HA 11-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SHASTA LAKE HOUSING AUTHORITY ACKNOWLEDGING AND ACCEPTING THE 2010 HOUSING AUTHORITY ANNUAL REPORT. ______
WHEREAS, the City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority exists for the purpose of administering housing programs in the City of Shasta Lake; and
WHEREAS, the Housing Authority conducts an annual meeting in April of each year to provide an update on programs, services and projects;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the officers of the City of Shasta Lake Housing Authority do hereby acknowledge and accept the 2010 Housing Authority Annual Report.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 5th day of April 2011 by the following vote:
AYES: NOES: ABSENT:
______ROD LINDSAY, CHAIR
ATTEST:
______TONI M. COATES, CMC, City Clerk