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Regional Oral ~ I S T O I Office University of California the Bancroft Regional Oral ~istoiOffice University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Earl Warren Oral History Project CONVERSATIONS WITH EARL WARREN ON CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT Interviews conducted in 1971 and 1972 by Amelia R. Fry and Members of the Regional Oral Histov Ofice St& With an Introduction by Ira Michael Heyman Copyright @ 1982 by The Regents of The University of California This manuscript is made available for research purposes. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, , and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as fol- lows: Earl Warren, "Conversations with Earl Warren on Cali- fornia Government," an oral history conducted in 1971 and 1972, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1981. \ Copy No. - TABLE OF CONTENTS - Earl Warren ACKNOWLEDGMENT i PREFACE iii INTRODUCTION by Ira Michael Heyman xiii INTERVIEW HISTORY xv I. ATTORNEY GENERAL AND DISTRICT ATTORNEY YEARS [First Interview: 14 December 19711 Chapter 1: Opening Remarks Japanese Submarine Fears, 1941 Thoughts on 1950 Campaign and Support Chapter 2: Attorney General Campaign, 1938 Contributors and Committees Bob Kenny's Role Supporters and Opponents District Attorney Campaign, 1930 Chapter 3: Reorganizing the Attorney General's Office 1934 Constitutional Amendments Peace Officers' Organizational Activities Regional Innovations University of California Bureau of Public Administration Coordination of Law Enforcement; San Jose Kidnapping and Other Cases Chief Law Enforcement Officer Concept Power of Attorney General's Opinions Wire Services Cases Chapter 4: Law Enforcement Issues and Achievements Warren's 1938 Positions on Gambling and Civil Liberties Train Robbery; Public Attitudes More on the 1934 Constitutional Amendments Chapter 5: District Attorney Prosecutions; The Gosden Homicide Case Chapter 6: Alameda County District Attorney's Office: Organization and Concerns Plea Bargaining Investigative Staff' Staff Meetings; Grand Juries The Sheriff Becker Case Graft Prosecutions City Manager Government Migrant Workers and Labor Contractors Crime Prevention Family Court Chapter 7: Warren's Republican Party Activities 1928 and 1932 National Campaigns State Central Committee Chairman, 1936 Influence of the Press Chapter 8: Additional District Attorney Prosecutions Shipboard Murder Case Joe Lacy Case Integrity of the District Attorney's Office Chapter 9: Concerns as Attorney General Lobbying and the Philbrick Report Artie Samish Tony Cornero and the Gambling Ship Case Other Cases of Interest Chapter 10: Relations with Governor Olson Partisan Rivalry; Attorney General's Rulings; . Special Legislative Sessions Civil Defense Controversy Decision to Run for Governor; Campaign Financing Civil Defense Under Governor Olson and Governor Warren Chapter 11: Further Attorney General and District Attorney Questions Civil Service and Minority Employment Secondary Boycott Ballot Measure Dog Racing and Black Jack Jerome Bookmaking and Horse Racing Problems FIRST TERM AS GOVERNOR: LIQUOR CONTROL, WATER POWER, AND OTHER CONTINUING CONCERNS [Second Interview: 17 April 19721 Chapter 12: Early Days in Sacramento Transition Study of Finance and Water Advisors and Friends Chapter 13: New Ideas in Corrections Prison Reform Leaders Richard McGee and the Adult Authority Developing Youth Authority Autonomy Paroles and Pardons Habitual Criminal Act Creating the Department of Justice Fred Howser as Attorney General Youth Authority Long-Range Plan Chapter 14: Mental Health Services Pressure for Local Services; Outpatient Clinics Federal Funds for Hospitals; Community Awareness. State Hospital Observations Chapter 15: Postwar Construction Program Chapter 16: Relations with Executive Departments Chapter 17: Lieutenant Governor Goodwin Knight, 1947- 1953 Chapter 18: Passing Legislation: The 1947 Gas Tax Bill Highway Commissioners and Budget Oil and Trucking Opposition Senate Support Oil Company Pressures Legislative Record: Weak Party Organization Chapter 19: Other Legislative Efforts Fair Employment and Health Insurance Bills Dealing with the California Medical Association Chapter 20: Liquor Lobbying and the Board of Equalization Chapter 2 1: Agency and Legislative Dynamics Chapter 22: California Water, Land, and Power Issues Establishing the Water Resources Board, 1945 Early Water Projects Feather River Project Department of Water Resources, 1953 Federal Issues Agriculture's Concerns Water Pollution Act of 1949 Recreation and Wilderness Chapter 23: Other Critical Issues and Techniques Labor Leaders and Legislation Governor's Conferences; Grassroots Opportunity Court and Other Appointments 111. THE GOVERNORSHIP: WELFARE, RACE RELATIONS, POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS [Third Interview: 22 June 19721 Chapter 24: Department of Social Welfare Director Charles Wollenberg; Relation to County Officials National Governors' Conferences Old-Age Pressure Groups Appointment of Charles Schottland George McLain and Myrtle Williams; Warren's Welfare Commission Child Care Centers Legislative Liaison on Bills and Budgets Chapter 25: Race Relations Policy Advisors: Minority Friendships Early Efforts for Fair Employment Legislation Zoot-Suit Riots . Development of Warren's Social Philosophy Assemblymen Augustus Hawkins and Byron Rumford Digression on the Ivanhoe Case Minorities in California; Personal and Historical Experience Chapter 26:. .Colorado River Problems Chapter 27: Japanese Americans in World War I1 Use of the Alien Land Law Reparations and Return from Relocation 1946 Amendments to the Alien Land Law Chapter 28: Regulating Lobbying 1949 Special Legislative Session Interim Study Committee; Enactment of the Collier Bill, 1950 Government Reorganization; Limits to Lobbying Chapter 29: 1948 Presidential Campaign Warren and Thomas Dewey Reservations About a Senate Seat Dewey's Plans and Confidence Nina Warren Frederick Houser and Fred Howser, 1946 Chapter 30: 1952 Presidential Campaign Taft, Nixon, and Eisenhower Preliminary Maneuvers Delegate Seating Strategies California Delegation's Convention Balloting Campaign Appearances for Eisenhower Chapter 31: Career Decisions in 1953 The Call from Herbert Brownell About the Supreme Court Appointment Other Offers TAPE GUIDE APPENDICES A. Letter from Ann Campbell to Amelia Fry, 30 November 1971 B. Labor Record of Earl Warren--Incumbent and Candidate C. Warren's views on labor, 1950 D. Correspondence between Monroe Deutsch and Earl Warren, 23-24 July 1934 E. Outline for handbook on functions of district attorney's office F. Letter from Earl Warren to Harrison Call, 30 May 1941, and press release of 16 May 1947 G. Obituary, London Tim'es, 1 1 July 1974 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGMENT Completion of this oral history with Earl Warren was made possible by a gift from the Swig family in memory of Benjamin H. Swig, a long-time and close friend of the Chief Justice. PREFACE The Earl Warren Oral History Project, a special project of the Regional Oral History Office, was inaugurated -in 1969 to produce tape-recorded interviews with persons prominent in the arenas of politics, governmental administration, and criminal justice during the Warren Era in California. Focusing on the years 1925-1953, the interviews were designed not only to docu- ment the life of Chief Justice Warren but to gain new information on the social and political changes of a state in the throes of a depression, then a war, then a postwar boom. One hundred and forty-eight persons have been interviewed for the project, and the com- pleted interviews are available for research in The Bancroft Library, the State Archives, at UCLA, and other selected repositories. An effort was made to document the most significant events and trends by interviews with key participants who spoke from diverse vantage points. Most were queried on the one or two topics in which they were primarily involved; a few interviewees with special continuity and breadth of experience were asked to discuss a multiplicity of subjects. Continuing study of cru- cial state issues was begun in 1974 with inauguration of a series of interviews documenting the administrations of Goodwin Knight (1953-1958) and Edmund Brown, Sr. (1958-1 9661, under the general title of the Government History Documentation Project. Work began on the Ronald Reagan administration (1 966- 1974) in 1979. The Warren Project interviews have stimulated the deposit of papers from friends, aides, and the opposition; government documents; old movie newsreels; video tapes, and photo- graphs. This Earl Warren collection is being added to The Bancroft Library's extensive hold- ings on twentieth century California politics and history. The project has been financed by grants from the National Endowment for the Humani- ties, the California State Legislature through the office of the Secretary of State, and by gifts from local donors which were matched by the Endowment. Contributors include the former law clerks of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Cortez Society, many long-time supporters of "the Chief," and friends and colleagues of some of the major memoirists in the project. The Roscoe and Margaret Oakes Foundation and the San Francisco Foundation have
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