2 Appendix C Cultural Tech Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2 Appendix C Cultural Tech Report September 9, 2015 PACIFICORP Lassen Substation Project Cultural Resource Survey DRAFT REPORT Siskiyou County, California LEGAL DESCRIPTION: T40N, R4W, SECTIONS 9, 16, 17, AND 21 USGS QUADRANGLE: CITY OF MT. SHASTA, CA. PROJECT NUMBER: 136412 PROJECT CONTACT: Michael Dice EMAIL: [email protected] PHONE: 714-507-2700 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey Cultural Resource Survey DRAFT REPORT PacifiCorp Lassen Substation Project Siskiyou County, California PREPARED FOR: PACIFICORP PREPARED BY: MICHAEL DICE 714-507-2700 [email protected] POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey CONFIDENTIAL This report contains information on the nature and location of prehistoric and historic cultural resources. Under California Office of Historic Preservation guidelines as well as several laws and regulations, the locations of cultural resource sites are considered confidential and cannot be released to the public. ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE i POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE ii POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT S UMMARY............................................................................................................ 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 1 2.1 LOCATION ............................................................................................................................... 5 3.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................... 11 3.1 NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT ........................................................................... 11 3.2 CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL PLACES .................................................................. 12 3.3 CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION HISTORIC PRESERVATION REQUIREMENTS .... 12 3.4 IMPACTS TO NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS ............................................................. 13 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ........................................................................................... 14 5.0 CULTURAL SETTING ......................................................................................................... 15 5.1 PREHISTORY ......................................................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 Early Horizon (9000 B.C. to 2000 B.C.) ...................................................................... 15 5.1.2 Middle Horizon (2000 B.C. to 800 A.D.) ..................................................................... 15 5.1.3 Late Horizon (1000 B.C. to A.D. 1000) ....................................................................... 16 5.2 ETHNOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 17 5.2.1 Shastan .......................................................................................................................... 17 5.3 HISTORY ............................................................................................................................... 17 6.0 METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS .................................................................................... 20 6.1 NORTHEAST CALIFORNIA INFORMATION CENTER LITERATURE REVIEW ............................ 20 6.2 NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION .................................................................................... 23 6.3 REVIEW OF HISTORICAL MAPS, PHOTOGRAPHS AND THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT GENERAL LAND OFFICE DATABASE ................................................................................................. 24 6.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY AND RESULTS .................................................................. 25 6.4.1 Site #JM-H-1 ................................................................................................................ 25 6.4.2 JM-ISO ......................................................................................................................... 29 7.0 IMPACTS ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 31 8.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 33 9.0 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 34 ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE iii POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey FIGURES FIGURE 1 PROJECT VICINITY .............................................................................................................. 3 FIGURE 2 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ............................................................................................................ 7 FIGURE 3 PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................................... 9 TABLES TABLE 1 PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED CULTURAL RESOURCES LOCATED WITHIN ONE MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................................. 20 TABLE 2 CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES WITHIN ONE MILE OF THE PROJECT AREA ................... 21 APPENDICES APPENDIX A PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN DURING THE SURVEY APPENDIX B NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION APPENDIX C CONFIDENTIAL DPR523 FORM SETS APPENDIX D RESUMES ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE iv POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACSR aluminum conductor steel reinforced BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management CCR California Code of Regulations CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CRHR California Register of Historical Resources ESA Endangered Species Act GLO General Land Office I-5 Interstate 5 kcmil thousand circular mil kV kilovolt MLD Most Likely Descendant MVA megavolt ampere NAHC Native American Heritage Commission National Register National Register of Historic Places NEIC the Northeast California Information Center NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NPS National Park Service OHP Office of Historic Preservation PEA Proponent’s Environmental Assessment POWER POWER Engineers, Inc. PRC Public Resources Code Project Lassen Substation Project ROW right-of-way USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USGS U.S. Geological Survey ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE v POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ANA 130-227 (PER 02) PACIFICORP (09/16/2015) 136412 YU PAGE vi POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Lassen Substation Project – Cultural Resource Survey MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of PacifiCorp, POWER Engineers, Inc. (POWER) has conducted a cultural resource survey for its proposed Lassen Substation Project (Project) in Siskiyou County, California. This survey was conducted to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act and is in support of both a Proponent’s Environmental Assessment and a Mitigated Negative Declaration to be prepared by the California Public Utility Commission. The purpose of the survey is to identify whether cultural resources are present in the Project area, if those resources will be directly impacted by construction, and whether such resources are considered eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). PacifiCorp proposes to remove the existing Mt. Shasta Substation located at 404 S. Old Stage Road and replace it with a new station, to be called Lassen Substation, upgrade a 69 kilovolt transmission known as Line 2; upgrade several distribution lines with larger conductors; and underground approximately 1,200 feet of cable to increase capacity of an existing underground distribution line. The proposed location for the new Lassen Substation is 504 S. Old Stage Road, which is approximately 275 feet (84 meters) east of the current Mt. Shasta Substation site. In addition, 36 existing wood poles (Pole 13/47 through Pole 5/49) that carry Line 2 will be rebuilt, upgraded, and routed into the new Lassen Substation. The substation portion of the Project is located in unincorporated Siskiyou County, while certain elements of the transmission line work will occur in the County and in the City of Mt. Shasta. Both the existing Mt. Shasta substation and proposed Lassen substation locations are west of Interstate 5 (I- 5), while portions of the transmission and distribution line upgrades will take place east of I-5. The Project is located in Township 40 North, Range 4 East, portions of Sections 9, 16, 17, and 21 as shown on the United States Geological Survey City of Mt. Shasta, CA 7.5’ topographic map. In July 2015, POWER updated the 2011 cultural resource literature search conducted by the Northeast Information Center in Chico, California. The search identified 19 recorded cultural resources within one-half mile of the Project area. None of the resources are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (National Register)
Recommended publications
  • Mccloud Area Recreation Guide
    McCloud Area Recreation Guide McCloud Station • Shasta-McCloud Management Unit • Shasta-Trinity National Forest SHASTA ajmwcV814 TRINITY This Recreation Opportunity Guide provides a brief overview of recreation facilities and opportunities available in the McCloud area of the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. Whether you are planning to go camping, fishing, hiking, boating, picnicking, snow­ mobiling, cross country skiing or sight seeing, the choices for recreation are almost unlimited. Recreation plus… During the late spring, summer and early fall, the McCloud River is the most popular attraction in this area, offering fishing, swimming, camping and spectacular scenery. During the winter months, snowmobiling, cross country skiing and downhill skiing are the top ranking outdoor opportunities. Developed campgrounds and facilities… Except for Harris Springs, Cattle Camp, Trout Creek Campgrounds and Lake McCloud Boat Ramp, all developed campgrounds and day use facilities are located along the McCloud River. All campgrounds are on a first come-first served basis and have a 14 day stay limit. River route… The McCloud River parallels Highway 89 from its source near Dead Horse Summit to Fowler’s Campground. There it turns south and continues through private property to Lake McCloud. At Lake McCloud, the river again flows through National Forest lands to a point several miles below Ah-Di-Na Campground, plus several other areas downstream to the McCloud Nature Preserve. From here, the river passes through mostly private property and public access is extremely limited until the river enters Shasta Lake. Dispersed camping… If the improved campgrounds around McCloud are too crowded and confining, you may want to try camping somewhere else.
    [Show full text]
  • Castle Crags State Park Brochure
    Our Mission The mission of California State Parks is Castle Crags to provide for the health, inspiration and education of the people of California by helping he lofty spires and to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological T State Park diversity, protecting its most valued natural and granite dome of Castle Crags cultural resources, and creating opportunities for high-quality outdoor recreation. rise to more than 6,500 feet. The grandeur of the crags has been revered as California State Parks supports equal access. an extraordinary place Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who need assistance should contact the park for millennia. at (530) 235-2684. This publication can be made available in alternate formats. Contact [email protected] or call (916) 654-2249. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 For information call: (800) 777-0369 (916) 653-6995, outside the U.S. 711, TTY relay service www.parks.ca.gov Discover the many states of California.™ Castle Crags State Park 20022 Castle Creek Road Castella, CA 96017 (530) 235-2684 © 2014 California State Parks M ajestic Castle Crags have inspired The Okwanuchu Shasta territory covered A malaria epidemic brought by European fur enduring myths and legends since about 700 square miles of forested mountains trappers wiped out much of the Okwanuchu prehistoric times. More than 170 million from the headwaters of the Sacramento River Shasta populace by 1833. years old, these granite formations in to the McCloud River and from Mount Shasta With the 1848 gold discoveries at the the Castle Crags Wilderness border the to Pollard Flat.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wintu and Their Neighbors: a Very Small World-System
    THE WINTU AND THEIR NEIGHBORS: A VERY SMALL WORLD-SYSTEM Christopher Chase-Dunn Department of Sociology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, ND 21218 ABSTRACT The world-systems perspective analyzes the modern international system. This approach can be applied to long range social evolution by studying smaller regional intersocietal systems such as the late pre-contact Wintu and their neighbors. Three questions: 1. What was the nature of integration among wintu groups and between them and neighboring groups? 2. What are the spatial characteristics of this network regarding fall­ off of the impact of events? 3. Was there regional soc~ally­ structured inequality in this system? Archaeological data may allow estimation of extent and rate of Wintu expansion, obsidian trade patterns, settlement sizes, and other features of this little world-system. INTRODUCTION This paper describes a theoretical approach for the comparative study of world-systems and a preliminary consideration of a small regional intersocietal system composed of the Wintu people and their neighbors in Northern California. I am currently engaged in the study of two "cases" of relatively small intersocietal networks -- the Wintu-centered system and late prehistoric Hawaii (Chase-Dunn 1991). This paper describes my preliminary hypotheses and examines possibilities for using archaeological, ethnographic, and documentary evidence for answering questions raised by the world-systems perspective. The world-systems perspective is a theoretical approach which has been developed to analyze the dynamics of the Europe­ centered, and now-global, political economy composed of national societies (cf. Wallerstein 1974, 1979; Chase-Dunn 1989; and a very readable introduction in Shannon 1989). One important structure in this modern world-system is the core/periphery hierarchy -- a stratified system of relations among dominant "advanced" core states and dependent and "underdeveloped" peripheral areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Talk 8 at State Episode 8: Getting Outside with Abby Hepp Transcript
    Talk 8 at State Episode 8: Getting Outside with Abby Hepp Transcript Eliza Barsanti: Welcome to the department of Health and Exercise Studies’ Talk 8 at State Podcast with your host, Eliza Barsanti! EB: A couple weeks into the Fall 2020 semester, Covid-19 precautions caused NC State to put all classes online. This switch caused a lot of change in the lives of NC State students, forcing them to step out of their typical day-to-day routines in favor of something different. Abby Hepp ‘23 took this as an opportunity to go on the adventure of a lifetime-hiking, camping, and climbing her way across the United States! Today, we sit down with her to talk about her cross-country road trip, along with advice and NC State resources that students can use to get outside and craft their own adventures. EB: Okay, so today we are sitting down with Abby Hepp. Abby, would you like to introduce yourself to the podcast? Abby Hepp: Hi my name is Abby Hepp, I am majoring in Communication Media at NC State and I'm currently a sophomore. EB: Awesome! So we're going to get right into it! Today we're going to be talking about some of your adventures that you've been going on in the past few years and using to inspire other people as well, so let's start with- how did you become involved in outdoor activities and adventuring initially? AH: First of all, thank you for having me and initially will growing up, I would say my family was moderately active and you know I kind of had the typical playing outside with the neighbors childhood.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Mt. Shasta 70305 N
    C ITY OF MT . S HASTA F REEZE M INI -S TORAGE AND C AR W ASH P ROJECT REVISED AND RECIRCULATED INITIAL STUDY/ MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE NO. 2017072042 Prepared for: CITY OF MT. SHASTA 70305 N. MT. SHASTA BLVD. MT. SHASTA, CA 96067 Prepared by: 2729 PROSPECT PARK DRIVE, SUITE 220 RANCHO CORDOVA, CA 95670 JUNE 2019 C ITY OF MT . S HASTA F REEZE M INI -S TORAGE AND C AR W ASH P ROJECT REVISED AND RECIRCULATED INITIAL STUDY/ MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE NO. 2017072042 Prepared for: CITY OF MT. SHASTA 305 N. MT. SHASTA BLVD. MT. SHASTA, CA 96067 Prepared by: MICHAEL BAKER INTERNATIONAL 2729 PROSPECT PARK DRIVE, SUITE 220 RANCHO CORDOVA, CA 95670 JUNE 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction and Regulatory Guidance ................................................................................... 1.0-1 1.2 Lead Agency .................................................................................................................................. 1.0-1 1.3 Purpose and Document Organization ...................................................................................... 1.0-1 1.4 Evaluation of Environmental Impacts ........................................................................................ 1.0-2 2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Project Location ............................................................................................................................. 3.0-1 3.2 Existing Use and Conditions ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • State of California, County of Siskiyou Board of Supervisors Minutes
    State of California, County of Siskiyou Board of Supervisors Minutes, November 12, 2019 The Honorable Board of Supervisors of Siskiyou County, California, met in regular session this 12th day of November 2019; there being present Supervisors Lisa L. Nixon, Brandon Criss, Michael N. Kobseff, Ray A. Haupt and Ed Valenzuela, County Administrator Terry Barber, County Counsel Edward J. Kiernan, and County Clerk and ex-Officio Clerk of the Board of Supervisors Laura Bynum by Deputy County Clerk Wendy Winningham. The meeting was called to order by Chair Criss. Pursuant to AB23, the Clerk announced that the Board members receive no additional compensation for sitting as members of the Siskiyou County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Supervisor Nixon led in the salute to the flag of the United States of America. Closed Session - Personnel pursuant to Government Code §54957, conference with legal counsel, existing litigation pursuant to Government Code §54956.9(d)(1), four cases, conference with labor negotiators pursuant to Government Code §54957.6, commenced at 8:33a.m., concluded at 9:59a.m., with no action taken. Report On Closed Session County Counsel Edward J. Kiernan announced that closed session concluded at 9:59a.m., with no reportable action taken. Invocation - Siskiyou County Sheriff Chaplain Keith Bradley provided the invocation. Consent Agenda – Approved. At Supervisor Haupt’s request, items 5C, County Administration’s letter to Union Pacific Railroad supporting the Siskiyou Trail Association designed Mossbrae Falls Access project, and item 5D, County Administration’s Rule 20A Credit Purchase agreement with the City of Weed for the transfer of $1,200,000 of 20A credits (County Allocation) from the County to the City, were pulled from the consent agenda for discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • SISKIYOU COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF REPORT July 17, 2019
    SISKIYOU COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF REPORT July 17, 2019 AGENDA ITEM NO. 1: ALTES USE PERMIT (UP1802) APPLICANT: Matt & Ruth Altes P.O. Box 1048 Mt Shasta, CA 96067 PROPERTY OWNER: Matt & Ruth Altes P.O. Box 1048 Mt Shasta, CA 96067 PROJECT SUMMARY: The proposed project consists of a use permit to establish an equestrian and event center. LOCATION: The parcel is approximately 9 acres, located at 138 Big Canyon Drive, Mt Shasta, CA 96067, Siskiyou County, California on APN 037-260-510 (Latitude 41°17'05.12"N, Longitude 122°17'52.50"W). GENERAL PLAN: Woodland Productivity ZONING: Highway Commercial (CH) EXHIBITS: A. Proposed Use Permit Findings B. Resolution PC-2019-024 B-1. Proposed Notations and Recommended Conditions of Approval C. Recirculated Draft Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration D. Public Comments Altes Use Permit (UP1802) Page 1 SITE DESCRIPTION The 9-acre project site is located at 138 Big Canyon Drive. The project site is accessed via Big Canyon Drive. The project site is located in an open woodland area. Adjacent parcels are largely developed with residential and commercial uses and the property is near the intersection of Interstate 5 and Highway 89. Figure 1, Project Location PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is a proposed use permit to bring an existing nine-acre equestrian and special event facility into compliance with County Code as well as to facilitate future development of the site. The facility is currently used for horse boarding/training, riding lessons, trail riding, and outdoor events, such as weddings, parties, and retreats. The use permit would allow these unpermitted uses to continue, as well as allow for training clinics and development of a septic system and two additional structures: 1) a multi- use building containing offices, restrooms, storage, and a caretaker’s residence and 2) a barn for storing hay, tack, and other horse-related materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Geology of Mount Shasta
    Overview of the Geology of Mount Shasta Geology 60 Fall 2007 William Hirt College of the Siskiyous 800 College Avenue Weed, California Introduction Mount Shasta is one of the twenty or so large volcanic peaks that dominate the High Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest. These isolated peaks and the hundreds of smaller vents that are scattered between them lie about 200 kilometers east of the coast and trend southward from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia to Lassen Peak in northern California (Figure 1). Mount Shasta stands near the southern end of the Cascades, about 65 kilometers south of the Oregon border. It is a prominent landmark not only because its summit stands at an elevation of 4,317 meters (14,162 feet), but also because its volume of nearly 500 cubic kilometers makes it the largest of the Cascade STRATOVOLCANOES (Christiansen and Miller, 1989). Figure 1: Locations of the major High Cascade volcanoes and their lavas shown in relation to plate boundaries in the Pacific Northwest. Full arrows indicate spreading directions on divergent boundaries, and half arrows indicate directions of relative motion on shear boundaries. The outcrop pattern of High Cascade volcanic rocks is taken from McBirney and White (1982), and plate boundary locations are from Guffanti and Weaver (1988). Mount Shasta's prominence and obvious volcanic character reflect the recency of its activity. Although the present stratocone has been active intermittently during the past quarter of a million years, two of its four major eruptive episodes have occurred since large glaciers retreated from its slopes at the end of the PLEISTOCENE EPOCH, only 10,000 to 12,000 years ago (Christiansen, 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Cessna R. Smith Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Cessna R., "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 258. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 by Cessna R. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William L. Lang, Chair David A. Horowitz David A. Johnson Barbara A. Brower Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon’s Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson’s Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861—during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture
    [Show full text]
  • 2230 Pine St. Redding
    We know why high quality care means so very much. Since 1944, Mercy Medical Center Redding has been privileged to serve area physicians and their patients. We dedicate our work to continuing the healing ministry of Jesus in far Northern California by offering services that meet the needs of the community. We do this while adhering to the highest standards of patient safety, clinical quality and gracious service. Together with our more than 1700 employees and almost 500 volunteers, we offer advanced care and technology in a beautiful setting overlooking the City. Mercy Medical Center Redding is recognized for offering high quality patient care, locally. Designation as Blue Distinction Centers means these facilities’ overall experience and aggregate data met objective criteria established in collaboration with expert clinicians’ and leading professional organizations’ recommendations. Individual outcomes may vary. To find out which services are covered under your policy at any facilities, please contact your health plan. Mercy Heart Center | Mercy Regional Cancer Center | Center for Hip & Knee Replacement Mercy Wound Healing & Hyperbaric Medicine Center | Area’s designated Trauma Center | Family Health Center | Maternity Services/Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | Shasta Senior Nutrition Programs | Golden Umbrella | Home Health and Hospice | Patient Services Centers (Lab Draw Stations) 2175 Rosaline Ave. Redding, CA 96001 | 530.225.6000 | www.mercy.org Mercy is part of the Catholic Healthcare West North State ministry. Sister facilities in the North State are St. Elizabeth Community Hospital in Red Bluff and Mercy Medical Center Mt. Shasta in Mt. Shasta Welcome to the www.packersbay.com Shasta Lake area Clear, crisp air, superb fi shing, friendly people, beautiful scenery – these are just a few of the words used to describe the Shasta Lake area.
    [Show full text]
  • Shasta Dam Fish Passage Evaluation
    Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Contents Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................ 1-1 Project Background ........................................................................................ 1-3 Central Valley Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Plan ............................. 1-4 2009 NMFS Biological Opinion .............................................................. 1-5 Shasta Dam Fish Passage Evaluation ...................................................... 1-6 Purpose and Need .......................................................................................... 1-7 Objectives ...................................................................................................... 1-7 Study Area ..................................................................................................... 1-8 River Selection Process............................................................................ 1-9 Shasta Lake ............................................................................................ 1-10 Upper Sacramento River Watershed .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 23: Literature: Poetry
    Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography Chapter 23 Literature: Poetry Mount Shasta as a symbol of high ideals, as a symbol of God's domain, as a symbol of purity, and as an inspiring presence, are just some of the varied themes which run through the 19th and 20th Century poems about this majestic mountain. In 1854 John Rollin Ridge, a Cherokee Indian who later became editor of the Sacramento Bee newspaper, wrote one of the earliest Mt. Shasta poems; entitled Mount Shasta it became one of the most famous California poems. Ridge's message was one for the entire state, and the poem contains lines such as "And well this Golden State shall thrive, if like Its own Mount Shasta, Sovereign Law shall lift Itself in purer atmosphere—so high..." The well-known abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier, in 1863, used Shasta as a symbol of God's works: "Amidst the glorious works of thine, The solemn minarets of Pine, And awful Shasta's icy shrine,-Where swell thy hymns from wave and gale..." Many Mt. Shasta poems are less abstract and more personal in sentiment. Joaquin Miller, who lived from 1854-57 near Mt. Shasta, and who visited many times thereafter, wrote several poems about his old home mountain. In his Shadows of Shasta poem, reprinted in this section, one sees his recurring theme of the 'Shadows,' or dark secrets, he saw inflicted on the lives of the Indians at the hands of the whites: "In the place where the grizzly reposes, Under peaks where a right is a wrong...." See also Section 20.
    [Show full text]