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Rapport D'information Conjoint

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Rapport D'information Conjoint N° 1493 CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE CONSTITUTION DU 4 OCTOBRE 1958 QUINZIÈME LÉGISLATURE Publication par la Chambre des communes Enregistré à la Présidence de l’Assemblée nationale le 12 décembre 2018 le 12 décembre 2018 RAPPORT D’INFORMATION CONJOINT DÉPOSÉ PAR LA COMMISSION DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE ET DES FORCES ARMÉES ET LA COMMISSION DE LA DÉFENSE DE LA CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES en conclusion des travaux d’une mission d’information conjointe (1) sur la prochaine génération de missiles anti-navires ET PRÉSENTÉ PAR MME NATALIA POUZYREFF ET M. JULIAN LEWIS M. CHARLES DE LA VERPILLIÈRE Président de la commission de la Défense de la Députés de l’Assemblée nationale de la Chambre des communes du Royaume-Uni République française —— (1) La composition de cette mission figure au verso de la présente page. Avertissement au lecteur la version qui fait foi est celle rédigée dans la langue officielle de chaque assemblée (le français pour l’Assemblée nationale et l’anglais pour la Chambre des communes) La mission d’information sur la prochaine génération de missiles anti-navires est composée de : – Mme Natalia Pouzyreff et Charles de la Verpillière, rapporteurs ; – MM. Alexis Corbière, Jean-Pierre Cubertafon, Jean-Jacques Ferrara, Jean-Christophe Lagarde, Jean-Charles Larsonneur et Stéphane Trompille, membres. La mission de la commission de la défense de la Chambre des communes est composée de : – M. Julian Lewis, président de la commission ; – Membres de la commission dont, à titre principal, M. John Spellar, M. Mark Francois, Mme Madeleine Moon and M. Gavin Robinson. — 3 — SOMMAIRE ___ Pages AVANT-PROPOS .......................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 I. LA COOPÉRATION FRANCO-BRITANNIQUE EN MATIÈRE DE DÉFENSE ... 9 II. LA COOPÉRATION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE ...................................................... 11 III. LA MISSION D’INFORMATION CONJOINTE ....................................................... 12 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : LE PROGRAMME FMAN/FMC : POURQUOI CONDUIRE UN PROGRAMME COMMUN ? ..................................................... 15 I. L’ABOUTISSEMENT D’UNE COOPÉRATION ENGAGÉE IL Y A VINGT ANS ... 15 A. RETOUR D’EXPÉRIENCE : DU COUPLE SCALP/STORM SHADOW AU FMAN/FMC ....................................................................................................... 15 B. LA RATIONALISATION DE L’INDUSTRIE MISSILIÈRE AU SERVICE DE LA COOPÉRATION FRANCO-BRITANNIQUE ......................................... 17 C. LA DÉPENDANCE MUTUELLE : FAIRE ENSEMBLE POUR FAIRE MIEUX ....................................................................................................................... 18 II. UNE LOGIQUE STRATÉGIQUE ET OPÉRATIONNELLE COMMUNE ............. 19 A. UNE CONVERGENCE D’ANALYSE DE LA SITUATION STRATÉGIQUE À L’HORIZON 2030 ................................................................................................ 20 B. DES FORCES SIMILAIRES AU SERVICE D’UNE DOCTRINE D’EMPLOI COMPARABLE .................................................................................. 21 C. UN MÊME BESOIN OPÉRATIONNEL ................................................................ 22 D. UN CALENDRIER COMPATIBLE ....................................................................... 24 III. CHANGER DE GAMME : UN ÉVENTAIL D’ÉVOLUTIONS OPÉRATIONNELLES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES POSSIBLES ............................ 25 A. L’ACCROISSEMENT DE LA PORTÉE ............................................................... 26 B. L’AMÉLIORATION DE LA SURVIVABILITÉ ..................................................... 26 C. L’INTÉGRATION DANS UN SYSTÈME DE COMBAT .................................... 28 — 4 — IV. LES ÉTAPES DANS LA CONDUITE DU PROGRAMME : UN PARI SUR LA VIGUEUR DE LA RELATION FRANCO-BRITANNIQUE ............................... 29 A. LES DÉBUTS DU PROGRAMME ONT PERMIS D’ENTREVOIR UN BESOIN OPÉRATIONNEL COMMUN ................................................................ 30 B. LES TRAVAUX EN COURS VISENT À RESSERRER LE NOMBRE DE CONCEPTS DE MISSILES À L’ÉTUDE ............................................................. 31 C. AU-DELÀ DE 2020 : L’HEURE DES CHOIX ! ................................................... 32 DEUXIÈME PARTIE : ALLER DE L’AVANT : RÉSOUDRE LES QUESTIONS EN SUSPENS ..................................................................................... 33 I. LE TROU CAPACITAIRE BRITANNIQUE EN MATIÈRE DE FRAPPE ANTI-NAVIRES ENTRE 2023 ET 2030 .................................................................... 33 A. LES CAPACITÉS ACTUELLES DU ROYAUME-UNI EN MATIÈRE DE FRAPPE ANTI-NAVIRES ...................................................................................... 33 1. Le Harpoon ............................................................................................................. 33 2. Les capacités anti-navires mises en œuvre depuis un hélicoptère .......................... 34 B. LE TROU CAPACITAIRE ...................................................................................... 35 C. COMBLER LE VIDE : REMPLIR LE TROU CAPACITAIRE OU OPTER POUR UNE SOLUTION DE LONG TERME ? ................................................... 36 1. Prolonger à nouveau la durée de vie du Harpoon ................................................... 36 2. Un « achat sur étagère » pour remplacer le Harpoon .............................................. 36 II. CONVERGER SUR LES PRINCIPALES CARACTÉRISTIQUES ATTENDUES POUR LE FUTUR MISSILE .............................................................. 40 III. LE PROCESSUS D’ACQUISITION .......................................................................... 41 IV. L’INTEROPÉRABILITÉ ............................................................................................. 43 TROISIÈME PARTIE : EN DÉFINITIVE, UN PROGRAMME PHARE AU SERVICE DES INTÉRÊTS DES DEUX PAYS ........................................... 45 I. PRÉSERVER LES SOUVERAINETÉS NATIONALES ET LA LIBERTÉ D’ACTION ...................................................................................................................... 46 II. APPROFONDIR LA RELATION BILATÉRALE DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA DÉFENSE ...................................................................................................................... 46 A. DU POINT DE VUE POLITIQUE .......................................................................... 46 B. DU POINT DE VUE OPÉRATIONNEL ................................................................ 47 III. CONTRIBUER À LA DÉFENSE DE L’EUROPE ................................................... 48 IV. CONFORTER LA BITD DES DEUX PAYS ............................................................ 48 V. RÉDUIRE LES COÛTS, RENFORCER NOTRE INFLUENCE ............................ 50 A. LE PARTAGE DU FARDEAU ............................................................................... 50 B. L’EXPORT ................................................................................................................ 51 — 5 — CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 55 EXAMEN EN COMMISSION .................................................................................... 57 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................ 77 ANNEXE 1 : AUDITIONS DE LA MISSION D’INFORMATION ................. 77 1. Liste des personnes auditionnées par les co-rapporteurs français .......................... 77 2. Liste des personnes auditionnées par la mission conjointe, 11 juillet 2018, Londres ................................................................................................................... 78 3. Liste des personnes auditionnées par la mission conjointe, 24 juillet 2018, Paris . 78 ANNEXE 2 : COMPTE RENDU DES AUDITIONS DU 24 JUILLET 2018 .. 79 1. Audition de M. Joël Barre, délégué général pour l’armement, de Mme Marie David, conseiller technique du délégué général pour l’armement, de M. l’ingénieur général de l’armement Stéphane Kammerer, directeur de l’unité management des opérations d’armement hélicoptères et missiles ......................... 79 2. Audition de l’amiral Christophe Prazuck, chef d’état-major de la marine, du contre-amiral de la marine François Moreau, sous-chef d’état-major plans programmes, du capitaine de frégate Julien Lalanne de Saint-Quentin, conseiller du chef d’état-major, du capitaine de vaisseau Dominique Caillé, responsable des liaisons parlementaires auprès du chef d’état-major de la marine ..................................................................................................................... 95 3. Audition de M. Antoine Bouvier, président-directeur général de MBDA, de M. Chris Allam, directeur général de MBDA au Royaume-Uni, de M. l’Amiral Xavier Païtard, conseiller défense du président de MBDA, de Mme Patricia Chollet, chargée des relations avec le Parlement ................................................... 110 ANNEXE 3 : GLOSSAIRE ......................................................................................... 131 — 7 — AVANT-PROPOS ● Historique et couronnée de succès, la coopération entre la France et le Royaume-Uni a pris une dimension nouvelle à la faveur des accords de Lancaster House du 2 novembre 2010. Ces accords renforcent la coopération entre nos deux pays tant sur le plan capacitaire
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