Nº 199 1957 Junio

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Nº 199 1957 Junio I?fV1514 ti A ÍI?17PI4 1/Rbi;0] p • a - fp-J H4 -r e - 2’ r ‘ JI ‘-e ‘i ‘-‘it,;1] • - • PUBLICADA POR EL MINISTERIO DEL AIR1 AÑO XVII - NUMERO 199 JUNIO 1957 freclón y Redacción: Tel, 37 27 09 - ROMERO ROBLEDO, 8 - MADRID - Adminis/ración: Tel. 37 37 08 NUESTRA PORTADA: Helicóptero Brístol Sycamo. re 171 en vuelo de pruebas antes de ser entregado al Go bierno alemán, que reciente mente ha adquirido 50 de es tos helicópteros. SUMARIO Resumen mensual. Antonio Marco Collar. 423 Preparación de la Oficialidad del Arma Aérea. Miguel Orduna, Coronel de Aviación. 427 El XXII Salón de París. 435 II Conferencia E. C. A. C. 441 Experimentación de aviones de alta velocidad. (Continuación.) Castelis Antonio Be, Comandante de Ingenieros Aeronáuticos. 446 El factor económico en las Empresas de tráfico aéreo. Villacañas González, Pedro Coronel Auditor del Aire. 458 Proyecto (le presupuesto militar americano para 1958. 45 Información Nacional. 469 Información del Extranjero. 471 El poder disuasivo: ¿efensa o ilusión? Michael Croshie. De Air Force. 483 La nueva orientación de la guerra aeronaval. D. R. E. Carnpbell. De Flight. 490 La Aviación Ligera del Ejército del Aire francés. De Les Ailes. 496 Las actividades de la Aviación Ligera del Ejército de Tierra francés en el año 1956. Les De Ailes. 498 Bibliografía. LOS CONCEPTOS EXPUESTOS EN ESTOS ARTICULOS REPRESENTAN LA OPINION PERSONAL DE SUS AUTORES Número corriente9 pesetas Suscripción semestral 45 pesetas Número atrasado... 16 — Suscripción anual90 — El Boeinç, “Boniarc 99”, abandona la rampa de lanzamiento en Patricb (Florida). Número 199 - Junio 1957 REVISTA DE AERONA UTICA RESUMEN MENSUAL Por MARCO ANTONIO COLLAR Corno a los hombres de ciencia no suele Por el contrario, bien se han cuidado esos apasionarles la música ligera, nada tiene de sabios de no decir palabra alguna acerca de extraño que no recuerden un viejo tango un peligro que podría ser muchísimo mayor cuyo estribillo, si la memoria no nos es in que el por ellos denunciado y al cual la mis- fiel, era algo así como “... y el mundo sigue Comisión de Energía Atómica americana ha andando”. De ahí que hace algún tiempo restado importancia aunque sólo sea—todo una veintena de físicos alemanes publicase hay que decirlo—para evitar que se repita un manifiesto en contra de las armas nuclea lo ocurrido en Quincy (California), en don res, y de ahí que en los Estados Unidos, de cundió el pánico como consecuencia de hace unas semanas, nada menos que “dos un caprichoso cambio de rumbo de una co :mil hombres de ciencia, dos mil”, hayan sus rriente atmosférica que arrastraba cenizas ‘crito, encabezados por el Dr. Pauling (pre radiactivas. Nos referimos a la afirmación mio Nóbel de Bioquímica y profesor del —pendiente de confirmación aún—de un CalTech o Instituto Tecnológico de Califor miembro de esa Comisión, el Dr. Lihby, en nia) un documento entre juliovernesco y f o el sentido de que se ha logrado “ya” un lletinesco denunciando el peligro de la ra arma atómica cuyos efectos se circunscribi diactividad acumulada pór las continuas rían al campo de batalla propiamente dicho, pruebas nucleares. Cabría responder a Pau siñ perjudicar a la población civil alejada ling y a sus 1.999 compañeros de campaña del mismo. Suponemos, claro está, que Lihby pues “campaña organizada” ha sido la ex se refiere al campo de batalla clásico, ya que presión utilizada por el propio Presidente considerando una guerra futura nos lo ima Eisenhower al comentar el hecho) exageran ginamos más bien abarcando una o varias do un tanto la nota, que si, como dicen, “la naciones cuando no un continente entero. radiación derivada de la acumulación de El peligro, de todo modos, es indiscutible. explosiones acortará la vida entre cinco y En efecto, ¿dónde iría a parar la paz ar diez años a un millón de personas, matará mada, única que se ha demostrado factible de leucemia a 150.000 cada año y afectará en los últimos tiempos, si tal cosa fuera ver gravemente a las generaciones futuras”, de dad? Dejémonos de historias y atengámo biera tenerse también en cuenta que, confor nos a la Historia: desde el momento en que me demuestran las estadísticas, ese millón un Jefe de Estado que se vea lo suficiente de personas tendría un promedio de vida mente acicateado por la ambición o crea lle —como consecuencia de una mejor alimen gada su “hora histórica” tenga la seguridad tación, vida más higiénica, etc.—superior de que empleando las armas nucleares no quizá en esos cinco o diez años al de sus correrá el riesgo de que el centro nervioso abuelos, que 150.000 víctimas de leucemia de su país, la capital de la nación, se vea no son gran cosa junto al número de per víctima de represalia mortal, ya que tendrá sonas que cada año mueren víctimas, por buen cuidado de no “tocar” la capital del ejemplo, de atropello en la vía pública sin país enemigo limitándose al aniquilamiento que por ello piense Gobierno alguno en pro de las “fuerzas combatientes”, ¿ quién podrá hibir el tránsito rodado, y por último, que detenerlo? ¿ O es que en el terreno político desde que el mundo es mundo lo que pueda no existen factores históricos, etnográficos, caber en suerte a las generaciones futuras demográfico o económicos que hacen que nunca preocupó demasiado a las generacio los “escrúpulos” morales no se reduzcan a nes presentes, ya que éstas intuyen que sus fin de cuentas sino a una sola realidad: el descendientes encontrarán—como sus padres miedo a la represalia? Recuerde el lector lo encontraron—medios nuevos p a r a hacer ocurrido en el pasado conflicto con los gases frente a peligros nuevos. Porque, como de (le guerra, de los cuales ambos bandos en cíamos, “el mundo sigue andando”. pugna poseían abundante y perfeccionada 423 Número 199 - Junio 1957 el criterio que debe regir es el del fin per seguido con esa guerra, fin que, eso sí, ha de ser definido y anunciado clara y cuida dosamente. Como ejemplo, agrega que lo más probable es que la guerra de Corea no se hubiera generalizado y llegado a conver tirse en conflicto mundial aunque en ella se- hubieran empleado bombas del orden de va rios “kilotones” o proyectiles atómicos de artillería, siempre y cuando las Naciones Unidas htibieran anunciado con claridad meridiana que no pensaban llevar la guerra al otro lado del Yalu; por el contrario, un solo bombardero americano que hubiera lan zado sobre Pekín unas cuantas bombas de pocos kilos, ni siquiera atómicas, tal vez hu biera bastado para provocar una conflagra ción mundial... Estas consideraciones debie ran tenerse muy en cuenta en estos (lías en los que tanto se critica y habla sobre la bom ba H británica y los ingenios dirigidos de gran alcance. Por cierto que Saundby ha manifestad& plena conformidad con la nueva política de su Gobierno en materia de defensa. El caza montando varias ametralladoras, el bombar— El proyectil dirigido Boeing IM-99 clero pesado tetramotor, el cañón de 20 mm., “Bomarc” en posición de disparo. la bomba “rompemanzanas” y tantas otras armas (le la guerra aérea, tropezaron, dice reserva... Incluso cabría discutir si sería jus sir Robert, con fuerte oposición por parte to que la muerte hubiera de cebarse exclu (le quienes las consideraban un paso en ex sivamente en el infante, el artillero o el pi ceso atrevido. “Con demasiada frecuencia loto que disparasen proyectiles nucleares —sigue diciendo—nuestros proyectos fueron sua.vizaclos para hacerlos más aceptables den “moralmente esterilizados “, en el campo de batalla, en tanto que se salvase de la quema tro del modo de pensar del momento, y casi quien en la retaguardia los fabricase, empa sin excepción tal acttiación resultó equivo quetase y enviase a primera línea. Pero no cada y se tradujo en pérdida de tiempo y es esta ocasión ni lugar para extendernos de (linero...” Por eso le parece a Saundby sobre tan interesante tema. El arma nuclear acertado que el Gobierno de S. M. haya de es un hecho y, guste o no guste, hay que cidido prescindir del bombardero supersóni aceptarla como tal, corno se aceptó el hacha co tripulado pasando directamente a empren (le sílex, la espada, el ftiego griego, la pól der el camino de los ingenios dirigidos. vora, el cañón (le avancarga y la ametralla Lord Tedder, por su parte, en su reciente dora. Lo importante es saber aprovechar (le intervención en la Cámara (le los Lores, apo bidamente sus posibilidades. yó también al Gobierno e incluso previno En realidad, como acaba de decir el Ma a la opinión del riesgo de que tanto hablar riscal del Aire sir Robert Saundhy, convie de “armas atómicas tácticas” obstaculice la ne establecer el debido (listingo entre el arma consecución del arma nuclear estratégica y y la forma en que se la utiliza. Sir Robert, definitiva. Discrepó, sin embargo, de la opi por ejemplo, no cree que la bomba (le varios nión de Saundbv en lo referente a la deci “megatones” sea el arma más idónea para sión de no continuar la labor (le desarrollo ser empleada en una “guerra limitada”. Aho de nuevos aviones después de los bombar ra bien, el concepto (le guerra limitada no deros V y los cazas P. 1, pero sólo porque depende en modo alguno, afirma el Mariscal, si bien los proyectiles dirigidos parecen ha de las armas qtie en ella se utilicen, sino que berse levantado con buen pie en la Gran 424 J’/úmero 199 - Junio 1957 REVISTA DE AERONA UTICA Bretaña, pudiera ser que su perfeccionamien rra-aire) había destruído varios blancos en to se retrasase más de lo previsto y dar lu vuelo a gran altura sobre el Atlántico.
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