a 7.90 D European & Security ES & Defence 7/2017 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: FINLAND ISSN 1617-7983 • www.euro-sd.com • Fighter Pilot Training November 2017 Norway's Defence Revival Securing Strategic Sites New focus on Arctic operations in response to Increasing terrorist threats require the revision of Russia's military build-up current protection concepts. Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology FULLY INTEGRATED C4I SOFTWARE FROM HEADQUARTERS TO THE TACTICAL EDGE www.systematic.com/sitaware Editorial A Challenge for Europe onald Trump has never made any bones bian Peninsula from escaping its influence, if Dabout his opinion of the "Joint Com- necessary making recourse to means such as prehensive Plan of Action“ (JCPOA), signed invasion (Yemen), “military support” (Bah- in July 2015 by the then US Secretary of rain) or isolation (Qatar). These power strug- State John Kerry. Aimed at reining in the gles are overlaid by the conflict between Iranian nuclear programme, President Trump “the Shiites” (led unchallenged by Iran) and describes the JCPOA as one of the “worst “the Sunnis”, a conflict that is not solely an deals” the USA has ever got itself into. This issue between states. In some of the Gulf particular utterance might perhaps not be States, including Saudi Arabia, there are sub- accorded any great significance, given that stantial Shiite populations that are suspected he has greeted other agreements by the of being Teheran’s fifth column, and who are previous administration with equally dep- discriminated against in public life. recatory remarks. However, now he is fol- Things are no longer the way they were only lowing words with action, and stepping up 20 years ago, when the autocrats sitting the pressure on the regime in Teheran, and relatively safely in the saddle were playing some of the arguments which he set out in classic power politics. Following the fall of his speech on 13 October 2017 cannot be the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, the bal- dismissed so easily. Right from the outset, ance of power in the region has shifted in critics have warned that the agreement favour of Iran. The “Arabellion“, the Arab does nothing more than gain time for Iran, Spring, however depressing its results were without any modification to its intentions. In in the end, has at least exposed how fragile fact, reintegration into the global economy the apparatus of regime power really is. could help the country get back on its feet, Sustained low oil prices rob the potentates which in turn means that it could pursue its of the means to buy social peace; beneath destructive policy from a position of greater them a demographic time bomb is ticking. economic strength and even more success- Pressure is growing from generations which fully than before. Indeed, over the past few are steadily increasing in numbers, often well years Iran has left no stone unturned in seek- educated, and no longer to be isolated from ing to build up its influence in the Middle foreign media and influence – and patently East, and in the process to stir up or exac- without a solution on the horizon as to how erbate conflicts. Shoulder to shoulder with to meet their expectations for a better life. Russia as a supporter of the Assad regime, The Kurds, too, are seeking to exploit this Iran is de facto no longer just an ally, but ever more volatile and more explosive situ- dominant over Syria. In its hybrid conduct ation, and are challenging the existing bor- of war, it services subversive and terrorist ders. Their demand for their own state is still movements, so as to destabilise Yemen for limited to their autonomous region in north- example, and to bring together the players in ern Iraq, but because the 40 million-strong the anti-Saudi game in that particular thea- population is spread over three other states tre. The desire for the destruction of Israel is too – Syria, Turkey and Iran – expectations unabated. While founded on ideological and of a domino effect run high. But support “religious” grounds, the actual geostrategic for the Kurdish leadership in Erbil from the interests of Iran would call for another policy, international community is relatively low, and one that is perhaps even contradictory. even from those whom it views as its allies: The regime in Teheran is, however, not the at present only Israel appears to be content sole unsettling factor in a region driven by with an independent Kurdish state. crisis: to the west, with the Maghreb and the The Euro-Atlantic community of states will Sahel zone, it abuts another area with which have to find a response to this potent situ- it in many respects has close bonds. For years ation, because their security interests are the focus has been on bringing down the threatened, and further escalation could “Islamic State”. Now that this grotesque par- have substantial economic consequences. ody of the historical Caliphate is steadily dis- Some seem to be placing their bets on the appearing from the map, other problems are Russians setting things to rights, even if Mos- emerging from its shadow. Some of these cow is pursuing its own aims. These bets, awaken old memories. Saudi Arabia and however, ascribe to Moscow an aptitude for Egypt are in competition for dominance in the stabilisation of critical regions for which, the “Sunni camp”. Riyadh is also trying hard regrettably, there has been no example in to prevent neighbouring states on the Ara- recorded history. Peter Bossdorf November 2017 · European Security & Defence 1 Content Alliance Ground Surveillance Urgency in the Middle East Photo: Kongsberg Photo: Northrop Grumman The new system will enhance NATO's capabilities Regional air forces are re-equipping to meet significantly. Page 40 escalating security threats. Page 91 SECURITY POLICY 44 "We need to have the new F-110 frigates by 2023 or 2024." 10 Norway’s Defence Revival Interview with Admiral Teodoro López Calderón, Stephen Blank Chief of Staff, Spanish Navy 16 Protecting the 5th Republic The French Internal Security Challenge 48 Italy’s 2017 Defence Budget and the 2017-2019 David Saw Planning Document Luca Peruzzi 20 Deadlock in the Caucasus EU´s Engagement with Abkhazia Needs a New Boost 52 Challenges in Thailand Jan Blinka David Saw COUNTRY FOCUS: FINLAND ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 24 Strengthening the Pillars of Security and Defence 57 Last Line of Defence Finland’s Policy in a New Environment The Market for Aircraft Self-Protection Teija Tiilikainen Georg Mader 28 Finland's Defence Today and Tomorrow 63 KC-46 PEGASUS Status Report Jarmo Lindberg Sidney E. Dean 34 "We are following the European directives strictly." 66 Fighter Pilot Training Interview with General (retd.) Raimo Jyväsjärvi, William Carter National Armaments Director and Director General, 70 Securing Strategic Sites Resource Policy Department, MoD Finland Tamir Eshel 36 "We wish to maintain our operational 74 Calming the Storm independency in all situations." Equipment for Riot Control Interview with Lieutenant General Kyösti Halonen, Deputy Doug Richardson Chief of Staff, Logistics and Armament, Finnish Defence Forces 79 CBRN Training and Simulation Dan Kaszeta 38 The Finnish Defence Industrial Base Capabilities and Perspectives 82 Technology Driving Increased Simulation Fidelity Tuija Karanko Trevor Nash ARMED FORCES INDUSTRY & MARKETS 40 Alliance Ground Surveillance 85 Danish Defence Industry 2017 Camille Grand Jørgen Bo Leimand 91 Urgency in the Middle East Regional Air Forces Are Re-equipping Alan Warnes 2 European Security & Defence · November 2017 94 "We continue to invest in the finest technical Index of Advertisers minds to develop new solutions" Interview with Alex Hooper, Vice President Global Sales & Bittium 31 Business Development, Revision Military boger electronics 41 96 Business Perspectives for European Defence Industry in Latin America Ceska zbrojovka a.s. (CZ) 3rd cover Harry Campbell 100 Virtual and Live Firing Under One Roof Enforce Tac 9 Interview with Michael Paulk, Director of Virtual Systems, ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH 67 Meggitt Training Systems Eurosatory 33 VIEWPOINT FROM … Eurofighter 27 15 Oslo Eurojet 29 Bjørn Domaas Josefsen 23 Berlin EXPAL 11 Wolfgang Labuhn GPEC 101 KADEX 90 THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP 46 Coping with the Rocket Man: Kallman 51 US and EU Approaches Joris Verbeurgt Lockheed Martin 4th cover Miltech Hellas 3 MARKETING REPORT Rafael 71 88 Danish Cooperation Led to International Success Revision 5 Systematic A/S Robonic 35 COLUMNS Sensonor 59 SOFEX 22 1 Editorial 4 Periscope Systematic 2nd cover 99 Masthead WB Group 7 102 Firms & Faces 104 Preview 眀眀眀⸀洀椀氀琀攀挀栀⸀最爀 礀漀甀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 瘀椀攀眀 Periscope The Netherlands to Buy aircraft form the backbone of the UK’s AIM-120 C-7 Advanced AIRSEEKER capability, providing intel- Photo: IAI Medium Range Air-to-Air ligence, surveillance and reconnaissance Missile (AMRAAM) (ISR) resources in support of global secu- (ck) The US State Department has ap- rity missions. Upon touchdown at RAF proved the sale to the Netherlands of 26 Waddington, Lincolnshire, UK, the aircraft AIM-120 C-7 Advanced Medium Range was formally transferred to the RAF, com- Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), one AM- pleting hardware deliveries under an FMS RAAM Guidance Section Spare (MDE contract valued at approximately US$1Bn. items), 20 AMRAAM Captive Air Training Taken together, the UK RJ and USAF RJ Missiles (CATM), missile containers, control helicopter with a payload of 100-180 kg, aircraft form a combined fleet of 20 air- section spares, weapon systems support, flight time of two hours and speed of up craft, and L3 will perform future baseline test equipment, spare and repair parts, to 120 km/h. The AIR HOPPER runs on an upgrades and periodic depot maintenance publications and technical documentation, internal combustion engine which uses on the fleet.