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DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTER IN THE MARKET RESPONSE TO MERGER ANNOUNCEMENTS? Evidence from the U.S. and Germany Paul Lowengrub,a Torsten Luedecke,b and Michael Melvinc April 2004 ________________________________________________________________________ German executives can make misleading statements regarding merger activities while U.S. executives must either state “no comment” or provide a truthful statement. Do these differences in corporate governance standards cause differences in the market response to merger announcements? A sample of German and U.S. firms that announced acquisition plans between 1995 and 1999 suggests that for smaller firms, merger news has no significant impact on cumulative abnormal returns for German firms but a significant positive impact for U.S. firms. Large German firms, however, have similar experiences to large U.S. firms, as do German firms listed on a U.S. stock exchange, which require greater disclosure requirements. Aside from the smaller-firm effect, the evidence is consistent with no price-relevant differences arising from the differences in corporate governance rules. JEL Classification: G34 _______________________________________________________________________ aCapAnalysis, Washington, D.C., USA bUniversity of Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe, Germany cArizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA 1 DOES CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTER IN THE MARKET RESPONSE TO MERGER ANNOUNCEMENTS? Evidence from the U.S. and Germany I. INTRODUCTION This paper addresses the following question: Does the market response to a merger announcement depend upon the regulations applying to corporate disclosure? Cross-country differences in securities laws and enforcement result in countries where firm executives must answer public questions about merger talks truthfully or else offer “no comment” while in other countries it is possible to make statements that the public may view as misleading. -
Design Innovation Unrivaled Experience Proven
ChartLNGIcover-9-15-OP.pdf 1 9/9/2015 3:32:28 PM LN G INDUSTRY | October 2015 October 2015 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K DESIGN INNOVATION UNRIVALED EXPERIENCE www. PROVEN PERFORMANCE lngindustry .com ENERGY for life “The light and energy of Seoul ignites great ideas.” Mina Cheon - Artist Energy powers our world, it enriches our lives. Korean artist Mina Cheon uses energy as an inspiration for her art. It fuels her imagination. RasGas provides clean, reliable energy for Qatar and the world. Energy for Life. South Korea RG_KoreaA3E-Adi.indd 2 9/15/15 12:12 PM ENERGY for life “The light and energy of Seoul ignites great ideas.” Mina Cheon - Artist Energy powers our world, it enriches our lives. Korean artist Mina Cheon uses energy as an inspiration for her art. It fuels her imagination. RasGas provides clean, reliable energy for Qatar and the world. Energy for Life. South Korea RG_KoreaA3E-Adi.indd 2 9/15/15 12:12 PM Modular, scalable, cleaner energy. Fueling the future of natural gas. A skid-mounted, plug-n-play natural gas liquefaction plant that provides a cleaner more abundant LNG fuel source for remote locations. GE’s small scale LNG plants mean faster commissioning times and reduced installation costs. Imagination at work. www.geoilandgas.com/smallscalelng ISSN 1747-1826 CONTENTS2015 OCTOBER 05 Comment 81 A helpful tool 07 LNG news Bjarte Lund, Kyma a.s, Norway, introduces a software module to help optimise the efficiency on DFDE LNG carriers. 14 Looking for growth 87 Working together Mike Johnston, T.A. -
IJBEM-2017-4(4)-82-94.Pdf
International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 2017 Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 82-94 ISSN(e): 2312-0916 ISSN(p): 2312-5772 DOI: 10.18488/journal.62.2017.44.82.94 © 2017 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. IMPLICATIONS OF ACCOUNTANTS’ UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR AND CORPORATE FAILURES Udeme Enobong 1Faculty of Social and Management Sciences Department of Accounting Eshiet1 Akwa Ibom State University Obio Akpa Campus Akwa Ibom State Nigeria ABSTRACT Article History Purpose/objective: Emphasis on short term profit and share prices as criteria for the Received: 19 November 2015 determination of business success have led to attrition of stakeholder trust and Revised: 23 June 2016 Accepted: 22 March 2017 unlocked the doors for unethical conducts by professional accountants. Acceptable Published: 3 August 2017 ethics and encounters of accountants are very critical in the global market place. This study was undertaken to advocate high ethical practices by accountants to protect the interest of the stakeholders. Methodology/approach: A literature review of fifteen Keywords scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles on corporate scandals caused by unethical Accounting profession behaviors of corporate leaders and accountants. Findings: (1) Unethical practiced by Accountants Corporate failures accountants have unintended consequences globally; (2) The accounting profession has Ethics suffered severe image damages as a result of unethical behaviors by corrupt Reorganization Tyco international accountants; (3) Unethical behaviors by accountants significantly contributed to the Stakeholders. global corporate scandals, the Nigerian banking sector reorganization, and the extinction of some global companies from 2002 - 2009; (4) With the right corrective measures, organizations plagued with scandals can survive ethical challenges; (5) Audit committees oversight functions are critical in preventing corporate scandals; (6) (Un) ethical behaviors by professional accountants, organizational leaders is a tenable leadership theory. -
Does Economics and Business Education Wash Away Moral Judgment Competence?
J Bus Ethics DOI 10.1007/s10551-016-3142-6 Does Economics and Business Education Wash Away Moral Judgment Competence? 1 1 2 Katrin Hummel • Dieter Pfaff • Katja Rost Received: 30 October 2015 / Accepted: 21 March 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract In view of the numerous accounting and cor- Keywords Economics and business education Á Moral porate scandals associated with various forms of moral judgment competence Á Moral reasoning Á Self-selection misconduct and the recent financial crisis, economics and effect Á Treatment effect business programs are often accused of actively con- tributing to the amoral decision making of their graduates. Abbreviations It is argued that theories and ideas taught at universities CMD Cognitive moral development engender moral misbehavior among some managers, as DIT Defining issues test these theories mainly focus on the primacy of profit-max- MJC Moral judgment competence imization and typically neglect the ethical and moral MCT Moral competence test dimensions of decision making. To investigate this criti- cism, two overlapping effects must be disentangled: the self-selection effect and the treatment effect. Drawing on Introduction the concept of moral judgment competence, we empirically examine this question with a sample of 1773 bachelor’s The recent economic and financial crisis as well as and 501 master’s students. Our results reveal that there is accounting and corporate scandals over the last decades neither a self-selection nor a treatment effect for economics such as Enron (2001), WorldCom (2002), Global Crossing/ and business studies. Moreover, our results indicate that— Qwest (2002), Merck & Co. (2002), AOL Time Warner regardless of the course of studies—university education in (2002), Tyco International (2002), Computer Associates general does not seem to foster students’ moral (2004), Swissair (2001), Ahold (2003), YLine (2003), development. -
The Pattern of Fraudulent Accounting : Ethics, External Auditing and Internal Whistle-Blowing Process
Journal of Governance and Regulation / Volume 5, Issue 4, 2016 THE PATTERN OF FRAUDULENT ACCOUNTING : ETHICS, EXTERNAL AUDITING AND INTERNAL WHISTLE-BLOWING PROCESS Loredana Ferri Di Fabrizio * * University “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy Abstract How to cite this paper: Ferri Di The ongoing debate in the literature centres on the compromised Fabrizio, L., (2017). The Pattern Of auditor’s independence in consequence of the relevant provisions Fraudulent Accounting : Ethics, External Auditing And Internal Whistle-Blowing perceived for non-audit services provided to the audited clients. Process. Journal of Governance and The accounting scandals that have occurred over the past two Regulation, 6(1), 12-25. decades show the lack of competence and independence of external http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i1_p2 auditors, who kept quite in the face of attempted frauds. The case Copyright © 2017 The Author of Tesco represents an undeniable example of the loss of auditor’s independence, who failed to detect accounting manipulation This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial confirming the importance of whistle-blowing procedures in 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) disclosing concerns before they become serious problems. When http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b turnover occurs in CEOs it is more likely that a rotation in external y-nc/4.0/ auditors occurs as well. Finally, changes in top management enable ISSN Online: 2220-9352 whistle-blowing actions to be successful, interrupting the ISSN Print: 2306-6784 organization’s dependence on serious wrongdoings and preventing Received: 26.11.2016 a disastrous ending. The success of whistle-blowing in preventing Accepted: 20.12.2016 company failure makes it an effective instrument of сorporate пovernance. -
Maersk Sustainability Report 2014
A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S Sustainability Repor t 2014 3 CONTENTS Overview Unlocking Responsible Assurance and growth conduct performance data Introduction Enabling trade Workplace and Data 04 This is Maersk 10 Unlocking trade growth human rights 38 Performance on social, 05 Foreword by the CEO and opportunities for 18 How we integrate environmental and economic development human rights economic indicators Governance 20 Safety is a and materiality Measuring our continued priority Assurance 06 How we govern and report impacts on society 24 Developing a diverse 40 Independent on material issues 12 Understanding talent pipeline assurance report the impacts of trade 26 Working to ensure over- Delivering on our sight and consistency in sustainability strategy Climate change global labour relations 2014–2018 and energy efficiency 08 Our sustainability 14 Decoupling trade growth Environmental strategy from CO2 emissions performance 09 Group performance 28 Reducing our highlights Investing in education environmental impacts 16 Lifting local skills and 30 Mitigating oil spills development Promoting responsible business practices 31 Fighting corrupt behaviour and demands 34 Zooming in on critical suppliers 36 A responsible approach to tax Our approach to reporting Following G4 Sustainability Web-based sustainability reporting How we report on progress Reporting Guidelines The report covers all of the Maersk Throughout this publication, we report on Maersk uses the Global Reporting Initi- Group’s material sustainability issues. the progress made against targets and ative’s (GRI) G4 Sustainability Reporting In some places, references are made ambitions using the following categories: Guidelines to determine content and to further background information on quality in terms of materiality, stake- www.maersk.com. -
Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals
Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Standards Michael Jones University of Bristol [email protected] 1 Overview • Based on Book: Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals • Investigates nature of creative accounting and fraud • Examines history of accounting scandals • Looks at creative accounting, fraud and accounting scandals in 13 countries worldwide • Focus on political aspects 2 Creative Accounting 3 Two Quotes “How do you explain to an intelligent public that it is possible for two companies in the same industry to follow entirely different accounting principles and both get a true and fair audit report?” M. Lafferty “Every company in the country is fiddling its profits”. I. Griffiths 4 Definitions 1. Fair Presentation Using the flexibility within accounting to give a true and fair picture of the accounts so that they serve the interests of users 5 Definitions 2. Creative Accounting Using the flexibility within accounting to manage the measurement and presentation of the accounts so that they serve the interests of preparers 6 Definitions 3. Impression Management Using the flexibility of the accounts (especially narrative and graphs) to convey a more favourable view than is warranted of a company’s results serving the interests of preparers 7 Definitions 4. Fraud Stepping outside the Regulatory Framework deliberately to give a false picture of the accounts 8 Definitions No Flexibility to give Flexibility to Flexibility to Flexibility a “true and fair“ give a give a view creative view fraudulent view Regulatory Working within Working within Working framework regulatory regulatory framework outside eliminates framework to ensure to serve preparer’s regulatory accounting choice users’ interests interests framework Within regulatory framework Outside regulatory framework 9 Managerial Motivation 1. -
Process, Not Structure: an Organizational Behavior
SHARPE - JCI.DOC (DO NOT DELETE) 3/28/2012 8:12 PM ARTICLES PROCESS OVER STRUCTURE: AN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR APPROACH TO IMPROVING CORPORATE BOARDS NICOLA FAITH SHARPE* ABSTRACT History has shown that the scholarly and regulatory focus on board composition and structure is a dangerously incomplete solution to the problems that have caused recent corporate failures. The media and corporate scholars have assigned much of the blame for the 2008 financial crisis and the Enron-era corporate scandals to corporate boards. The conventional diagnosis of these ills is that boards were largely at fault because they failed to effectively monitor corporate officers. Unfortunately the conventional diagnosis of the problem is incomplete and the policy prescriptions flowing from this faulty diagnosis are unlikely to address the very real problems that continue to plague corporate governance. * Associate Professor of Law and Richard W. and Marie L. Corman Scholar, University of Illinois College of Law. J.D., Yale University, M.B.A., Yale University, B.A. Cornell University. Email: [email protected]. © 2012 Nicola Faith Sharpe. For helpful comments and suggestions, I am grateful to Michael Abramowicz, Jena Martin Amerson, Lisa Fairfax, George Geis, Patrick Keenan, Donald Langevoort, Larry Ribstein, Usha Rodrigues, Arden Rowell, Jamelle Sharpe, Lynn Stout, Suja Thomas, Cindy Williams, and participants in the faculty workshops at the George Washington University Law School Center for Law, Economic, and Finance, Northwestern University School of Law, the University of Illinois College of Law, and Washington University in St. Louis School of Law. I would also like to thank participants in the Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Notre Dame Law School faculty workshops at which I presented some of the ideas found in this Article. -
In-House Communitytm of IN-HOUSE LEGAL & COMPLIANCE PROFESSIONALS ALONG the NEW SILK ROAD (ASIA-MENA)
In-House CommunityTM OF IN-HOUSE LEGAL & COMPLIANCE PROFESSIONALS ALONG THE NEW SILK ROAD (ASIA-MENA) Annual Report Q1 – 2016 www.inhousecommunity.com TM In-House Community Annual Report Q1 – 2016 “The In-House Community™ provides a unique combination of best practice sharing, networking, news and technical updates that all practitioners need in order to meet the competing pressures of legal coverage, compliance & commerce. The In-House Community™ empowers the modern lawyer to work smarter and become a trusted business partner” Trevor Faure, Global Adviser, Legal Transformation Former General Counsel, Ernst & Young Global, Tyco International, Dell & Apple EMEA Author of “The Smarter Legal Model: more from less” “Through the In-House Congress series, ASIAN-MENA COUNSEL’s In-House Community provides a home for senior in-house counsel. I am proud to call myself a member of this community” Evangelos Apostolou, President, EMEA SirionLabs, ex-General Counsel, Asia-Pacific, and Partner, Ernst & Young and ex-General Counsel, Asia-Pacific, British Telecom 2 Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................4 Breakdown of the In-House CommunityTM ..........................................................6 Growth of the Community .....................................................................................7 Community Forums ............................................................................................. 8-9 Corporate Credo ....................................................................................................13 -
People. Passion . Power
PEOPLE. PASSION. POWER. A Special Edition Generations People, passion, and power When you set out to write a book, you should always know why. Writing a book is a big job, especially when there is a big story to tell, like the one of innovation in ABB’s marine and ports business. When we decided to produce a spe- is our motivation, and the catalyst to cial edition of our annual publication growth in our industry. Generations, it was to acknowledge Though we live and work on the customers who have served as the leading edge, we recognise that our inspiration, to share the ABB spirit lessons learned along the way have of striving to learn, develop and innov- formed the foundation for ABB’s ate, but also to say thank you to the current success. By sharing these people who have worked to make our lessons, we hope to raise the under- success possible. standing of our unique approach to Innovation can be defined as marine and ports innovation. The mar- something original and more effective ine and ports segment also reflects and, as a consequence, something ABB’s corporate history, with its roots new that ‘breaks into’ the market. in the national industrial conglomer- Innovation can be viewed as the ap- ates of four countries, merging and plication of better solutions that meet emerging with the goal of becoming new requirements or market needs. ‘One ABB’. This is achieved through more effect- We hope you enjoy reading about ive products, processes, services, the remarkable people of ABB’s mar- technologies, and ideas. -
LNG Unlimited 24 Jan Layout 1
LNG Unlimited LNG JOURNAL PUBLICATION 24 January 2017 Woodside boosted by LNG prices and UNLIMITED pending revenues from Wheatstone AGENDA First LNG from FUELLING processing Train at Chevron-led project German group is due in mid-year Siemens given Our Asia-Pacific editor LNG fuel market boost in Marcellus Woodside Petroleum, the Aus- 2 tralian operator of liquefied natu- EXPORTS ral gas plants, reported record fourth-quarter production and also Cove Point project said commissioning had started at now has over 2,500 workers the Wheatstone LNG joint venture on site to finish onshore Western Australia where it is a stakeholder. 3 “The Wheatstone project is ap- Latest Australian plant is located in isolated Pilbara region EXECUTIVES proaching LNG Train 1 construc- tion completion, all modules are of oil prices in the second half cated near Onslow, in the Pilbara Vancouver-based on-site and final hook-up and com- of 2016. region. The feed-gas comes from Steelhead takes missioning has commenced,” said Prices for the North West Shelf the Wheatstone, Iago, Julimar and serious step forward Woodside Chief Executive Peter plant rose by 17 percent and by 4 Brunello gas fields. with LNG hirings Coleman in Woodside’s fourth- percent at its single-Train Pluto Woodside joined the project in 5 quarter earnings report. LNG plant. 2015 when it completed the acqui- “The First LNG from Train 1 is Woodside said its NWS plant sition of 65 percent stakes in the IMPORTS expected in mid-2017 and from prices amounted to US$6.20 per Julimar and Brunello gas fields as- India is hoping Train 2 six to eight months later,” million British thermal units in De- sets from Apache Corp of the US. -
Tyco International 2009 Annual Report
TYCO INTERNATIONAL 2009 ANNUAL REPORT I RELY. “I rely on SimplexGrinnell to be our partner in life safety. Our relationship is built on mutual respect and trust. The SimplexGrinnell team combines the technical excellence we need with outstanding customer service.” MIchAEL McGOVERN DEPUTY CHIEF FOR INSPECTION AND CODE ENFORCEMENT UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTIcuT FIRE DEPARTMENT ON THE COVER University of Connecticut students make their way to class on the main campus. From its humble beginnings in 1881 as a highest percentages of students living on school of agriculture, the University of campus of any public university in the U.S. Connecticut (UConn) has developed into In fact, more than 70 percent of undergraduate a leading public university with a diverse students at the main Storrs campus reside student body and faculty from all corners in university-owned buildings. Each of these of the world. Today, UConn—with a main 114 residential facilities is equipped with campus in rural Storrs, five regional advanced fire detection technology and fire campuses, Health Center, School of Law, sprinklers. and School of Social Work—has a combined SimplexGrinnell has a long-standing enrollment of nearly 30,000 students. relationship with UConn, having provided the university with fire and life-safety systems FIRE since the 1980s. During this time, UConn PROTECTION Over the last decade, the university has come to rely on SimplexGrinnell as a carried out a major building construction single-source provider of fire alarm, fire program to modernize facilities, boost student sprinkler, fire suppression, and emergency enrollment and support its commitment to communications systems and services.