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BYZANTINE CAMEOS and the AESTHETICS of the ICON By
BYZANTINE CAMEOS AND THE AESTHETICS OF THE ICON by James A. Magruder, III A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2014 © 2014 James A. Magruder, III All rights reserved Abstract Byzantine icons have attracted artists and art historians to what they saw as the flat style of large painted panels. They tend to understand this flatness as a repudiation of the Classical priority to represent Nature and an affirmation of otherworldly spirituality. However, many extant sacred portraits from the Byzantine period were executed in relief in precious materials, such as gemstones, ivory or gold. Byzantine writers describe contemporary icons as lifelike, sometimes even coming to life with divine power. The question is what Byzantine Christians hoped to represent by crafting small icons in precious materials, specifically cameos. The dissertation catalogs and analyzes Byzantine cameos from the end of Iconoclasm (843) until the fall of Constantinople (1453). They have not received comprehensive treatment before, but since they represent saints in iconic poses, they provide a good corpus of icons comparable to icons in other media. Their durability and the difficulty of reworking them also makes them a particularly faithful record of Byzantine priorities regarding the icon as a genre. In addition, the dissertation surveys theological texts that comment on or illustrate stone to understand what role the materiality of Byzantine cameos played in choosing stone relief for icons. Finally, it examines Byzantine epigrams written about or for icons to define the terms that shaped icon production. -
The Stamps of the Duchy of Modena
Philatelic Весом» Handbooks. No. 2. The Stamps of the Duchy of Modena AND THE Modenese Provinces. BY DR. EMILIO DIENA. P r ice f iv e Sh illin g s. Q ibfaňbtm £mået>wvst. PHILATELIC SECTION Philatelic Record Handbooks. No. 2. The Stamps of the Duchy of Modena AND THE Modenese Provinces. BY DR. EMILIO DIENA. P rice F iv e Sh illin g s. The Stamps OF THE Duchy of Modena AND THE MODENESE PROVINCES WITH THE Foreign Newspaper Tax Stamps of the Duchy BY Dr. EMILIO DIENA ~~r WITH SEVEN PLATES OF ILLUSTRATIONS emberit : PRINTED BY TRUSLOVE AND BRAY, LIMITED, WEST NORWOOD, S.E, L ů o ' N publishing an English version of the well- I known treatise on the Stamps of Modena by Dr. Emilio Diena, the proprietors of the Philatelic Record desire to express their sincere thanks to the author for his careful revision of the transla tion, as well as for sundry additions which do not appear in the original text. It is believed that the work now contains all information upon the subject available up to the present time. Manchester, November, 1905. PREFACE. OR some years I have wished to publish a treatise dealing specially with the stamps of Modena, based not onfy on the F decrees and postal regulations, but also upon an examination of the official documents and the registers of the Administration. At first the scarcity of information and afterwards the want of time to examine and arrange the material collected have prevented me from carrying out this scheme until the present time. -
Byzantium's Balkan Frontier
This page intentionally left blank Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier is the first narrative history in English of the northern Balkans in the tenth to twelfth centuries. Where pre- vious histories have been concerned principally with the medieval history of distinct and autonomous Balkan nations, this study regards Byzantine political authority as a unifying factor in the various lands which formed the empire’s frontier in the north and west. It takes as its central concern Byzantine relations with all Slavic and non-Slavic peoples – including the Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians and Hungarians – in and beyond the Balkan Peninsula, and explores in detail imperial responses, first to the migrations of nomadic peoples, and subsequently to the expansion of Latin Christendom. It also examines the changing conception of the frontier in Byzantine thought and literature through the middle Byzantine period. is British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow, Keble College, Oxford BYZANTIUM’S BALKAN FRONTIER A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, – PAUL STEPHENSON British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow Keble College, Oxford The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Paul Stephenson 2004 First published in printed format 2000 ISBN 0-511-03402-4 eBook (Adobe Reader) ISBN 0-521-77017-3 hardback Contents List ofmaps and figurespagevi Prefacevii A note on citation and transliterationix List ofabbreviationsxi Introduction .Bulgaria and beyond:the Northern Balkans (c.–) .The Byzantine occupation ofBulgaria (–) .Northern nomads (–) .Southern Slavs (–) .The rise ofthe west,I:Normans and Crusaders (–) . -
A British Reflection: the Relationship Between Dante's Comedy and The
A British Reflection: the Relationship between Dante’s Comedy and the Italian Fascist Movement and Regime during the 1920s and 1930s with references to the Risorgimento. Keon Esky A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. University of Sydney 2016 KEON ESKY Fig. 1 Raffaello Sanzio, ‘La Disputa’ (detail) 1510-11, Fresco - Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican. KEON ESKY ii I dedicate this thesis to my late father who would have wanted me to embark on such a journey, and to my partner who with patience and love has never stopped believing that I could do it. KEON ESKY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis owes a debt of gratitude to many people in many different countries, and indeed continents. They have all contributed in various measures to the completion of this endeavour. However, this study is deeply indebted first and foremost to my supervisor Dr. Francesco Borghesi. Without his assistance throughout these many years, this thesis would not have been possible. For his support, patience, motivation, and vast knowledge I shall be forever thankful. He truly was my Virgil. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the whole Department of Italian Studies at the University of Sydney, who have patiently worked with me and assisted me when I needed it. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Rubino and the rest of the committees that in the years have formed the panel for the Annual Reviews for their insightful comments and encouragement, but equally for their firm questioning, which helped me widening the scope of my research and accept other perspectives. -
Man and Nature
Man and Nature By George P. Marsh Man And Nature CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. NATURAL ADVANTAGES OF THE TERRITORY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE—PHYSICAL DECAY OF THAT TERRITORY AND OF OTHER PARTS OF THE OLD WORLD—CAUSES OF THE DECAY—NEW SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHERS—REACTION OF MAN UPON NATURE— OBSERVATION OF NATURE—COSMICAL AND GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCES—GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE OF MAN— UNCERTAINTY OF OUR METEOROLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE— MECHANICAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY MAN ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH—IMPORTANCE AND POSSIBILITY OF PHYSICAL RESTORATION—STABILITY OF NATURE—RESTORATION OF DISTURBED HARMONIES—DESTRUCTIVENESS OF MAN—PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENT—HUMAN AND BRUTE ACTION COMPARED— FORMS AND FORMATIONS MOST LIABLE TO PHYSICAL DEGRADATION—PHYSICAL DECAY OF NEW COUNTRIES— CORRUPT INFLUENCE OF PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. Natural Advantages of the Territory of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire, at the period of its greatest expansion, comprised the regions of the earth most distinguished by a happy combination of physical advantages. The provinces bordering on the principal and the secondary basins of the Mediterranean enjoyed a healthfulness and an equability of climate, a fertility of soil, a variety of vegetable and mineral products, and natural facilities for the transportation and distribution of exchangeable commodities, which have not been possessed in an equal degree by any territory of like extent in the Old World or the New. The abundance of the land and of the waters adequately supplied every material want, ministered liberally to every sensuous enjoyment. Gold and silver, indeed, were not found in the profusion which has proved so baneful to the industry of lands richer in veins of the precious metals; but mines and river beds yielded them in the spare measure most favorable to stability of value in the medium of exchange, and, consequently, to the regularity of commercial transactions. -
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New YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, MAT ?, ^-TRIPLE SHEET. 3 - - .. i i more lethargy. But new that Ptodwont hu into Um dominions of whilst ihe Mne force end value m If H were In In the wWe* shall ala*-' hi considered it ebtifcbM, fcfc,vl« and (Siritibl* fr.t Ivnn, atton meat, Viatra, hoi not ..r immr Merely InioMM the fol'twtog urtldo, (be wh'iie in wiib ibo law* of tlu proved, by tbe regular and wtae eierdae of fraadmn, that Um of Um Awnnid present artlolo. riin'omtty ration m of and tor lieeoo u, uoa powtr retiming oomplinent. MU»Mth or «mh, 1M0, mi * »P»W1 h hfr owty of substitution all the other cutties of th .<iriur.it' to wlue.li are a* well a» it* Italian wormy sign »" ink Article »a. The prortaees ud Fnieigny, M,| "to moons ol this ibey Hu'Je-ded, » n>' atlad or io« ca of ovt u » Northern Italy, including Kitiguom nf dardlau »nc ;wr, of Bavoy to of P»r« abah be tntlnUiuid and regirdei m ab lM> military regwUtiMil aod the nup-mo chvge in..', i< viut. K.rope A iut> uut«j uf hi aOMMon the llaine o:' ell the territory tr^ northward of Ugine. said tieuty lie -de »tne wdb ibo bravest nut one of tin W..gt,»he h .* he Austrian 1 Itie Imnbirdo Vonitiu never laea.'rec.iin, to Uto of e on the two courts. referred to lire govern noma relative to '.be object* Of by provinces."alio 10 m more r , ut u is caone. -
The World View of the Anonymous Author of the Greek Chronicle of the Tocco
THE WORLD VIEW OF THE ANONYMOUS AUTHOR OF THE GREEK CHRONICLE OF THE TOCCO (14th-15th centuries) by THEKLA SANSARIDOU-HENDRICKX THESIS submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF ARTS in GREEK in the FACULTY OF ARTS at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY PROMOTER: DR F. BREDENKAMP JOHANNESBURG NOVEMBER 2000 EFACE When I began with my studies at the Rand Afrikaans University, and when later on I started teaching Modern Greek in the Department of Greek and Latin Studies, I experienced the thrill of joy and the excitement which academic studies and research can provide to its students and scholars. These opportunities finally allowed me to write my doctoral thesis on the world view of the anonymous author of the Greek Chronicle of the Tocco. I wish to thank all persons who have supported me while writing this study. Firstly, my gratitude goes to Dr Francois Bredenkamp, who not only has guided me throughout my research, but who has always been available for me with sound advice. His solid knowledge and large experience in the field of post-classical Greek Studies has helped me in tackling Byzantine Studies from a mixed, historical and anthropological view point. I also wish to render thanks to my colleagues, especially in the Modern Greek Section, who encouraged me to continue my studies and research. 1 am indebted to Prof. W.J. Henderson, who has corrected my English. Any remaining mistakes in the text are mine. Last but not least, my husband, Prof. B. Hendrickx, deserves my profound gratitude for his patience, encouragement and continuous support. -
Ai Margini Dell'impero. Potere E Aristocrazia a Trebisonda E in Epiro
Università del Piemonte Orientale Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Dottorato di ricerca in ‘Linguaggi, storia e istituzioni’, curriculum storico Coordinatore: Referente per il curriculum: Ch.mo Prof. Claudio Marazzini Ch.mo Prof. Claudio Rosso Anno Accademico 2016/2017, XXIX ciclo Ai margini dell’Impero. Potere e aristocrazia a Trebisonda e in Epiro nel basso medioevo Tesi di dottorato in storia medievale, SSD M-STO/01 Tutor: Candidato: Ch.ma Prof.sa Germana Gandino Dott. Marco Fasolio 1 Indice Introduzione, p. 5 Per un profilo storico dell’aristocrazia bizantina, p. 11 Il dibattito storiografico, p. 22 1. Affari di famiglie. Trebisonda e il Ponto da Basilio II il Bulgaroctono alla quarta crociata, p. 45 1.1 Cenni storico-geografici su Trebisonda e la Chaldia, p. 45 1.2 Potere e aristocrazia in Chaldia prima della battaglia di Manzicerta, p. 48 1.3 Da Teodoro Gabras ad Andronico Comneno: l’alba del particolarismo pontico, p. 73 1.3.1 I primi Gabras, p. 74 1.3.2 Il progenitore dell’autonomia ponitca: Teodoro Gabras e il suo tempo, p. 79 1.3.3 I discendenti di Teodoro Gabras tra potere locale, servizio imperiale e intese con i Turchi, p. 93 1.3.4 Da principi armeni a magnati pontici, il caso dei Taroniti, p. 110 1.3.5 La Chaldia dopo Costantino Gabras: i Comneni e il ritorno dell’Impero, p. 123 1.4 Potere e aristocrazia nel Ponto prima del 1204: uno sguardo d’insieme, p. 135 2. Un covo di ribelli e di traditori. L’Epiro e le isole ionie tra l’XI secolo e il 1204, p. -
“Talk” on Albanian Territories (1392–1402)
Doctoral Dissertation A Model to Decode Venetian Senate Deliberations: Pregadi “Talk” on Albanian Territories (1392–1402) By: Grabiela Rojas Molina Supervisors: Gerhard Jaritz and Katalin Szende Submitted to the Medieval Studies Department Central European University, Budapest In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medieval Studies, Budapest, Hungary 2020 CEU eTD Collection To my parents CEU eTD Collection Table of Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. 1 List of Maps, Charts and Tables .......................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 A Survey of the Scholarship ........................................................................................................................... 8 a) The Myth of Venice ........................................................................................................................... 8 b) The Humanistic Outlook .................................................................................................................. 11 c) Chronicles, Histories and Diaries ..................................................................................................... 14 d) Albania as a Field of Study ............................................................................................................. -
Did the Loss of Anatolia in the 11Th Century Leave a Trace in Family Names? Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ1*+
E-ISSN: 2564-680X Haziran 2021 / June 2021 Yıl 4, Sayı 1 / Year 4, Issue 1 ATIF BİLGİSİ / REFERENCE INFORMATION ÇİFTÇİ, Sait Emre, “11. Yüzyılda Anadolu’nun Kaybı Aile Antroponimisinde İzler Bıraktı Mı?” Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, IV/I, Haziran 2021, s. 126-132. Makale Türü: Tarih Çeviri DOI No: Geliş Tarihi / Received: 10 Kasım/November 2020 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 18 Nisan/April 2020 Online Yayın: 26 Haziran 2021 Published Online: 26 June 2021 11. Yüzyılda Anadolu’nun Kaybı Aile Antroponimisinde İzler Bıraktı Mı? Did the Loss of Anatolia in the 11th Century Leave a Trace in Family Names? Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ1*+ 1 Arş. Gör., Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, BİTLİS. * [email protected] +ORCID: 0000-0002-2685-1714 Jean-Claude Cheynet, La perte de l’Asie Mineure au xie siècle a-t-elle laissé des traces dans l’anthroponymie familiale?, Studies in Byzantine Sigillography, Volume 12. Berlin, De Gruyter, Boston, 2016, s. 1-12 künyeli eserden çevrilmiştir. 126 ORTAÇAĞ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ HAZİRAN/JUNE 2021 4/1 Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ Anadolu 11. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Selçuklu Türkleri tarafından yeniden fethetmesinden sonra geçici olarak İmparator Alexios fethedildi. 1081’de Anadolu’nun büyük kısmı artık imparatorun Komnenos’un9 kontrolü altına girdi. Böylece Türk ilerleyişinin neden doğrudan kontrolü altında olmayıp Türk öncü birlikleri olduğu göç, X. Konstantinos döneminden itibaren başladı. Konstantinopolis’in karşısında, İstanbul Boğazı üzerinde kamp Prosopografi (biyografi yazımı), bu fenomeni tanımlamanın kurmuşlardı. Bu fetih önemli nüfus hareketlerine neden olmuştur. ayrıcalıklı bir yolu olabilir. Kullanılan isimlerin sayısı, 11. yüzyıl Konu hakkında birkaç anlatıya ve belgesel kaynağın ifadesine boyunca arttı. Bu isimler sonraki iki yüzyılda gelişecek şekilde 8. -
Osmanli Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri
T.C. FIRAT ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ TAR İH ANAB İLİM DALI OSMANLI ÖNCES İ DÖNEMDE TRABZON ŞEHR İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ DANI ŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Abdulhalik BAKIR Fatih AKSOY ELAZI Ğ 2009 T.C. FIRAT ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ TAR İH ANAB İLİM DALI OSMANLI DÖNEM İ ÖNCES İNDE TRABZON ŞEHR İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Bu tez ….. /…../……… tarihinde a şağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birli ği / oy çoklu ğu ile kabul edilmi ştir. Danı şman Üye Üye Prof. Dr. Abdulhalik BAKIR Doç. Dr. Aylin ÇEL İK Doç. Dr. Zahir KIZMAZ Bu tezin kabulü, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu’nun ....... / ....... / ....... tarih ve ......................... sayılı kararıyla onaylanmı ştır. Doç. Dr. Erdal AÇIKSES ENST İTÜ MÜDÜRÜ I ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi Osmanlı Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri Fatih AKSOY Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı 2009; Sayfa : XIII + 219 Osmanlı Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri adlı tez çalı şmamızda, Trabzon şehrinin Fatih Sultan Mehmet tarafından Osmanlı Devleti sınırlarına katılmasına kadar geçen dönemdeki iktisadi ve siyasi hayatına dair tarihi malumatlar aktarılmaya çalı şılırken a ğırlıklı olarak 11. yüzyıl ve sonrası dönem ele alınmı ştır. Ticaret merkezi olma vasfını her zaman koruyan Trabzon, Bizans Devletinin sınırları içinde oldu ğu zamanlarda askeri üs kimli ği de kazanmı ştır. Co ğrafyanın da verdi ği avantajla zaman zaman ba ğımsız hareket eden valilerce idare edilen şehir, IV. Haçlı Seferinin ardından kurulan Trabzon Devleti zamanında Selçuklu, Mo ğol, Akkoyunlu, Timur ve Anadolu’ya yerle şmi ş Türk Beylikleri ile beraber Osmanlı gibi güç odaklarıyla da bir devlet merkezi olarak irtibat halinde olmu ştur. -
05 Nada Zecevic.Vp
Zbornik radova Vizantolo{kog instituta HßÇÇ, 2005. Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’etudes byzantines XßIÇ, 2005 UDC: 341.71(450.421)(093):929 Nada Ze~evi} THE GENOESE CITIZENSHIP OF CARLO I TOCCO OF DECEMBER 2, 1389 (II) The Genoese citizenship, granted to Carlo I Tocco and his regent mother Magda- lene by the authorities of the Republic of Genova (December 2, 1389) is a document the existence of which is widely accepted in the scholarly circles despite the fact that the details of its content have still remained largely unknown. Attempting to contribute to a better understanding of the circumstances under which the grant was issued, the first part of this paper brings the transcription of the entire document as well as an analysis of its political and legal context. The paper's second part deals with the docu- ment's paleographic, diplomatic, and sigillographic features, as well as with its prosopographic and topographic details. On December 2, 1389 Carlo I Tocco and his regent mother Magdalena were granted the citizenship of the Republic of Genoa. This act was, as pointed out in the first part of this paper, most probably a consequence of the Tocco need for protection from the Ottoman, Venetian, Navarese, and Albanian expansions in western Greece as well as of the Genoese aspirations towards the Ionian islands governed by this family.1 However, although at first sight this document seems an important demon- stration of a pragmatic political alliance, it never left the domain of protocol. Its im- plementation was never recorded by any of the parties; in fact, short time upon its ratification, the Tocco ruler was recorded as making alliances with the Genoa’srival, the Venetian Republic.2 1 For the text of the document and historical analysis of its contents see N.