Ai Margini Dell'impero. Potere E Aristocrazia a Trebisonda E in Epiro
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The Story of the Byzantine Empire
THE STO RY O F T HE NATIO NS L LU T T E E R VO L . I z M o I S A . P , R D , T H E E AR L I E R VO L UM E S A R E f I N E F R E E B P o AS A . SO T H STO R Y O G E C . y r . I . HARR R F R E B TH U ILM A N T HE STO Y O O M . y A R R G EW B P f A K O S E R F T HE S . o S . M T HE ST O Y O J y r . J . H R B Z N R O F DE . A R A coz I T HE ST O Y C HA L A . y . — R F E R N . B S B ING O U L THE ST O Y O G MA Y y . AR G D F N W B P f H B YE S E N o . H . O T HE ST O R Y O O R A Y . y r N E n E B . E . a d S SA H T HE ST O R Y O F SP A I . y U N AL N B P R of. A . VAM B Y T HE STO R Y O F H U GA R Y . y r E ST R O F E B P of L E TH E O Y C A RT H A G . -
BYZANTINE CAMEOS and the AESTHETICS of the ICON By
BYZANTINE CAMEOS AND THE AESTHETICS OF THE ICON by James A. Magruder, III A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2014 © 2014 James A. Magruder, III All rights reserved Abstract Byzantine icons have attracted artists and art historians to what they saw as the flat style of large painted panels. They tend to understand this flatness as a repudiation of the Classical priority to represent Nature and an affirmation of otherworldly spirituality. However, many extant sacred portraits from the Byzantine period were executed in relief in precious materials, such as gemstones, ivory or gold. Byzantine writers describe contemporary icons as lifelike, sometimes even coming to life with divine power. The question is what Byzantine Christians hoped to represent by crafting small icons in precious materials, specifically cameos. The dissertation catalogs and analyzes Byzantine cameos from the end of Iconoclasm (843) until the fall of Constantinople (1453). They have not received comprehensive treatment before, but since they represent saints in iconic poses, they provide a good corpus of icons comparable to icons in other media. Their durability and the difficulty of reworking them also makes them a particularly faithful record of Byzantine priorities regarding the icon as a genre. In addition, the dissertation surveys theological texts that comment on or illustrate stone to understand what role the materiality of Byzantine cameos played in choosing stone relief for icons. Finally, it examines Byzantine epigrams written about or for icons to define the terms that shaped icon production. -
Terminology Associated with Silk in the Middle Byzantine Period (AD 843-1204) Julia Galliker University of Michigan
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Centre for Textile Research Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD 2017 Terminology Associated with Silk in the Middle Byzantine Period (AD 843-1204) Julia Galliker University of Michigan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/texterm Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Art and Materials Conservation Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, Fiber, Textile, and Weaving Arts Commons, Indo-European Linguistics and Philology Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, Museum Studies Commons, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, and the Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Galliker, Julia, "Terminology Associated with Silk in the Middle Byzantine Period (AD 843-1204)" (2017). Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD. 27. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/texterm/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Centre for Textile Research at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Terminology Associated with Silk in the Middle Byzantine Period (AD 843-1204) Julia Galliker, University of Michigan In Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD, ed. Salvatore Gaspa, Cécile Michel, & Marie-Louise Nosch (Lincoln, NE: Zea Books, 2017), pp. 346-373. -
Iconoclasm: a Christian Dilemma
ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY By STEPHEN CHARLES STEACY •• Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1969 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1978 ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY Thesis Approved: '. ~- Dean of the Graduate College 1019541 ii P~F~E This thesis is concerned with Iconoclasm, the religious upheaval which troubled the Byzantine conscience for over a century. There have been numerous theories adduced by his torians to account for this phenomenon. It is the purpose of this study to view the varying interpretations, analyze their shortcomings, and to put forth a different view of the controversy, one that more adequately expresses the deeply rooted religious nature of the movement, a movement not only of the eighth and ninth centuries but an idea which was nurtured in fertile soil of the Old Testament and Apostolic Christianity. The author wishes to express heartfelt appreciation to his thesis adviser, Dr. George Jewsbury, whose unflagging solicitude, support, and inspiration were instrumental in the preparation of this work. A note of thanks is given to Mrs. Karen Hoyer, whose typing expertise, in the final analysis, made the difference between success and failure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 1 II. THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES OF THE CONTROVERSY. • • . • . • • . • . 13 Genesis of the Cult of Icons .•.• 13 The Scriptures as the Foundation of Iconoclasm. 26 Precursors of ·the Iconoclast Movement . 30 Origen . 31 Eusebius . -
Bbbs 38 (2012)
38 2012 BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES BULLETIN OF BRITISH BYZANTINE STUDIES 38 ISSN 0265-162 2012 being the Bulletin of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies 1. Chairmen, Secretaries and Addresses of National Committees of the International Association of Byzantine Studies Albania: Dhorka Dhamo, Pellumb Xhufi, Rr Sulejman Pasha Pall 124, Shk. 3, Apart 37, Tirana, Albania Australia: Dr Bronwen Neil (President), Centre for Early Christian Studies, Australian Catholic University, PO Box 456, Virginia, Queensland 4014 ([email protected]); Dr Andrew Gillett (Secretary & Newsletter Editor), Department of Ancient History, Division of Humanities, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109. Email: [email protected] Austria: Prof Dr Andreas Külzer (Secretary), Institut für Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik der Universität Wien, Postgrasse 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Email: [email protected] Belgium: Anne Tihon (President); Jacques Noret (Vice-President and Treasurer); Caroline Mace (Secretary). Address of the Society for Byzantine Studies: Rue Ducale 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; address of the secretariat: Kardinaal Mercierplein 2, B3000 Leuven, Belgium Brazil: Angela Comnene, G. Kambani, 505 St Laurent Blvd, suite 106, Ottawa K1K4-4, Canada Bulgaria: Prof. Vassil Ghiuselev (President), University of Sofia "St Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of History, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Bd., Room 40A, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria. Canada: Antony Littlewood, Dept. of Classical Studies, The University of Western Ontario, Talbot College, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7 Chile: Alejandro Zorbas, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofia, Centro de Estudios Bizantinos y Neohelenicos, Casilla 10136, Santiago, Chile China: Zhu Huan, Xu Jia-Lin, Wang Yue, History Dept., Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. -
Did the Loss of Anatolia in the 11Th Century Leave a Trace in Family Names? Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ1*+
E-ISSN: 2564-680X Haziran 2021 / June 2021 Yıl 4, Sayı 1 / Year 4, Issue 1 ATIF BİLGİSİ / REFERENCE INFORMATION ÇİFTÇİ, Sait Emre, “11. Yüzyılda Anadolu’nun Kaybı Aile Antroponimisinde İzler Bıraktı Mı?” Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, IV/I, Haziran 2021, s. 126-132. Makale Türü: Tarih Çeviri DOI No: Geliş Tarihi / Received: 10 Kasım/November 2020 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 18 Nisan/April 2020 Online Yayın: 26 Haziran 2021 Published Online: 26 June 2021 11. Yüzyılda Anadolu’nun Kaybı Aile Antroponimisinde İzler Bıraktı Mı? Did the Loss of Anatolia in the 11th Century Leave a Trace in Family Names? Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ1*+ 1 Arş. Gör., Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, BİTLİS. * [email protected] +ORCID: 0000-0002-2685-1714 Jean-Claude Cheynet, La perte de l’Asie Mineure au xie siècle a-t-elle laissé des traces dans l’anthroponymie familiale?, Studies in Byzantine Sigillography, Volume 12. Berlin, De Gruyter, Boston, 2016, s. 1-12 künyeli eserden çevrilmiştir. 126 ORTAÇAĞ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ HAZİRAN/JUNE 2021 4/1 Sait Emre ÇİFTÇİ Anadolu 11. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Selçuklu Türkleri tarafından yeniden fethetmesinden sonra geçici olarak İmparator Alexios fethedildi. 1081’de Anadolu’nun büyük kısmı artık imparatorun Komnenos’un9 kontrolü altına girdi. Böylece Türk ilerleyişinin neden doğrudan kontrolü altında olmayıp Türk öncü birlikleri olduğu göç, X. Konstantinos döneminden itibaren başladı. Konstantinopolis’in karşısında, İstanbul Boğazı üzerinde kamp Prosopografi (biyografi yazımı), bu fenomeni tanımlamanın kurmuşlardı. Bu fetih önemli nüfus hareketlerine neden olmuştur. ayrıcalıklı bir yolu olabilir. Kullanılan isimlerin sayısı, 11. yüzyıl Konu hakkında birkaç anlatıya ve belgesel kaynağın ifadesine boyunca arttı. Bu isimler sonraki iki yüzyılda gelişecek şekilde 8. -
Osmanli Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri
T.C. FIRAT ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ TAR İH ANAB İLİM DALI OSMANLI ÖNCES İ DÖNEMDE TRABZON ŞEHR İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ DANI ŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Abdulhalik BAKIR Fatih AKSOY ELAZI Ğ 2009 T.C. FIRAT ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ TAR İH ANAB İLİM DALI OSMANLI DÖNEM İ ÖNCES İNDE TRABZON ŞEHR İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Bu tez ….. /…../……… tarihinde a şağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birli ği / oy çoklu ğu ile kabul edilmi ştir. Danı şman Üye Üye Prof. Dr. Abdulhalik BAKIR Doç. Dr. Aylin ÇEL İK Doç. Dr. Zahir KIZMAZ Bu tezin kabulü, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu’nun ....... / ....... / ....... tarih ve ......................... sayılı kararıyla onaylanmı ştır. Doç. Dr. Erdal AÇIKSES ENST İTÜ MÜDÜRÜ I ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi Osmanlı Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri Fatih AKSOY Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı 2009; Sayfa : XIII + 219 Osmanlı Öncesi Dönemde Trabzon Şehri adlı tez çalı şmamızda, Trabzon şehrinin Fatih Sultan Mehmet tarafından Osmanlı Devleti sınırlarına katılmasına kadar geçen dönemdeki iktisadi ve siyasi hayatına dair tarihi malumatlar aktarılmaya çalı şılırken a ğırlıklı olarak 11. yüzyıl ve sonrası dönem ele alınmı ştır. Ticaret merkezi olma vasfını her zaman koruyan Trabzon, Bizans Devletinin sınırları içinde oldu ğu zamanlarda askeri üs kimli ği de kazanmı ştır. Co ğrafyanın da verdi ği avantajla zaman zaman ba ğımsız hareket eden valilerce idare edilen şehir, IV. Haçlı Seferinin ardından kurulan Trabzon Devleti zamanında Selçuklu, Mo ğol, Akkoyunlu, Timur ve Anadolu’ya yerle şmi ş Türk Beylikleri ile beraber Osmanlı gibi güç odaklarıyla da bir devlet merkezi olarak irtibat halinde olmu ştur. -
Me:'J-At-Arms Series 247 Romano-Byzantine Armies 4Th-9Th Centuries
Gm:m MIUTARY ME:'J-AT-ARMS SERIES 247 ROMANO-BYZANTINE ARMIES 4TH-9TH CENTURIES [) \\lD "'COLI,f. PIID\"eiCS \IcBRIDf. EDITOR: MARTlN WINDROW ~ 247 ROMANO-BYZANTINE ARMIES 4TH-9TH CENTURIES Text by DAVID NICOLLE PHD Colour plates by ANGUS McBRIDE ~t1tj ....."" Dod,ctI'H>n .... , .. t JIM F... <.ii... lludl JOt<;o..._-.~,..-.,.0\ l(;opo........~'q' j .... 1I.Jy. ..,./f.q! fl.-t<'<t ~1"'7·I.J"'II '""""" ....... _ ....\jooft_.. 6oio.s..:.., .... (It~f-f_·._ha ......._.....,,--~ '"' .. ...._j _ .."'-P!.... l:Irooop: "-'I<&. I....... C.utf; ................ ""bIO<oo__• lot .... O"'.".r in"..."....UIN _ ·....-.... b ) . G,.,~J ",,,in{tI. 'lIa/y-' ., 001 d«tn>W.<lo<1riboI, <-.al. -.:lo.-.I ..,......-..,.,iup-........., ... (Rober, 1I.....'n'~' ............ ~_,""pnorP'" "'_ ""'~... !Io ..._. ~.....",rirt oJooolJ "" ~"' ~,'OIhIO<O- ,h'ist's '\IOle R""I0'" m.y ,,,rc to nO," {~" (~" orig;n.ll"'in,ing< ISI<r> , IU.l""" f",m ,,~'C~ I~" ""I"", pl.,,,, in l~", I,,,o~ "'n" p,,,poml ... .-,.il.ble ror Pli....u"le. All fOPlod"'UOfl c<>pyriJht .. ho~""'Ill.........d It) the publ..h.... All enquiries "'DUld bo: .ddrastd t(" PO 80.0: "IS, """"'lholtlwn, f Su..., 8:-.. ..; .>51- Thc~rq .... 1hat tMJ""-" _ .....to .... ~nceuporl IM"",tla r............... houaL; t, _boo!"","" \1.... J*- oo: ",. "~n \I........ G-o...... c.taloo,;o>t ~mftOt. ~ blltohi'" 1...1. \hebd;n , Fulhom Jr. ...d. I_S\\J'1l1l ROMANO-BYZANTINE ARMIES INTRODUCTION gorri",m dUlies dccline<l;n qu.l,,). Mun.. hil" 10le Roman Empcrors gcnc....lIy o,,"cd ,heir l"""ion !O lh. orm)'; power ofien 10)' ;n lhe h.nd. -
Political Context and Development Background the Gattilusio Lordships
CHAPTER ONE POLITICAL CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT Background The Gattilusio lordships in the Aegean had their origin in the events of November 1354, when the Genoese pirate Francesco Gattilusio was enlisted by the Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos (1341–91) to help him seize Constantinople from his father-in-law, co-emperor and rival John VI Kantakouzenos (1347–54). The ensuing coup d’etat was a success, and having taken control of the imperial capital John V honoured his ally with marriage to his sister and possession of the island of Lesbos, com- monly known by the name of its chief city Mytilene.1 The change of regime in Constantinople was the decisive blow in a long power-struggle which had robbed the Byzantine Empire of most of its remaining strength. On the death of the Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328–41) Byzantium, though greatly diminished in size and institutional strength from its heyday, or even from the time of Michael VIII (1259–82), remained a significant regional power. Its position in Europe and the Aegean had lately rebounded somewhat from earlier losses. This com- pensated to some extent for the disasters of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century, which had seen the loss of virtually all the Byzantine territories in Asia, and the empire retained the scope for further modest recovery. It still possessed a degree of military and diplomatic clout and held a continuous block of Balkan territory stretching from the Bosphorus to the Adriatic and the Gulf of Corinth, as well as the islands of the northern Aegean, some residual minor footholds in Anatolia and the south- eastern portion of the Peloponnese, then commonly known as the Morea.2 All 1 Doukas, Ducas Istoria Turco-Bizantina (1341–1462), ed. -
Byzantine Critiques of Monasticism in the Twelfth Century
A “Truly Unmonastic Way of Life”: Byzantine Critiques of Monasticism in the Twelfth Century DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hannah Elizabeth Ewing Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Timothy Gregory, Advisor Professor Anthony Kaldellis Professor Alison I. Beach Copyright by Hannah Elizabeth Ewing 2014 Abstract This dissertation examines twelfth-century Byzantine writings on monasticism and holy men to illuminate monastic critiques during this period. Drawing upon close readings of texts from a range of twelfth-century voices, it processes both highly biased literary evidence and the limited documentary evidence from the period. In contextualizing the complaints about monks and reforms suggested for monasticism, as found in the writings of the intellectual and administrative elites of the empire, both secular and ecclesiastical, this study shows how monasticism did not fit so well in the world of twelfth-century Byzantium as it did with that of the preceding centuries. This was largely on account of developments in the role and operation of the church and the rise of alternative cultural models that were more critical of traditional ascetic sanctity. This project demonstrates the extent to which twelfth-century Byzantine society and culture had changed since the monastic heyday of the tenth century and contributes toward a deeper understanding of Byzantine monasticism in an under-researched period of the institution. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family, and most especially to my parents. iii Acknowledgments This dissertation is indebted to the assistance, advice, and support given by Anthony Kaldellis, Tim Gregory, and Alison Beach. -
The Madness of Genre
The Madness of Genre MARGARET MULLETT 4(• n author-even a Byzantine author-de- does violence not only to the sensibility of the critic serves to be regarded as an entity, not to be but also to the object he is studying. In the case of torn to pieces in the interests of proving the eter- genre, however, there has been a considerable re- nal stability of genres."' We need not be led astray vival. Much literature is emanating from such di- by the disarming parenthesis. The volume from verse schools of thought as New Criticism, Russian which this quotation is taken has transformed the Formalism, Structuralism, and Rezeptionstheorie,6 study of Byzantine literature as a serious study in and in classical studies generic analysts have its own right; its authors show nothing but scorn formed something of a school in themselves in the for scholars who delight in discussing Byzantine wake of Francis Cairns' GenericComposition in Greek literature simply to point out how bad it is. It used and Latin Poetry.7 Since Byzantine literary study is to be that "Byzantine literature has never had a so young, it may be helpful to learn what literary good press, least of all from its own students,"2 but theorists say about genre. The first point is per- that, after Kazhdan and Franklin, is no longer haps that, with the possible exception of the clas- true. The volume's opening chapter, which was sical genericists, no theorist of genre would now first given as a paper at the Institut fuir Byzantin- proclaim any eternal stability or immutability of istik in Vienna, points out the inadequacies of the genre. -
Locals Vs Foreigners : Criteria for the Formation of Local Identities in Late
Locals vs “foreigners”: criteria for the formation of local identities in Late Byzantium. An approach to Modern Graecitas through Late Byzantine writers by Eleonora Kountoura-Galaki and Nike Koutrakou Late Byzantine writers reporting on movements of people throughout the Byzantine space and beyond during an age of decline for Byzantium, frequently referred to the provenance of their dramatis personae. Presenting us with elements relating to the identity of their heroes, the writers often stressed the group, community, alliance or alignment to which their heroes belonged, or were perceived to belong. What is of interest is how precisely they chose to do that, what dimension or criterion they specifically chose to convey to their readership. This is why we focus in this paper not on what Late Byzantines writers considered themselves to be, but on the basis of what elements they arrived at that result. The most concrete relevant criteria and corresponding technical terms used in order to define individuals and groups are given by Constantine Acropolites. The writer gives us a very representative example of how writers of the period perceived differentiation and distinguishing features in people. He focuses on four elements that set groups of people “completely apart” and constitute group identities. These elements, arranged rather hierarchically, are: language, origins/race, laws and habits1. Acropolites might have been influenced by the relevant platonic ideas that were being studied widely at his time2. Nevertheless, he offers a list of differentiation criteria which we will follow as a kind of “Ariadne’s clue” in this study. The identity differentiation elements and relevant terms as appearing in historical writing have been studied by contemporary scholars.