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Mihail Mitrea a LATE BYZANTINE SWAN SONG Mihail Mitrea A LATE BYZANTINE SWAN SONG: MAXIMOS NEAMONITES AND HIS LETTERS MA Thesis in Comparative History with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection Central European University Budapest May 2011 A LATE BYZANTINE SWAN SONG: MAXIMOS NEAMONITES AND HIS LETTERS by Mihail Mitrea (Romania) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________________________ Examiner Budapest May 2011 A LATE BYZANTINE SWAN SONG: MAXIMOS NEAMONITES AND HIS LETTERS by Mihail Mitrea (Romania) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________________________ External Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 A LATE BYZANTINE SWAN SONG: MAXIMOS NEAMONITES AND HIS LETTERS by Mihail Mitrea (Romania) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU ____________________________________________________________ Supervisor ____________________________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2011 I, the undersigned, Mihail Mitrea, candidate for the MA degree in Comparative History, with the specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on the copyright of any person or institution. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 23 May 2011 ______________________________ Signature CEU eTD Collection To Cristina, φιλίας ἕνεκεν CEU eTD Collection TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................ii List of abbreviations....................................................................................................................................iv List of plates.................................................................................................................................................vi INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................1 1. Prolegomena...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Previous scholarship........................................................................................................................ 3 3. Research questions and methodology......................................................................................... 6 4. Structure of the thesis..................................................................................................................... 7 FIRST PART: APPROACHING THE LETTERS OF MAXIMOS NEAMONITES......................................9 1. Letter writing in Byzantium........................................................................................................... 9 2. The manuscript Vaticanus Chisianus R. IV. 12 (gr. 12).............................................................. 14 3. Introducing Maximos Neamonites through his letters ......................................................... 18 SECOND PART: MAXIMOS NEAMONITES AS A SCHOOLMASTER ................................................. 38 1. Maximos Neamonites as a schoolmaster .................................................................................. 38 2. A woman’s plea for financial support or an ēthopoiïa in Maximos Neamonites’ ep. 4..... 61 CONCLUSIONS AND CONTEXTUALIZATIONS.................................................................................... 78 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 89 CEU eTD Collection Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 102 Plates: Manuscript Vaticanus Chisianus R. IV. 12 (gr. 12), ff. 166–172 .......................................... 113 i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Letter from Within Addressees: Magistros, Symeon, Cassiodorus, Kalliopē, Polyhymnia, Eutherpē, Kleiō, Terpsichorē, Ourania, Thalia, Eratō, Sapphō, Melpomenē, Lucian, Ambrose, Peter, Eugenia, Theodore, John, Andrew, Samuel, Pēnelopē, and you all… The Agora is barren. The massive colonnades are leaning on their shadows. Echoes of many words are rummaging the silence that slowly brings down the night. The darkness is eerie and awaits its light. It seems like forever until the white fingers of a new day would tear the canvass of the night. A song, like a passing thought, enlivens the night. A shadow passes along fluttering its wavy Byzantine cloak. It is Thomas Magistros … to whom Niels Gaul gave soul and body from his own. With the chisel of patience and passion, Niels has carved him, setting him free from the granite of so many ages. Who is giving birth to whom? Niels, or maybe Magistros, secretly carrying the sweet burden of some manuscripts, is placing them in my fearful arms. His words make me believe that I am ready for my own odyssey. Agonizing weaknesses do not hesitate to twitch my soul … Suddenly, Symeon, CEU eTD Collection borrowing the voice of István Perczel, starts chanting his divine hymns: “You are no longer alone; you have hoards of saints to teach you how to win!” Hurriedly, Cassiodorus (Timothy Janz) arrives as well, with his arms full of books carrying treasures and, spreading them before me, utters: “Dare! This is the nourishment of the gods! Taste the ambrosia and the nectar of wisdom!” ii Muses are joining me … Kalliopē (Cristina Neagu) unseals her soul for me, Polyhymnia (Lucia Stănică) offers me the key that unlocks everyone’s heart, Eutherpē (Alida Beldean) calls me her son, Kleiō (Ioan Ică Jr.) endows me the treasures of history, Terpsichorē (Tatiana) speaks of my inner gift, Ourania (Bogdan Neagota) whispers the silence and the joyfulness of the coming times, and Thalia (Vasilica Cristea) gathers clouds of light above the desert of the blessed. Eratō (Vasile Rus) and Sapphō (Angela Rîșteiu) are singing from the charmed lyre of Greek language. And so, the rhythm lures me in its euphoria and I join hands with meticulous and kindhearted Melpomenē (Mădălina), good– humoured Lucian of Samosata (Daniel), prudent and wise Proclus (Branislav), and always- provident Ambrose (Lászlo). Three choirs of angels, Peter and Eugenia, Theodore and John, Andrew and Samuel, are silently watching from above. And the darkness is breaking down … The swan song gains new tunes and the light is spreading everywhere. My beautiful Pēnelopē (Cristina) is arduously weaving the shroud of patience, gathering my tears in the palm of her hands. Victoriously, I hold Mnēmosynē’s hand, asking her to keep me from ever forgetting my way towards light, and those who have kindled me with their own burning. The Agora is no longer barren, but shines in its glory. I am walking with Neamonites and Magistros to be reborn together. M. Maximos Neamonites CEU eTD Collection iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AN Anecdota Nova. Ed. Jean François Boissonade. Paris: Apud Dumont, 1844. Reprinted Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1962. B Byzantion BMGS Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies ByzF Byzantinische Forschungen BZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift CFHB Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae ClMed Classica et mediaevalia CPG Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum. 2 vols. Eds. E. Leutsch & F. G. Schneidewin. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht, 1839-51. DOP Dumbarton Oaks Papers EEBS Ἐπετηρὶς Ἑταιρείας Βυζαντινῶν Σπουδῶν GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies JÖB Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik [before 1969, JÖBG] L A Patristic Greek Lexicon. Ed. G. W. H. Lampe. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961. LBG Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität: besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts. Ed. Erich Trapp. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1996–. LSJ A Greek–English Lexicon. Eds. Henry G. Liddell, Robert Scott, and Henry S. CEU eTD Collection Jones. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. M.T. Vladimir A. Mošin, Seid M. Traljić, eds. Filigranes des XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Zabgreb, Académie yougoslave des sciences et des beaux-arts, Institut
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