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Index

Aaron on Zavorda Treatise, 35 archontopoulos, grant recipient, 348 Aitolia, 231 Theodore, apographeus, 627 Akapniou, monastery in Thessaloniki, 307, Achaia, 234, 241 556, 592–94, 618 Acheloos, theme of, 233 Akarnania, 333, 510 Achinos, village, 556, 592–94 akatadoulotos, akatadouloton, 308, 423–24, 425 Achladochorion, mod. village, 451 akçe, 586, 587 acorns, 228, 229, 364, 491, 626 Akindynos, Gregory, 255 Adam akinetos (k©nhtov) see dorea; ktema; ktesis Nicholas, grant recipient, xxi, 206, 481 Aklou, village, 148 official, xv, 123 Akridakes, Constantine, priest, 301 syr, kavallarios,landholder,206, 481 Akropolites, George, historian, 15, 224, 225, Adam, village, 490, 619 284, 358 adelphaton,pl.adelphata, 153 Akros see Longos Adrian Akroterion, village, 570, 572, 573 landholder in the 1320s, 400 aktemon (ktmwn), pl. aktemones, 70, 85, 86, pronoia holder prior to 1301, 520 139, 140, 141–42, 143, 144, 214, 215, Adrianople, 330, 551 590 Adriatic Sea, 603, 604 Alans, 436, 502 Aegean Sea, 502, 510, 602, 604 Albania, 4, 584 aer, aerikon see under taxes, specific Alexios I Komnenos, emperor (1081–1118), xl, agridion, xxii, 466, 540–42, 570 xlii Ahrweiler, Hel´ ene,` 7 chrysobulls of, xv, xvi, 84, 128, 129, 134, on Adrian Komnenos, 137 140, 160, 255 on Alopos, 197 and coinage, 116 on appanages, 290, 291, 292, 293 and gifts of paroikoi, 85 on charistike, 155 and imperial grants, 29, 30, 58, 66, 69, 75, on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 87, 89, 95, 76, 85, 87, 101, 105, 110, 115, 117, 121, 109 123, 126, 128–29, 132–52, 159, 164, on Eustathios of Thessaloniki, 99 165, 166, 167, 169, 216, 238, 252, 479, on grants of tax revenue, 78 492, 599, 611, 612 on Komnene Vranaina, 205 and pronoia, 22, 41, 49, 88, 112, 131, 151, on Leichoudes, 24 152, 161–63, 170, 598 on Michael VIII’s chrysobull for the Great prostaxis of, 140 Church, 615–16 Alexios II Komnenos, emperor (1180–83), xlii, on prevalence of pronoia, 267 50, 51, 100, 243 on pronoia, 130 Alexios III Angelos, emperor (1195–1203), xlii, on pronoia and the emperors of Nicaea, 206 103, 168 on the settling of prisoners of war, 110 chrysobulls of, 76, 167, 169 on stratiotikai kteseis, 108–09 and imperial grants, 99, 169, 252, 365 on Synadenos, 37 lysis of, xv, 57, 103 on Syrgares’ pronoia, 206 Alexios III Komnenos, emperor of Trebizond on Xenas Legas, 202 (1349–90), xviii, xliv, 304, 513

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00962-2 - Land and Privilege in Byzantium: The Institution of Pronoia Mark C. Bartusis Index More information

Index 661

Alexios IV Angelos, emperor (1203–4), 102 and pronoia, 283, 295, 356, 415, 417, 429, allagion, 267, see also mega allagion 436, 440, 447–56, 463–67, 471, 473, allelengyon,pl.allelengya, 113 508, 510, 536–37, 540–41, 542–43 in Trebizond, 304, 513 prostagmata of, xx, xxii, 243, 423, 466, 510, Almiroi, towns, 168 536, 539, 540, 541 almshouse, 124, 157, 159 and state finances, 433, 527, 529 Alopekai, imperial episkepsis, 123 taxation of imperial grants, 436–37 Alopos, John, prokathemenos of Smyrna, taxation of “pronoiai,” 432–35 pronoia holder, 196, 197–98, 337, 600 and the term oikonomia, 295 Alypiou, monastery on Mount Athos, 348 Andronikos III Palaiologos, emperor Amalfitains, monastery on Mount Athos, 77, (1328–41), xliii, 326, 330, 529 121 acts of, 460 Amazokorakia, bishopric, xvi, 186–88 chrysobulls of, xviii, xix, xxii, 295, 319, 351, Ameras, pronoia holder, 440, 465, 466 424, 481, 483, 542, 543, 570 Amnon and civil wars, 323, 324, 326, 397, 473, 528 Alexios, apographeus, pronoia holder, xvii, exisosis of, xviii, 332 xix, 271, 273, 342, 351, 388, 398, 493, and imperial grants, 324, 325, 352, 420, 620 509, 627 orismos of, xxii, 541 Constantine, 342 and pronoia, 327–28, 331–33, 441, 470–71, Isaac, 342 473, 486, 510, 529, 535 Amoiras, Demetrios, 465 prostagmata of, xviii, xix, xxii, 244, 295, 351, ampelion see vineyard 382, 397, 504, 538 Amygdaleai, village, 402, 574 and tax relief, 72, 334 Amyras, 440 Andronikos IV Palaiologos, emperor anagraphe,pl.anagraphai see fiscal surveys, (1376–79), xliii, 429 reassessments chrysobulls of, xx, xxi, 425, 461 anagrapheus, xxxv, 67, 492 Anemas, Pankratios, pronoia holder, 37–40, Analypsi, mod. village, 39 43, 57, 62, 63, 198, 545 Anastasijevic,´ Dragutin, 57 angareia,pl.angareiai, 71, 76, 83, 84, 288, 367, Anatavlas, landholder, 401 369, 370, 393, 410, 420, 424, 628, see Anchialos, 550 also corvees´ ; taxes, secondary demands andrikotatos see under kavallarios Angelina, Anna, wife of stratiotes Michael Andronikopoulos, sevastos, pronoia holder, Angelos, 259 515, 518 Angelos Andronikos and his brother, Christianized Alexios, brother of Isaac II Angelos, 168 Turks, grant recipients, xviii, 343–45, Constantine, cousin of Isaac II Angelos, 99 435 George Komnenos, pronoia holder, 187–91, Andronikos I Komnenos, emperor (1183–85), 237, 492, 600 xlii, 97, 98, 166 John, doux of Thrakesion, xvi, 195, 208, 209 prostaxis of, xv, 55, 62, 63, 173, 192 John, sevastokrator, governor of Thessaly, Andronikos II Palaiologos, emperor 401 (1282–1328), xvii, xli, xliii, 266–68, Michael, despot, son of Michael II Doukas, 286, 327, 502 293–94, 546 chrysobulls of, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 107, 245, Michael, stratiotes, grant recipient, xvii, 351, 417, 419, 423, 424, 427, 436, 447, 259–60, 263, 274 449, 453, 463, 471, 482, 483, 508, 511, pronoia holder in 1321, 516, 519 540, 542, 631 Angelov, Dimiter, 442, 613 and civil wars, 323, 352, 473, 528 Angevins, 602 exisosis of, xviii, 326, 415 Angold, Michael and imperial grants, 156, 249, 293, 303, 305, on Alopos, 197 323, 351, 360, 387, 423, 425, 427, 436, on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 92, 94 463, 482–83, 546, 601, 631 on grant holders and administrative orismoi of, 440 authority, 207

662 Index

Angold, Michael (cont.) apostrateuo (postrateÅw), 106, 107 on imperial grants and John III, 225 appanages, 137, 290–91, 292, 293, 336, 418, on Komnene Vranaina, 205 505, 506, 512 on Manuel I and grants of land, 100 aprosdioristos (prosdior©stwv), 85 on Michael VIII’s chrysobull for the Great Arabs, 113, 154 Church, 616, 617 Aravenikeia see Revenikeia on pronoia and the Morea, 511 archaism, 108, 309 on Syrgares, 198, 204 Archangelos, mod. village, 51 Ani, city, 113 archons, Gr. archontes, xxxv, 76, 169, 262, 288, Ankara, battle of, 551, 553 305, 323, 357, 361, 531, 596, 618 Anna, daughter of Sarantenos Indanes, stratiotai, 385, 471 448 archontic, Gr. archontikos see under ktema; Anna of Savoy, wife of Andronikos III, 327, oikonomia 349, 375, 529, 556 Archontitzes and pronoia, 403 Michael, paroikos of Nicholas Maliasenos, prostagma of, 402 489–90 Ano, proasteion, 139–40 Niketas, archontopoulos, grant recipient, anorthoton (n»rqwton), 73 348 anthropos (nqrwpov), pl. anthropoi, 32, 133, Archontochorion, a property, 38–39, 42, 47, 399 48, 57, 545 Antigoneia, village, 271 archontopoulos,pl.archontopoula or Antioch, 125, 166 archontopouloi, xvii, xviii, 260–63, 268, Antiochites, Manuel, archontopoulos,grant 323, 337, 348–49, 421, 444 recipient, 348 western archontopouloi, 402, 451 anti-oikoumenou, 364, 369, 372–74, 381, 501, Areti, mod. village, 38 619, 622, 623, 626 Argolid, 427 Antipapas, Michael, vestarches, 29 aristocracy, aristocrats, xl, 113, 132, 331, 340, Anzas, Niketas, official, xvi, 145 587 Apelmene, Demetrios, apographeus, xviii, xxii, as grant holders, 113, 155, 164, 225, 323, 243, 294, 302, 322, 511, 514, 625, 627 441, 447, 599, 610 aphairo (fairä), 344, 397, 435 as pronoia holders, 263, 357, 467 Aphameia, toponym, 387 arithmos (riqm»v), 68, 79 Aplemele Armenians, 123 epistemonarches on Lemnos, 511 Armenopoulos, Demetrios, vasilikos stratiotes, pronoia holder on Lemnos, 511 and pronoia holder, xix, 411 apocharizo (pocar©zw), 181 army, Byzantine apographe,pl.apographai see fiscal surveys after Basil II, 112, 113 apographeus,pl.apographeis, xxxv, 176, 212, and Alexios I, 162, 170 312, 321, 326, 332, 355, 362, 371, 414, and Andronikos II, 415 416, 451, 453 and Andronikos III, 332, 529 apographike, apographikai see under exisosis; financing, 527, 529 paradosis; thesis and John VI, 415–16 apokatastasis, 215, 362, 618 and Manuel I, 64–65, 94, 97, 109 Apokaukos and Michael VIII, 241, 251 Alexios, megas doux, 16, 17, 328, 332 military titles, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii John, metropolitan of Naupaktos, xvi, xvii, and pronoia, xix, 94, 97, 98, 109, 249, 333, 228–33, 234, 285, 340, 409, 429, 490, 334, 395, 415–16, 431, 527, 529, 586, 510, 595 598 Apokope psomion, 219 provisions, rations, 71, 227, 277–78, 344, Apollonia, mod. village, 572 430, 502 aporos,pl.aporoi, 120, 214, 215 recruitment, 54, 65, 90, 93, 221, 262 apospo (pospä), 295, 303, 403, 499, 536, and the themes, 106, 108–09, 111, 119, 541, 543, 546, 555 160–62 Apostolitai, village, 619 see also soldiers

Index 663

army, Ottoman, 326, 585, 586, 588 axia (x©a), pronoiastike, 593 army, Seljuk, 344 Aydin, emirate, 588 Arsenikeia, village, 149, 567 Arvanid sancak, 586, 587 Baghdad, 587 Asan Bagrat, Taronite prince, 122 Constantine, military commander, 332 Baldwin see Valdouvinos John, brother-in-law of John VI, 327, 529 Balkans, 247, 504, 595, 602 Manuel Komnenos Raoul, brother-in-law of Banjane, Banianis, village, xxii, 508–09 John VI, 17, 327, 529 Bari, 113 Tutko, pronoia holder, 607 Barkan, O.,¨ 585 Asen I, ruler of Bulgaria (1186–96), xv, 98, Barlaam, hegoumenos of Lavra, 37, 39 341 Basil I, emperor (867–86), 119, 121 Asia Minor, xviii, 110, 113, 119, 123, 125, 132, Basil I Komnenos, emperor of Trebizond 171, 247, 293, 345, 431, 433, 547, 551, (1332–40), xliv, 513 579, 588, 590, 591, 599 Basil II, emperor (976–1025), xlii, 112, 113, and pronoia, xix, 172–212, 235, 300, 302, 115, 399 395, 415, 504, 547 and imperial grants, 76, 122, 136–37 and state property, 375 and klasmata, 120 Asomatoi, monastery near Zichna, xxii, 538 legislation of, 19, 28, 113, 122 Aspergi, Michael, holder of a Venetian pronoia Basil, tourmarches of the Bulgarians, 123 on Tinos, 603 baˇstina, 3, 8, 507, 606, 607, 609, 632 asses, 370 battles see Ankara; Mantzikert; Marica; assessors, fiscal see fiscal assessors Pelagonia Astras, George, apographeus, 322 Bayezid I, Ottoman sultan (1389–1402), xliv, astrateutos,pl.astrateutoi, see under Vlachs 551, 563, 593 atelos (teläv), 121, 481, see also under beehives 370, 389, 618, see also paroikos melissoennomion Athanasios I, patriarch of Constantinople Beldiceanu, Nicoara, 581, 584, 585, 588 (1289–93, 1303–9), xvii, 15, 253, 254, Belgrade, 167 255, 277, 285–87, 612, 622 Benedetto II Zaccaria, co-ruler of Chios, 324 Athonos, tou, monastery on Mount Athos, 76, benefactions see euergesia 80 beneficium, 95, 103, 155 Athos, Mount, 74, 76, 120, 149, 253, 509, 533, Berilas, Basil, megaloallagites, oikonomia 563 holder, xix, 338, 359–73, 379–81, 386, and the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 184, 387–90, 393, 409, 410, 414, 434, 551–53, 556, 558, 574, 595 488–89, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, and the Turks, 595 522, 533–34, 626, 627, 628–29 typikon for, 16, 27 Bessarion, cardinal, 21 see also protos Bezobrazov, Pavel, 5 Athyvolos, John, official, xvii, 249, 260–62, bishops, 76, 253, 277, 278 263, 268, 272 and charistikai, 117, 153, 154, 156, 158 Atouvla, village, 402 and imperial grants, 286–87 Atramyttion, town, 294 Bithynia, 156, 527, 590, 595 Atres, toponym, 301 boats and ships, 66, 71, 76, 172, 173, 174, Attaleia, 156, 166 193–94, 270 Attaleiates, Michael, historian, 24, 77, 124, 130, bodyguards, xxxvi, 16 131 Bogdan, landholder, 482, 546 Diataxis of, 25–26, 31, 157–58, 159 Boniface of Montferrat, xv, 102, 169, 275 Aubrey of Trois-Fontaines, 168 Bosnia, 3, 8, 9, 274 aule, 557 Brand, Charles, 74, 99, 103 Aureliou, village, 199, 204–06, 208 Branicevo,ˇ 166, 167, 609 Avara, city, 122 Breznica see Preasnitza avaros (baräv), 121, 481 bribes, 415 Avramitai, village, 461 Brindisi, 234

664 Index

Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Bulgars, xliv, 55, 74, 98, and the word pronoia, 21, 24, 25, 34, 130, 115, 146, 293, 315, 415, 483 131, 157–58 and pronoia, 605 charizomai (car©zomai), 130 church of, 80 Charles II, Angevin king of Naples conquests, 548 (1285–1309), 234 pronoetes of, 29 Charsianeites, monastery, 247 tourmarches of, 123 Charsianites, Eustathios, patrikios, pronoetes of Buyids, 587 Samos, 29 Charsianon, theme of, 139 caballarius, xxxvii, 209 Chartophylakos, village, 316, 350 Cadaster of Skadar, 603 chartoularios, chartularius, 231 Calapija,ˇ Demetrios, landholder, 323 cheese, 288 Cappadocia, 122, 125, 137 Cheimones, pronoia holder, 515, 518 Carlo I Tocco, ruler in Epiros (1411–29), 288 cheir (ce©r), pronoiastike, 235 Catalan Company, 278, 331, 435, 502–03 Chersonesos, Thracian, 78 cattle, 582 chicken, 393 cebelu¨, 580 Chios, 77, 324, 528, 529 Cereniki,ˇ 39 Chliaropotamou, village, 133, 516 Cernak,ˇ Cernik,ˇ Çernovo,village,39 Chomatenos, Demetrios, archbishop, xvii, 233 Cernomen,ˇ 553 Choniates Chadenos George, protovestiarites, 230, 232 official, 319, 547 Michael, metropolitan of Athens, 256 Pantavenos, landholder, 319 Niketas, historian, 69, 225 Chalandon, Ferdinand, 151 on Alexios III Angelos, 99 Chalcedon, 156 on Andronikos I Komnenos, 167 Chaldou, monastery on Mount Athos, 254 on Gafforio, 99 Chalkeus, Theodore, field of, 387 on “gifts of paroikoi,” xv, 64–66, 84, Chalkidike, 133, 147, 148, 271, 376, 400, 493, 87–97, 102, 105, 111, 160, 217, 220, 532, 559, 560, 567, 595 277, 405, 417, 597, 598 Byzantine restoration, 553 on Isaac II Angelos, 98 and pronoia, 507, 509, 510, 514–22, 574 on John of Poutze, 97 Serbian occupation, 400, 459, 552 on Peter and Asen, 98 Chalkokondyles, Leo, historian, 284, 285, on Renier of Montferrat, 102 550 on the settling of prisoners of war, 110–11 Chalkolamnos, xvi, 186, 187 and the term chorion, 328 Chandros, toponym, 386 and the term pronoia, 96, 284, 285 Chantax, village, 365, 373, 620, 622, 623, 626 and the term siteresion, 344 Charanis, Peter, 6 choraphion,pl.choraphia, xxxv, 228, 379 on Manuel I and solemnia, 101 demosion (fiscal), 379 on Nikephoritzes, 130 exaleimmatikon, 465, 475, 494 on the paroikoi of pronoia holders, 205 gonikon, 318, 478 on pronoetes, 31 vasilikon (imperial), 376 on the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 558 chorion (cwr©on), pl. choria, xxxix, 30, 98, 132, on Syrgares, 204, 207 143, 192, 208, 215, 250, 325, 326, 327, charistikarios,pl.charistikarioi, 21, 25, 28, 153, 328–31, 333, 390, 510, 528, 529, 553, 154, 156, 158 558, 574 and pronoetes, 30, 31, 153 demosion (fiscal), 51, 52 charistike,pl.charistikai, xxxv, 104, 116, 117, estrateumenon, 105–07 118, 132, 153–57, 165, 170, 599 idioperiston (separatelydemarcated), 495 and founder’s right, 159 pronoiastikon, 508–09 and pronoetai, 30, 31 stratiotikon, 107 and the pronoia grant, 155, 157–59, 162 vasilikon (imperial), 328–30 and western European institutions, 155, see also villages 162–64 choritai, 108, 141, 142

Index 665

Chorove, village, 513 confiscations, 72, 115, 118, 129, 132, 150, 151, Chorta¨ıtes, monastery, 515 266, 267, 289, 396, 471, 535 Chortatzes, Cretan, 104 from laymen, 97–98, 103, 128, 140, 149, 239, Chostianes, proasteion and village, xvi, 50, 51, 293, 396, 445, 457, 539, 547, 548, 557 52, 56–57, 87, 139–45 in Serbia, 608 Choudena, village, 295–96, 366, 373, 622, 626 from monasteries and churches, 121, 133, Choumnos 149, 345, 349, 350, 396–404, 460, 471, John, stratopedarches of the monokavalloi, 507, 528, 549, 554, 556, 558, 559, 562, grant recipient, xxii, 438, 444, 498, 548 570–72, 574, 592, 605, see also Nikephoros, apographeus, xxii, 536–38 “pronoiarization” Chouniane see Evniane of pronoia grants, 298, 396, 435, 440, 464, chresis (crsiv), 51 537, 546–48 koine, 436 Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, emperor Christodoulos, monk, 25, 75, 106, 107, 121 (945–59), xlii, 67, 69, 116, 136, 255 Christopher, tzakon,landholder,264, 342 chrysobulls of, 67, 68, 76 Christoupolis (mod. Kavala), 470 legislation of, 18, 20, 108, 256 Chronicle of Ioannina, xvii, 4, 285, 288 Constantine IX Monomachos, emperor Chronicle of the Morea, xvii (1042–55), xlii, 16, 23, 114, 115, 116, and pronoiatoroi, 234 123, 162 and the term oikonomia, 256, 296, 311 and imperial grants, 73, 77, 84, 114, 117, and the term pronoia, 285, 287–88, 304–05, 121, 122, 131, 138, 165 311 Constantine X Doukas, emperor (1059–67), Chronicle of the Tocco, xvii, 285, 288, 602 xlii, 68, 115, 123 Chrysaphes, pronoia holder, 515, 518 ConstantineXIPalaiologos,despotinthe chrysobulls, xxxv, 227, 255, 297, 314, 323, 436, Morea (1428–49), emperor (1449–53), 453, 482, 485, 531, 532, 612, 613, 620, xliii, 577 623 Constantinople, 60, 103, 124, 157, 168, 171, “common,” 320, 472, 473, 482 241, 329, 386, 504, 506, 507, 530, Chrysokompas, soldier, pronoia holder, xvii, 578 279–80, 417 Corfu see Kerkyra Chrysopolis, town, 136 Corinth, 233, 575 Chrysos corruption, 415 Nikephoros, pronoia holder, 523, 524 corvees,´ 48–49, 71, 85, 127, 134–35, 202, 203, protostrator, 555 229, 238, 288, 370, 380, 393–94, 410, Chrysou, Tauros tou, landholder, 456 411–12, 491, 500, 559, 578, 613, 619 chrysovoullaton see under ktema Serbia, 608 Church, the 24, 34, 66, 153, 159, 506, see also see also angareia; taxes, secondary demands Hagia Sophia cows, 214, 216, 218, 370, 582, 590, 618 as grant holder, 66, 615, 617 Crete, and imperial grants, xv, 58, 61, 101, 102, churches see also under property transfers 103–04, 147, 168, 169, 253, 275, 432 as grant holders, 79, 114, 504, 531, 599, crossbowmen, 502, 603 608 Crusades, the, 9, 102, 163, 169, 171, see also as pronoia holders?, 271–72, 300–13 Latin Conquest (1204) ¸iftc , ¸iftlikc , 582, 583, 591 Cumans, 113, 345, 524 Cilicia, 166 of Moglena, xv, 50–58, 62–63, 92, 111, 151, civil wars, 17, 290, 349, 360, 375, 402, 473 159, 173, 174, 338, 417 and pronoia, 468, 528–29, 547 Cyclades, 243 and property confiscations, 396, 401, 457, Cyprus, 37, 81, 147, 166, 167, 219, 576 528 and state finances, 324, 376, 528 Dalassene, Anna, grant recipient, 117 clergy, 21, 55, 117, 158, 257, 286 Damala, region, 427 as pronoia holders, 286–87, 301 Damon, village, 106 Latin, 304 Daniciˇ c,´ Djura, 4 coinage, debasement, 114, 116 Daphne, village in Macedonia, 384, 474

666 Index

Daphne, village in Thrace, 106 Didymoteichon, town, 17, 325, 326, 330, 529 David, soldier, landholder on Lemnos, 511 Digenatoi, soldiers, pronoia holders, xviii, 349, Dekalista, village, 542 375 dekateia Digeneis, Digenes, family name, 349 as rent, 55, 57, 410, 495, 496, see also dikaiomata (dikaiÛmata), 23, 60 epimortos; leases; morte dikaion (d©kaion), pl. dikaia (d©kaia), 34, 60, as a tax, 70, 78, 559, see also dekaton 193, 273, 297, 304, 516 dekaton,pl.dekata, 146, 560, 565, 566, 577, 628 demosiaka dikaia, 420 Demetrias, town, 168, 496 despotikon, 188 Demetrios Palaiologos, fifth son of Manuel II, gonikon, 187 despot in the Morea (1449–60), xliii, pronoiastika dikaia, 35, 304, 513, 514–21 19, 577 vasilika (imperial) dikaia, 376 Demnites, Theodore, soldier, pronoia holder Dilianou, village, 105 in Epiros, xvii, 233 diocese, Gr. dioikesis, 26, 59, 60, 252, 342 demosiakos (dhmosiak»v), 376, 549, see also Diogenes, Nikephoros, son of Romanos IV, under dikaion; douleia; ge; hypostasis; 147, 169 mills;praktikon;property,real; dioiketes, xxxvi siderokauseion; taxes;vineyard Diplovatatzes demosiarioi see under oikos;paroikoi Alexios, judge of the army, oikonomia demosieuo (dhmosieÅw), 80, 471, 557 holder, xx, 337, 446, 447–49, 498 demosion (dhm»sion), noun, treasury, fisc, or Manuel, 448 state, 28, 42, 51, 68, 83, 89, 129, 134, Docheiariou, monastery on Mount Athos, xxi, 138, 177, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 375, xxii, 133, 318, 345, 385, 400, 402–03, 382, 404, 452, 553, 554 460, 471, 475, 476, 477, 493, 554, 559, dhmos©wv, 185 560–62, 564, 570, 574, 628 demosios (dhm»siov), adj., fiscal, public, state, docks, dock charges, 365, 373, 392, 409, 583, 279, 352, see also under chorion; kanon; 584, 623 livellikon; prosodos; syneisphorai; taxes Dolger,¨ Franz, 6, 33, 69, 203, 242, 615, 616, Derkos, region, 129 633 despoina, despoinike, 349, 375, 402 domain, imperial, 20, 24, 77, 86, 118, 119–20, despot, Gr. despotes, 84, 319 122, 253, 375, 376, 394, 613, see also title, xxxv, xl, 167, 233, 277, 322, 423, 425, episkepsis; kouratoreia 577 domain land, 84, 380, see also hassa despoteia (despote©a), 51, 53, 54 domestikos despotikos (despotik»v) see under dikaion; of the scholai, xxxvi, 123, 478 zeugarion of the scholai of the West, 139 despotikos¯ (despotikäv), adv., 134, 399 of the themes, xviii, xxxvi despozo (desp»zw), 129, 152, 156 dominium, 319, 405, 474 Develcin, Manoil see Devlitzenos, Manuel Domokos, town, 168 Develikeia, toponym, 138 donations, see under grants, transfers; pronoia Devlitzenos grants, transfers; property transfers Demetrios, imperial stratiotes, oikonomia Doranites, George, grant recipient in holder, xx, 381, 446, 447, 450, 457, 468, Trebizond, 513 498, 500, 610 dorea (dwre), pl. doreai, 27, 65, 66, 67, 68, 88, landholder near Vardar ca.1335, 377 121, 128, 133, 160, 233, 270, 314, 325, Manuel, tzaousios, pronoia holder, xix, 384, 478, 513, 601, 613 498, 524, 526 akinetos (“immovable”), 100 sevastos, oikonomia holder, xxii, 498, 543 charistike, 153 diadochos (didocov), pl. diadochoi, 43, 44 pronoetike (pronohtik), 59, 61 Diataxis of Michael Attaleiates see under pronoiatike (pronoiatik), 59, 61 Attaleiates, Michael teleutaia (teleuta©a “perfect”), 121 Diavolokampos (Kalokampos), area, 402, 554, see also gifts; grants 559–61, 562–64, 574 doreastikos¯ (dwreastikäv), 157

Index 667

doro, doroumai (dwrä, dwroÓmai), 32, 187, Doveltzenos see Devlitzenos 191, 193, 226, 259, 478, 481 Dovrovikeia, village, 382 Dorotheos of Monemvasia, 596 dowries see under property transfers dosis,pl.doseis, 104, 356, 576 Doxompous, village, 439 Doukaina Drachova, 457 Euphrosyne, wife of Alexios III Angelos, 168 Dragavasta, village, 105 Irene, wife of Alexios I Komnenos, 25, 139 Dragon, grant recipient?, 422, 424, 444, 484, Doukas 485, 632–33 Andronikos, general, grant recipient, xv, 77, Dragota, pronoia holder, 507 86, 119, 123–24, 131, 138, 162, 165 Dragoumanos, John, property owner, 519 Constantine, doux and praktor of Voleron, Dragoumanos, or Drougoumanos, pronoia Strymon, and Thessaloniki, 39 holder, 515, 518, 519 Constantine, doux of Crete, xv, 58, 60, 168 droungarios, 139 Constantine, protostrator,uncleofIrene Drous, village, 196 Doukaina, 139 Drymosyrta, village, 518, 519, 543, 553, 563, historian, 284, 285, 326, 550, 596 564–66, 567, 568 John, brother-in-law of Alexios I Komnenos, Du Cange, Charles, 4, 21 139, 147 Dubrovnik, 609 John, uncle of Alexios I Komnenos, 139 dynatoi, 113, 120 Manuel, landholder in Potamou in the Dyrrachion, 37, 171 1280s, 207 Doukopoulos Edessa see Vodena Demetrios, kastrophylax, grant recipient, Edessa, in Syria, 113 398, 399, 498 Edessenos, apographeus, xix, 322, 385 landowner, 493 eggs, 393 Peter, sevastos, pronoia holder, xxi, 337, 413, Egypt, 30 474, 542 ekdouleuo (kdouleÅw), 21, 55, 66, 419, 426 douleia (doule©a), 71, 296, 346, 418, 419, 421, ekklesiastikos see under episkepsis; ktema; ktesis; 423, 425, 426, 427, 459, 461, 536, 576, pronoia (the word) 577 ekkope (kkop), 75, 538 aneu douleias, 425 ekkopto (kk»ptw), 75, 382, 505 demosiake, 175, 419 eklamvano (klambnw), 381, 382, 480 ektos douleias (kt¼v doule©av), 424, 631 ekpoio (kpoiä), 139 gasmoulike, 384 Elaia, abandoned village, 566, 567 see also service, imperial Eleousa (Veljusa), monastery outside douleutai, 56 Strumica, 77, 81, 84, 85–86, 167 douloparoikoi, 67–68, 80, 136 eleuthero (leuqerä), 127 doulos (slave) of the emperor, xxxviii, 167, 212 eleutheros (leÅqerov), pl. eleutheroi see under doulosyne (doulosÅnh), 418, 426, 461 ge;paroikos;property, real; zeugelateion doux,pl.doukes, xxxvi, 40, 175–76, 212–15, Eliokallou, church of, 391 221, 222, 223–24 Elos, region, 577 of Belgrade, 167 Eltimir, xviii, 293 of Branicevo,ˇ 166, 167 emirates, Seljuk, 587, 588, 591 of Crete, xv, 58, 101, 104, 147, 168 emphyteusis, 382, 385 of Cyprus, 37 emporion, 477 of Dyrrachion, 37 empresses, 168, 375, 539 of Epidamnos, 37 ennomion,pl.ennomia, 70, 146, 364, 365, 366, of Melanoudion, xvi, 186, 187 368, 390–91, 392, 395, 420, 614, 619, of Nis,ˇ 37, 166 624, 626, 627–29 of Thessaloniki, xv, 545 enoche (noc), 68, 235, 350 of Thrakesion, xvi, 184, 193, 195, 211 enoria, 20, 199, 390 tou stolou (“of the ﬂeet”), 139 eparchia (parc©a), 59–60, 61 of Trebizond, 37 gonike, 59, 60, 61

668 Index

eparchos, xix, xxxvi, 337, 360, 387, 467, 498 Euripiotes, Alexander, soldier and landholder, Ephesus, 421 539–40 ephoreia, 26, 28, 104, 159 Eustathios, archbishop of Thessaloniki, 99, ephoros, 31, 153 156, 167 Epidamnos, 37 Eustratios, hegoumenos of the monastery tes epidosis (p©dosiv), pl. epidoseis, 18, 153, 156, Galaiagres, 152 328, 356 Evergetis, monastery, 81 epimeleia (pimleia), 15, 20, 26, 228 Evniane, village, 463 epimortos (pim»rtwv), 187, 188, 192 Exadaktyles, 375 Epiros, 213, 233, 288, 327, 333, 340, 602 exaleimma,pl.exaleimmata, 261–62, 297, 304, Epiros, despotate of, xli, xliii, 66, 171, 232, 235, 365, 368, 372, 373, 377–79, 394, 405, 236, 241, 293, 394, 489, 496, 509, 510, 409, 410, 479, 492–93, 511, 513, 622, 513 625–26 and pronoia, 228, 234, 238, 336, 429, 513, exaleimmatikon, exaleimmatike,pl. 548 exaleimmatika, exaleimmatikai, 541, see episkepsis,pl.episkepseis, xxxvi, 104, 118, 133, under choraphion; ge; stasis;vineyard 138, 139, 140, 149, 167, 168, 169, 232, excusati, 598 253, 330, 356 exisazo (xiszw), 262, 332 ekklesiastike (ecclesiastical), monasteriake exisosis (xisÛsiv), pl. exisoseis, xviii, 223, 332, (monastic), and prosopike (“personal”), 362, 395, 414–16, 441 169 apographike, 618 grants of, 103, 122, 123, 124, 131, 138, 150, see also fiscal surveys 164, 165, 432 exkoussateutos (xkoussteutov), pl. vasilike (imperial), 357, 375 exkoussateutoi, see under oikos see also domain, imperial exkoussationai, 67 episkeptitai, 29 exkoussatos,pl.exkoussatoi epistemonarches, 511 exkoussatoi tou dromou, 71 epiteleia,pl.epiteleiai, xxii, 200–02, 203–04, see also under oikos 205, 211, 366, 368, 379, 382–83, exkousseia (xkouse©a, xkousse©a), pl. 384–87, 405, 409, 464, 471, 480, 494, exkousseiai, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 76–77, 499, 505, 518, 526, 538, 543 78, 84, 85, 118, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, hereditary, 384, 524 141, 143, 144, 148, 150, 216, 407, 423, Epivatai, treaty of, 326, 352, 529 500, 598, 599, 614 epoikoi, 142, 187, 189, 396 of paroikoi, 67–69, 79, 80, 81, 87, 124, 127, epoptes,pl.epoptai, 28, 29, 71 131, 146, 148, 170, 176, 218, 281, ergodotes (rgod»thv), 232 406–07, 479, 598–99, 600 escheat see exaleimma; klasma exkousseuo (xkousseÅw), 56, 68, 76, 124, 129, esothyrion, 368 136 Esphigmenou, monastery on Mount Athos, exousia (xous©a), pronoiastike, 235 xxiii, 148, 244, 362, 401, 438, 518, 533, Ezova, 133, 145, 481 546, 574, 592, 593 estrateumenos (strateumnov), 106, 107, see Fahr al-Din, 343 also under chorion;paroikos;peasants fair, 368, 392, 584 estrateutos, 107 fee (f©e, fh, fon, fÅa), 287, 305, 311, 596, see Eudokia, daughter of Komnenoutzikos, also fief oikonomia holder, xix, 387, 398, 469 fees see taxes Eudokia, peasant, 544 Feres, mod. town, 504 euergesia (eÉerges©a), pl. euergesiai, 266, 288, feuda (fouda), 596 321, 323, 326, 332, 333, 416, 613 feudalism, feudalization, 7, 8, 12, 162, 290 euergeto, euergetoumai (eÉergetä, feudatarii, 234 eÉergetoÓmai), 16, 227, 317, 333, 480, fief, 7, 8, 12, 162, 163, 210, 596, 602, 610, 611 481, 593 and the Chronicle of the Morea, 287, 305, 311 Eugenia, nun see Irene, protovestiaritissa fief de reprise, 474

Index 669

and Renier of Montferrat, 102, 169, Paul, apographeus, xxii, xxiii, 322, 559, 275 564–71, 572 fields, see choraphion; ge see also Gazi Sirijan Filomat, Nikola, pronoia holder, 524, 525 Gazi Sirijan, pronoia holder, 523, 524 Fiomaco, Kerkyran family, 602 ge (g), 22, 52, 66, 167, 177, 187, 243, 290, 378, fiscal assessment, 72, 126, 217, 244–46, 264, 447, 510, 542 269, 353, 374, 378, 389, 451, see also arosimos (arable), 344 posotes demosiake (fiscal), 183, 377 fiscal assessors, 109, 211, 267, 283, 294, 306, eleuthera, 423 388, 569, see also anagrapheus; exaleimmatike, 385, 471 apographeus; epoptes gonike, 59, 188 fiscal surveys, reassessments, 243, 267, 269, idia, 134 271, 273, 302, 326, 363, 388, 391, 413, leasing, 500–01 470 perisseia, 395 anagraphe, 109, 211, 264 pronoiastike, 510, 511 apographe, 211, 212, 264 quality of, 217, 248, 409 Ottoman, 582, 586 tax rate, 385, 497 see also exisosis vasilike (imperial), 122, 375, 376 fiscalization, 97, 115, 162, 558, 559, 562 within grants, 59, 65, 353, 354, 364, 365, fish ponds, 128, 193–94, 259, 406 366, 369, 371–72, 379, 395–96, 484, fishing rights, 194, 365, 366, 373, 392, 409, 583, 498, 501, 619 584, 622, 626 see also land grants; property, real flax-retting see linovrocheion Gemistos fortifications, fortresses xxxvii, 29, 71, 121, Demetrios and Andronikos, grant 270, 420, see also kastron recipients, 575, 576 founder’s right, 157, 159 George, grant recipient, xxiii, 419, 422, 428, franchises, 288 429, 511, 575, 577, 594 Franks see Latins Genna, village, 519, 566, 567 frao, fraujana, froˆ, Frone, 3 Gennadios II Scholarios, patriarch of fruit, 576 Constantinople, 19 Genoese, 99, 103, 210, 324, 502 Gafforio, Genoese pirate, 99, 103 Geoffrey II Villehardouin, prince of Achaia Gagik II, king of Armenia (1042–45), 139 (ca.1226/31–46), 304, 305 Galaiagres, tes,monastery,152 George Brankovic,´ Serbian ruler, despot from Galata, 210, 530 1429 (1427–56), xliv, 609 Galatenos, George, 386 Gerasimos, hegoumenos of Lemviotissa, 199 Galitza, in Morava valley in Serbia, 111 Gervasios, hegoumenos of Hilandar, oikonomia Gallikos, river, 377, 520 holder, xviii, 295, 296, 315, 362, 470, Gallipoli, peninsula, 36, 503 483, 484 gamvros, 191, 338 Gianoulas, tou, John, paroikos, 535 gardens, 345, 364, 368, 370, 372, 379, 391, 451, gifts 474, 618, 622 imperial, 74, 75, 113, 116, 227, 278, 331, vasilikos (imperial) kepos, 376 333, 441, 442 Garianos, Manuel, megaloallagites, oikonomia vs. pronoiai/oikonomia, 266, 283, 284, holder, xxi, 338, 370, 419, 462, 463 331, 362, 443, 486, 601 Gasmoulos, Gasmouloi, 349, 384, 572, see also private, 66, 118, 133, 200, 487 under douleia see also dorea; grants Gavras, oikonomia holder, 457 gifts of paroikoi, xv, 37, 64–69, 79, 96, 112, Gavrielopoulos, landholder, 401 117, 136, 241, 275, 406–07, 597, 599 Gaze,tou,landparcel,400 to churches, 79 Gazes to laymen, 87, 98, 103, 105, 109, 124, 125, megaloallagites, oikonomia holder, xxii, 127, 129, 131, 132, 140–44, 146, 150, 536–38 218, 220

670 Index

gifts of paroikoi (cont.) laymen, 61, 86–87, 100, 122–52, 166–70, to monasteries, 56, 67, 79, 84, 86, 87, 106, 270, 316–17, 343, 356, 470, 478–85, 136, 173 599, 601 see also exkousseia in Trebizond, 513 Glavas, pronoia holder, 515 prisoners of war, 89, 110, 111 Glykas, Michael, historian, 133 religious institutions, 74, 340, see also under Glykys, John, patriarch of Constantinople, 157 Church, the; churches; monasteries goats, 370, 618 social status, 169 Golubac, town, 609 soldiers see under soldiers Gomatou, village, 554, 562, 563, 567–68, 574 towns, 472–74 Gongyle, village, 271 grants Gonia tou Petake, a property, xvi, 186–93, 248, compared, 118, 310 275, 404, 405, 492 conditional, 270 gonikeuomai (gonikeÅomai), 319, 447 evolution, 130, 131, 151, 166, 219, 226, 241, gonikon (gonik»n), 178, 196, 198, 276, 317–20, 268, 269, 294, 442, 599, 600 428, 447, 451–55, 456, 472, 477, 481, ﬁnancing, 118, 396 539, 596, 633 idiosyncratic, 292, 577 to hold something “as (Þv) gonikon,” 188, increases, 249, 283 318, 425, 426, 436, 448, 451, 454, 460, lifetime, 54, 152–60 461, 469, 489, 490 managing, 491 to hold something gonikäv, 399 and posotes, 244, 247, 251, 263, 273, 316, and monasteries, 317, 318 434, 497, 501 see also under choraphion; houses; hypostasis; prevalence, 528 klera; klerodosia; palaiochorion rescinding, 115, 116, 433, 569 gonikotes (gonik»thv), 317, 318 and “service” see service, imperial apo gonikotetos (p¼ gonik»thtov), 456 taxation of, 435, 440 kata logon gonikotetos (kat l»gon terminology, 251, 294, 305 gonik»thtov), 317–19, 324, 443, 450, and zeugarion, 219, 249 457, 459, 461, 468, 548, 593, 631, 632 see also pronoia grants gonikothen (gonik»qen), 179, 181, 188, 477, grants, components, 116, 118, 144, 150, 358, 478, 481 499, 601 Goulitzas, exaleimma of, 622, 626 administrative rights, 291, 577 Gounaropoulos family, xvi, 176–82, 404 cash, 131, 132 John, paroikos, 179 episkepseis see under episkepsis Michael, paroikos before 1240, 178, 179 hereditary rights, 125, 126, 139, 140, 141, Michael, paroikos in 1249, 178 150, 241, 270, 319, 348, 362, 377, 403, Nicholas, paroikos, 179 423, 425, 429, 442–45, 449, 463, 468, Gournai, village, 566, 567 472, 480, 548, 631, see also gonikon Govenos, Leo, archontopoulos, grant recipient, “incomes” see incomes from land; prosodos 348 kastra see under kastron Gradec, Gradac see Kastrion,Kastrin,village labor services see corvees´ Gradista, village, 567 land see land grants grain, 66, 70, 101, 103, 242, 253, 288, 437, 615, monasteries, 130, 277, see also charistike 619 movable property, 116, 126, 145 gramma,pl.grammata paroikoi see gifts of paroikoi paradotikon, 214–15, 222–24, 350 right of alienation, 270, 295, 319, 320, 348, sigilliodes, 322, 359, 360, 539, 620 403, 425, 428, 469, 483–85, 631 vasilikon, 93, 220, 227 right to improve, 126, 270, 318, 319, 320, grammatikos, vasilikos, 232 346, 348, 413, 426, 443–49, 451, 453, grant holders see also pronoia holders, types 458, 459, 461, 462, 473, 483, 548, 631 aristocrats see under aristocracy rights of justice, 492, see also justice, low bishops, 287 sekreta see sekreton foreigners, 100, 109, 110, 111, 163, 169 tax exemption see tax exemption

Index 671

tax revenue see under tax revenue Harvey, Alan, 610 titles see under titles hassa, 583–84, 585, 587 villages see under villages Hayreddin Pas¸a, Ottoman grand vizir, 553, grants, transfers 593, 594 confiscation, 305 hearth tax see under taxes, specific donations, 259, 318, 320, 322, 343, 385, 387, hegoumenos,pl.hegoumenoi, xxxvi, 297, 298 398–99, 403, 440, 469, 478–83, 485 Heliopolos, official, 40 exchanges, 106, 125, 249, 294, 318, 481, Helos, an episkepsis, 122, 131 539–40 Henry of Flanders, Latin emperor of Gregoire,´ Henri, 7 Constantinople (1206–16), 196 Gregoras, Demetrios Mamonas, grant hereditary rights see under grants, components; recipient, 577 pronoia grants, components Gregoras, Nikephoros, historian Hermeleia, village, 265, 381, 385, 402, 442, and chorion, 327–31 458, 475, 477, 480, 493, 500, 554, 559, on imperial property, 376 560–61, 562, 563, 564, 574 and “incomes,” 292, 331, 333, 334, 340 katepanikion of, 567 on a property distribution, xviii, 329–31 Hermenea, toponym, 228 on property grants during the civil wars, Hermos, river, 193–94, 259–60, 275 528–29 Herrin, Judith, 103 and pronoetikos, 34 hetaireiarches, xxxvi, 337, 339, 447, 467 and pronoia, 325, 436, 441 Hevdomon, monastery, 117, 121, 130 on state finances, 527–28, 530 hevra¨ıke, 78 and the term pronoia, 284, 285 Hexamilion, in Thrace, 36 and the term siteresion, 278, 344 Hexamilion, wall in the Morea, 575, 576 GregoryIIKyprios,patriarchof Hierissos, town or large village, xviii, 20, 76, Constantinople (1283–89), xvii, xviii, 148, 149, 165, 263, 339, 341–42, 351, 16, 279–80, 343–45, 417, 433, 435, 504 520, 543 Gregory, Taronite prince, grant recipient, katepanikion of, 567 122 highlanders of Anatolia, xvi, 226–27, 278, 504, Guercio, Baldovino, grant recipient, 103 546–47 Guillaume (Gylielmos), Theodore, 186 Hilandar, monastery on Mount Athos, xviii, Guillou, Andre,´ 397, 440 xix, xx, xxii, 248, 252, 265, 295, 317, gulam, 580 342, 351, 360, 362, 387, 422–23, 463, Guy of Lusignan, 557 483, 508, 519, 533, 540, 542, 572, 593, 631, 632 Hagia Euphemia, village, 566, 567 praktikon for, xxii, 343, 390, 522–26, Hagia Irene, property, 504 543–44 Hagia Maria, village, 515, 516, 566, 567 typikon for, 15 Hagia Marina, village, 133, 516 Hild, Friedrich, 231 Hagia Sophia, church in Constantinople, 171, hog (Armenian word), 22 257, 614–17 Hohlweg, Armin Hagia Trias, property, 561 on charistike, 155, 157 hagiodoulos,pl.hagiodouloi, 66, 81 on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 89, 90, 92 Hagios Andreas, metochion of Lavra, village, on Leichoudes, 23 147, 148, 516, 521 on Nikephoritzes, 130 Hagios Elias, metochion of Hilandar, 519 on the origins of pronoia, 163 Hagios Elias, metochion of Psychosostria, 505 on Pankratios Anemas, 43 Hagios Mamas, village, 346, 400, 402, 441, 549, on the settling of prisoners of war, 110 554, 574 on terminology, 46 Hagios Vasileios, lake, 38, 39 homage, 210, 603 Hagiotriadites, oikonomia holder, 463 horses, 16, 71, 92–93, 161, 303, 416, 436, 502, Haldon, John, 162 582 harac, haradj see under taxes, Ottoman households see oikos;paroikos;peasants

672 Index

houses, 39, 52, 103, 318, 366, 378, 383, 386, Isauros 557, 577, 603 Demetrios, megaloallagites,landholder,316, gonika, 481 350 see also oikos; and under paroikos John, pronoia holder, 516, 518 Hris, Nikifor, pronoia holder, 523, landholder before 1321 in Tylimne, 316, 395 524 Isidore, metropolitan of Thessaloniki, 404 Htetovo monastery, 323 ius in re aliena, 157 Hungarians, 113 Iveria, theme of, 114, 115 Hvostova, Ksenia, 7, 35, 79, 306 Iviron, monastery on Mount Athos, xvii, xviii, Hypomimneskontos, monastery, 441, 574 xix, xxi, 19, 67, 77, 80, 107, 121, 133, hypomortou, 410 146, 148, 149, 263–64, 265, 266, 273, hypostasis, pl. hypostaseis, xxxvi, 36, 85, 127, 303, 306, 307, 341–42, 349, 375, 382, 377, 422, 472, 511 383, 384, 437, 438, 474, 520, 521, 524, demosiake, 377, 379 526, 533, 535, 561, 625, 631 gonike, 370, 463 Izz al-Din Kayka’us II, Seljuk sultan of Rum, tzakonike, 377, 379 250, 344 see also stasis hypostatika, 596 Jacoby, David, 7, 304, 305, 603 hypoteles, 370, 519, see also under vineyard Jakovenko, Petr, 5 Hyrtakenos, Theodore, teacher, xix, 156, 285, Jews, 78, 80 296, 356–58, 429 John Asen III, tsar of Bulgaria (1279–80), xvii, xliv, 292 Iagoupes, George, apographeus, xviii, 321 John I Tzimiskes, emperor (969–76), xlii, 101, Iantritzos, Gilles, 386 107 Iatropoulos, Demetrios, apographeus, John II Komnenos, emperor (1118–43), xlii 268–69 and estrateumena, 106, 107 ibra, 250 and imperial grants, 66, 105, 110, 165–66 idiostata, 79 and naval strateiai, 97 Il-Khanids, 587, 589 and pronoia, 36, 41, 62, 63, 89, 109, Inalcik, Halil, 581, 583, 584, 585, 586 545 income from land, 22, 98, 324–34, 340, 405, John II Orsini, despot in Epiros (1323–36/7), 419, 430, 533, 597, see also prosodos xliii, 327, 333 Indanes, Andreas, skouterios, grant recipient, John III Doukas Vatatzes, emperor of Nicaea 495 (1221–54), xlii, 20 Indriomenos, property holder, 386 chrysobulls of, 472, 473, 478 Ioannina, town, xvii, xx, 107, 417, 472, 596, and imperial grants, 225, 345, 479 607 orismoi of, xvi, 176, 177, 209, 404 Iovlachas, mill owner, 518 and pronoia, 206, 212, 225, 237, 268, 394, iqta, 164, 250, 587, 588, 592 504, 507, 546, 600 Irene prostagmata of, xvi, 193–94, 195, 209, 242, daughter of Alexios III Angelos, 168 546 protovestiaritissa, wife of George and the zeugarion, 216 Zagarommates, 479 John IV Laskaris, emperor (1258–61), xlii, 15, Irene-Adelaide, wife of Andronikos III, orismos 241, 547 of, 539–40 orismoi of, xvi, 174, 175 Irene-Yolande of Montferrat, wife of John V Palaiologos, emperor (1341–91), xliii, Andronikos II, 465, 539 17, 330, 360, 402, 529 Isaac I Komnenos, emperor (1057–59), xlii, 23, chrysobulls of, xviii, xx, xxi, xxii, 19, 319, 114, 115, 121, 139, 155 320, 339, 346, 402, 419, 443, 456, 457, Isaac II Angelos, emperor (1185–95, 1203–4), 459, 548 xlii, 97, 98, 99, 103, 168, 341 and imperial grants, 468, 506 Isabelle of Lusignan, wife of Manuel orismos of, 377 Kantakouzenos, 557 and pronoia, 403

Index 673

prostagma (?) of, 381 Kadianos, vestiarites, 260 prostagmata of, xix, xx, 349, 402, 426, 441, kaisar,pl.kaisares, xxxvii, 102, 133, 165, 167, 495, 570, 574 169 John VI Kantakouzenos, emperor (1347–54), Kalamaria, region, 425, 443, 457, 459, 461, 567 xliii, 445 Kalavar, official, 570 and “appanages,” 505, 512 Kalavaris, landholder, 570 chrysobulls of, xviii, xx, xxi, 15, 349, 375, Kalavryta, town, 305 376, 382, 457–58, 505, 548 Kalegopoulos and confiscations, 402 Constantine, vestiarites, pronoia holder, xvi, and imperial grants, xviii, 329–30, 376, 468, 193–94, 207, 212, 259, 260, 337, 355, 529 392, 432, 494 as landholder, 396, 443, 548 George, xvi, 193 memoirs of Kallinikos, monk, oikonomia holder, xix, 360, and chorion, 328, 329 362, 368, 370, 377, 378, 379–80, and civil wars, 528 386–87, 391, 392–93, 395, 409, 410, and euergesia, 333 420, 463, 483, 484, 487, 497–99, 501, on exisoseis, xviii, 326, 332, 415–16 627, 629 on a grant to mercenaries, 352–55 Kaloeidas, George, vestiarites,landholder,195, on imperial budget, 529 196, 199 and “incomes,” 324–27, 331–34, 340, 374, Kalognomos, apographeus, 322, 627 597 Kalokampos see Diavolokampos on pronoiai, 441 Kalothekia, a klasma, 73, 121 and the term oikonomia, xviii, 323 Kalothetos and the term pronoia, 16–18, 284, 285, Antonios, apographeus, xviii, 321 512 Theodotos, grant recipient, xviii, 319, 421, and timai, 333 444, 483, 484, 485 and pronoia, 334, 403, 415–16, 441, 535, Kamara, toponym, 619 574 Kamateros, imperial secretary in Epiros, xvii, prostagma of, 457 232 John VII Palaiologos, emperor (1390), xliii, Kampanos, Nicholas, apographeus, xvii, 263, 553, 563 627 chrysobulls of, xxi, 461, 553, 565 Kanina, see of, 439 prostagmata of, 461, 570 kanon, demosios, 69, 73, 77, 134, 250 John VIII Palaiologos, emperor (1425–48), Kanstamonitou, a property, 294, 398 xliii, 576 Kantakouzene John, bishop of Amazokorakia and Irene, wife of John VI, 17 Chalkolamnos, xvi, 186–88, 192 Theodora, mother of John VI, landholder, John Kalekas, patriarch of Constantinople 487 (1334–47), 328 vasilissa, grant recipient, 557 John, metropolitan of Sidon, 22, 24 Kantakouzenos John Oxeites, patriarch of Antioch, 16, 27, 28, John Komnenos, pinkernes and doux, fiscal 34, 154 official, 211 John of Poutze, official, 97 landholder in the Morea, 168 John Ugljesa,ˇ Serbian despot (1366–71), 19, Nikephoros, landholder, 443 339, 403, 551, 553, 608 kanunname, 583 judge of the army, xxxvi, 337, 338, 447, kapnikarioi, 590 467 Kapraina, village, xvii, 264–65, 342 judges, universal, xix, xli, 401 Kapsokavada, Georgije (George justice, low, 198, 492, 581, 585 Kapsokavades), pronoia holder, 524 Justin II, emperor Karakallou, monastery on Mount Athos, 542 legislation of, 16, 18, 27 Karayannopulos, Ioannes, 32 Justinian I, emperor, 255 Kardames, Euthymios, megaloallagites, Justinian II, emperor, 74 landholder, 316, 350

674 Index

Karianites, Michael, fiscal official, xxiii, 322, Kazhdan, Alexander, 6, 10 570, 572 on an act of Leo VI, 20 Karvaioi, village, 519, 554, 565, 566, 567, 568 on alienating pronoiai, 470 Karyanitissa, a property, 622 on arithmos, 79 Karyes, settlement on Mount Athos, 27 on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 64 Kassandra peninsula, 76, 78, 123, 134–35, on Gregory Palamas, 17 137–38, 148, 238, 294, 376, 520 on lifetime grants, 152 Kassandrenos, logariastes of the court, pronoia on the monk Savas, 18 holder, 295–96, 498, 521, 622 on Nikephoritzes, 130 Kastamonites, landholder, 196 on Pankratios Anemas, 44 Kastoria, town, 166, 167, 341 on posotes, 249 kastrenoi, 417 on pronoetes, 31 Kastrion, in Morea, 576 Kecharitomene, monastery in Constantinople, Kastrion,Kastrin,village,265, 343, 523–26, typikon for, 25, 78 543 Kechionismene, monastery, xvi, 175, 261 kastron,pl.kastra, xxxvii, 20, 26, 413, 419, 422, kedemonia, 19, 26 429, 576 Kedrenos, Tryphon, apographeus, xviii, 303, grants of, 159–60, 575 627 see also fortifications Kekaumenoi, monastery, 148, 253 kastrophylax,pl.kastrophylakes, xxxvii, 29, 398, Kekaumenos, general and author, 15, 26 399, 498 Kekeris, stasis of, 316, 480 Katakale, village, 457, 554 Kephalas Katakalon, stratiotes, pronoia holder, 382, 498, Leo, general, grant recipient, xv, xvi, 50, 86, 505 119, 128–29, 139–45, 146, 150, 165, kataphraktoi, 161 460 kataphygion (katafÅgion), 549 Nikephoros, proedros, son of Leo, 140 Katavolenos, John, archontopoulos,grant kephale,pl.kephalai, 419, 420, 429, 450, 510, recipient, 348 575, 576, 577, 578 katepanikion,pl.katepanikia, xxxvii, 359, 567, Kephalenia, xviii, 288, 301 618 Kerameas, Nicholas, fiscal official, 265 kathedra,pl.kathedrai, 38, 39, 46, 408, 459 Kerameus, holder of paroikoi, 381, 626 of paroikoi, 47 Keranitza, a property, 334 Katides, hetaireiarches, 383 Kerkyra, Kerkyrans, xvii, 66, 81, 234, 236, 602 Kato Ouska, village, 377, 450 Keroulas Katzaras Michael, landholder before 1321, 395, 518, George, megas adnoumiastes, oikonomia 619 holder, xxi, 337, 375, 419, 422, 426, Michael, pronoia holder in 1321, 515 428, 458, 459–60, 498, 550, 594 Kinnamos, John, historian, 110, 111, 166, 284 John, son of George, xxi, 459–60 Kiprijan, pronoia holder, 343, 524, 525 Kavala, 470 Kladon kavallares (kaballrhv), 209 archontopoulos, grant recipient, 348 kavallarios (kaballriov), pl. kavallarioi, Germanos, grant recipient, xxi, 343, 440, xxxvii, 196, 197, 198, 206, 209–10, 236, 478 295, 297, 325, 337, 339, 481, 500, 600 Theodore, official, 67, 68 andrikotatos (“most brave”), 209 klasma,pl.klasmata, xxxvii, 32, 35, 72–73, 118, pistotatos (“most faithful”), 209 120, 145, 378 Kavasilas grants of, 74, 121, 125, 129, 131, 139, 140, Alexios, megas konostaulos, 326 165 Demetrios, megas papias, grant recipient, xx, sales of, 74, 120 446, 457, 480, 498, 548 Klazomenai, town, 346 Manuel, landholder, 554 Klazomenitai, stratiotai, oikonomia holders, Nicholas, 404 xviii, 338, 346–48, 422, 428, 430, 458, Kavoures,Niketas,propertyowner,205, 209 468, 498

Index 675

klera, kleros, 108, 286 father of Eudokia, oikonomia holder, xix, gonike, 481 385, 387, 398, 469 klerikoi, 66, 80, 81 Konstonetes, Niketas, oikodespotes, 186 klerodosia (klhrodos©a), gonike, 105 Kontenos, Demetrios, apographeus, xix, 322, kleronomos,pl.kleronomoi, 44 385, 471, 627 knights, 305 Kontogrikou, village, 495, 543 Koder, Johannes, 231 Kontostephanos, John, doux of Thessaloniki, kodix,pl.kodikes, 75, 223, 244, 612 act of, xv, 37–50, 54–57, 61, 62–63, 111, Koila, market of, 78 152 Kokalas kormlenie, 3 brother-in-law of Andronikos II, xviii, Kos, 75, 77, 106, 121, 174–75, 243 323 Koskinas, 37, 38, 40 Demetrios, oikonomia holder, xx, 402, Kosmas Magister, jurist, 135 441–42, 570, 572, 574 Kosmosoteira, monastery, 104 topos of, 570 typikon for, 104–07, 166 Kokalas (Kokal), Ljutovoj, landholder, 572 Koteanitzes, Leo, grant recipient, xx, 422, Kokales, Isaac, 383–84 424–25, 444, 447, 484, 485 Kokkalou, mod. village, 572 Kotor, town, 603 Kokkos, property owner, 456 Kotzekovo, toponym, 544 Kolovos, John, 20, 21 Koukoudes, exaleimma of, 378 Kolovou, monastery, 67, 80, 121 Koukoulos, toponym, 216, 537 Komanopoulos, surname of several pronoia Kounales holders, 52 Constantine, apographeus, 322, 627 kome,pl.komai, 329 oikonomia holder, 518, 546 Komnene, Anna, historian Theodore, pronoia holder, 516, 518, 543 on Cumans, 54 kouphismos,pl.kouphismoi, 32, 35, 72, 73 on Nikephoros Melissenos, 133, 148 kouratoreia,pl.kouratoreiai, 118, 119 on the orphanage of Alexios I, xv, 22, 130 kouratores, 28 on Paulicians, 151–52, 252 Kourkoute, village, 148 on Pechenegs, 58 kouropalates, 136 on the sons of Romanos Diogenes, 147 Koustougiannis, Manuel Raoul, grant and the term pronoia, 284, 285 recipient, 426 Komnene, Maria, daughter of Manuel I Koutloumousiou, monastery on Mount Athos, Komnenos, 102 593 Komnene, Maria Tzousmene, daughter of Kouvaras, John, archontopoulos,grant John II Komnenos, 165 recipient, 348 Komnenos Kraniare, a zeugelateion, 348 Adrian, younger brother of Alexios I Kranidion, region, 427 Komnenos, xvi, 78, 134–38, 147 Krateros, Alexios, parakoimomenos, 186 Alexios, ofﬁcial, “brother” of Theodore I Kravvata, village, 148, 271 Laskaris, 179 kreittones, 199, 204, 207 Alexios, son of Alexios I’s youngest daughter Krene, village, 515, 516, 518 Theodora, 167 Kritovoulos, Michael, historian, 227 Isaac, sevastokrator, older brother of Kritzista, village, 482 Alexios I Komnenos, 30, 147–49, 239 Kroai, town, 472 Isaac, sevastokrator,thirdsonofAlexiosI Krounos (Krn), town, 293 Komnenos, 104–06, 107, 166 Krousovo, village near the Strymon, 401, John, brother of Isaac I Komnenos, father of 574 Alexios I Komnenos, 139 Krousovos, village, mod. Achladochorion, Nikephoros, youngest brother of Alexios I 451 Komnenos, 139 Krya Pegadia, village, 566, 567 Komnenoutzikos Kryvitziotes, John, apographeus, 627 epiteleia holder, 385, 498 ktaomai (ktomai), 160

676 Index

ktema (ktma), pl. ktemata, 22, 25, 38, 60, 67, rents, xix, 49, 63, 93, 182, 187–94, 238, 76, 107, 126, 129, 138, 140, 145, 146, 259, 321, 380, 406, 410–13, 432, 496, 225, 266, 272, 273, 306, 307, 325, 327, 500–01, 525 436, 523, 529, 553, 554, 574 Landza,ˇ 572 akinetos (“immovable”), 154 Langivikeia, village, 390 archontikon, 272, 363, 530, 531, 532, Lantzon, village, 499, 570, 572–73 618 Laodikenos, Nicholas, priest and nomikos, 196, chrysovoullaton, xxxv, 272, 361, 363, 436, 199, 204, 208–09 530, 531, 532, 534, 618 Larissa,inCappadocia,122 ekklesiastikon (ecclesiastical), 272, 361, 363, Larissa, in Thessaly, 140 530, 531, 618 Lascaris, Michel, 602 gonikon, 320, 478, 633 Laskarina, Maria Komnene, protosevaste, 187, monasteriakon (monastic), 272, 361, 363, 191 530, 531, 618 Laskaris prosopikon (“personal”), 270, 272, 363, 530, Constantine Komnenos, landholder, 542 531, 532 Demetrios Vryennios, grant recipient, xxiii, stratiotikon, 71, 89, 108, 160–62, 256, 272, 556, 592, 593 303, 361, 363, 415, 530, 618 George, sevastokrator,brotherofTheodoreI vasilikon (imperial), 23, 375, 504 Laskaris, 196 ktesis (ktsiv), pl. kteseis, 108, 324 Manuel Komnenos, protosevastos, pronoia akinetos (“immovable”), 109, 272 holder, 187, 188, 190–91, 237, 275 ekklesiastike (ecclesiastical), 109, 272 Michael, landholder, 341 monasteriake (monastic), 109, 272 Michael Tzamantouros, megas doux. 341 stratiotike, 109, 272 Laskaris Metochites, megas chartoularios, ktetoreia, 159 apographeus, 322, 460, 555 Kucharski, Andrzej, 3 Latin Conquest (1204), 171, 179, 236, 239, 257, Kumburgaz, mod. town, 506 287, 511, 548, 591, 599, 607, 617 kupljenica, 609 Latins, 102–03, 162–64, 168, 171, 196, 231, 232, Kyparissiou, village, 179 239, 241, 287, 298, 301, 304, 305, 596 Kyprianos as pronoia holders, 163, 186, 210, 233, 305, paroikos, 535 326 pronoia holder, 343, 526, see also Kiprijan soldiers, xxxvii, 186, 209, 210, 233, 305, 325, kyriotes, 25, 26, 158, 159 502 Kyritsis, Demetrios, 303, 473 Latzires, 253 Kyzikos, town, 25, 157 Lavra, monastery on Mount Athos, 76, 140, 255, 257, 411, 438, 439, 441, 463, 493, labor service see corvees´ 518, 533, 543, 565, 567 Laiou, Angeliki, 7, 435, 493, 501, 613 and Adrian Komnenos, xvi, 134–36, 138, Lakedaimonia, 29 406 Lampenos annual revenues, 501, 529, 532–34 Nicholas, 442 and conﬁscations, 403, 549 Theodore, pronoia holder, 516, 518 and the Cumans of Moglena, xv, 50–54, land see choraphion; ge; property, real 55–56, 173–74 land grants, 61, 85, 89, 97, 100, 109–11, and gifts of paroikoi, 67, 68, 80, 82, 243 118–23, 125, 128, 130, 131–49, 150, and Pankratios Anemas, 37–40, 42, 43, 47 151–52, 163, 220, 225, 241, 316, and periorismoi of 1300 and 1321, xxii, 350, 321, 339, 343–45, 353–55, 356, 409, 514–15, 520, 521 410, 477–85, 500, 598–99, 601, and the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 611 xxiii, 553–55, 561, 562, 563, 564–68, within pronoia grants, 181, 375, 409, 412, 569–72, 574 442, 530 and property on Lemnos, xxii, 383, 510–11 harvest, 63, 182, 229, 238, 380, 411 and the sevastokrator Isaac Komnenos, 30, land vs. revenues, 35 147, 148

Index 677

and soldiers of Moglena, 57 and ﬁscal property, 379 and solemnia, 101 and imperial property, 375, 376 and Thessalonian soldiers, 403 and oikonomia, 594 law and pronoia, 321, 510–11 canon, 159, 599, 601 Lemviotissa, monastery, 197, 300, 492, 509 Roman, 66, 473, 613 donations to, xxi, 205, 206, 318, 419, 479, Law Code of Stefan Dusanˇ see Zakonik 480–82 Lazar, Serbian prince (1371–89), xliv, 608 and epiteleiai, 201–02, 205 Lazar Brankovic,´ Serbian despot (1456–58), and the Gounaropouloi, xvi, 176–78, 180, 609 181 leases, leasing property, 135, 383–84, 385–86, imperial grants to, 216, 242, 537, 546 480, 486, 562, 616 and Kalegopoulos, xvi, 193–94 by the Church, 617 and Michael Petritzes, 211 by grant holders, 128, 131, 501 sales to, 370 by monasteries, 84, 184, 185, 501, 502 and the soldier Michael Angelos, xvii, 259 by a paroikos, 493 and solemnia, 101 by the state, 118, 124, 191, 246, 247, 377, and ta Sphournou, 195–97 381, 387, 480, 495 Leo VI, “the Wise,” emperor (886–912), 20, 33, by timar holders, 584 74, 122, 254 within pronoia grants see under land grants Leontares, Demetrios, governor of see also dekateia; morte; pakton Thessaloniki, 572 Lefort, Jacques, 7, 89, 146, 149, 313, 514, 593 Leontaria, a property, 121, 148 Legas, Xenos, paroikos, xvi, 201–02, 205, 386, Leontia, monastery in Thessaloniki, 67, 76, 80 487 Lependrenos, pronoia holder, 295–96 Leichoudes, Constantine, patriarch of Lerias, Nicholas tes, oikodespotes, 186 Constantinople, 23–25, 34, 164 Leros, island, 83, 121, 174 Leipso, isle, 121 Lesbos see Mytilene Leivadi, toponym, 511 Lestes, landholder, 481 Lekapenos, Basil, parakoimomenos, 122 liege homage, lieges see lizios Lemerle, Paul, 7 limitanei, 89 on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 89, 91, 93, Limniotes, Nikephoros, stratiotes, 185 94 Linardaina, mill of, 383 on estrateumena villages, 106–07 linovrocheion,pl.linovrocheia, 366, 391, 406, on Gregory Pakourianos, 126 619, 628 on John of Poutze, 97 Linovrocheion, village, 156, 566, 567 on joint pronoiai, 341 Lips, monastery, 171 on Kekaumenos, 15 Litavrin, Gennadij, 54, 97 on Leichoudes, 23 livadion, 391, see also pasturage on Nikephoritzes, 130 Livadion, toponym?, 391 on the orphanage of Alexios I, 22 livellikon demosion, livelloi, 125 on Pankratios Anemas, 41 livestock, 70, 87, 135, 215, 389, 407, 582, see on Peter and Asen, 98 also speciﬁc animals;pasturage on pronoia, 109 lizios,pl.lizioi, 163, 209–10, 337 on pronoiai on Kerkyra, 234–35 logariastes,pl.logariastai, xxxvii, 186, 279, 357 on the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 556, logariastes of the court, xxxvii, 521 558, 559–60 logisimon,pl.logisima, 74, 75, 76, 77–78, 101, on the settling of prisoners of war, 110 118, 125–26, 131, 132, 141, 143, 144, on soldiers in Moglena, 57 146, 150, 406, 407, 449, 598, 599, 600 on the soldiers of Patmos, 107–08 autourgion logisimon, 75 on stratiotikai kteseis, 109 logisimon anti solemniou, 77 Lemnos, xviii, xxii, 17, 101, 273, 529, 533, 550, logisimon solemnion, 77–78, 137, 144, 146, 590 150, 250 and epiteleiai, 383, 384 prokatespasmenon logisimon, 74

678 Index

logistes,pl.logistai, 357 Mamitzona, village, 360, 386, 387, 396, 410, logizomai (log©zomai), 73, 137, 141, 146 483 katalogizomai, 349 Manfred, king of Sicily (1258–66), 241 synkatalogizomai, 243 Mangana, monastery and sekreton, 23–24, 34 logothetes, logothetes tän gelän, logothetes Manglavites, Manuel, apographeus, xx, 413, toÓ genikou, logothetes tän o«keiakän, 451–53, 454, 456, 469, 476 357 Manikaites, John, archontopoulos,grant Loktista, village, 548 recipient, 348 Longos, village, 536 Manota, landholder, 507, 606 Longos peninsula, 316, 359, 392, 520, 618 Mantaia, village, 197, 199, 204, 206, 211, 215 Lopadion, town, 503 Mantaianoi, 197, 205 Loroton, village, 425, 564, 565, 566, 567 Manteianos, George, megalodoxotatos Loukites brothers, Leo and Theotimos, stratiotes, 214 stratiotai,pronoiaholders,39, 40–44, Mantzikert, battle of, 113 46, 151, 160, 337, 341, 545 Manuel Angelos, despot and emperor in Lozikin, Lozikion, village, 536, 542, 572 Thessaloniki (1230–ca. 1237), xliii, 233 Lykopoulos, grant recipient, 377 Manuel I Komnenos, emperor (1143–80), xlii, 37, 153, 163, 503 Macedonia, 327, 344, 529 chrysobulls of, 66 episkepsis of, 139, 140 and gifts of paroikoi, 64–66, 85–86, 88–89 ﬁfteenth-century, 589–95, 601 and imperial grants, 99–103, 166–67, 612 and ﬁscal property, 379 legislation of, 100, 101, 108 and imperial property, 376 and pronoia, 54, 87–97, 101, 103, 109, 112, and klasmata, 74, 120 280, 417, 598, 612 and pronoia, 171, 503, 507–10, 514, 551–74, Manuel II Palaiologos, emperor (1391–1425), 594, 601 xliii, 28, 34, 460, 553 and the Serbs, 550, 608 and pronoia, 336, 564, see also theme of, 145 “pronoiarization” Madarites, Symeon, landholder, xxi, 477–78 prostagmata of, xxii, 184, 551–52, 553, Magdalino, Paul, 161, 612 556–58, 561, 563, 568 Magkaphas, George, stratiotes, 186 Manuel Kantakouzenos, second son of John Magnesia, city, 481 VI, despot in the Morea (1349–80), Majkov, A., 3–4, 274 xliii, 557 Makremvolitissa, Eudokia, mother of Michael Manuel, paroikos of Angelos in 1300 and 1321, VII, 19, 117 519 Makrenos, Constantine, domestikos of the Marcian Treatise, 33, 46, 47, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, themes, apographeus, xviii, xxi, 295, 137, 249, 250, 252 296, 322, 397, 470, 535, 627 Margarites Makrinitissa, monastery, 264, 438 George, oikonomia holder, xx, 443–45, 497, Makrogenous, tou, village, 376 498, 548 Makros, stratiotes,landowner,506 grant recipient, 377, 379 Maksimovic,´ Ljubomir, 166, 290, 291, 512 John, grant recipient, xix, 360, 362, 363, 368, Makusev,ˇ Vikentij, 4, 274 379, 396, 409, 410, 444, 468, 472, 497, Malachiou, village, and the Malachiotai, 498, 548, 627, 630 186–92, 247, 410, 492, 600 Maria see Vasilakaina, Kale Male¨ınos,Stephen,landholder,128 Mariana, village, 554, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, Maliasenos 564 Constantine, landholder, 489 Marica, river, 503 Nicholas Komnenos, landowner, 181, battle of, 403, 460, 553, 557, 558, 574, 594 489–90 markets, 36, 37, 78, 436, 477 Mamenos Marmara, island, 420, 577 archontopoulos, grant recipient in 1344, 348 Marmaras, protonovelissimos, pronoia holder, pronoia holder in 1300 and 1321, 515 xxi, 337, 355, 410, 495–97

Index 679

Maroules, Nicholas, megaloallagites, Melintzianis, village, 349, 375, 632–33 oikonomia holder, xix, 316, 338, Melissenos 359–73, 387–96, 410, 414, 488–89, 497, George, tzaousios, grant recipient, xxi, 318, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 522, 533–34, 480 627, 629 Nikephoros, brother-in-law of Alexios I, Martinos grant recipient, 132, 136, 148, 169 Nikephoros, stratiotes, oikonomia holder, melissoennomion, 366, 389, 559, 560, 565, 619, 337, 339, 466, 498, 540–42 628 Peros, kavallarios, pronoia holder, xviii, Melissourgos, Makarios, 285 294–95, 337, 398, 498, 542 Melitene, city, 119 Masgidas, John, property owner, 349 Melnik, town, xxi, 248, 397, 451, 472–74, 477, Matthew I Kantakouzenos, son of John VI, 485, 535 co-emperor (1353–57), despot in the theme of, 451 Morea (1380–83), xliii, 330, 505, 506, Memaniomenos, plain, 479 512 Mentesche, emirate, 588, 591 Maurophoros, landholder, 498, 548 mercy (eleemosyne), 613 Mauropodos, Andronikos, fiscal official, xvi, “mercy of the emperor,” 265, 266, 321–23, 183, 184, 186, 552 343, 399, 411, 475, 477–80, 482, 618 Meander, river, 186, 215, 235, 239, 263, 591 meridion, 544 mega allagion,pl.megala allagia, xxxvii, xli, meropsi, 607 339, 503, 587 mesazon, 23 Serriotikon mega allagion, xxi, 338, 339, 419, Mesolimna, toponym, xv, 128, 139–40, 142 463 Mesopotamites Thessalonian mega allagion, xix, xxii, 316, Andronikos, archontopoulos, grant recipient, 338, 339, 350, 359, 361, 384, 402, 498, 348 502, 524, 536, 537, 539, 586, 618 Syrmanouel, kavallarios, oikonomia holder, megale doukaina, xxxvii xx, 337, 446, 456, 457, 498 megaloallagites,pl.megaloallagitai, xxxvii, 363, Metallin, village, 567 500 Methone, town, 168 megalodoxotatos,pl.megalodoxotatoi, xxxvii, metochion,pl.metochia, xxxviii, 551, 552 186, 213, 214, 229, 236, 337, 339 Metochites Megalonas, landholder, 334 Alexios Laskaris, megas domestikos, megas adnoumiastes, xxxvii, 337, 338, 447, 459, landowner, 555 467 Theodore, xix, 356, 358 megas chartoularios, xxxviii Michael Asen III Siˇ sman,ˇ tsar of Bulgaria megas dioiketes, xxxviii (1323–30), 362, 465, 470 megas domestikos, xxxvi, xxxviii, 139, 338, 416 Michael I Keroularios, patriarch of of the west, 125 Constantinople (1043–58), 23 megas doux, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii, 138, 139, Michael II Komnenos Doukas, ruler and 149, 465 (from ca. 1250) despot in Epiros megas droungarios of the fleet, 139 (ca. 1230–67/8), xliii, 233, 241, 293, megas konostaulos, xxxvi, xxxviii, 326 341, 546 megas logariastes, 357, 358 chrysobulls of, xvii, 234–35 megas logothetes, xxxvi, xxxviii Michael II Oxeites, patriarch of megas papias, xxxviii, 337 Constantinople (1043–46), 5, 21 megas primmikerios (or primikerios), xxxvi, Michael IV Paphlagon, emperor (1034–41), xxxviii, 337, 338 xlii, 114, 115, 116 megas stratopedarches, xxxvi, xxxviii, 325, 331 Michael VII Doukas, emperor (1071–78), xlii, Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan (1402–21), xliv 24, 116 Mehmed II the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan chrysobulls of, xv, 77, 86, 123, 124, (1451–81), xliv, 326, 580, 583 125 Melanoudion, town, xvi, 186, 187, see also and imperial grants, 117, 123, 126, 611 Mylasa and Melanoudion legislation of, 159, 160

680 Index

Michael VIII Palaiologos, emperor (1259–82), monasteries xliii, 241, 344, 345, 492, 496, 504 as grant holders, 36, 66–68, 73, 75–78, chrysobulls of, xvii, xviii, xx, 27, 186, 265, 79–86, 97, 114, 120–22, 170, 180, 258, 268, 269, 270, 308, 341, 423, 424, 439, 280, 313, 314, 339, 384, 388, 504, 523, 495, 523, 614, 628 531, 538, 545–46, 581, 598–601, 624, conﬁscations, 400, 507 627, 629 ﬁscal policies, 241, 283 Serbian, 508, 608, 632 and highlanders of Anatolia, 547 as pronoia holders?, 254, 271–72, 300–13, and imperial grants, 241, 248, 251, 282, 292, 606 296, 327, 418, 423, 442, 458, 481, 489, in Serbia, 606 612 Monemvasia, city, 20, 305, 472 legislation of, 612 Mongols, 250, 344, 551 and oikonomia, 257, 258, 294, 301, 309, 313, Monomachos 315, 362, 474, 600 George, prokathemenos of Smyrna, 214 orismoi of, xvi, xvii, 174–76, 183, 186–88, Michael, eparchos, oikonomia holder, xix, 189–90, 191, 259, 404 337, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 371, and posotes, 243, 244, 250, 258, 281 373–74, 379, 387, 391–93, 405, 409, and pronoia, 241, 266–68, 274, 275–77, 279, 410, 422, 425, 438, 446, 447, 450, 468, 280–82, 313, 342, 394, 432, 455, 473, 497, 498, 499, 500, 620–23, 626–27, 509, 510, 513, 600, 605 629–30 prostagmata of, xvii, 266–68, 273, 295, 395, monopolies, Gr. monopolia, 288 417, 440, 595 Monospeton, agridion, xxii, 540–42 Michael IX Palaiologos, co-emperor monoxylon,pl.monoxyla, 620–22, 623 (1294/5–1320), xviii, xliii, 293–94 monydrion, 157, 483 chrysobull of, xxii, 314, 508 Morea, 168, 169, 287, 326, 557, 576 prostagma of, 539 despotate of the, xxxv, xli, xliii, 291, 419, Miletos, city, 86, 123, 171, 176, 183, 184, 185, 425, 577, 594 186, 235, 261, 262, 263, 504, 509, Frankish, 8, 241, 596 591 and pronoia, 336, 511–12, 575 military lands see under ktema morte, 179, 410, 411, 495, 496, 506, see also military service see under service, imperial dekateia; leases; pakton Miller, Timothy, 17 Mosin,ˇ Vladimir, 523, 558 mills, 365, 369, 370, 372, 380, 384, 406, 425, Mosynopolis, town, 75, 125, 126, 151 477, 493, 518, 543, 584 theme of, 363 animal, 128 Mourinos demosiakon, 379 Demetrios, protovestiarites, grant recipient, mill fees, 380, 381 xvii, 270–71, 438, 462, 484, 493, 497, water, 128, 345, 369, 380, 413, 474–75, 498, 500, 610 583 Markos Doukas Glavas, landholder, 493 wind, 194, 369, 380 Moustoxydes, Andreas, 4 missa, 576 Mouzalon Mistra, town, xxii, 511 George, 241 mixovarvaros (mixobrbarov), 92 Theodore, megaloallagites, grant recipient, mizan, 576 402 Modenos, Basil, son of the priest Modenos, xx, Theodore, megas logothetes, xvii, xviii, 279, 423 343 Modenos, priest, grant recipient, xx, 422–24, Mouzethras, Leo, priest, 199, 200, 203 447, 458, 484 Muntaner, Ramon, chronicler, 502 Moglena, theme of, 50, 54, 56, 57–58, 62, 110, Murad I, Ottoman sultan (1362–89), xliv, 584, 140, 503, see also under Cumans 593 Molinetes, landholder, 168 Murad II, Ottoman sultan (1421–51), xliv, Monachos, Basil, military commander, 29 589 monasteriakos see under episkepsis; ktema; Muscovy, 8 ktesis; pronoia (the word) musellem¨ , 588

Index 681

Mutafchieva, Vera, 581, 583, 584, 586, 588 chrysobulls of, 19, 29, 67, 68, 76, 124, 136 Mutafciev,ˇ Peter, 6, 7, 98, 331, 352 and coinage, 116 Mykonos, 603 and Gregory Pakourianos, 125, 126 Mylasa and Melanoudion, theme of, 109, 172, and imperial grants, 19, 114, 117, 123, 264 131 Myrelaion, sekreton of the, 117, 121 and John of Sidon, 22, 24 Myriophyton, village, 123, 148 and Leo Kephalas, 129, 139 Mystakones, village, 516, 518, 566, 567 and Othon and Vaasprakanites, 86, 128 Mytilene (Lesbos), 290, 291 and rogai, 114 Mytzes, lord of Turnovo,˘ grant recipient, 292, Nikomedeia, city, 110 327 Nikopolis, town, 169 myzai see meizai Nis,ˇ town, 37, 166 nome (nom), 51, see also usufruct Naupaktos, town, xvi, xvii, 171, 228, 229, Nomikopoulos, Theodore, grant recipient, xx, 232 422, 427–28, 447, 462 navy, xxxviii, 97, 615 nomikos, 196, 199, 204, 208 Nea Mone, monastery on Chios, 73, 74, 77, 80, Normans, 95, 97, 113, 132, 163 84, 121 notaries, 208, 234 Nea Mone, monastery in Thessaloniki, 557 Novi Pazar, mod. city, 608 Nea Olinthos, mod. village, 123 Nymphai, village, 356 Nea Petra, monastery, 181, 411, 438, 495 Nymphaion, treaty of, 502 Neakitou, monastery on Mount Athos, 398 Neakitou, a property, 398 Ohrid, xvii, 233, 553, 606 Neochorion, village, 403, 461, 554 oikeios,pl.oikeioi, xxxviii, 261, 459 Neokastrites, stratiotes, grant recipient, 400, oikodespotes,pl.oikodespotai, 186, 199, 200, 498 204–06, 207 Nerezi, monastic church, 167 Oikonomeiou, village, 506 Nesion, village, 373, 622, 626 oikonomia (ﬁscal sense), 257–61, 618–19 Nestongos, Constantine Doukas, apo tes oikonomias (p¼ tv o«konom©av), parakoimomenos of the megale 295, 351, 374, 447, 457, 468, 499, 541, sphendone,landholder,492 546 Nevoliani, village, 366, 373, 622, 626 archontike, 356 Nicaea, empire of, 171, 220, 239, 250, 320, 394, and Byzantium’s neighbors, 604 513 charin oikonomias (crin o«konom©av), 254, and pronoia, 224, 226–27, 235, 237, 238, 261, 262, 263, 268, 269, 600 239–40, 289, 375, 431, 474, 513 and chrysobulls, 323 Nicaea, town, 327 di’ oikonomias (di’ o«konom©av), 339, 346, Nicholas I Mystikos, patriarch of 388 Constantinople (901–7), 18, 243, 252, and dikaion, 273 253, 254, 255, 286 eis oikonomian (e«v o«konom©an), 256, 257, Nicholas of Methone, 19 269, 418, 541, 544 Nicholas tou Eudokimou, oikonomia holder, eis ten posoteta tes oikonomias (e«v tn 321 pos»thta tv o«konom©av), 460, 540 Nikanor, Hosios, 32 eis to poson tes oikonomias (e«v t¼ pos¼n tv Nikephoritzes, chief minister of Michael VII, o«konom©av), 441, 442, 459, 499, 570 117, 130 ektos tou posou tes oikonomias (kt¼v toÓ Nikephoros II, despot of Epiros (1356–58 or posoÓ tv o«konom©av), 445, 451, 452, 59), 545 454, 463 Nikephoros II Phokas, emperor (963–69), xlii, entos tou posotetos tes oikonomias (nt¼v toÓ 28, 161 pos»thtov tv o«konom©av), 321, 499 legislation of, 120, 153, 256 epi te oikonomia (pª t¦ o«konom©), 440 Nikephoros III Botaneiates, emperor increases, 267 (1078–81), xlii, 114 in introductory formulas of praktika, 264, and Christodoulos, 75, 121 272–74, 308, 314, 315, 321, 361–62

682 Index

oikonomia (ﬁscal sense) (cont.) Oinaiotes jointly-held, 345, 347, 348, 351 Constantine Palaiologos, apographeus, xxiii, kat’ oikonomian (kat’ o«konom©an), 254 571 in literary sources, 310–11, 323 John, apographeus, 627 and monasteries, 306–15, 437, 442, 600–01, opsonion,pl.opsonia, 64, 65 618 Orestes nature and evolution, 242, 251–52, 266, Constantine, archontopoulos, oikonomia 268–70, 281, 283, 309–15, 351, 417, holder, 451 432, 550, 594, 597, 600–01 John Sgouros, archontopoulos, oikonomia and posotes, 251, 258, 260, 273 holder, xx, 320, 347, 414, 445, 446, 447, and pronoia, 257–58, 266, 268, 273, 282, 448, 451–56, 458, 469, 476, 484, 485 283, 284, 294–300, 302, 307, 310, 311, Nicholas, archontopoulos, oikonomia holder, 313, 351, 407, 594, 597, 625 451 pros oikonomian (pr¼v o«konom©an), 259, Theodore, archontopoulos, oikonomia 260, 600 holder, 451 stratiotike (military), 472 Orhan, son of Osman, emir of Bithynia see also pronoia (the word); pronoia grants (1326–62), xliv, 595 oikonomia (general senses), 19, 99, 252–57, orismos,pl.orismoi, xxxix, 323, 355 260, 307 Ormisas, exaleimma of, 622, 626 Oikonomides, Nicolas, 7 orphanage, Gr. orphanotropheion, xv, 22, 131 on anti-oikoumenou, 373 orthosis, 72, 74 on conﬁscations, 403 Osin,ˇ 51 on Cretan episkepseis, 97–104 Osman, emir of Bithynia (1288–1326), xliv on Demetrios Devlitzenos, 458 Ostrogorsky, George, 6–7 on gonikon, 319 on Amnon and Radenos, 351 on grants to mercenaries, 353, 354 on Choniates’ “gifts of paroikoi,” 65, 88, 89, on hereditary pronoiai, 475 90–92 on joint pronoiai, 342 on the Cumans of Moglena, 53, 54 on the Klazomenitai, 346, 348 on hereditary pronoiai, 468 on Leichoudes, 24 on John III Vatatzes, 20, 225 on Manuel I and grants of land, 100 on John Palaiologos, 290 on the Marcian and Zavorda treatises, 33 on joint pronoiai, 341 on Michael VII and kastra, 159 on landholders and their paroikoi, 408, 492 on the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 558, on Leichoudes, 23 569 on Leo Kephalas, 145 on Radolivos, 146 on the Marcian Treatise, 33 on the Skordiles family, 60 on Nikephoritzes, 130 on taxation, 69, 70, 562–63, 569, 612 and oikonomiai, 301 on the zeugarion, 218 on the orphanage of Alexios I, 22 oikonomies (o«konom©ev), 256 on Pankratios Anemas, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47–48, oikonomo (o«konomä), 88, 252, 254, 296 49–50 oikonomos, 229, 238, 252, 412 on Phiomachos, 602 oikos,pl.oikoi, 79, 252 on posotes, 315 demosiarioi oikoi, 80 on the “pronoiarization” of Manuel II, 558, divine (theios), 28 560, 562 exkoussateutoi oikoi, 66, 81 on Radoslav Sampias, 429 exkoussatoi oikoi. 67, 68, 69, 80, 136 on Renier of Montferrat, 102, 275 exkousseuomenoi oikoi, 136 on Serbian pronoia, 608 pious (euages), 74, 77, 121, 157 on the settling of prisoners of war, 110 see also houses on the sevastos Petritzes, 419 oikoumenon, 364, 365, 366, 371–74, 395, 619, on the Skordiles family, 59 620–21, 625, 627, see also on the soldier Gazes, 537 anti-oikoumenou on Synadenos, 37

Index 683

on Syrgares’ paroikoi, 200 Anna, vasilissa, wife of John II Orsini, 327, on Syrgares’ pronoia, 203, 204, 205, 206, 333, 334 208 Theodora, megale doukaina,landowner, on terminology, 46, 271, 304, 306 245, 315, 362, 465, 470, 483 on the typikon of Isaac Komnenos, 105 Palaiologos, Andronikos, despot of on Vardan, 523 Thessaloniki, son of Manuel II, orismos on the Vasilikoi, 418 of, 567 Othon (Otos), grant recipient, 86, 128, 131 Palaiologos, Andronikos, megas Otto of Tournai, holder of Kalavryta, 305 stratopedarches, grant recipient, 325 Ourliakon, village, 490, 618, 619 Palaiologos, Constantine, second son of Ovelos, village, 382, 535 Andronikos II, 541 ownership, 128, 188, 189, 238, 318, 382, 385, Palaiologos, Constantine, third son of Michael 404, 407, 431, 453, 455, 469, 473, see VIII, 525 also despoteia; dominium; kyriotes Palaiologos, John, despot, brother of Michael oxen, 70, 86, 135, 216, 217, 218, 219, 370, 388, VIII, xvii, 264–65, 269, 496, 523 590, 620–22, see also under zeugarion as grant recipient, 289–92, 546 Oxynon, village, 561, 566, 567 and pronoia, 336 Ozianos, George, 342 Palaiologos, John, despot, son of Andronikos II, 539 Pachymeres, George, historian, 502, 527 Palaiologos, John, panhypersevastos, nephew of on despot John Palaiologos, xvii, 289–92 Andronikos II, 539 on Eltimir, xviii, 293 Palamas, Gregory, metropolitan of on hereditary pronoiai, xvii, 275–79 Thessaloniki, 17, 19, 278, 344 on the highlanders of Anatolia, xvi, 226–27, Palatia see Miletos 547 Paliokomi, mod. village, 360 on John Asen III, xvii, 292 Panachrantinoi paroikoi, 184–85 on lizioi, 210 Panachrantos, monastery in Constantinople, on Michael IX, xviii, 293–94 124, 171, 183–85 on pronoia soldiers, xix, 302, 395, 415 Panagia, village, 516, 566, 567 on the “pronoiai” of churches and Panaretos monasteries, xviii, 302–03, 305–06, 311 John, hetaireiarches, oikonomia holder, xx, on the taxing of “pronoiai,” xx, 432–35 317, 337, 446, 449–50, 498 on the Vasilikoi, xx, 418 landholder in 1340s, 450 and the word oikonomia, 296, 311, 340, 415 Leo, apographeus, 322 and the word pronoia, 15, 20, 284, 285, 289, Panaretou, village, xvi, 199, 200, 201, 204, 294, 311, 340 205–06, 207, 209 Padyates, Theodore, pronoia holder, 504 Pancenko,ˇ Boris, 5 paidopouloi, 542 panegyris see fair Pakourianos, Apasios, grant recipient, 131, panhypersevastos, xxxv, xxxix 140, 146, 160 pansevastos, xxxix, 213, 337, 339, 454 Pakourianos, Gregory, megas domestikos of the Panteleemon, monastery on Mount Athos, west, grant recipient, 75, 87, 131–32, xviii, 321, 441, 574 140, 144, 145, 146, 413 Pantelion, town, 121 typikon of, xv, 26, 30, 75, 125–28 Pantokrator, monastery, 386, 516 Pakourianos, Symbatios, kouropalates, 145, Pantokrator, monastery in Constantinople, 146, 150 168, 171, 179, 545 pakton,pl.pakta, 75, 124, 616 typikon for, xv, 26, 36, 44, 61, 62–63, 78, 106, paktotikon. 616 107 palaiochorion,pl.palaiochoria, 566, 571 Pantokrator, monastery on Mount Athos, 256 gonikon, 539 Pantokratorena, a property, 386, 516 Palaiologina Papachryssanthou, Denise, 253, 359, 400 Anna, daughter of Michael VIII, sister of Papanikolopoulos, tzakon,landholder,264, 342 Andronikos II, 464 Paphlagonia, 167

684 Index

Papylas, Michael, ﬁscal ofﬁcial, xix, 360, 627 number of, 204, 387–88, 523–26 paradidomi (parad©dwmi), 51, 191, 261, 262, relations with pronoia holder, xvii, 48, 274 183, 195, 197, 198–99, 207, 211, paradosis,pl.paradoseis, 55, 56, 61, 356, 378 229–32, 388, 486–94, 610, 616, 628 apographike, 459 see also gifts of paroikoi; peasants; paradotes, 214, 215 zeugaratos parakoimomenos, xxxix paroikotopion, 126 parakoimomenos of the megale sphendone, Partitio Romaniae, 168–69 xxxix, 492 Paspara, village, 506 parakolouthemata see under taxes pasturage, pasturage enclosures, pastures, 52, parapempo (parapmpw), 453 55, 57, 70, 140, 173–74, 270, 271, 368, Parapolia, region, 506 389–91, 413, 443, 498, 629, see also Paraschi, widow, 603 ennomion Parisot, V., 352 Patmos, island, 106 paroikia, 177, 181, 211, 212, 423 Patmos, monastery of St. John Theologos, xv, paroikikon see under stasis; telos xvi, 66, 76, 81, 83, 85, 101, 103, 107, paroikos, pl. paroikoi 121, 172, 174, 183–85, 186, 189–91, aparadotos (pardotov), 56 192, 243, 248, 253, 300, 375, 379, 479, atelos (tlov), 66–68, 80, 81, 82–85, 128, 509 136 typikon for, 255 conferral of, xvi, 213–14, 215, 217, 218, 220, Patras, town, 168 223, 224, 364 Patrikijevo, village, 632 dedemosieumenoi paroikoi, 80 patrikios, 29, 122 demosiarioi paroikoi, 80, 107, 142, 197 Patrikios family, 632 disputes over, 37, 38, 40, 49, 50–53, 55, 348 Patrikios, Manuel Angelos, 422, 424, 446, 447, eleutheros, 48, 66, 81, 82–85, 339, 348, 436, 457, 484, 485, 498, 632–33 488, 524 Patrikiotes, apographeus, xix, 324, 415–16, estrateumenos, 106, 107 441 houses of, 38–39, 42–43, 47, 52, 57, 545 Patrikona, a zeugelateion, xxi, 345, 375, killing of, xvii, 229 459–60, 561 of laymen, 205, 532 patrimony see under property, real of monasteries, 494, 532 Pauchome, village, 197 rates of taxation, 612 Paul, hegoumenos of Lemviotissa, 205 nature and evolution, 37, 90, 126–28, Paul, protos of Mt. Athos, 253 135–36, 147, 183, 202–04, 212, 238, Paulicians, 151, 252 406, 532 peasants obligations of, 5, 49, 53, 56, 57, 70, 127, 135, estrateumenoi, 107, 108, 110 144, 146, 178, 181, 182, 201, 202, 306, propertyless, 67, 86, 87, 90, 380, 406, 407 388–94, 420, 423, 424, 487, 532, 569, proprietor, 78, 89, 90, 126, 143, 146, 200, 611, see also under telos 316 and private lease arrangements, 57, see also tenant farmers, 47, 79, 90, 126, 127, 128, leases 135–36, 143, 144, 151, 212, 218 property of, 135, 181, 218, 378, 380, 389, see also paroikos 395, 410, 492, 494, 532, 611, see also Pechenegs, 58, 95, 110, 113, 123, 132, 162 under stasis Pegolotti, merchant, 576 and property disputes, 185, 195–97, 207, Peira, 16, 135 238 Pelagonia, town, 241, 496, 503 ptochos,pl.ptochoi, 339 Peloponnesos see Morea as soldiers, 305 Pelorhygion, toponym, 447 tenants vs. taxpayers, 200 Pentalopoulos, toponym, 387 transfers of, 39, 47, 50, 52, 140, 266, 394 Pephlegmenou, toponym, 546 within pronoia grants, 48, 161, 179, 181, Peplatismenos, Constantine, oikonomia 205, 387, 406, 494, 532, 549 holder, 261, 262

Index 685

Pergamenos, Constantine, apographeus, xix, Phiomachos, Stephen, pronoiarios, 602 xxii, 322, 359, 491, 514, 619, 627 Phokaia, town, 324 perierchomai (perircomai), 399, 453 Phokas Perigardikeia, village, 554, 559, 560, 561–63, Michael, stratopedarches, fiscal offical, 195, 564 215 periorismos,pl.periorismoi, xxii, xxxix, 355, Nikephoros, son of Vardas Phokas, 136 514–21 Vardas, 136 perisseia, 267, 394–96, 413, 414, 545, 619, see Phournia, village, 390, 392, 395, 488, 490, 618, also under ge 619, 628 peritero (perithrä), 261 Phouskes, pronoia holder, 516, 518 Perivleptos, monastery in Thessaloniki, 386 Phouskoulou, toponym, 519 permastica, 235 Phrangos, 387 pertinentia, 168–69 pigs, 214, 218, 370, 389, 390, 391, 620–22 Peter see Fahr al-Din pinkernes, xxxix Peter, ruler of Bulgaria (1196–97), xv, 98, 341 Pinson, village, 521, 564–66, 567, 568 Petomenos, pronoia holder, 515, 516, 518, 519 pittakion,typeofdocument,126 Petraliphas, Theodore, landholder, 263, 264, Pitzikopoulos, Michael, archontopoulos,grant 341 recipient, 402 Petritzes Plagena, village, 376 George, sevastos,landowner,419 Planetes, landholder, 211, 481 Michael, in 1280s, 212 Planites, Nikodemos, monk, landowner and Michael, pronoia holder, xvi, 210–12, 491 paroikos, xvi, 210–11, 212 Michael, stratiotes in 1275–76, landowner, Planou, village, 206, 481 212, 370 Planoudes, Maximos, scholar and grant Petritzos-Backovo,ˇ monastery, xv, 125 recipient, 156 Petzea, toponym, 511 Plav, town, 607 pezoi, 590 plesiasmos, 470 Phakrases, Demetrios, official, xix, 349, 350 Plethon see Gemistos, George phamiliai, 590 Plexeidas, landholder, 521 Phanarion, kastron in Morea, 575–76 Plytos, Demetrios, grant recipient, xviii, 316, Phanarion, town in Thessaly, 472 317, 324, 350, 444, 480 Pharisaios, George, apographeus, xviii, xix, Poleas family, 205, 207 xxii, 316, 322, 350, 359, 362, 491, 514, George, son of John, 200 539, 619, 627 John, priest, paroikos, xvi, 199–200, 203, Pharmakes 204, 206 Demetrios, landholder near Kalamaria, 443 Thomas, paroikos, son of John, 199, 200, George, grant recipient in western 206 Chalkidike, 377, 457 polichnia, 329 grant recipient on the Strymon, 401 Polygyros, monastery, 80 Pharsala, town, 168, 231 Polyphyllon, village, 511 Philadelphia, city, 215, 253, 550 pomestie, 3, 8, 274 Philanthropenos Porianites, John, son-in-law of Modenos, George Doukas, kephale, 510 423 official, 510, 511 Portarea, village, 148, 401, 574 Philip II of Taranto, prince of Achaia, 234 Poseidippos of Pella, ancient poet, 303 Philippopolis, 125, 151 poson, 242, 243–44, 247, 274, 296, 307, 315, 460 Philommates, 525 eis to poson (e«v t¼ pos¼n), 459, 570 Euthymios, stratiotes,landholder,385 ektos tou posou (kt¼v toÓ posoÓ), 445, 451, George, 555 452, 454, 463, 477, 499 Nicholas see Filomat, Nikola posotes,pl.posotetes, 242–51, 263–65, 269, Philotheos, patriarch of Constantinople, 16 273–74, 281, 302, 313, 315–16, 346–48, Philotheou, monastery on Mount Athos, 339, 367, 369, 371–72, 380, 381, 445, 450, 388, 448 460, 498, 536, 543, 600, 624, 628

686 Index

posotes,pl.posotetes (cont.) pronijarevići, 608 entos tes posotetos (nt¼v tv pos»thtov), pronoetes,pl.pronoetai, 29, 30, 31, 96, 138, 147, 577 149, 153 epekeina tes posotetos (pkeina tv pronoetikos (pronohtik»v, pronohtikäv), 24, pos»thtov), 537 34–35, 61, 154, 228, see also under dorea increases, 441 pronoia (the word), 1, 32, 36–37, 45–46, 61, nomismatike (monetary), 261–62, 271–72 597, 598 of pronoia grants, 363, 450, 457, 497–502, apo tes pronoias (p¼ tv prono©av), 196, 533–34, 587 215, 289, 295, 303, 525 and Turkish influence, 251 and Byzantium’s neighbors, 602–04 possessio, 42, 157 and charistike, 157 possession, 135, 382, 385, 407, 473 dia pronoias echo (di prono©av cw), Potamenoi, 195–97, 198–99, 207, 209 496 Potamou, village, 195, 196, 204, 207 in documents, 251, 257–58, 268, 271, 273, Poungion, village, 539–40 300, 304–06, 511, 550, 552, 594–95, praktikon,pl.praktika, xxxix, 271–74, 306–10, 601 312, 379–81, 388–94, 612, 624–29 eis pronoian (e«v pr»noian), 45–46, 55, 62, demosiakon, 211 158, 191, 194, 259, 260, 291, 557, 575, for pronoia holders, 212, 223, 224, 236, 355, 600 358–75, 618, 623 eis pronoian doro (e«v pr»noian dwrä), revisions, 213, 236, 414 187, 191 stratiotikon (military), 211, 212, 363 eis pronoian echo (e«v pr»noian cw), 38, praktor,pl.praktores, 39, 55, 56, 186 39, 45, 61, 188, 191, 192, 193, 292, 339 praxis, 38, 39, 40–41 eis pronoian euergeto (e«v pr»noian Preakotzelos, grant recipient, xxii, 382, 498, eÉergetä), 557 538 eis pronoian katecho (e«v pr»noian Preasnitza, village, 425 katcw), 42, 45, 61, 196 precedence, lists of see under titles eis pronoian paradidomi (e«v pr»noian pre-emption, right of, 470, 593 parad©dwmi), 56, 62, 192 Prevista, village, xix, 245, 315, 360, 362, 391, ekklesiastike (ecclesiastical), 271, 302, 509 465, 470, 483, 488, 522, 542 ektos pronoion (kt¼v pronoiän), 614, 615, Prilep, town, 553 616 Prinikon, village, 577 general senses, 14–26 Prinkips, George, fiscal official, xxii, xxiii, 322, idiomatic expressions, with axio (xiä), 16, 559, 564, 565, 569, 571 17, 18 Prinovare, village, 492 idiomatic expressions, with poio (poiä), 15, privileges, 611–13, see also gifts; grants; tax 16, 26, 184, 334, 506, 512 exemption idiomatic expressions, with tithemi (t©qhmi), proasteion,pl.proasteia, xxxix, 36, 46–47 18 vasilikon (imperial), 375 kata logon pronoias (kat l»gon prono©av), Prodromos tes Petras, monastery, 402 52, 55, 62, 193, 194, 231, 259, 405 Prodromos, St. John, monastery near Serres, kata logon pronoias echo (kat l»gon xix, xxi, xxii, 320, 334, 343, 372, 379, prono©av cw), 177, 178 383–84, 397, 440, 450, 466, 470, 477, kata logon pronoias katecho (kat l»gon 478, 479, 540–41, 581 prono©av katcw), 52, 55, 62, 178 proedros, xxxix kata logon pronoias prosanecho (kat prokathemenos,pl.prokathemenoi, 198, 210, l»gon prono©av prosancw), 230 236, 337, 339 kata pronoian (kat pr»noian), 55, 62, 187, promastica, 235 192, 600 promyˇsljenije, 15 kata pronoian echo (kat pr»noian cw), pronija, 3, 4, 8, 343, 508, 524, 525, 606 187, 192 cr’kvna, 606 kata pronoian katecho (kat pr»noian pronijar, 3, 606, 607, 608 katcw), 55, 178

Index 687

Komanike, 51, 54, 62 additional privileges, 323, 348, 450, 454, in literary sources, 96, 130–31, 225, 280, 456, 609 284–94, 325, 327, 433 administrative rights, 577 monasteriake (monastic), 271, 302, fungibility, 62, 397, 536, 537 509 hereditary rights, xvii, 241, 259–60, 274–81, and oikonomia, 270, 298, 309–15 320, 323, 346, 347, 360, 362, 384, 426, prosopike (“personal”), 271, 302, 509 428, 436, 440, 442–61, 463–69, 475–76, stratiotike (military), 88, 271, 302, 340, 497, 535, 600, 601, 602, 609 509 judicial rights, 198, 207 and timar, 596 land see under land grants vasilike (imperial), 350 paroikoi see under paroikos pronoia grants right to improve, 413–14, 436, 457 compared with tax exemption, 610, 624 charistike, 158 tax revenue see under tax revenue grants to other laymen and monasteries, pronoia grants, geographic distribution, 274, 281, 598, 600 503–26 mercenary pay, 93, 95, 502, 503 Aegean islands, 376 oikonomia grants, 296–300 Asia Minor, 171, 183, 239, 504, 617 stratiotika ktemata, 160–62 Epiros, 171 conferral process, 213–24, 236, 323–24, Lemnos, 510–11 355–58, 414 Macedonia, 171, 507–10, 513, 514–26, conferring authority, 336 606 and epiteleiai, 201 Chalkidike, 514–22 financing, 172, 398, 534, 554, 557, Morea, 511–12, 513 558 Thessaly, 171, 510, 513 and “gifts of paroikoi,” 88, 89 Thrace, 171, 504–07, 513 historiography, 7 Trebizond, 512–13 and “incomes,” 324–34 pronoia grants, transfers, 388, 542–45 increases in size, 395, 416, 441–42, 454 alienation, 183, 236, 258, 274, 297, 454, 455, jointly held, 340–52, 476, 518, 525 469–81, 485, 505, 535, 607 legal status, 404–08, 473–74 donations, 343, 345, 385, 398, 471, 486 managing, 208–09, 410–14 donations, conditional, 321, 474–77 and Muslim institutions, 164, 250–51, see sale, 472, 535 also timar Serbia, 471, 507 nature and evolution, 4, 54, 63, 96, 109, 111, exchanges, 244, 264, 397, 466, 511, 535–42, 112, 164, 172, 178, 183, 236, 238, 239, 564–68 258, 274–76, 280–81, 594, 597, involuntary, 535–49, 595 599–602, 612 confiscations see under confiscations origins, 112, 153, 170 through conquest, 171, 548–49 posotes vs. true value, 500, 502, 503 reassignment, 215, 394, 466, 549 prevalence, 240, 267, 280, 526, 532, 611 see also property transfers purpose, 46, 63, 94, 161, 240 pronoia holders and Serbia, 3, 4, 401, 509, 604–10 non-pronoia property of, 370 significance, 611 number of, 526, 534 taxation of, xx, 104, 431–40, 615, 616 place of residence, 49, 57, 63, 175, 232, terminology, 283–335 408–09, 430 value see posotes and property disputes, xvii, 37–40, 43, and the word oikonomia, 251, 266, 309–15, 50–52, 55–56, 172–78, 179, 187, 189, 601 190, 193–94, 196–97, 198–99, 204, 207, pronoia grants, components, 47–49, 50, 62, 63, 218, 228–29, 234, 236, 420, 440, 96, 181–83, 210, 237–39, 297, 310, 465–66, 491–92, 494–97, 522, 573 374–94, 405–07, 431–32, 522, 564, 574, relations with their paroikoi see under 575, 601 paroikos

688 Index

pronoia holders (cont.) pronoiazo, pronoiazomai see pronoiarize service obligation, 281, 312, 417–18, 430, pronoies (prono±ev), 288, 305 468, 602 pronoo, pronooumai (pronoä, pronooÓmai), military, 4, 5, 50, 54, 96, 220–23, 233, 280, 22, 29, 30, 31 415, 417–18, 428, 441, 470, 473, 599, pronoos, 14 609 property transfers non-military, 429 confiscations see confiscations social status, 50, 53, 58, 111, 112, 193, 209, donations, xviii, xix, xxi, 120, 181, 385, 469, 214, 237, 258, 279, 280, 281, 340, 388, 471, 474–86, 555, 609 430, 447, 468 dowries, 177, 180–81, 370, 453, 504, Serbia, 608 619 as witnesses, 185 exchanges, 244, 456, 512, 538 pronoia holders, types, 236–37, 258, 278, 280, purchases, 176–78, 179–83, 201, 210, 238, 294, 297, 298, 311, 312, 336–41 245–46, 297, 353, 455–56, 469, 477–78, aristocrats see under aristocracy 489–90, 493, 541, 593, 613, 618 churches? see under churches of klasmata, 35, 120, 121 clergy see under clergy redistribution, 394, 395 foreigners, 54 see also grants, transfers; pronoia grants, highlanders of Anatolia, 227 transfers kavallarioi, 210 property, real Latins see under Latins abandoned, 72, 461, 539, 564, 566, 586, see monasteries? see under monasteries also exaleimma; klasma non-soldiers, 198, 429 eleutheron, 308, 348, 421, 424, 482, 537, 541, officials, 198, 210 633 soldiers see under soldiers patrimonial, 3, 8, 198, 210, 276, 315, 394, women, 467 399, 500, 507, 531 pronoiarikos (pronoiarik»v), 607 patrimony see gonikon pronoiarios,pl.pronoiarioi, xvii, xxxix, 2, 23, private, 134, 147, 192, 210, 212, 218, 240, 48, 49, 99, 200, 208, 229, 230, 231, 234, 268, 273, 469, 538, 545, 601, 613, 237, 298, 314, 556, 559–64, 568, 617 570–75, 580, 583, 585–87, 592, 594, state, 500, 530 595, 602, 606, 610, 611 demosiakon vs. vasilikon, 138, 376, 530 “pronoiarization” of Manuel II Palaiologos, fiscal (demosiakon), 376, 378 184, 510, 551–52, 553–75, 589, 594, see imperial domain see domain, imperial; also confiscations episkepsis; kouratoreia pronoiarize, pronoia-ize, pronoiazo, taxable, xl, 180, 217, 219, 245 pronoiazomai (pronoizw, tax-exempt, 173, 216, 217, 258, 353, 421, pronoizomai), 184, 237, 304–05, 396, 424, 572 551, 552, 553, 556, 557, 560, 568, 574, see also gonikon; ktema; ktesis; zeugelateion 575, 595 Prosalentai, 161, 283, 345, 398, 399 pronoiars, xxxix, 5, 404, 509, 526, 557, 572, prosarmosanta, 261 603, 606, 607, 608, 609, 628, see also proskathemenos,pl.proskathemenoi, xxxix, 52, pronoia holders 80, 106, 141, 142, 422, 484, 631, 632 pronoiarski rabot, 608 prosodos,pl.prosodoi, 98, 141, 292, 324, 325, pronoiastic “rights” see under dikaion 326, 327, 329, 331, 334, 354, 441, 507, pronoiastikos (pronoiastik»v), pl. 510, 529, 558 pronoiastika,adv.pronoiastikäv, 34, demosiai (demosioi) prosodoi, 324 175, 187, 188, 189, 192, 235, 237, 297, etesioi prosodoi, 324 343, 435, 476, 514, 515, 516–21, 530, and imperial grants, 324, 331 549, see also under axia; cheir; chorion; and pronoia, 324 dikaion; exousia; ge; tropos see also income from land pronoiatika, ta (t pronoiatik), 32–36, 44, prosopikos see under episkepsis; ktema; ktesis; 55, 61, 62, 163, 235, see also under dorea pronoia (the word) pronoiatoroi (pronoiat»roi), 234 prosopon,pl.prosopa, 74, 531

Index 689

prostagma,pl.prostagmata, xxxix, 213, 220–24, Raoul 297, 308, 314, 323, 350, 355, 362, 612, Alexios Doukas, megas domestikos,grant see also orismos recipient in 1330s, xxi, 320, 479 prostaxis, xxxix Alexios Komnenos, megas domestikos, protasekretis, xxxix, 337, 338 oikonomia holder ca. 1297, xix, 316, protimesis, 470 338, 360, 362, 363, 368, 371, 379–80, protokynegos, xxxix 387, 390, 391, 392, 414, 438, 464, 488, protonovelissimos, xxxix, 337, 339, 496 497, 498, 499, 522 protoproedros, xxxix Manuel Komnenos, pinkernes,governorof protos, xxxix, 14, 244, 253, 254, 256, 263 Thessaly, xxi, 495–96 protosevastos, xl Raphalion, toponym, 349, 350, 554 protostrator, xxxvi, xl Ravanica, monastery, 581 protovestiarios, xxxv, xl, 186 Ravdokanakes, John, landholder, 177–78, 180 protovestiarites, xl, 230 reaya, 581 protovestiaritissa, xl Regas, Theodore, ﬁeld of, 387 Provatas, landholder, 395, 619 Renier of Montferrat, 102–03, 169 providence, 1, 14, 15, 59, 96 rent see leases Provoneangkos, exaleimma of, 622, 626 Rentina, town, 359, 472, 571 Psalidophourna (area of Psalis and Phournia), Rentinos, Andreas Romanos, stratiotes, 398, 399 pronoia holder, 39, 40–44, 46, 151, 160, Psalis, village, 294, 385, 390, 392, 395, 398, 400, 337, 341 490, 618, 619, 628 Revenikeia, village, 149, 402 Psellos, Michael, historian, 122, 137, Revenikon, town in Thessaly, 168 154 Reynolds, Susan, 163 Pseudo-Kodinos, treatise of, 262, 358 Rezenos, John, archontopoulos, grant recipient, Pseudo-Phrantzes, 284, 285 348 Psychosostria, monastery, xxi, 505 Rhaidestos, town, 124, 159, 550 Ptelea (Ptelaia), zeugelateion near the Strymon, Rhegion, treaty of, 327, 328, 528 632–33 Rhodes, 243, 290, 291 Ptelea, village on the Chalkidike, 516 Rhomaios, oikonomia holder, 466–67, 541, 546 Pterin, toponym, 379 Rhyndakos, river, 503 purchases see under grants; pronoia grants, roga,pl.rogai, 113, 114, 115, 127, 599 transfers; property transfers Rogerios, John, kaisar, 165, 167 Pyrgadikia, mod. village, 562 Rogo, town, 326 Pyrgos, metochion, xvi, 175, 183–84, 185, Romanos I Lekapenos, emperor (920–44), 26, 186 119 chrysobulls of, 20, 76 qadi, 581 legislation of, 119 Qaraman, emirate, 588 Romanos II, emperor (959–63), xlii, 67, 82 chrysobulls of, 67 Rachova, village, 377, 457 Romanos III Argyros, emperor (1028–34), xlii, Radenos 113, 114 John, apographeus, xxiii, 571, 573 Romanos IV Diogenes, emperor (1068–71), John, vasilikos stratiotes, 519 xlii, 116, 147 oikonomia holder near Hierissos, xix, 351, Ropalaia, village, 519, 521 388 Roudava, village, 544 pronoia holder near Genna, 515, 518, Rouphinianai, monastery in Constantinople, 519 171, 195, 196 Stephen Doukas, apographeus, xxiii, 571, Rouphinos, Demetrios, grant recipient, xxi, 573 343, 478 Radolivos, proasteion and village, xvi, 87, Rousaiou, village, 133, 346, 402, 561 145–46, 382, 582 Rouzes, village, 196 Radovis,ˇ village, 451 rowers see Prosalentai ranks, court see titles Rumeli, 579, 586, 596

690 Index

Safaˇ rˇ´ık, Paul, 3 Saventzes, Michael, megaloallagites, oikonomia St. Andreas, monastery near Thessaloniki, 68, holder, xix, 307, 338, 359–73, 379, 80, 82 387–96, 410, 412, 414, 488–89, 490, St.Christopher,fairof,368, 392 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 518, 522, St.Demetrios,churchinThessaloniki,74 533–34, 618–19, 627, 628–29 St. Demetrios Myrovlytos, monastery in Savvas, exaleimma of, 622, 626 Constantinople, 386 sebri, 608 St. George, monastery near Aigidomista, 303 sekreton,pl.sekreta, 19, 24, 116, 117, 118, 121, St. George, monastery near Skopje, xxii, 132, 155, 164, 358, 599, see also 507–08, 605, 606 Mangana St. George, monastery north of Mosynopolis, Selagites, John, doux, xvi, 186, 187, 188, 192 126 Selas, village, 567 St. George, monastery at Zavlantia, xix, xxii, Selymbria, town, 506, 550 379, 401, 544, 549 Senachereim, ruler of Vaspurakan, 122, 137 St. George, “pronoia” of, on Zakynthos, 301 senate, senators, xl, 18, 100, 132, 278, 324, 326, St. John Prodromos, monastery in Moglena, 56 332, 340, 416, 441 St. John Prodromos, monastery near Serres, see Serbia, Serbs, xliv, 110, 111, 298, 420, 429, 608 Prodromos, St. John conquests, xix, 400, 401, 459, 460, 495, 548, St. John Prodromos Leontia, monastery in 549, 550, 552 Thessaloniki see Leontia and pronoia, 3, 4, 8, 9, 274, 288–89, 401, St. John Theologos, monastery see Patmos, 471, 507–09, 551, 604–10 monastery Serdica, town, 123, 503 St. Mamas monastery, typikon for, 26 Sergios, half-brother of Symbatios St. Paul, monastery of, on Mount Latros, 109 Pakourianos, 145 Saints Anargyroi, convent in Thessaloniki, 556, Sergopoulos, Manuel, parakoimomenos of the 557 megale sphendone, grant recipient, xx, sales see under grants; pronoia grants, 419–20, 422, 427, 577 transfers; property transfers Serpes, kavallarios, oikonomia holder, 337, Samians, 421 394, 619 Samos, 29 Serres, town, 307, 348, 436, 447, 466, 487, 553, Sampias, Radoslav, grant recipient, xxi, 403, 608 422, 426, 428, 429, 458, 461, 484, 554, see of, xxiii, 592, 593 595 and soldiers, 339, 346, 430 sancakbey, 582 theme of, 273, 363, 632, 633 Sangarios, river, 294, 504 Serres-Strymon, theme of, 438, 439, 533 Saniane, village, 535 Serriotikon mega allagion see mega allagion Sarakenos, oikonomia holder, 466–67, 498, servants, 30, 149, 187, 430, 488, 493, 580, 587, 500 619, 623, see also doulos; stewards Sarantarea, village, 566, 567 service, imperial, 68, 277, 296, 417–30, 459 Sarantenos brothers, oikonomia holders, xxi, hereditary, 425–29 470, 471 Serbia, 508, 606 Alexander Doukas, 345 military, 71, 90, 115, 162, 250, 266, 268, 277, Diomedes, 345 306, 341, 415, 418, 419, 430–31, 531, Ignatios, 345 599 Nicholas Doukas, sevastos, 337, 345 non-military, 419–21 Sarantenos Indanes, protokynegos,pronoia personal, 418, 422–24, 426–30, 468, 469 holder, 447, 515, 518 see also corvees´ ; douleia; taxes, secondary Sarantenos, Theodore, skouterios,grant demands recipient, xxi, 482–83, 546 Servos, grant recipient, 377, 622 Saravari, tou (Saravares), monastery on Mount Sevasteia, town, 122 Athos, 340 sevastokrator,pl.sevastokratores, xxxv, xl, 149, Sardis, city, 111 169 Savas, monk, 18 sevastos,pl.sevastoi, xl, 213, 337, 338, 339, 454

Index 691

Sevˇ cenko,ˇ Ihor, 307 Sofia see Serdica Sgouros, judge of the army, xix, 349 soldier companies xix, 345–50, 352, 428, see Sgouros, proedros and logariastes, 149 also Catalan Company;Varvarenoi Shaw, Stanford, 581, 588 soldiers, 56, 186, 214, 221, 233, 436, 529 sheep, 70, 214, 216, 230, 370, 390, 391, 420, 582 attachment to land, 112, 160–62, 430 shields, 92, 163 cavalry, 161, 162, 163, 170, 210, 303, 430, Shinder, Joel, 589 502–03, 527, 586, 605 ships see boats and ships foreign, 109–11, 122, 123, 163, 251, 430, Siderofag, Laskar, pronoia holder, 607 436, 502, see also Catalan Company; Siderokauseia, village, 549, 564, 565, 566, 567, Cumans; Latins 568 garrisons, 71, 346, 430 siderokauseion, demosiakon, 495 as grant holders, 89, 100, 119, 122, 123, sigilliodes gramma see under gramma 151–52, 165, 252, 353, 355, 430, 512, sipahi, 579–81, 583–85, 587, 592, 596 599 siteresion,pl.siteresia, 64, 65, 277–78, 344 infantry, 161, 502 sitosporos, 329 marines, 283, 502, 572 Sjuzjumov, Mihail, 97, 157 mercenaries, 91, 93, 94–95, 109, 152, 162, Skabalanovic,ˇ Nikolaj, 5, 23, 130 278, 326, 332, 346, 352–55, 430, 431, Skadar, town, 603 433, 435, 441, 442, 506, 527, 528, 547 Skamandros, region and river, 279, 292, 327, pay, 64, 65, 88, 93, 326, 352, 497, 502–03 504 officers, xli, 99, 384, 477, 534 Skaranos, Theodosios, monk, oikonomia paroikoi as, 303 holder, xvii, 265–66, 387, 388 as pronoia holders, 37–50, 62, 63, 84, 87–97, Skartelo, toponym, 518 98, 105, 109, 111, 112, 151, 160–61, Skenoure, monastery, 77 170, 173–76, 192, 225, 232–33, 266–68, Skleraina, Maria, grant recipient, 117 275–80, 283–84, 302, 305, 326, 332–33, Skleros, Vardas, 136, 137 382, 415–18, 430–31, 441, 442, 503, Skopiotes, Slotas, pronoia holder, 535 505–07 Skopje, town, 507, 508, 535, 605, 608 archons, 385 Skordiles family, xv, 58–61, 168, 275, 421 Cumans, 50–58 Skordyllios, soldier, pronoia holder, 421 mercenaries?, 233, 352–55 Skores, Skoriva(s), Skoures, family name, 543 military effectiveness, 431, 586, 610 Skorev, pronoia holder, 543 number of, 331, 534, 610 Skoutariotes, Theodore, xv, xvi, 87, 225, 258, officers, 336 285, 340 soldier companies, 348 skouterios, 495 Thessalonian, 381 Skouterios, pansevastos, pronoia holder, 516, pronoia holding, mercenary, and 518, 521 smallholding compared, 430 Skylitzes, continuator of, 15, 19, 23, 24, 34 in Serbia, 508, 581, 606 Skylitzes, John, historian, 137 smallholding, 58, 100, 109–11, 123, 151, Skylo¨ıoannes, exaleimma of, 622, 626 152, 161, 162, 283, 306, 344, 345, 375, Slanainas, Michael, paroikos, 590 399, 430, 506, 512 Smederevo, town, 609 thematic, 104–11, 161, 162 Smilec, tsar of Bulgaria (1292–98), 293 Thessalonian, 381, 398, 399, 403 Smoleanitzes, archontopoulos, grant recipient, in Trebizond, 513 348 solemnion,pl.solemnia, 74, 75, 77–78, 101, Smolenes, theme of, 128 103, 124, 137, 160, 252, 278, 598–99 Smyrna (mod. Izmir), city, 171, 195, 197, 214, cheirosdoton solemnion, 101 235, 239, 504, 509, 600, 614, 617 parechomenon solemnion, 101, 599 gulf of, 193, 259 see also logisimon see of, 179, 197, 209 Solovjev, Alexander, 6 Smyrnaios, oikonomia holder, 392, 394, 618, Souda, lake, 392, 619 619 Soudaga, proasteion, 145

692 Index

Souloumpertes, Demetrios Doukas, Stip,ˇ town, 451 oikonomia holder, xxi, 472, 477 Stomatianoi, 188, 190 Soultanina, Xene, grant recipient, xviii, 319, Stomion, village, 243 320, 421, 444, 484, 485 Strategikon of Maurice, 16 Soultanos strategos,pl.strategoi, 29, 122, 137 Alexios Palaiologos, oikonomia holder, 320, Strategos, George, domestikos of the western 498, 500 themes, apographeus, 504, 627 Demetrios Palaiologos, 320 strateia see under taxes, secondary demands Soumela, monastery, xviii, 304, 305 strateuo (strateÅw), 106, 107, 232, 256, 280 spahilik, 596 stratiotes,pl.stratiotai, 39, 42, 46, 52, 88, 99, Spanopoulos, Michael Elaiodorites, 105, 108, 142, 151, 161, 175, 176, 185, stratopedarches of the allagia, 213, 214, 220, 259, 267, 338, 339, 349, oikonomia holder, xxi, 337, 477 370, 375, 382, 385, 398, 401, 416, 500, Spartenos, Demetrios, apographeus, xvii, 263, 505, 506, 510, 512, 513, 536, 600 627 vasilikos (imperial), 411, 458, 500, 519 Spartovounon, toponym, 518 see also soldiers Spelaiotissa, monastery, xxi, 477 stratiotikos see under chorion; ktema; ktesis; spelikion, 596 oikonomia; praktikon; pronoia (the Sperhios, river, 231 word) Sphournou, ta, a property, xvi, 195–97, 198, Stratonion, a property, 567 199, 200, 207 stratopedarches,pl.stratopedarchai, 214, 215 Sphrantzes Palaiologos, 325 stratopedarches of the allagia, xl, 337, 338 Sphrantzes, George, historian, 284, 285, 550 stratopedarches of the monokavalloi, xl Stamatikos, vineyard of, 622, 626 stratopedarches of the mourtatoi, 338 Stanescu, E., 110 Strovelitzes, George, bishop, 25 stasis,pl.staseis (also stasion,pl.stasia), xxxvi, Strovilos, monastery, 77 xl, 127, 377, 480 Strumica, town, 510, 607, 608 exaleimmatike, 316, 364, 365, 368, 372, 377, Strymon, river, 145, 147, 374, 465, 507, 510, 379, 381, 382, 386, 492–94 542, 620 paroikike, 371, 377, 409, 519, 531 theme of, 363 Staurenos, hypostasis of, 511 Studenica, monastery Stefan Dusan,ˇ king and (from 1345) emperor typikon for, 15 of Serbia (1331–55), xliv, 346, 400–02, Stylarion, a property, 555 483, 546, 548, 550, 553, 570, 571 Styleianos, hetaireiarches, oikonomia holder, chrysobulls of, xviii, xix, 348, 379, 382, 401, 339, 388 450, 495, 572, 607 subinfeudation, 610 and pronoia, 545, 549, 606–08 Suleyman¨ C¸ elebi, Ottoman ruler (1402–11), Law Code see Zakonik xliv, 551 Stefan Lazarevic,´ Serbian ruler, despot from Sykai, Sykea, metochion, 554, 566, 567, 569–72, 1402 (1389–1427), xliv, 608 573 Stefan Tomaseviˇ c,´ king of Bosnia, 3 Symeon Uros,ˇ Serb ruler in Thessaly and Stefan Urosˇ II Milutin, king of Serbia Epiros, chrysobulls of, xxii, 379, 544 (1282–1321), xliv, 463 sympatheia,pl.sympatheiai, 32, 72, 73, 74 chrysobulls of, xxii, 507, 508, 605, 607 Synadenos and pronoia, 507–09, 605–06, 607 Basil, doux, 37 Stefan Urosˇ III Decanski,ˇ king of Serbia pronoia holder, xv, 36, 37, 62, 63, 165, 198, (1321–31), xliv, 607 545 Stefan Urosˇ V, emperor of Serbia (1355–71), Theodore Palaiologos, protostrator,grant 608, 632 recipient, 332, 481 Stenimachos, village, 127 syneisphorai (suneisfora©) demosiai, 99 stewards, xvi, 30, 105, 228–29, 231, 238, 252, syntrophia,pl.syntrophiai, 345, 346, 349, 460 408, 412, 491 syntrophos,pl.syntrophoi, 185–86 stichoi (“lines” in a tax register), 80 Syrbanos, 325

Index 693

Syrgares, lizios kavallarios, pronoia holder, 210, telesmata (telsmata), 68, 105, 141, 146, 295, 337, 487, 491 187, 235, 628 Syrge, landholder, 557 demosia, 134 Syrgiannes, 325, 327, 524, 528 varos, 319, 423 Syrgiannina, Maria Doukaina Palaiologina, obligations on paroikoi see paroikos 524 demands see taxes, secondary demands Syrianos, 524 supplemental charges, 69, 70, 73, 84 Sytzigan, 524 surtaxes (parakolouthemata), 69, 73, 146, 389, 407 Tadrinou, village, xvi, 119, 129, 131, 139, 140 telos see telos tailors, 90, 91 taxes, Ottoman Tarchaneiotes angarya (corvees),´ 581, 582, 583, 585 Antonios Glavas, monk, 506 bad-i hava, 583 John, general, 415 cizye, 582 John, pronoia holder, 516 haradj (cartzi, harac), 552, 563, 564, 565, Manuel, grant recipient, xx, 422, 425, 429, 567, 572, 573 444, 461 bas¸ harac, 582 Taron, 122 haradj mukasama, haradj muwazzafa, Tartzes, (son) of, pronoia holder, 53 591 tax assessment see fiscal assessment ispence, 582, 583 tax collection, 56, 90, 95, 115, 167, 503, 527 os¨ ur¨ (tithes), 583 tax collectors, 33, 57, 65, 69, 90, 101, 134, 136, resm-i¸ift c , 582, 591 173, 174, 233, 393, see also praktor resm-i kulluk, 582 tax exemption, 69, 71–87, 114, 116, 117, 118, tekalif-i orfiye¨ , 582 123, 126, 131, 134, 180, 225, 226–27, taxes, secondary demands, 56, 69, 70–71, 73, 241, 246, 247, 320, 381, 405, 427, 433, 76–77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 115, 134–35, 391, 449, 472, 485, 611, 624–30 406–07, 437, 444, 446, 462, 484, phrases 601 anoteran telous (nwtran tlouv), 463 enoche (noc) tou dromou, 71 anoteran varous (nwtran brouv), 463 general terms ektos telous (kt¼v tlouv), 319 enochlesis (n»clhsiv), ochlesis (Àclhsiv), ektos varous (kt¼v brouv), 320, 423 235, 448 see also exkousseia; logisimon epagoge (pagwg), 68 tax farmers, tax-farming, 433, 583, 586 epereia,pl.epereiai, 68, 70, 76, 79, 83, 84, tax relief and reduction, 71, 74, see also 131, 141, 436, 454 kouphismos; sympatheia epithesis (p©qesiv), 68, 448 tax revenue, 115, 331, 528, 529–30, 532, 611 kakosis, 70 grants of, 78, 97, 122, 133, 134–38, 146–49, zetema (zthma), pl. zetemata, 421 238, 247, 249, 382, 384, 577, 629 leitourgema,pl.leitourgemata, leitourgia,pl. within pronoia grants, 174, 176, 210, 212, leitourgiai, 71, 424 218, 238–39, 280, 380, 381, 393, 494, paramilitary obligations, 71 513, 534, 549, 560, 573, 577, 617, 624, strateia,pl.strateiai, 71, 83, 97, 106–09, 114, 629 115, 162, 531 taxation system, 69–79, 624–30 see also angareia; corvees´ Ottoman influence, 562, 563, 591, 592, taxes, specific 601 aer, aerikon, 70, 365, 368, 392, 393, 439, taxes 559, 560, 622, 625, 626, 627, 628, general terms 629 demosia (dhm»sia), 69 agape, 180, 614–16 demosios kanon see kanon aktemonitikon, 70 kephalaion,pl.kephalaia, 267, 381, 382, aleia, 349 385, 436, 614–17, see also under taxes, ampelopakton, 364, 376, 381, 457, 626 specific aplekton, 71

694 Index

taxes, speciﬁc (cont.) Tcheremissinoff, Katia, 342 choirodekateia, 365, 381, 389, 390, 393, 619, Teires, Alexios, stratiotes, 186 622, 626, 629 telo (telä), 193, 244, 383, 385, 538 dekateia, see dekateia telos, xl, 69–70, 73, 76, 78, 134, 138, 148, 201, dekaton, see dekaton 246, 248, 380, 383, 385–86, 448–49, dikeratoexafollon, 146 500, 501, 538, 560, 600 elatikon, 33, 146 demosiakon, 104, 423 ennomion see ennomion on peasants, 82, 106, 144, 407, 437 hearth tax, 53, 70, 73, 407, 582 paroikikon, 182, 370, 371–73, 388–91, 393, kaniskion,pl.kaniskia, 70, 365, 367, 369, 407, 433–34, 494, 532, 560, 562–64, 370, 393, 619, 622, 626, 629–30 565, 566, 601, 624–25 kapnikon, 70, 143 see also anti-oikoumenou; oikoumenon kastroktisia, 71, 270, 436, 437, 438, 439 tenant farmers see under peasants katergoktisia, 270, 438, 439 Tenedos, 550 kephalaia, three, 368, 392, 438, 439, 614 tero (thrä), 261, 262 kephalatikion, 560, 564, 565, 566, 575, 576 testaments see wills kokkiatikon, 565, 566 Thasos, 550 kommerkion,pl.kommerkia, xxxvii, 76, 420, Thelematarioi, 161, 505 576, 614 themes, xl, see also under Acheloos; army; linovrocheion see linovrocheion Charsianon; Iveria; Macedonia; mandriatikon, 368, 390, 391, 626 Melnik; Moglena; Serres; meizai (myzai), two, 576 Serres-Strymon; Smolenes; soldiers; melissoennomion see melissoennomion Strymon; Thessaloniki;Thrakesion; mitaton,pl.mitata, 71, 141, 288 Verrhoia; Voleron oikometrion, 393 Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea oikomodion, 146, 367, 393, 394, 619, 628 (1205–21), xlii, 15, 19, 171 oinometrion, 367, 393, 394, 619 orismos of, 179 oinopoleion, 565, 566 and pronoia, 172–73, 174, 206 opheleia (of the empsychon), 366, 389, 390, prostaxis of, xvi, 172–73, 174, 184 619 Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea orike, 436, 437, 438 (1254–58), xlii, 27, 34, 241 paroikiatikon, 70 and pronoia, 191, 193, 237, 341, 420 parthenophthoria, 392, 437–39, 548, 622, Theodore II Palaiologos, second son of Manuel 626 II, despot in the Morea (1407–43), xliii, phloriatikon, 575–77 419, 575–77 phonikon, phonos, 392, 436–39, 548, 622, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, ruler of Epiros 626 (ca. 1215–30), emperor in Thessaloniki phosatiakon (fosatak»n, fosatiak»n), 563 (1224/5–30), xvii, xliii, 66, 230, 232, plo¨ımoi, plo¨ımon, 614–16 233, 429 poros, poriatikon, 614 Theodore Svetoslav, tsar of Bulgaria sitarkia, 180, 436, 437, 438, 614–16 (1300–22), 293 synetheia, 33, 124, 146 Theodoretos, hegoumenos of Lavra, 40 synone, 70 Theodosios, bishop of Hierissos, xvii, xviii, 342 topiatikon, 614 Theodoulos, bishop of Skopelos and Skiathos, treasure trove, 392, 436–39, 548, 622, 626 623 triteuma, 565 Theologites, Nicholas, apographeus, 627 valanistron, 390 Theophanes, stratopedarches and paradotes of vigliatikon, 576 Meander, 215 viologioi, 188 Theotokos, monastery on Cyprus, 81 zeugaratikion, 70, 365, 382, 391, 622, 626 Theotokos, monastery near Serres, 307 zeugologion, 146, 628 Therma, village, 376 taxis vs. oikonomia, 613 thesis, apographike, 321, 355 taxpayers, 65, 89–90, 93, 105, 118, 177, 182, Thessalonian mega allagion see under mega 183 allagion

Index 695

Thessalonians, 320, 633 trees, 128, 297, 345, 370, 474, 584 Thessaloniki, xix, xliii, 74, 239, 300, 339, 401, oak, 228–29, 364, 390, 491, 626 548, 563, 569 olive, xvi, xvii, 199–203, 205, 206, 207, as an appanage, 291, 336, 403, 460 210–11, 232–33, 382, 481–82, 491 and “common” chrysobulls, 472 pear, 370, 607, 618 and imperial grants, 102–03, 133, 136, 148, walnut, 368, 378, 380, 390, 425 169 Trikkala, town, 379 and the Ottomans, 568, 589–90, 592, 594, Trikokkia, region, 547 596 Trilission, village, 307 and pronoia, 332, 402, 503, 551–53, 556–58, Trinovon, toponym, 495, 496 574, 595 Tripanes, stasis of, 480 see of, 148, 483 Tripotamos, village, 411 theme of, 68, 125, 264, 271, 273, 361, 363, Troia, the Troad,¨ town and its region, 292, 438, 509, 514, 523, 532–34, 558, 618, 327 619, 632, 633 Tropaiophoron, sekreton of the, 117 Zealot revolt, 17, 334 tropos, pronoiastikos, 402 Thessaly, 169, 231, 291, 336, 489, 496, 606 Troulenos, George Doukas, pronoia holder, xx, and pronoia, 235, 510 xxi, 295, 355, 436–40, 446, 465–66, 478, Thierry see Teires, Alexios 494, 498 Thomas Magistros, 442 Trypanes, stasis of, 316, 480 Thomas Palaiologos, despot in the Morea Tserniki, village, 39 (1428–60), xliii, 21, 483 Turks, 124, 251, 293, 296, 298, 345, 402, 547, Thomas Preljubovic,´ Serbian despot of 551, 552, 553 Ioannina (1366/7–84), 288 Ottoman, xliv, 164, 248, 326, 403, 513, Thrace, 72, 344, 506, 605 550–51, 553, 556, 563–64, 569, 574, and pronoia, 504–07, 509, 601 576, 579–96, 601 Thrakesion, theme of, xvi, 172, 184, 193, 195, Seljuk, 113, 132, 164, 226, 250, 344, 418, 211, 215 587–88, 589, 590–91 Thrymvakin, village, 106 Turnovo,˘ 292, 327 Tiberios Constantine, emperor (578–82), Tylimne, toponym, 316 28 typikon,pl.typika, xl timai, 333 typos, 99 timar, timariot (timar holder), 326, 579–89, Tzagkitzakes, Michael, servant of John 592, 594, 595–96, 601–02 Rogerios, 167 compared to pronoia, 585–87 Tzainos, landholder, 316 Timur, Mongol ruler, 551 tzakones, 264, 265, 342, 377 Tinos, 602, 603 Tzamplakon titles, titulature, xxxv–xli, 114, 115, 150, Arsenios, megas papias and pronoia holder, 209–10, 213, 229, 236, 295, 336–39, xxi, 337, 396, 478, 548 357, 358, 430 George, landholder, 426 grants of, 20, 116, 122, 131, 296, 333, 418, Michael, apographeus, xxiii, 573 599 Tzangaroioannou, village, 319 lists of precedence, 210, 236, 338–39, 496 tzaousios, xli, 384, 498, 524 Tlomatzes, vineyard of, 263 Tzeremogites, Nicholas, fiscal official, 322 topos, topion (land parcel), 38–39, 42–43, 44, Tzernachova, stream, 38, 39 47, 57, 62, 75, 108, 121, 270, 271, 383, Tzetzes, John, poet, 303 481, 498, 570 Tzimpeas tournament, 163 Constantine, apographeus, xvii, 271, 273, Tralles, city, 591 398 Treadgold, Warren, 122, 161 Theodore, fiscal official, 536 treaties, 103, 326, 327, 352, 502, 528, 529, 551, Tzirithnos (Tzirithon), Constantine, 606, 615 megalodoxotatos, pronoia holder, 214, Trebizond, 37, 122, 305 228, 229, 337, 412, 491 empire of, xviii, xliv, 304, 512–13 Tzitas, 387

696 Index

Tzykalas, Nicholas, paroikos, 303 Vatatzes Tzykandyles, George Doukas, fiscal official, Andronikos, vestiarites, praktikon of, xv, 460 50–55, 57, 61, 62, 63, 173, 178, 192 Tzykandyles, toponym, 619 John, protokynegos, apographeus, xix, 307, 322, 331, 359, 627 Ulotino, village, 607 relative of Ameras, 465 Urla,mod.town,346 Vatopedi, monastery on Mount Athos, xviii, Uspenskij, Fedor, 5, 22, 100, 130, 162, 257 xxi, xxiii, 75, 76, 81, 82, 244, 257, 302, Uspenskij, Konstantin, 5 306, 307, 319, 346, 349, 400, 403, 448, usufruct, 4, 51, 53, 153, 157, 184, 232, 405, 473, 478, 480, 526, 533, 535, 549, 554, 555, 613, see also nome 556, 561, 570, 572–73, 625 usus, 42, see also chresis Venice and the Venetian state, xv, 102, 103, Uzes, 113, 123 167, 168, 169, 502, 528, 557, 562, 586 and pronoia, 3, 8, 9, 12, 274, 602–03 Vaasprakanites, Leo, grant recipient, 86, 128, Vera, town, 504 131 Vernares, imperial zeugelateion, 376 Valdouvinos, landholder, 456 Verrhoia, town, 401, 472, 482, 607 Valsamon theme of, 57 John Doukas, megas dioiketes, fiscal official, Vesene, town, 168 402 vestarches, 29 Theodore, 156 vestiarion, 167, 382 Valtzantares, pronoia holder, 52 vestiarites,pl.vestiaritai, xl, xli, 236, 260, 337, Varangka, vineyard of, 622, 626 339 Vardales, protasekretis, oikonomia holder, 337, village community, 32, 46, 47, 71–72, 78, 79, 396 89, 109, 182, 203, 207–08, 378, 389, Vardan, paroikos holder, 523 391, 488 Vardanes, servant of Gregory Pakourianos, 30, villages, xxxix, 147, 324, 325–29, 330, 374, 523 522–26, 581, 585, 633 Vardar, river, 376, 377, 507 abandoned, 539, 564, 566 Vardariotai, landholders, 395 grants of, 131, 139, 140, 143–44, 333, 508, Vare, village, 176, 178–80, 181, 183, 193, 201, 523, 546, 576, 599, 600 202, 205, 206, 492, 546 in Serbia, 608, 632 Varesove, episkepsis of, 232 in Trebizond, 513 Varnalides, Soterios, 154, 155, 157 see also chorion Varvarenoi, soldier company, 345, 375, 400, vineyard, Gr. ampelion, 364, 368, 379, 388, 498, 419, 428, 459, 460, 549 618–19, 620–22 Vasil’evskij, V. G., 4, 137 chersampelon (dry), 365, 378, 379, 511, 622, Vasilakaina, Kale, grant recipient, xvi, 87, 626 145–47, 150 demosiakon (fiscal), 379 Vasilakes, Nikephoros, 145 exaleimmatikon, 263, 379, 381, 619, 626 Vasilakios, Nikephoros, 19 hypoteles, 519, 621, 622 Vasiliev, Alexander, 6, 157 neglected, 369, 379, 410 vasilikos see under chorion; episkepsis; ge; Vlachernites, Michael, pronoia holder, 516, 518 gramma; grammatikos; ktema; Vlachia, region, 230, 231 proasteion; pronoia (the word); Vlachs, 55, 56, 107, 173, 174, 231, 425 stratiotes; zeugelateion astrateutoi, 107 Vasilikos Vlatteros, Basil, vestiarites, pronoia holder, Basil, grant recipient, xx, 418 176–82, 198, 206, 214, 337, 404, 546 megas primmikerios, oikonomia holder, xix, Vlemmydes, Nicholas, grant recipient, 156, 420 397, 498, 500 Vodena, town, 50 Nikephoros, governor of Melnik, 397 Vodeses, oikonomia holder, 544 vasilissa, xli, 327, 333, 334, 557 vo¨ıdatos (bo·dtov), vo¨ıdatoi, 139, 140, Vaspurakan, 122, 137 141–42, 143, 144, 214, 215, 590

Index 697

Vo¨ılas, Eustathios, grant recipient, 21, 55, 125 Wirth, Peter, 615, 616 Voleron and Mosynopolis, Serres and Strymon, theme of, 363 xenoi, 196, 436 Voleron, Strymon and Thessaloniki, theme of, xenoparoikoi, 381, 626 39 Xenophon, monastery on Mount Athos, xviii, Volovontes, Constantine, son-in-law of xxi, 80, 148, 243, 253, 294, 321, 381, Mouzethras, 199 385, 387, 398–400, 411, 470–71, 481, Volve, lake, 38, 392, 572 542 Volvos, village, 148 Xeropotamou, monastery on Mount Athos, Vorkinos, Michael, priest, 423 xvii, 138, 165, 265, 268, 269, 385, 387, votchina, 8 395, 495, 561 Voukoleon, palace, 168 Ximenes de Arenos, Ferran, megas doux, 465 Voulotes, Demetrios, ofﬁcial, 563 Xiphilinos Vounaria, toponym, 375 logariastes and praktor, 39, 40–42, 44, 47 Vourtzes protoproedros, pronoetes, 29 Constantine, protoproedros,landholder,133, 149 Yahya ibn Said, historian, 136 Samuel, landholder, 133 yaya, 588 Voxista, toponym, 544 Vrachionion, market of, 36 Zagarommates, George, protovestiarites,grant Vranaina recipient, 479 Irene Komnene, landholder in the 1230s, Zakonik of Stefan Dusan,ˇ 3, 4, 607–08, 610 205 Zakynthos, xviii, 288, 301, 304 Komnene, paroikos holder in the 1250s, 200, Zavlantia, village, 401, 549 205–06, 207–08, 491 Zavorda Treatise, xv, 32–34, 35–36, 44, 49, 53, Vranas, pertinentia of, 168 55, 58, 61, 62, 63, 93, 97, 144, 145, 157, Vranas, Theodore Chrysaphes, pronoia holder, 163, 183, 191, 235, 236, 275, 297, 485, 518 598 Vranas, vineyard of, 619 Zdravikion, village, 423 Vrasta,Vrastos,azeugelateion, 410, 495, 497 Zealots, 334 Vrataina, landholder, 379 Zeta, 603 Vratonas, peasant, 228 zeugaratos,pl.zeugaratoi, 52, 53, 70, 81, 82, Vrizas, person or toponym, 559 85–86, 215, 219, 590 Vrontochiou, monastery at Mistra, xxii, 511, zeugarion,pl.zeugaria, 214, 248 512 as a measurement, 186, 190, 215, 216–20, Vryennios 223, 240, 242, 245, 247–49, 343, 440, Makarios, grant recipient, 593–94 478, 536–38, 600 Nikephoros, 19 as oxen, 53, 83, 146, 215, 216, 391, 559, 560, Vrysis, village, 576–77 565, 566, 590 Vukasin,ˇ Serbian king (1365–71), xliv, 403, 553 despotika zeugaria, 128 doulika zeugaria, 559, 566 western Europeans see Latins zeugelateion,pl.zeugelateia, xli, 20, 632–33 wheat, 253, 367, 393 eleutheron, 348 widows, 267, 276, 320, 560, 565, 582, 590, 591 vasilikon (imperial), 375–76, 459 William I of Champlitte, prince of Achaia Zichna, town, 348, 396, 541, 632 (1205–8 or 9), 287, 305 Zivojinoviˇ c,´ Mirjana, 544 William II Villehardouin, prince of Achaia Zographou, monastery on Mount Athos, xvii, (1246–78), 241, 427 xxii, 271, 273, 302, 339, 362, 447, 536, William, marquess of Montferrat, 102 543 wills, xvi, xvii, xxi, 25, 55, 125, 145–46, 211, Zonaras, John, historian, 18, 22, 23, 24, 58, 247, 256, 265–66, 482, 628, see also 110, 132–33 under Attaleiates, Michael Zuckerman, Constantine, 182, 202, 203, 244, wine, 78, 288, 367, 393, 552, 565, 619 615, 616