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Doctoral Dissertation Márton Rózsa Byzantine Second-Tier Élite In Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities DOCTORAL DISSERTATION MÁRTON RÓZSA BYZANTINE SECOND-TIER ÉLITE IN THE ‘LONG’ TWELFTH CENTURY Doctoral School of History Head of the doctoral school: Dr. Gábor Erdődy Doctoral Programme of Medieval and Early Modern World History Head of the doctoral programme: Dr. Balázs Nagy Supervisor: Dr. Balázs Nagy Members of the assessment committee: Dr. István Draskóczy, Chair Dr. Gábor Thoroczkay, PhD, Secretary Dr. Floris Bernard, opponent Dr. Andreas Rhoby, opponent Dr. István Baán, member Dr. László Horváth, PhD, member Budapest, 2019 ADATLAP a d o kt ori ért e k e z é s n yit v á n o s s á gr a h a z at al á h o z l. A d o kt ori ért e k e z é s a d at ai A s z et z ő n e v e: Ró z s a ] u í árt o n MT M'f-azonosító: 1 0 0 1 9 2 7 0 A d o kt ori ért e k e z é s c í m e é s al c í m e: B y z a nti n e Second-Tie, Éttt ein t h e 'Lang'Tu,e\th C e nt ur y f) Ol-azonosító: 1 íl. l 5 1 7 6/ E L T E. 2 0 I 9. 0 5 ő A d o kt ori i s k ol a n e v e: Tü,t énele míuclo mányi D ol ú ori { sl ail a A d o kt ori pr o gr í } m n e v e: Köz é p k ori é s kora újkori e gt e í e m e s tört é n eti Doktori Progratn A t é mavezető n e v e ó s tudo mányos fcrkozata: § a g y * B ai ú z s. P h D A t é mavezető munkahelye: E L T E BTK Köz épkori Törtóneti Tansz ék II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A d o kt ori ért e k e z é s szerzőjek ént i§:,hozzáiárulok, lr o g y a d o kt ori f o k o z at megszerz és ét kö v et ő e n a d o kt ori értekez ése m é s a t é zis e k nyilvánosságra keniljenek a z E L T' E Di git ális Irrt ézrn ényi'Tudastárban. Felhatal mazo m a z E L T E B T K D o kt ori é s Tudo mánysze wez ési Hivatal ügyint ézőj ét" Manhercz Mónikát, hogy a z értekez ést é s a t é zis e k et f eltölt s e a z E L T E Di git ális Int éz m ényiTudastárba, é s ennek során kitö lt s e a f e ltö lt é s h e z s zii k s é g e s n y i l at k o z at o k at. b) k ér e m, h o g y a m ell é k elt k érele mben r észletezett szabadal mi, ill et ől e g olt al mi b ej el e nt é s közz ét étel éig a d o kt ori értekez ést n e b o c s á s s á k nyilvánosságra a z E g y et e mi Könyvtárban é s a z E L T E Di git ális Int éz m ényi Tudástárban; c) k ér er q h o g y a ne mzetbiáonsági o k ból mi nösít ett a d at ot tafial maző d o kt ori értekez ést a mi nó s ít é s (dátu m)-ig t artó időtarta ma al att n e b o c s á s s á k nyilvánosságra a z E g y et e mi Köny*tarban é s a z E L T E Di git ális Int éz m ényi Tudástrirbanl d) k ér e m, h o g y a mű kiadására ronatkozó mell ékelt kiadó szerződ ésre teki ntettel a d o kt ori értekez ést a kö n y v megjelen és éig ne bocsássák nyilvá nossii grz a z Egyete mi KönJr4árban, é s a z E L T E Di git ális Int éz m ényi Tudiástárban c s a k a kö n y v bi bli o gr áfi ai a d at ait t e g y é k k ő z z é. H a a kö n y v a fokozatszerz ést kö v et ő n e g y ó vi g n e m j el e ni k m e g, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori énekez ése m és a t é zis e k nyilvánosságra kerüljenek a z E g y et e mi Könyr.tárban és a z ELTE Di git ális Int éz m ényi Tudástárban. 2. A d o kt ori ért e k e z é s szerzőjek érrt kij el e nt e nr, h o g y a) a z E L T E Di git ális Int éz m ényi Tudástárba feltöltendő d o kt ori ért e k e z é s é s a t é zis e k s aj át er e d eti, ö n álló s z ell e mi m u n k á m é s l e gi o b b tudo máso m szerint n e m s ért e m vele senki s z er z ői j o g ait; b) a d o kt ori ért e k e z é s és a t ézisek nyo mtatott vált ozatai é s a z elektronr] <us adathordozón beny újtott t a $ al m a k ( s zö v e g é s á br á k) mi n d e n b e n megegyeznek, 3. A doktori értekez és szerzőjek ént hozzájáru|ak a d o kt ori ért e k e z é s é s a t é zis e k s zö v e g é n e k Plágiu mkereső adatbazisba helyez és éhez é s plágiu mellenőrző vizsgálatok lef,rttalásához. .€- 2 _--:- Z: K elt: Budapest,2*l9. mrir ci a s 2 1. , 7 a-/ ? a doktori értekez és szerzőj ének al á í á s a Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................4 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................5 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 11 1. 1 Defining the élite: The historiography and the definition of Byzantine ruling stratum ......... 13 1. 2 Sources ............................................................................................................................. 21 2 The Komnenian political system and the élite ............................................................................ 28 2. 1 The political system and the imperial relatives ................................................................... 28 2. 2 The positions of the second-tier élite .................................................................................. 43 3 Families from the second-tier élite............................................................................................. 58 3. 1 The Akropolitai ................................................................................................................. 58 3. 2 The Aristenoi .................................................................................................................... 64 3. 3 The Pantechnai .................................................................................................................. 75 3. 4 The Pepagomenoi .............................................................................................................. 84 3. 5 The Sarantapecheis and Tessarakontapecheis ..................................................................... 91 3. 6 A comparative analysis of families .................................................................................... 97 4 Individuals in the Byzantine élite ............................................................................................ 103 4. 1 John Melidones and Thessalonike .................................................................................... 103 4. 2 The man of Alexios I: Constantine Choirosphaktes .......................................................... 108 4. 3 The man of Alexios III: John Belissariotes ....................................................................... 114 4. 4 A comparative analysis of individual prospects ................................................................ 122 5 Lands and landowners: Distinct cases from the local élites of the provinces ............................. 129 5. 1 The patrimony of the Kephalades .................................................................................... 130 5. 2 Eudokia’s dowry and the hungry landlords: the social background of a sales contract ...... 139 5. 3 The patrimony of the Bourtzai: the provincial branch of an élite family ........................... 145 5. 4 Dispute over land: a case from the chartulary of Latros .................................................... 151 5. 5 A comparative analysis of individual affairs .................................................................... 158 6 The value of office- and titleholding in the letters of the second-tier élite ................................ 161 6. 1 Office- and titleholding in the letters of Theophylact of Ochrid ........................................ 161 6. 2 Office- and titleholding in the letters of Michael Italikos and George Tornikes ................ 169 6. 3 Office- and titleholding in the letters of Michael Choniates .............................................. 174 6. 4 A comparative analysis of narratives on office- and titleholding....................................... 177 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 181 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 185 3 Acknowledgements My work could be not accomplished without the help of numerous people. I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Balázs Nagy who supported my efforts through many years and to Niels Gaul who advised me the topic of this dissertation. My deepest appreciation goes to István Lénárd Magyar, my former supervisor, Marianne Sághy and Terézia Olajos who helped me from the early stages of my university studies, in their memory, after they tragically passed away last year. I am indebt to István Baán, Péter Mol- nár, Albrecht Berger and Péter Bara who read the earlier versions of my dissertation and provided invaluable comments for me. I am deeply grateful to Claudia Rapp, Andreas Rhoby, Eric McGeer, Jonathan Shaw, Sergei Mariev, Werner Seibt, Alexandra-Kyriaki Wassiliou-Seibt, Floris Bernard and Nikolaos Zagklas who helped me during my studies and research projects. Special thanks also to all the Medievalists who taught me at the Eötvös Loránd University. I could not complete my dissertation without the help of several foundations and insti- tutions such as the Balassi Institute, the Österreichischer Austauschdienst, the Aktion Öster- reich-Ungarn Stiftung, the Hungarian Academy in Rome and the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. I owe my deepest gratitude to my family who patiently supported me in many ways. Finally, I would like to thank my friends, Mónika, Judit, Pisti, Giulia, Grigori and Maria for the long discussions and their help in the years of my studies.
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