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Imge A&Ea Dem Bepaa® Dbs P&Mareaats Mattaabs' I, Voa Kanflftaaimopat, By3, 37, 1987 (1S88), 417=418

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Imge A&Ea Dem Bepaa® Dbs P&Mareaats Mattaabs' I, Voa Kanflftaaimopat, By3, 37, 1987 (1S88), 417=418 Durham E-Theses Matthew I, Patriarch of Constantinople (1397 - 1410), his life, his patriarchal acts, his written works Kapsalis, Athanasius G. How to cite: Kapsalis, Athanasius G. (1994) Matthew I, Patriarch of Constantinople (1397 - 1410), his life, his patriarchal acts, his written works, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5836/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 MATTHEW I, PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE (1397 - 1410), HIS LIFE, HIS PATRIARCHAL ACTS, HIS WRITTEN WORK: The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. MASTER OF ARTS THESIS, SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM 1994 A 4} nov m This copy has been supplied for the purpose of research or private study on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement.' =1= CONTENTS ABSTRACT XV-V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VX-VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DC NOTES ON PROPER NAMES X GENERAL INTRODUCTION A brief Historical, Political and Eccle• siastical description of Byzantium during the XTV century and the beginning of the XV. 1-11 PART A; THE LIFE OF PATRIARCH MATTHEW L (c. 1360 -1410) Chapter I. The first Years 12-17 Chapter II. The Handing' of the Charsdaneites' monastery, to Matthew.... 18=21 Chapter III. Matthew's election as Metropolitan of Chalcedon. 22-25 Chapter IV. The Ordination of Matthew as Metropolitan of Kyzikos and the 'Presidency' of Chalcedan. 26-30 Chapter V. The participation of Matthew of Kyzikos in the TSndemousa' synod (Nov. 1387 - Oct. 1397) 31=35 Chapter VI. Matthew as CalHstus IFs successor 36-40 Chapter VII. The election and the ordination of Patriarch Matthew I (1397=1410) 41-51 Chapter VIII. Macarius of Ankara and his previous relations with Mat= thew L 52-57 Chapter DL The ' Secret alliance' and Manuel IFs departure for the West. 58-63 Chapter X. The false accusation of Matthew I as collaborator with the Turks 64-68 Chapter XI. The deposition of Patriarch Matthew 1 69-77 Chapter XII. The second synod about Matthew I's deposition. 78-80 Chapter XIII. The third synod' 81=88 -XX- Chapter XXV. The synodical restoration of Patriarch. Matthew X 89-93 Chapter XV. The reaction of Macarius of Ankara and Matthew of Medeia. 94-102 Chapter XVL The condemnation of Macarius of Ankara and Mat• thew of Medeia. 103=112 Chapter XVXX. The continuation of Matthew X's troubles, because of the two es-Archpriests. Their excommunication. 113-122 Chapter XVXXX. Matthew X's death :.123=124 PABT B: THE PATMAHCHAL ACTION OF MATTHEWS Chapter X. A short introduction to Matthew X's Patriarchal acts 125 Chapter XX. Matthew I's action in the Ecclesiastical affairs. 11:1 His interest in the financial problems of Hagia Sophia. 126-127 11:2 The Ecclesiastical affairs of Russia and Patriarch Matthew I's aid 128-134 11:3 Matthew I's advisory letter to the Governor of Ainos. 135-136 11:4 The Ecclesiastical affair of Trebizond. 137-141 XX: 5 Matthew X's contribution to the Ecclesiastical affairs of the Diocese of Sougdaia and PhouUci 142-143 XX: 6 Theophanis of Herakleia the Exarchate of Thrace, Mace• donia, and the Black Sea. 144=146 11:7 The mission of Joseph Bryeanios to Crete and Cyprus. 147=153 11:8 Matthew I's interest in various Ecclesiastical affairs 154=157 Chapter XXX. Matthew X's action in Monastic affairs. Ill: 1 The Monastic affair of monk Nathanael and his Exarchate over the Patriarchal monasteries of Thessalonica. 158-164 111:2 The Monastic affairs of the Akapniou, the Prodromos and St. Athanasius monasteries 165-167 1X1:3 Matthew X's action concerning minor Monastic affairs 168 Chapter Ell. Matthew I's social work in Constantinople 169-170 -111= PAKT C: PATMARCH MATTHEW PB WRITTEN WOBKS Chapter I. Hie distinction between the Tiypotyposis' and the 'Monastic Testament' 171-172 Chapter II. The "Hypotyposis' of Patriarch Matthew 1 173=181 Chapter III The 'Monastic Testament' of Patriarch Matthew 1 182-190 CONCLUSION - GENERAL SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY A. PRIMARY SOURCES B. MODERN STUDIES AND MONOGRAPHS -IV- ABSTRACT This Thesis is a review of Patriarch Matthew I's life, his Patriarchal acts and his written works. Patriarch Matthew I showed his inclination to the monastic life at a very early age. This love sculpted his character with humility, obedience and many other virtues. After he became Patriarch he had to face various troubles, not only because of the financial ruin of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but also because of his enemies: Macarius of Ankara and Matthew of Medeia. During 1399-1403, Emperor Manuel II went to the West (Italy, France, England), escorted by fifty attendants, including Macarius of Ankara, Matthew Fs enemy and someone very well informed about the Schism of the Western Church. From Emperor Manuel II's letters we can gather that he was well aware of Macarius' plans to depose Matthew I. While Emperor Manuel II was away, Matthew of Medeia acted to depose Patriarch Matthew I from the Patriarchal throne, with the support of the ex-Emperor John VII (1390) who had now become Emperor-regent. After Emperor Manuel II came back from his trip, he supported Matthew I, re-establisiting him on the Patriarchal throne. Macarius of Ankara and Matthew of Medeia, however, insisted on Matthew I's deposition, and repeatedly called for the convention of a number of Synods to prove his non-canonical election. -V- As can be seen, if Matthew Fs two opponents succeeded in deposing him from the Patriarchal throne then a Schism may have arisen in the Eastern Church similar to that of the Western Church, since Matthew I was regarded by the majority as the legal Patriarch and his party would react against any newly- elected Patriarch. With Matthew Fs peaceful intentions and Manuel IFs wisdom, the Church of Constantinople overcame the trouble and the Ecumenical Patriarchate retained its freedom to help what was left of the Byzantine Empire. It must be pointed out that Matthew I acted to resolve many Ecclesiastical affairs, and left behind him two important written works: I. His 'Hypotyposis' which gives advice to the Bishops and the Ecclesiastical Elders of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and II. His 'Monastic Testament' in which Matthew I narrates his life and gives eighteen monastic regulations to the monks of the Charsianeites' monastery. As Matthew I states, these regulations had previously been issued in the'Hypotyposis'of Patriarch Nil. I would like to think that this work might prove useful to Scholars as well as general readers. Covering the wide field of Matthew Fs life - using the primary sources of the Patriarchal records - it can lay claim to much originality. -vi- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Anselm Banduri, Imperium. Orient ale sive antiquitates Const antinopolitanae in quator partes distributae...' = Anselmi Banduri, Domni Ragusini, Presbyteri ac Mon achi Benedictini e congregatione Melitensi, Imperium Orientale sive antiquitates Constantinopolitanae in quator partes distributae: quae ex variis scriptorum Graecorum opsribus & praesertium inediti adornatae, Commentariis & Geographicis, Topographieis, alisque quam plurimis monumentorum ac nomism atom tabellis illustrantur & ad intelligentiam cum sacrae turn profanae historiae apprime conducunt, Opera et Studio, Tomus primus, Venice M.DCC.XXIX (1729). BZ = Byzantdnische Zeitschrift. BF = Byzantinische Forschungen, Byz = Byzantiaa. BZ = Byzantmische Zeitschrift Darrouzes, Regestes = Jean Darrouzes A.A., Les Regestes des Actes du Patriarcat de Constantinople, VoLI: Les Actes des Patriarches, Fasc.VI: Les Regestes de 1377 a 1410, [Le Patriarcat Byzantin, ser.I], Paris 1979. EEBI = 'EneTripiq Tf|q 'Eiaipeiaq Bu^avrivcov InouS&v. E K c& I = O ev KoovaiavTivounoXEi cDiXoXoyiKoq luAAovoq. EO = Echos d' Orient. G.A. RaJlis-M. Potlis, 'ZuviaYlia T&V ©eicov KCU lep&v Kav6vcov...'. = George A. RaUis - M. Potlis, luvTayua TCOV Oeicov KQI -VII- iep<I)v Kavovcov TU)V TE ayicov AnoaToXcov Kai TUJV OIKOU- [ieviKtDv Kai ToniK<I)v auvoScov Kai T&V KaTd pepoq ayicov naiepcov, t.I-IV, Athens 1852-1859. SHE = epnaKEuiiKn KCU "H9iKf| 'E^KUKrlonaiSeia. IEE = 'loropia TOU 'EXXr|ViKOU "E9vouq, t.I-IV, Athens 1980. I.M. Konidares- K.A. Manaphes, ''EniTeXeuTioq BouXr)aiq Kai 5i5aaKaAia...'. = I.M. Konidares- KA. Manaphes, 'EniTsXeunoq 3ouXnaiq Kai 5i5aaKaXia TOO navayicoTdiou ryi&v Seanoiou TOU oiKOUneviKoO naTpiapxou npoq Touq un' aui6v povaxouq, nepiXaiiBavouaa u.sv e^' apxf)q M^XP1 "reXouc, TO KOT' auT6v, £xouaa 56 Kai Tiva £K0eaiv EV KecpaXaioic; SiriPHMevriv T&V Eu.n£pi£iXriu.u.svcov Tf| npoyeYovuia unoTuncoaei napa TOU KaXoynpou auTou TOU navooicoTaTou ev u.ovaxoIq Kupou MapKou. JOBG = Jahrbuch des Osterreichischen Gesellaschaft. J.W. Barker, 'Manuel II...'. = John W. Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425): A Study in Late Byzantine Statesmanship, New Brunswick - New Jersey 1969. M.M. = Miklosich Francis cms et Muller losephus, Acta Patriarchatus Const antinopolitani, MCCC.XV M.CCCC.II (1315-1402), e Codicibus Manu Scriptis Bibliothecae Palatinae Vindobonensds, sumptus praebentae Caesarea Scientiarum Academia, Acta et Diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi Sacra et Profana, Volumen Secundum, ed_ Carolus Gerold, Vindobonae M.DCCC.LXII (1862).
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