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Home , Anna of Savoy, Despot (court title), Grand Domestic, John IV Laskaris, Mesazon, Mouzalon

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85703-1 - Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330 Dimiter Angelov Index More information

Index

abiotikion 288–89, 297, 302–03 Aphthonios 18, 54–55, 56, 73, 92, 200 Agapetos theDeacon 154, 185–87, 194–95, 230 Apokaukos, John 187, 192, 357 Ahrweiler,He´le`ne 5–6, 10–11 Apros, battle of (10 July 1305) 292, 316 Akindynos, Gregory 297 Aquinas, Thomas 24 Akropolites, George 43, 49, 50, 57, 67, 69, 84, Argyropoulos, John 63 93, 99, 124, 136, 137–38, 167, 207–08, Aristides, Aelius 57, 58–59, 126 209, 246, 255, 257, 258, 345 aristocracy 9 Alanmercenaries 291, 303, 316 as constitutionalformofgovernment 200–01, Alexios I Komnenos, emperor 4, 62, 118, 119, 323 126, 167, 331 nature andpolitical clout of 4–5, 109–10 Alexios III Angelos, emperor 2, 119, 120, 125, 129, opposition against 5, 105–07, 179, 209–12, 412 234, 303 Andronikos I Komnenos, emperor 137, 282, 284 see also nobility (eugeneia), conceptof Andronikos II Palaiologos, emperor 7, 30, Aristotle 8, 9, 24, 69, 195, 227, 260, 345, 421 45–47, 56–57, 109, 118, 127, 130–32, 136, Nicomachean Ethics 23, 197, 220–22, 250 148, 169, 177, 262, 268, 278–79, 280, 282, Politics 23, 202–03, 251, 321 290–92, 299, 301, 302, 303, 311, 313, 314, Rhetoric 55 316, 318, 338–40, 342, 354, 369, 371, 395, Arsenios Autoreianos, patriarch of 397–401, 407, 412 Constantinople (in Nicaea during his portrait in court rhetoric 101–02, 103, 110–12, first term inoffice) 44, 296, 329, 366–69, 113–14, 136–40, 141–43, 152–53, 165, 170 374–75, 380–81, 382, 383, 393, 394–95 Andronikos III Palaiologos, emperor 7, 47, 121, anonymous saint’slife of Arsenios 369, 385, 147, 257, 260, 282, 354 386–87, 390–91, 392 Angelos Arsenite schism 271, 366, 393 Angeloidynasty (1185–1204) and family 21, 31, Arsenites 329, 369–71, 384, 396, 410, 412 39, 64, 105, 125, 129, 209, 211, 284, 359 Asan, John, Despot and briefly tsar of Bulgaria MichaelAngelos, Despot (son of MichaelII (John III Asen) 341 Komnenos Doukas) 121, 317, 335, 341, Asanina,Helena, wife of Theodore II 342, 397 Laskaris 207, 214, 231 John Angelos, protostrator 211 Astritsios or Astritsion, fortress intheTroad 271, ThomasAngelos, Despot andruler of Epiros 275 342 Athanasios I, patriarch of Constantinople 145, Anna of Savoy, empress 256 296–97, 304, 315, 320, 355, 371–72, 382, anointment of theemperor 391, 393–413, 419, 423 metaphorical(with imperial powerbyGod) novelof5, 190, 296–97, 302, 355, 408 359, 388–90, 393 physical(with holy chrism by thepatriarch) Baldus de Ubaldis 17 387–92 Balsamon, Theodore 358–59, 365, 389, 400, 416 Anonymous of Vaticanus gr. 112 69–70, 94, Bapheus, battle of (27 July 1302) 316 177–79 Barbarossa, Frederick I, Western emperor 377 Antony IV, patriarch of Constantinople 104–05 Bartolus of Saxoferrato 17

446

Index 447

BasilI,emperor 128 comparison (synkrisis) see also Pseudo-Basil comparative figures in panegyric 85–91 Beck,Hans-Georg 11, 310 as rhetorical devicein panegyric 52 Benedict of SanctaSusanna, Romancardinal377 see also Constantine theGreat, David, beneficence, imperial(see generosity, imperial) Zorobabel Blastares, Matthew 17, 135, 375, 383–84 Constantine theGreat, emperor 10, 44, 91, 357, Blemmydes, Nikephoros 9, 65, 106, 107, 207, 402, 416 209, 213, 290, 309, 362, 385 Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Imperial Statue 188, 191, 192, 196, 200, 212, emperor 289 223, 236, 238, 240, 243, 249, 254, 292 Constantine thePhilosopher,saint 128 polemic with Theodore II Laskaris, see Constantinople, ideologicalsignificance 103–04, Theodore II Laskaris 114, 149, 419 Bohemond, prince of Taranto and Contra Graecos (Tractatus contra Graecos), Antioch 331–32, 334 authoredbyaDominican in Bracton, Henry de 17 Constantinoplein 1252 380 Buonaccorsi of Bolognia 378 coronation, imperial 358 coronation promise of theemperor 411–14 Catalan GrandCompany, Catalans 225, 257, Crete,Venetian-held 312, 335 268, 291, 292, 298, 303, 315, 316, 325, 333 crown estates 272, 287, 294 Catherine of Courtenay,titular Latin empress of see also taxation Constantinople 131, 173 crusading ideology, influence 100–01, 114 Chabaron, Constantine 211 Chalkokondyles, Laonikos 235 Dagron, Gilbert 352 Chalkoutzes, metropolitanofDyrrachion 110 Dante Alighieri 24, 233 Chandrenos, general andrelative of Thomas David,OldTestament king 90, 127–30, 133, 175, Magistros 298 362 CharlesofAnjou (CharlesI,king of Naples and defender (dephensor)ofthe church, imperial Sicily) 43, 102, 175 epithet 412–13 CharlesofValois, titular Latin emperor of democracy, constitutionalformof Constantinople 121, 131, 173, 320 government 200–02 Charles II, king of Naples 173 Demosthenes 57, 58, 59, 174, 180 Cheilas, John, anti-Arseniteauthor 370, 412 depoutatos 358 Chomatenos, Demetrios 6, 18, 187, 192, 195, 238, dibamboulon (or dibampoulon) 399 292, 354, 359, 384, 390, 415–16, 419 Diogenes, John 129 Choniates, Michael 39, 106, 126 Disypatos, Manuel 370 Choniates, Niketas divine right, see sacral kingship ashistorian 137, 253–54, 266, 285, 327 dominium directum 149, 417 as panegyrist 39, 62, 64–65, 99, 100, 101, 106, Donation of Constantine 352, 363–65, 375–84, 124, 125, 126, 164 421 Chosen People of God (Byzantine Drymys, John, conspirator (1305) 118, 121, 316, self-portrayal) 99–100, 101 320, 369 Choumnos, Nikephoros 21, 56, 59, 71–72, 76, Duichev,Ivan 6 94, 136, 139–40, 141, 143, 162, 163, Dyrrachion, city of 293, 295, 313, 318–19 176–77, 260, 278, 345, 396, 406, 409 Chrysoberges, Andreas 376 Eirene-Yolanda of Montferrat, empress 190, 198 Chrysoberges, Nikephoros 39, 62 Eirenikos, Nicholas 42, 65, 84 chrysobull (formofimperialcharter) 30, 32, 40, Eisagoge,see Photios, patriarch 46 elective kingship, ideology of 131–32, 280–85 Chrysostom, Dio 63, 185, 189 encomium, see panegyric, imperial Chrysostom, John 229, 361, 395 Entença, Berenguar d’, Catalanleader and grand Civil War, First (1321-1328) 7, 75, 151–54, 198, 199, duke (megas doux) 334, 340 257, 260, 280, 281, 282, 307, 314 Epiros, principality (brieflyempire) 3, 6, 39, 270, Civil War, Second (1341-1347) 14, 201, 256, 257, 290, 295, 335–40, 374 285, 292, 319 epistemonarches, priestly epithetoftheemperor commendation, feudal 138, 225, 337 359–60, 390, 394, 396, 413

448 Index

eugeneia,see nobility Gregory of Cyprus, patriarch of Constantinople Eugenikos, John, nomophylax 414 (patriarch Gregory II), rhetorician 49, 70–71, 99, 103, 113, 124, 130, 136, 139, Ferran d’Aune´s, Catalanleader and grand 144–45, 163–64, 165 domestic 317 asletter-writer 46, 144–45, 338–39 feudalor quasi-feudal ideas 224–26, 346–47 asteacher 57–59, 345 see also oath-taking; commendation; Gregory of Nazianzus 229, 231 hypocheirios (hypocheiros); lizios groom service,ceremonial(ofﬁcium ﬂeet, imperial stratoris) 364, 375, 377, 380, 381–83 disbanding of (c. 1285) 175, 290, 291 Guiscard, Robert 334 emphasisonimportance of 174, 175–76, 196, 303, 317 Harmenopoulos, Constantine 16–17, 255, 376, Fo¨gen, Marie Theres 12–13 398 Fourth Crusade, consequences Hellenism, ideology of 95–98 dislocation of individuals 38–39 Hermogenes 18, 52, 54–55, 73, 92, 166, 174 fragmentation 2–3 200, 202 forimperial ideology 40–41, 96, 98–101 heuresis thesaurou 287, 289, 301–02, 342 Frederick III, king of Aragon andSicily 334 Hexabiblos,see Harmenopoulos, Constantine friendship hoarding of wealth, admonition against 194, friendship formulary on oaths 224, 317, 331, 299, 308 332–35 Hobbes, Thomas 310 see also Theodore II Laskaris, treatise on Hohenstaufen politicalfriendship Anna-Constance 42, 188, 213, 374 Emperor Frederick II 212, 240, 352, 381 Gabalas, Manuel(sameas MichaelofEphesos) Holobolos, Manuel 20, 38, 44–45, 46, 49, 56, 57, 76, 93, 139, 162, 409 67–70, 80, 94–95, 103, 109, 110, 111, 124, Gabras, Michael 57 130, 136, 200–01, 345 Galaktion, anti-unionist monk 396, 397 Hunger,Herbert 10, 184 Galesiotes, George 70, 188 hypocherios (hypocheiros) 224, 330, 331–32, 336, General JudgesoftheRomans 319, 354 339, 340 generosity, imperial 80, 84, 134, 135–37, 146, 147, see also oath-taking 191, 194, 301 hypocheiriotes 342 arbitrary, autocratic and universal 135–36, Hyrtakenos, Theodore 76 147–48, 153, 154, 194, 275, 294, 300–01, 303 Iasites, Job 396 reciprocally conditioned and selective 150–54, ideology, imperial 294 changes andpeculiarities in Nicaea 40–41, see also privilege,systemofeconomic; 83–84, 96, 98–101, 105–07, 114–15, 137–38 reciprocity continuity of 41–45, 91–92, 107, 114 Genoa 201, 341 sourceson2, 15–25 George of Pelagonia (George thePhilosopher) see also Kaiseridee; taxation 133, 162, 260, 263–67, 273, 280–85, 346 imperium,see kingship Germanos II, patriarch of Constantinople (in Innocent III, pope 389 Nicaea) 65, 95–96, 97, 130, 230, 353, 362, Innocent IV, pope 367, 380–81 405 Ioaninna 342–43 Germanos III, patriarch of Constantinople 44, IsaacIIAngelos, emperor 129, 360, 390 69, 360, 370 Isidore of Kiev 48, 104 Glabas, Michael Tarchaneiotes 170 Isocrates 184, 186, 192, 197 Gregoras, Nikephoros 20, 21, 75, 94, 162, 164, Izz al-Din Kaykaus II, Seljuk sultan 172 165, 175, 247 as a historian 256–57, 259, 280, 281–82, Jacob, archbishop of Ohrid (Jacob of Bulgaria) 346 49, 66–67, 80, 99, 106, 108, 168–69 preambles by 151–54, 155–60 John I Doukas(John theBastard), sebastokrator Gregory IX, pope 96, 405 andruler of Thessaly 138, 148, 338–40 Gregory X, pope 382 John II Komnenos, emperor 62, 126, 129

Index 449

John III Vatatzes, emperor 3, 4, 42, 65–67, 96, Kokalas, megas logariastes 152 101, 105–07, 117, 118, 124–25, 130, 136, Komnena, Anna,historian 235 137–38, 169, 179, 187, 240, 244, 267, 336, Komnenos, Alexios I, ruler of Trebizond 337, 362, 367, 381 (brother of David) 328 image inhistorical accounts 271–73, 281 David, ruler of Trebizond (brother of Alexios) legend of Vatatzes assaint John theMerciful 64, 130, 137, 140, 164, 328, 337 267–69 Komnenos Doukas, familyandrulingdynastyin John IV Laskaris, child-emperor 42, 65, 118, Epiros 39, 118, 211, 336 122–23, 320, 329, 368 Komnenos Doukas, John (son of Theodore), John V Palaiologos, emperor 132, 257, 260, 282 emperor of Epiros 336 John VI Kantakouzenos, emperor 121, 220, 256, Manuel, emperor of Epiros 337 257, 259, 285 Michael I, founder of the state of Epiros 336 as a historian 201, 256–60, 269, 330, 382 Michael II, Despot of Epiros 66, 106, 169 John XI Bekkos, patriarch 164, 262 Nikephoros I, Despot of Epiros 338 John XII Kosmas, patriarch 178, 296, 315, 399, Theodore, ruler andemperor of Epiros 400 (crowned in 1227) 18, 66, 95, 105, 118, John XIII Glykys, patriarch 391 187, 292, 336, 337, 384 John de laRoche, duke of Athens andThebes338 Kroia 343 JosephI,patriarch of Constantinople 45, 71, 369, Kydones, Demetrios 21, 376 370 JosephthePhilosopher 53–54, 57, 167 Lampenos, Nicholas 75, 94, 109, 111, 132, 136, Summation of Rhetoric 21–22, 53, 82 139, 171, 247 just war,Aristotelian ideology 196 Laskarina, Eirene, empress 65, 67, 106, 207, 273 justice, imperial(see also virtues, four Laskaris cardinal) 134–35, 191 Alexios, sebastokrator 118, 120 partiality of 143, 219, 223 family 106, 117 universality of 141, 145, 194, 303 Isaac, sebastokrator 118, 120 see also philanthropy, imperial; privilege, Nicholas andJohn (sons of Theodore I) 227 systemofeconomic see also Theodore I Laskaris, emperor; Theodore II Laskaris, emperor; John IV Kabasilas, Constantine 359, 390 Laskaris, emperor Nicholas 125, 132, 281, 407 Latini, Brunetto 233 Kaiseridee 10–11, 13, 91–92, 154, 253, 309, 417 law, emperor’s relation to 17, 18, 140, 141–43, 194, see also sacral kingship; generosity, imperial; 242–45 philanthropy, imperial; sun-emperor; Lazaros, anti-unionist monk 397 stoicism and self-control, imperial; liberty of the church (libertas ecclesiae) 393, 400, military virtues, imperial; universalism, 405–08 imperial lizios 331, 332, 341 Kalampakes, tatas tes aules 211 Kallistos, anti-Arseniteauthor 370 Macchiavelli, Niccolo` 234–36, 241–42, 251–52 Kamateros, John 39 Magistros, Thomas 189, 297–98, 309, 423 Kantakouzenos, family 108 On Kingship 175, 183, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, see also John VI Kantakouzenos, emperor; 222, 223–24, 247, 274, 280, 286, 298–303, Matthew I Kantakouzenos, emperor 320 Karayannopoulos, Ioannes 211 On the Polity 197, 297, 303–05 Karyanites, protovestiarites 211 Magnesia,city of 122–23, 267–68, 271, 275, 296, Kassianos, grand primmikerios 121, 292 367, 375, 380, 381 Kaykhusraw I, Seljuk sultan 65, 266 Makarios of Ankara 372–73, 376–77, 386, 391, Kazhdan, Alexander 149 414 Kekaumenos 195, 223–24, 230 Manfred, king of Sicily 110, 381 kingship orkinglypower (basileia, Mansur, son of SultanIzz al-Din Keykaus II imperium) 360–62, 402 172 see also priesthood or priestlypower,two ManuelIKomnenos, emperor 30, 31, 43, 117, powerstheory 122, 126, 129, 327, 360 Kinnamos, John, historian 377 ManuelIIPalaiologos, emperor 48, 372, 391

450 Index

Manuel II, patriarch of Constantinople (in MichaelofEphesos, commentator on Nicaea) 272, 294 Aristotle 202, 220, 251 Margarites, Constantine, grand archon 211 military virtues, imperial 82–83, 91, 101, 114, Marsilius of Padua 24 195–96 master of therhetors(twelfth-century see also crusading ideology, influence; just war, office) 31–38, 44 ideology see also rhetor of therhetors mirrorsofprinces 12, 92, 184–97, 222–24, 234, Matarangides 313–14, 318–19, 324 391, 419 Matarangoi,Albanianclan 319, 341 Mommsen, Theodor 116 Matarangos, Nicholas, General Judge of the Mongols 69, 71, 172, 305, 336 Romans 319 Moschopoulos, Manuel Matthew I, patriarch of Constantinople 372 as politicaltheorist 12, 201, 310, 320–26, Matthew I Kantakouzenos, emperor 125, 132, 281 343–47, 420, 421, 422 Matthew of Ephesos (see Gabalas, Manuel) biography 311–12, 314–16 Melchizedek 362, 392 Moschopoulos, Nikephoros 312, 315, 346 Melik Constantine, son of SultanIzz al-Din Mount Athos 355, 407 Keykaus II 172 Iviron monastery 150 Melissa,florilegium (tenth oreleventh Lavra monastery 147, 150 century) 187, 230, 361, 362 Mouzakios, Theodore Raoul 317 Melnik 343 Mouzalon Menander 18, 52–53, 55, 56, 73, 82, 92, 105, 110, Andronikos, granddomestic 211 113, 134–35, 163 George, protovestiarios, protosebastos, grand mercenary troops 100, 218, 225, 307 stratopedarches and mesazon 122, 210–11, opposition against 289–90, 295, 303 212, 214, 216, 218, 231–33, 237, 248, 367 see also Alanmercenaries;Catalan Grand Theodore, mesazon 144 Company Mystras 315 Mesarites, John 20 Mesarites, Nicholas 3, 360, 379 Nea Mone, monastery on theisland of Chios Methodios, anti-Arseniteauthor,correspondent 150 of Gregory of Cyprus 163, 370 Nestongos, Andronikos 120, 122 Metochites, George 72–73, 163 Nicaea Metochites, Theodore 9, 20, 21, 56, 59, 71–74, city of 5, 7, 73, 130, 169, 228, 260 76, 78, 93, 141, 162, 195, 200, 224, 260, empire of 2–3, 6, 30, 38, 39–40, 360 279, 286, 396, 402, 419 Nicholas, bishop of Croton (Cotrona) 293 imperialoration, first 73, 102, 108, 110, 163, 176 NicholasofOtranto 377 imperialoration, second 73, 94, 97, 98, 102, Nikephoros of Ephesos (Nikephoros II), 140, 169–70, 180, 270 patriarch of Constantinople (in Miscellanea philosophica et historica (Semeioseis Nicaea) 368 gnomikai) 16, 63, 98, 141, 196, 197–98, Niphon, patriarch of Constantinople 394, 395 200–01, 203, 245, 305–08 nobility (eugeneia), conceptof105–06, 107–08, Meyendorff, John 6 226–34, 422 MichaelIKeroularios, patriarch of Nomikopoulos, Theodore 151 Constantinople 363 Nymphaion, city of 5, 130, 201 MichaelIVAutoreianos, patriarch of Constantinople (in Nicaea) 100 oath-taking 139, 318, 326–43 Michael VII Doukas, emperor 62, 334 as presented in Manuel Moschopoulos’ Michael VIII Palaiologos, emperor 3, 5, 42–45, treatise 323–26, 329, 343–44 99, 101, 109, 110, 118, 119, 122–23, 124–25, see also hypocherios,friendship formulain 127, 130, 131–32, 133, 136, 138–39, 150, 167, oaths 169, 174, 204, 208, 210, 230, 239, 247, officium stratoris (see groom service,ceremonial) 257, 262, 268, 270–71, 273–74, 280, 281, Ohrid, identified as JustinianaPrima 384 329, 337–38, 340–41, 360, 367–69, oikeioi, oikeiotes 138, 224 374–75, 380–82, 383, 395, 406 On Political Science,sixth-century dialogue 12, MichaelIXPalaiologos, emperor 48, 118, 150, 250 172, 189, 262, 267, 318, 342, 397 oratory, see rhetoric

Index 451

Ostrogorsky, George 352 Philotheos Kokkinos, patriarch of Oxeites, Alexios 167 Constantinople 298, 398 phonikon 288, 289, 297 Pachymeres, George,historian 69, 175, 202, 235, Photios, patriarch of Constantinople 186, 223, 247, 255, 258, 260–63, 267, 269–80, 321, 363 329, 345, 346, 371 Eisagoge 12, 17, 135, 363, 387, 413 Palaiologina, Theodora Raoulaina Planoudes, Maximos 48, 54, 63, 74–75, 93, 108, Kantakouzene, protovestiarissa 58, 212, 113, 139, 172–77, 180, 312, 345–46, 419 369 Plato 24, 59, 195, 265, 282, 283, 344–46, 421 Palaiologos, see Michael VIII Palaiologos, Apology 236 emperor; Andronikos II Palaiologos, Laws 346 emperor; MichaelIXPalaiologos, Republic 19, 310, 321–23, 326, 346 emperor; John V Palaiologos, emperor; Statesman 244 ManuelIIPalaiologos, emperor Plethon, George Gemistos 19, 346 Alexios, Despot 119 political thought Andronikos, granddomestic and father of compared with theWest 22–25, 203, 233–36, Michael VIII 106, 108 241–42, 251–52, 346, 395, 404–08, 421–22 Constantine, Despot 119 as a subdivision of philosophy 8–9 Constantine thePorphyrogennetos, Despot pontifex maximus (archiereus megistos), priestly andbrother of Andronikos II 121, 276 title of theemperor 357, 359 John, Despot andbrother of Michael VIII 49, preambles(prooimia) 10, 15, 21, 29–30, 32, 46, 138, 276 145–54 Palaiologan dynastyand family 5, 107–09, 119, priesthood or priestlypower (hierosyne, 124, 211 sacerdotium) 360–62, 402–03 Syrgiannes 121, 335 see also kingship orkinglypower; two powers Theodore,marquisofMontferrat 200, 224, theory 230 privilege,systemofeconomic 4, 139, 143–45, 154, Palamas, Gregory 20, 162, 257, 409 254, 308, 309, 418 Panagiotes, anti-Latin polemicist 382 prokypsis ceremony 41–42, 45, 50, 69, 77 panegyric, imperial 16, 18, 19, 20–21, 22, 29–30, pronoia 4, 76, 136–37, 254, 269–70, 276, 289, 46, 47–50, 52, 55 290–91 lobbying function 61–64, 161–80, 423 prooimia, see preambles panegyric, political 166, 168, 173–74, 177 Psellus, Michael 20, 62, 128, 235, 334, 344 Paphlagonia (Kastamonu) 171–72 Pseudo-Basil 154, 185–87, 194–95, 223, 227, 230, parthenophthoria 288 391 patriarch of Constantinople Pseudo-Kodinos 42, 45, 358, 383, 412 election andinvestiture 4, 355–56 publicofﬁce-holder,theemperoras 192–93, Latin patriarch of Constantinople 379 254–55, 280, 285, 294 in Nicaean exile 353–54 see also elective kingship, ideology of; Pediasimos Pothos, John 68, 69, 345 republicanism, Roman Pelagius of Albano, Romancardinal 379 Pelagonia (Bitola) 263 reciprocity 155, 218–20, 234 battle of 43, 101, 110, 138, 338 see also generosity, imperial Petrine claim 404 remission of sins Philadelphia 76, 228, 409–11 see crusading ideology, inﬂuence Philanthropenos, Alexios 76, 121, 122, 173, 176 republicanism, Roman 11, 253 philanthropy, imperial 22, 52, 84, 111–14, 139–40, rhetoric 18–23 142–45, 176, 191, 299 genericcategories 52 Philes, Theodore, governor of Thessaloniki 179, theory 21–22 239, 249 see also panegyric, imperial Manuel, poet 76–77 Rhetorica Marciana 53, 77, 92 Philip, prince of Taranto and Achaia 319 Rhetorica Monacensis 53, 112, 126 philosopher-ruler, Platonic conception of 85, rhetor of therhetors, orrhetor 44, 47 93–94, 191, 195 Rhodes 295 criticism of the conception 238 Roger de Flor, Catalanleader and caesar 225, 341

452 Index

sacerdotium,see priesthood Nikephoros Blemmydes; Magistros, sacral kingship 79–80, 147–48, 152, 191, 301, 393 Thomas, On Kingship self-control, imperial, see stoicism, imperial Thamar, Epirote princess 397 Senacherim, Michael, protasekretis 270, 329 Themistius 9, 22, 57, 58, 62, 113, 126, 142, 247 Serbs, portrayed in panegyric 178–79 Theodore I Laskaris, emperor 2, 64–65, 100, 101, Sevˇ cˇenko, Ihor 311 105–07, 117, 124, 125, 127, 129, 164, 284, Sikeliotes, John 55, 162 328, 360, 379 Simonis, daughter of Andronikos II 70, 177, 179, Theodore II Laskaris, emperor 3, 4, 14, 19, 40, 296 65–67, 96–97, 98, 117, 122, 137, 191, 198, simony 394–95, 398–99, 408 204–15, 289–90, 293, 309, 346–47, 385, Andronikos II’snovelonsimony (1294) 355, 402, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423 357, 399 epitaphonFrederick II Hohenstaufen 188, Skoutariotes, Theodore, dikaiophylax and 212–13, 238, 239–41, 244 metropolitanofKyzikos 55, 255, 257, 262 Ethical Epitomes Describing the Instability of see also Synopsis Chronike Life 215, 231, 238 Sophronios, conspirator (possibly identical with Explanation of the World 213–14 Sophonias, Aristotelian BookThree “Pillar of theWorld orLife” commentator) 131 214, 232–33, 237–39, 243–44, 248 Staphidakis 50 BookFour“On Obscurityand the StephanIVDuˇsan, kingandemperor of Testimony thatthe AuthorisIgnorant of Serbia 289, 382 Philosophy” StephanUroˇsIIMilutin, king of Serbia 70, 177 image inhistorical works 209, 275–76, 279 Stilbes, Constantine 39 as imperial panegyrist 40, 65–66, 93, 179–80, stoicism and self-control, imperial 81–82, 192 243 Strategopoulos, Alexios, granddomestic, On the Natural Communion (Six Discourses on caesar 43, 49, 210, 211, 232, 325 the Natural Communion) 16, 213, 221, Constantine (son of Alexios) 210 226–28, 237, 238 sun-emperor 80, 152 polemic with Nikephoros Blemmydes 14, 214, Svoronos, Nikos 225, 310 236–37, 238, 242, 244, 286, 293–96 Symeon theGreat, tsar of Bulgaria 186 treatise on politicalfriendship 197, 212, Symeon of Thessaloniki 373–74, 382–83, 386, 215–26, 344 390, 391–92, 414, 415–16 TheodoretofCyrrhus 229 Synadenos, John, grand stratopedarches 340–41 Theognostos (see Thesauros) Synesius 63, 185, 188, 189, 190–91, 245 Theoleptos, metropolitanofPhiladelphia 56, 76, Synopsis Chronike, attributed to Theodore 370, 396–97, 409–11, 423 Skoutariotes 209, 255 Theophylaktos of Ohrid 62, 195, 223 Synopsis Minor 16–17, 135 Thesauros, attributed to Theognostos 187, 191, Syntagma of Matthew Blastares(see Blastares, 192 Matthew) Thessaloniki 75, 189, 190, 197, 200, 297–98, 304, 336, 337, 343 Tagaris, Manuel 76, 409 Thessaly, region and principality 148, 149, 228, Tarchaneiotes, John 121, 340, 409 335, 339–40, 396 taxation, imperial Tinnefeld, Franz 253 contrasted to exploitation of crownlands Tornikes, Constantine, grand primmikerios, 271–73, 280 sebastokrator 49, 209, 232, 395 criticism of imperialtax policy 270, 273–79, Constantine,logothete of thedrome 209 295–303, 308–09 Demetrios, mesazon 209 ideology of tax-gathering state 154–55 Demetrios, logothete of thedrome 209 increase of taxation andintroduction of new Euthymios 39 taxes 287–92 Tr alles, restoration of 102 taxation policypresented in panegyrics 135, treasure troves, see heuresis thesaurou 137–38, 139–45 Trebizond, empire of 3 see also generosity, imperial; dominium metropolitanof353 directum; privilege,systemofeconomic; see also Komnenos, Alexios I;Komnenos, Theodore II Laskaris, polemic with David

Index 453

Tre itinger, Otto 10 Vatatzes, John Komnenos, granddomestic 266 Trikkala 342 Venice 41, 68, 74, 172, 312, 336, 374 triumph 43, 46 Verroia 343 Troulenos, George, imperial oikeios 146, 289 Villehardouin, Geoffrey II, prince of Achaia 337 Turks William II, prince of Achaia 338 as portrayed in court rhetoric 97, 102, 171–72 virtues, imperial 78–85 two powers, theory of 360–62, 402–03 four cardinal virtues(justice, prudence, tyranny intelligence, and bravery) 52, 55, 80–81, contrasted to legitimatekingship 140, 245–46, 93 254, 302, 307 semantic connotations in Greek 246–47 William de laRoche, duke of Athens and viewsofTheodore II Laskarisontyranny 236, Thebes 338 245–50 WilliamofMoerbeke 23

Union of Ferrara-Florence 376, 414 Xyleas, skouterios 211 Union of Lyons 46, 68, 71, 72, 74, 163, 268, 281, 370, 382, 396, 409 Zealots (Zealot regimein Thessaloniki) 14, 189, universalism, ideology 201, 283 of the church 401–04, 408 Zonaras, John, historian 253–54, 285 imperial 83–84, 91, 102–05, 114 Zorobabel 90, 99–100