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Vascular Flora of Love Valley Wildlife Management Area, Love County, Oklahoma

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Vascular Flora of Love Valley Wildlife Management Area, Love County, Oklahoma 9 Vascular Flora of Love Valley Wildlife Management Area, Love County, Oklahoma Bruce W. Hoagland Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 Forrest Johnson (deceased) Oklahoma Biological Survey, and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 This article reports the results of an inventory of the vascular plants from the Love Valley Wildlife Management Area in south-central Oklahoma. Three hundred sixty- eight species of vascular plants in 258 genera and 86 families were collected. The most species were collected from the families Asteraceae (54), Poaceae (47), and Fabaceae (35). One hundred six species were annuals, and 241 were perennials. Sixty-nine species of woody plants were present. Thirty-one exotic species were collected representing 8.6% of the flora. One species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory was found. This study reports 162 species previously not documented in Love County. © 2004 Okla- homa Academy of Science INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA Biotic inventories are the foundation of con- The LVWMA encompasses 3,134 ha in Love servation biology and biogeographic re- County (Fig. 1; Wyatt 2004). It is located search. This study had two objectives, the along the North Bank of the Red River im- first of which was to fill a gap in floristic mediately upstream from Lake Texoma. The data for south-central Oklahoma. Prior to LVWMA was established in 1969 and is one 1997, the year collecting began for this study, of 64 wildlife management areas maintained 345 species were reported from Love County by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife (Hoagland 2004). Botanical study of Love Conservation. Latitudinal extent ranges County began on 15 April 1913, when G. W. from 33.72oN to 33.82oN and longitudinal Stevens collected 54 specimens. In addition extent from 97.02oW to 94.14oW. to 1913, peak years for plant collecting in The LVWMA is located within the sub- Love County were 1938 (51 specimens) and tropical humid (Cf) climate zone (Trewartha 1953 (42 specimens; Hoagland 2004). 1968). Summers are warm (mean July tem- The second objective of this study was perature = 27.7oC) and humid, whereas win- to provide a comprehensive floristic inven- ters are relatively short and mild (mean tory and species for resource managers at January temperature = 1.9oC). Mean annual Love Valley Wildlife Management Area precipitation is 105.6 cm, with periodic se- (LVWMA). Such inventories aid resource vere droughts (Oklahoma Climatological managers in locating populations of sensi- Survey 2003). Physiographically, the study tive species and documenting the occur- area is located within the Osage Plains sec- rence of exotic and nuisance species (Barkley tion of the Central Lowlands province (Hunt 2000). Ignorance of the presence of exotic 1974) and the Dissected Coastal Plain prov- species can be detrimental to sensitive spe- ince of Oklahoma (Curtis and Ham 1979). cies and/or exert adverse economic impacts The surface geology is primarily Quaternary (Ertter 2000). silt, sand, and clay, but an outcropping of Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 84: pp 9-18 (2004) 10 B.W. HOAGLAND and F. JOHNSON Figure 1: Location of Love Valley Wildlife Management Area and floristic collection sites. Collection sites are denoted as white circles. Cretaceous sandstone is also preset (Branson (2000). Collections also were made ran- and Johnson 1979). Elevation ranges from domly throughout the LVWMA from March 197 m to 243 m. The primary soil associa- through October 1997. Vouchers for species tion at LVWMA is the Miller-Yahola, which exotic to North America were made from is composed of deep, clayeyand loamey soils naturalized populations only, thus exclud- in bottomlands. The Dougherty-Eufaula ing cultivated and ornamental plants. Speci- association occurs on deep sandy soils in mens were processed at the Robert Bebb uplands (Maxwell and Reasoner 1966). The Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma predominant potential vegetation types are (OKL) following standard procedures. Quercus stellata-Q. marilandica forest and Manuals used for specimen identification woodlands, bottomland forests, and included Waterfall (1969), Great Plains Flora tallgrass prairies (Duck and Fletcher 1943). Association (1986), and Diggs et al (1999). These vegetation types are restricted in dis- Origin, either native or introduced, was de- tribution. The majority of bottomland for- termined by using Taylor and Taylor (1991) ests are tilled and planted in crops. Old- and US Department of Agriculture-Natural fields are also a common land cover type at Resources Conservation Service (USDA- LVWMA. NRCS 2004). Nomenclature follows the (USDA-NRCS 2004). Voucher specimens METHODS were deposited at OKL. Eight collection sites were established at RESULTS AND DISCUSSION LVWMA for intensive floristic sampling. Sites were selected following a review of US A total of 368 species of vascular plants in Geological Survey 1:24,000 topographic 86 families and 258 genera were collected at maps and field reconnaissance. The pre- LVWMA (Table 1). Among the an- dominant vegetation association at these giosperms, 78 were monocots, and 276 were sites was classified according to Hoagland dicots. In addition, there were five species Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 84: pp 9-18 (2004) VASCULAR FLORA OF LOVE VALLEY WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA 11 Table 1: Summary of floristic collections threatened or endangered species were en- made at Love Valley Wildlife Management countered at LVWMA. Marsilea vestita Area, Love County, Oklahoma.* (G5S1) was the only species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Taxonomic Native Introduced (ONHI; 2004) encountered. (Species are group Species spp. spp. ranked by the ONHI according to level of imperilment at the global [G] and state [S] Equisetophyta 1 1 0 level on a scale of 1-5; with 1 representing a Pteridophyta 5 5 0 species that is imperiled and 5 a species that Coniferophyta 1 1 0 is secure [Groves et al 1995]). Magnoliophyta As a result of this study, 523 species are Magnoliopsida 277 259 18 now known to occur in Love County. A Liliopsida 84 72 12 comparison with the Atlas of the Flora of Total 368 338 30 Oklahoma database (AFO; Hoagland 2004) revealed that of the 361 species reported in * Table format follows Palmer et al (1995). this study, 162 had been previously collected in Love County. However, 164 species re- ported in the AFO database were not col- of ferns, one fern ally, and one gymnosperm. lected in this study. The Asteraceae (54), Poaceae (47), and Fabaceae (35) had the greatest number of The eight collection sites occurred species. The genera Carex (8), Quercus (6), within four vegetation associations. These and Symphyotrichum (6) included the great- associations are described in Hoagland est number of species. One hundred six (2000). A brief description of each follows. species of annuals, 12 biennials, and 241 perennials were in the LVWMA flora. Sixty- Quercus stellata-Q. marilandica-Carya nine species of woody plants were collected: texana forest association 27 trees, 26 shrubs, and 16 woody vines. This association occurred on uplands Thirty-one species (8.6%) from 12 fami- with deep sandy soils and was of limited lies were introduced to North America. The extent. Associated species include Aesculus families with the greatest number of intro- glabra, Cercis canadensis, Helianthus hirsutus, duced species were Poaceae (12) and Juglans nigra, Monarda punctata, Prunus Fabaceae (9). Eighteen of the introduced mexicana, Schizachyrium scoparium, species were annuals, one was biennial, and Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and Viburnum 12 were perennials. The percentage of ex- rufidulum. otic species was low in comparison to re- cently published floristic inventories. At Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus Keystone Wildlife Management Area, 15% americana forest association of the flora was composed of exotic species, Most common in seasonally flooded 12% at the Chickasaw National Recreation bottomlands along the Red River. Common Area, (Hoagland and Johnson 2001), 9% at associates include Acer negundo, Ampelopsis the Oologah Wildlife Management Area cordata, Boehmeria cylindrica, Celtis laevigata, (Hoagland and Wallick 2003) and Hugo Gleditsia triacanthos, and Morus rubra. Wildlife Management Area (Hoagland and Buthod, forthcoming), and 11% for an inven- Schizachyrium scoparium-Bouteloua tory of Tillman County (Hoagland et al, curtipendula herbaceous association forthcoming). However, both Red Slough This association occurred on upland and Grassy Slough had a much lower per- slopes underlain by Cretaceous sandstone. centage of exotics, 6.6% (Hoagland and Common associated species include Johnson, forthcoming). No federally listed Andropogon gerardii, Artemisia psilostachya, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 84: pp 9-18 (2004) 12 B.W. HOAGLAND and F. JOHNSON Helianthus hirsutus, Krameria lanceolata, REFERENCES Pediomelum cuspidatum, Rhus aromatica, Barkley TM. 2000. Floristic studies in contemporary Symphyotrichum ericoides, and Tridens flavuus. botany. Madroño 47:253-258. Branson CC, Johnson KS. 1979. Generalized geologic map of Oklahoma. In: Johnson KS, Branson CC, Wetland and aquatic vegetation Curtis NM, Ham WE, Harrison WE, Marcher MV, Wetlands were limited to human-made and Roberts JF, editors. Geology and earth re- ponds, a spring, and some seeps. As a re- sources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey. p 4. sult, it was decided not to classify wetlands Curtis NM, Ham WE. 1979. Geomorphic
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