DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology and Geohydrology of the Palo Duro Basin, Texas Panhandle a Report on the Progress of Nuclear Waste Isolation Feasibilily Studies (L9/9]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

( <!" ~ MASTER Geological Circular 80-7 l980 Geology and Geohydrology of the Palo Duro Basin, Texas Panhandle A Report on the Progress of Nuclear Waste Isolation Feasibilily Studies (l9/9] -- 0KcAHOMA_0__ ~.;_·-·- --1"''·',_,----- -.' )0·11~------~-~----;;------- fN /. I [ · . 't\_ TEXA5\ ·_· ., /{J?i\ ,,:_/~' I ;:> I ' . ...r·zoo I 0 I ., l'& {{} . \..__~·z~ ~ ., ~o~. } I \ "'o "'\ •' · 0 ~, 40rnt ~ • / • • . - • y '"'' "" 0" 0~-~- """ [_. --:-<... ) I (_ & rvol , 50 It (15m) ; "'" ·.E> - • • ·.! Mr~"'~- . ; )' /Ot-?1!> Contour one I ~00 ' • , __ -· -~. / '-<~ 1 ~ I· &; / -?0 : .tvHyDf? · · .. ·~-o11) I O'o' C '-- ''F:, .----- r <!>( ~"+o :. 350~~<,~~--~lit''F: : ~ .or~~~--r. ·:~ l_' ·-:-~~ .J.R' !-=~~:~. =~--a~~ ·.P.T(~ :>z ' i WH('. ~·l by T C. Gustavson M. W Presley C R Handford. R. J. Finley. S. P. Dutton, R W Baumgardner, Jr., K. A. McGilliS, and W W. Simpkins ~CONo, • . ~,;_,i' ; _ ~ .· .... 1I .,I.; . ---~ ....... _,..._ ....... - "'" 0 Bureau of Economic Geology 0' .. ()'_-•__ ·-._., Cl /·',;: tal~ , t-\ The Urwersity of Texas at Aust1n W L. Ftsher, Director • ~ ~ . ~ ot"l 1:': i -~ - ~ O:,j • Aust1n, Texas 78712 ,~· ~ \" .'C ~~I" .i$1; . '0 . "• -.~~ •: /).n ., ,._') ' ~- . } ~~~ ~ I .._·· • J ~ !~ :S t.. -"'r ,.., • • ._.( ~tt:. :~~~;: ~~~( <7 * . ·---· s ~ DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Geological Circular 80-7 GEOLOGY AND GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE PALO DURO BASIN, TEXAS PANHANDLE· A Report on the Progress of Nuclear Waste Isolation Feasibility Studies 0979) ---------DISCLAIMER---------, This boo~> was prepared as an aceount of work sponsored by an agency of the U~ited States Go:;:.::~'· 1 Neither the United Stat7s ~vernment nor anva:e~cva:n~i~~:i· 1~ u~rail;~~';~,i~;p;:~~~ ac~;ra:. warranty, express or •mplied, ,oranassui::rma~on~ apparatus, product, or process disclosed,. ~r completen~, o_r us::u:,e;d ~ot i:fringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to anv_ spec•hc represent~ t at ItS u or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwJSO, ~ocs I commerc•al ~~rod:~~~~:e~r imply Its endorsement, recommendation. or favoring by th_e United t/ by ~~;,~:~~~ent or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed here1n do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or a~y agency thereof. T. C. Gustavson, M. W. Presley, C. R. Handford, R. J. Finley, S. P. Dutton, R. W. Baumgardner, Jr., K. A. MCGillis, and W. W. Simpkins· Burea1,1 of Economic Geology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 W." L. Fisher, Director a: IU g0 IU (I) 0 Funded by U.S. Department of Energy, ~ > ) jjj"' Contract No. DE-AC97-79ET44614 0 ;::)" IU .Jv~ Q. a: 1980 OF THIS UNLIM\(':3 "to•"'"U gl•li-'WI •••to" i1 QllCyi~EtW1S· ..·.c_ ' ''!' < . \. THIS PAGE· WAS INTENTIO-NALLY. LEFT BLANK ( (: '- . TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose and scope -. 1 Palo Duro and Dalhart Basin studies-- A summary of second-year research activities 3 Lithofacies and depositional environments of evaporite-bearing strata based on Randall and Swisher County cores • 5 Mapping of facies by well log interpretation • 8 Upper Permian salt-bearing stratigraphic units 12 Salt depositional systems--an example from the Tubb Formation 24 Salt depth a!"ld thickness studies 33 Petroleum source rock quality and thermal maturity • 41 Preliminary aspects of deep-basin hydrology • 47 Climatic analysis 52 Slope erosion mechanisms • 58 Suspended sediment concentration and stream discharge relationships for the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River: an approach to determine erosion rates 63 Shallow ground-water hydrology--a preliminary review 67 Rates of salt dissolution 71 Preliminary rates of slope retreat and salt dissolution along the eastern Caprock Escarpment of the Southern High Plains and in the Canadian River Valley 7 6 Faulting and salt dissolution 83 Collapse chimneys, collapse surfaces, and breccia zones 88 Landsat analysis of surface linear elements • 92 References ... iii •• '"· • •• I· • ....·. :: . ·:. : . ' !. ;' •. •' ; 1 ·· .. :..'' ·~\ ·-':. :T.filS''''PAGE--:>·._· I .. WAS 'INTENTlON:ALLY LEFT BLANK ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1. Structure of Texas Panhandle Program .- 2 2. Log facies cross section, upper Clear Fork Formation • 10 3. Log facies cross section, Glorieta Formation • 11 4. Regional structural setting of the Palo Duro and Dalhart Basins • .. 15 t 5. North-south cross section, Upper Permian salt-bearing strata, Texas Panhandle 16 6. East-west cross section, Upper Permian salt-bearing strata, Texas Pan­ handle .. 17 7. Upper Clear Fork- Glorieta.Formations, north_.south cross section C-C', Texas Panhandle • 18 · 8. Thickness of upper Clear Fork- Glorieta Formations, Texas Panhandle 19 9. San Andres Formation, north-south cross section D-D', Texas Panhandle 20 10. Thickness of San Andres Formation, Texas Panhandle 21 11. Post-San Andres Formations, north-south cross section E-E', Texas Panhandle 22 12. Thickness of post-San Andres Formations, Texas Panhandle • 23 13. Facies and environments recorded in Tubb strata of the Palo Duro and Dalhart Basins • - 26 14. Diagrammatic north-south cross section of Tubb strata 15. Diagrammatic representation of the interrelationship between Tubb red-bed (siliciclastic) units and evaporite-carbonate units 28 16. Northwest-southeast cross section, Tubb Formation·,- Palo Duro Basin 29 17. Net mudstone of a siliciclastic-dominant bed in the Tubb Formation (Tubb unit G) • 30 18. Facies maps of evaporite-carbonate units 1, 2, and 3 (oldest to· youngest) of the Tubb Formation 31 19. North-south cross section of Tubb evaporite-carbonate unit 2, il­ -e lustrating southward shift of carbonate and evaporite facies 32 v 20. · Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m) net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), lower Clear Fork Formation, Texas Panhandle 34 21. Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m) net ·salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), upper Clear Fork Formation, Texas Panhandle 35 22. Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m). net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), Glorieta Formation, Texas Panhandle 36 23. Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m) net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), lower part of San Andres Formation, Texas Panhandle 37 24. Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m) net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), upper part of San Andres Formation, Texas Panhandle 38 25. Salt deposits .with more than 50 ft (15 m) net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000 ft (305 and 915 m), Seven Rivers Formation, Texas Panhandle • 39 26. Salt deposits with more than 50 ft (15 m) net salt that occur at depths between 1,000 and 3,000. ft (305 and 915 m), Salado Formation, Texas Panhandle 40 27. Wells in the Palo Duro Basin, Texas, with good to very good Penn­ sylvanian and Wolfcampian source rock potential on the basis of total organic carbon content 44 28. Geographic distribution of organic carbon in Pennsylvanian and Wolf- campian strata of the Palo Duro Basin, Texas. 45 . 29. Kerogen color (thermal alteration index) and vitrinite reflectance values of Pt;-nnc;ylvr~nirt.n source rocks in the Palo Duro Basin, Texas, related to hydrocarbon facies (from Schwab, 1977) • 46 30. Potentiometric surface ·of Pennsylvanian strata (excluding granite wash) in the Palo Duro and Dalhart Basins, Texas • 49 31. Potentiometric surface. of Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) str·ata in the Palo Duro and Dalhart Basins, Texas 50 32. Pressure versus depth curves for drill stem tests in Bailey and Donley Counties, Texas 51 33. Rainfall intensity-duration profiles for two storms, recorded at erosion monitoring localities 55 ··... 34. Hourly rainfall intensity expressed as a percent of the total time p'eriod of rainfall with intensity > 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) per hour; also, hourly rainfall intensities for a single storm at Amarillo, Texas • 56 vi 35. Four-inch (102 mm) isohyets compiled from daily 24-hour .rainfall distribution maps for the period 1947-1976 57 36. Net erosion and deposition for 39 erosion pins measured ·on December 12, 1978, and August 8, 1979 61 37. Net erosion and deposition for erosion pins at four monitoring localit­ ies for the periods (1) December 12, 1978, to August 8, 1979, at Caprock Canyons State Park, (2) June 26, 1978, to ·August 24, 19?9, at Palo Duro Canyon State Park, (3) June 6, 1978, to· May 1, 1979, at Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge, and (4) February 3, 1978, to Dec~mber ll, 1978, at Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge . • 62 38. Suspended sediment concentration and stream discharge relationships f~r two regions--one semiarid and one humid • 65 39. Suspended sediment load and stream discharge relationships for two streams in semiarid regions • . • 66 . 40. ConceptuaJ grou.nd-water flow model for the High Plains and Rolling Plains regions, showing ground-water flow paths in relation to regional recharge and discharge areas and to th~ pattern of salt dissolution · (from Gustavson and others, in press) 70 41.
Recommended publications
  • Baylor Geological Studies

    Baylor Geological Studies

    BAYLORGEOLOGICA L STUDIES PAUL N. DOLLIVER Creative thinking is more important than elaborate FRANK PH.D. PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY BAYLOR UNIVERSITY 1929-1934 Objectives of Geological Training at Baylor The training of a geologist in a university covers but a few years; his education continues throughout his active life. The purposes of train­ ing geologists at Baylor University are to provide a sound basis of understanding and to foster a truly geological point of view, both of which are essential for continued professional growth. The staff considers geology to be unique among sciences since it is primarily a field science. All geologic research in­ cluding that done in laboratories must be firmly supported by field observations. The student is encouraged to develop an inquiring ob­ jective attitude and to examine critically all geological concepts and principles. The development of a mature and professional attitude toward geology and geological research is a principal concern of the department. Frontis. Sunset over the Canadian River from near the abandoned settlement of Old Tascosa, Texas. The rampart-like cliffs on the horizon first inspired the name "Llano Estacado" (Palisaded Plain) among Coronado's men. THE BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS WACO, TEXAS BAYLOR GEOLOGICAL STUDIES BULLETIN NO. 42 Cenozoic Evolution of the Canadian River Basin Paul N. DoUiver BAYLOR UNIVERSITY Department of Geology Waco, Texas Spring 1984 Baylor Geological Studies EDITORIAL STAFF Jean M. Spencer Jenness, M.S., Editor environmental and medical geology O. T. Ph.D., Advisor, Cartographic Editor what have you Peter M. Allen, Ph.D. urban and environmental geology, hydrology Harold H. Beaver, Ph.D.
  • Txu-Oclc-2601092.Pdf

    Txu-Oclc-2601092.Pdf

    BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY The University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 l'eter T. Flawn, Director Report of Investigations—No. 51 Relation of Ogallala Formation to the Southern High Plains in Texas By John C. Frye and A. Byron Leonard March 1964 Contents Page Abstract 5 Introduction 5 Regional physiography 8 The Ogallala Formation and the High Plains surface 10 Fossil seeds of the Ogallala Formation 11 Pleistocene dissection of the High Plains margin 14 Abandoned Panther Valley 15 Lake Lomax 17 Fossil molluscan assemblages 18 Conclusions 20 References 20 Index . 24 - Illustrations Figures Page Index of central-western Texas location 1. map showing of profiles and fossil localities . 7 2. Regional profiles in central-western Texas 9 abandoned Panther the 3. Profiles across Lake Lomax and Valley in of and Glasscock counties - 16 Big Spring area Howard, Martin, Plate I. Field views 22 Relation of Ogallala Formation to the Southern High Plains in Texas JOHN C. FRYE 1 and A. BYRON LEONARD^ ABSTRACT Studies along the southern and south- Pliocene and Pleistocene valley is de- scribed of Edwards Plateau eastern borders of the High Plains have across a prong the of outliers of south of and the drainage of demonstrated presence Big Spring, Lake Lomax is de- fossiliferous Ogallala Formation in Borden the late Pleistocene in and Scurry counties and have documented termined to have occurred pre-Bradyan Wisconsinan lime. A the occurrence of Pliocene deposition as far meaningful physio- be- The limit of cannot be drawn southeast as Sterling County. graphic boundary southern limits of the characteristic Ash Hollow seed floras is ex- tween the High Plains and the Edwards Plateau.
  • The Distribution and Origin of Silcrete in the Ogallala Formation, Garza County, Texas

    The Distribution and Origin of Silcrete in the Ogallala Formation, Garza County, Texas

    The Distribution and Origin of Silcrete in the Ogallala Formation, Garza County, Texas by Zaneta Larie McCoy, B.S., B.A. A THESIS IN GEOSCIENCES Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved Thomas Lehman Chair of Committee Eileen Johnson Haraldur Karlsson Peter Holterhoff Peggy Gordon Miller Dean of the Graduate School August, 2011 © 2011, Zaneta Larie McCoy, B.S., B.A. Texas Tech University, Zaneta L. McCoy , August 2011 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my wonderful and thoughtful husband, Travis. Your unconditional love, support, and humor have brought me through some hard times. I would not be where I am without you and our fur-babies, Wednesday, Katt, and Bear. I would like to extend my gratitude and appreciation to my thesis advisor, Dr. Tom Lehman, and my thesis committee, Drs. Eileen Johnson, Hal Karlsson, and Peter Holterhoff. Dr. Lehman, your educational guidance, which often took the form of weekly pep-talks and humor-laden e-mails, has proved to be invaluable in the course of this research. The extent of your knowledge in geology and, for that matter, silcretes, which apparently only six people in the whole world care about, still astounds me. Dr. Lehman, I guess you are one of those six people, afterall. Dr. Johnson, your financial support during my time at Texas Tech is greatly appreciated. Also, your constructive criticism and knowledge of Southern High Plains archaeology has proved invaluable in finishing this project. Dr. Karlsson, thank you for your help in stable isotope geochemistry and hydrous minerals.
  • A Big Colorful Hole in the Ground

    A Big Colorful Hole in the Ground

    A Big Colorful Hole in the Ground The first account I had of Palo Duro Canyon was from my son. He had been out to Lubbock to attend the swearing in of a friend from college as a County Judge. My nephew, Ben, who lives in Lubbock, said, because my son had some free time, they should go see Palo Duro Canyon. So, according to my son’s account, “Off we went at a high rate of speed” as the West Texans are disposed to do. My immediate family members are life-long residents of the coast and East Texas. We are accustomed to seeing trees and lots of greenery. The cap rock country is a different world to us. “We were cruising along slightly below the speed sufficient to become airborne, in that barren desert country,” my son recalled. “Ben told me I would not believe my eyes, and I did not!” ”! After a few twists and turns off the interstate, a road plunged down 800 feet into a vast depression in the ground. And this is exactly as I found it some years later. We went there to camp in the canyon and see this marvelous 16 thousand acre plus Texas treasure, The Grand Canyon of Texas (and the second largest canyon in the US). The multi-colored canyon walls were striking but had little effect on Brigid. Her first sighting of a flock of wild turkeys that came “grazing” by our camper about day break was quite another matter. Her behavior reminded me of that of our son when at 5 years of age he saw an elephant for the first time.
  • Index of Surface Water Stations in Texas

    Index of Surface Water Stations in Texas

    1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I AUSTIN, TEXAS INDEX OF SURFACE WATER STATIONS IN TEXAS Operated by the Water Resources Division of the Geological Survey in cooperation with State and Federal Agencies Gaging Station 08065000. Trinity River near Oakwood , October 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Geological Survey - Water Resources Division INDEX OF SURFACE WATER STATIONS IN TEXAS OCTOBER 1970 Copies of this report may be obtained from District Chief. Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey Federal Building Austin. Texas 78701 1970 CONTENTS Page Introduction ............................... ................•.......•...•..... Location of offices .........................................•..•.......... Description of stations................................................... 2 Definition of tenns........... • . 2 ILLUSTRATIONS Location of active gaging stations in Texas, October 1970 .•.•.•.••..•••••..•.. 1n pocket TABLES Table 1. Streamflow, quality, and reservoir-content stations •.•.•... ~........ 3 2. Low-fla.o~ partial-record stations.................................... 18 3. Crest-stage partial-record stations................................. 22 4. Miscellaneous sites................................................. 27 5. Tide-level stations........................ ........................ 28 ii INDEX OF SURFACE WATER STATIONS IN TEXAS OCTOBER 1970 The U.S. Geological Survey's investigations of the water resources of Texas are con­ ducted in cooperation with the Texas Water Development
  • Observations of Turbulent Kinematics and Lightning-Inferred Electric Potential Structure in a Severe Squall Line Eric C

    Observations of Turbulent Kinematics and Lightning-Inferred Electric Potential Structure in a Severe Squall Line Eric C

    XV International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, 15-20 June 2014, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Observations of turbulent kinematics and lightning-inferred electric potential structure in a severe squall line Eric C. Bruning1∗ Vicente Salinas1, Vanna Sullivan1, Scott Gunter1, and John Schroeder1 1Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, U.S.A. ABSTRACT: Recent work by Bruning and MacGorman [2013] proposed an energetic measure of lightning flashes based on flash size (area) and rate. The resulting energy spectrum as a function of flash size had a consistent shape, and had an apparently linear scaling regime at the same length scales where a turbulent thunderstorm’s inertial subrange would be expected. They hypothesized that electrical potential was organized by the (possibly turbulent) character of the convective flow. Since then, flash extent has also been applied to the energy available for NOx production by lightning, and the geometric, space-filling character of the lightning channel itself. A severe squall line that moved across West Texas on the night of 5 June 2013 caused extensive dam- age, including much that was consistent with 80-90 mph winds in the vicinity of Lubbock. The storm was samplednear Pep, TX during the onset of severe winds by two Ka-band mobile radars operated by Texas Tech University (TTU), as well as the West Texas Lightning Mapping Array (WTLMA). In-situ observa- tions by TTU StickNet probes verified the severe winds. Vertical scans with the radars were taken ahead of the storm and continuously for one hour behind the line in conditions consistent with the conceptual model for the transition zone of a mesoscale convective system.
  • A Biodiversity and Conservation Assessment of the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion

    A Biodiversity and Conservation Assessment of the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion

    A Biodiversity and Conservation Assessment of the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion June 2004 © The Nature Conservancy This document may be cited as follows: The Nature Conservancy. 2004. A Biodiversity and Conservation Assessment of the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion. Edwards Plateau Ecoregional Planning Team, The Nature Conservancy, San Antonio, TX, USA. Acknowledgements Jasper, Dean Keddy-Hector, Jean Krejca, Clifton Ladd, Glen Longley, Dorothy Mattiza, Terry The results presented in this report would not have Maxwell, Pat McNeal, Bob O'Kennon, George been possible without the encouragement and Ozuna, Jackie Poole, Paula Power, Andy Price, assistance of many individuals and organizations. James Reddell, David Riskind, Chuck Sexton, Cliff Most of the day-to-day work in completing this Shackelford, Geary Shindel, Alisa Shull, Jason assessment was done by Jim Bergan, Bill Carr, David Singhurst, Jack Stanford, Sue Tracy, Paul Turner, O. Certain, Amalie Couvillion, Lee Elliott, Aliya William Van Auken, George Veni, and David Wolfe. Ercelawn, Mark Gallyoun, Steve Gilbert, Russell We apologize for any inadvertent omissions. McDowell, Wayne Ostlie, and Ryan Smith. Finally, essential external funding for this work This project also benefited significantly from the came from the Department of Defense and the U. S. involvement of several current and former Nature Army Corps of Engineers through the Legacy Grant Conservancy staff including: Craig Groves, Greg program. Without this financial support, many of the Lowe, Robert Potts, and Jim Sulentich. Thanks for critical steps in the planning process might not have the push and encouragement. Our understanding of ever been completed. Thank you. the conservation issues important to the Edwards Plateau was greatly improved through the knowledge and experiences shared by many Conservancy staff including Angela Anders, Gary Amaon, Paul Barwick, Paul Cavanagh, Dave Mehlman, Laura Sanchez, Dan Snodgrass, Steve Jester, Bea Harrison, Jim Harrison, and Nurani Hogue.
  • Geomorphic Processes of the Texas Panhandle

    Geomorphic Processes of the Texas Panhandle

    I OF-HHJI -1983-10 I I I GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES OF THE I TEXAS PANHANDLE by I R.W. Baumgardner, Jr. I I I I I I Pre pared for the I U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation I under contract no. DE-AC-97-83WM46615 Bureau of Economic Geology W.L. Fisher, Director The University of Texas at Austin University Station, P.O. Box X Austin, Texas 78713 1983 I I 3.3.2.4 Jointing History I Joints are fractures in a rock that exhibit no detectable displace­ ment between one face of the fracture and the other. Previous work on I the origin of joints has determined different mechanisms to explain I 'fracturing. Some researchers have explained joints in terms of their relationship to tectonic deformation and major structural elements I (Harris and others, 1960; Price, 1966; Stearns and Friedman, 1972). Others have shown that joints may develop independently from tectonic deformation I and that joints may form in sedimentary rocks early in their history (Parker, I 1942; Hodgson, 1961; Price, 1966; Cook and Johnson, 1970). Price (1974) investigated the development of joints and stress systems in undeformed I sediments during the accumulation of a sedimentary series, its downwarping and subsequent uplift, and accompanying de-watering of the sediments: Joints I can also result from unloading due to erosion (Chapman, 1958). The formation of I joints in sedimentary rocks is dependent on three factors (Hobbs, 1967): (1) physical properties of both the fractured rock bed and the surrounding I rock beds; (2) thickness of the rock bed; and (3) degree of tectonic deforma­ tion of the beds.
  • Reconaissance of the Chemical Quality of Surface Waters of The

    Reconaissance of the Chemical Quality of Surface Waters of The

    ( TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD REPORT 129 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS OF THE RED RIVER BASIN, TEXAS By Donald K. Leifeste, James F. Blakey. and Leon S. Hughes Prepared by the U.S GeologH;.1 Su..... ey in c:oope,-"on wIth the TellllS Waler Development Board M~ 1971 TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD W. E. Tinsley, Chairman Marvin Shurbet. Vice Chairman Robert B. Gilmore John H. McCoy Milton T. Potts earl Illig Harry P. Burleigh. EXl!QJtive Director ( Authorization for use or reproduction of any material contained in this publication, i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted without the n«:essity of securing permission therefor. The Board would appreciate acknowledgement of the source of original material so utilized. ( ( Published and distributed bV the Texas Water Development Board ( Post Office Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711 ( ( ii i :;.oC , ~no <.. ... qa 1)0 lal TABLE OF CONTENTS Pogo ABSTRACT .... _.... INTRODUCTION . 3 RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN 3 General Description 3 Population and Municipalities 5 Agricultural and Industrial Development ...............•... 9 Development of Surface·Water Resources . 9 CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER 9 Chemical·Quality Records ....................••............••......•.. 9 Streamflow Records . 10 Environmental Factors and Their Effects on the Chemical Quality of the Water ...............•...........................•. 10 Geology ..................••.••..••.••..••••...•..•....•••..•...•. 10 Streamflow . 12 Actillities of Man ., 12 Relation of Quality of Water to Use 17 Domestic Use 17 Industrial Use 19 Irrigation .. 19 Geographic Variations In Water Quality ............•.................... 19 Dissolved Solids ... 21 Chloride . 22 Hardness ...........••.••..•••••..•••••..•••••.••••••..•••••.•••.. _ 22 Other Constituents .......•.........•.••••.....•......•......•...••.•. 22 Water Quality in Reservoirs 22 Buffalo Lake . 22 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS IConl'd.) p,.
  • Flora of North Central Texas Flora of North Central Texas

    Flora of North Central Texas Flora of North Central Texas

    SHINNERS & MAHLER’S FLOR A OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS GEORGE M. DIGGSIGGS,, JJR.. BBARNEY L. LIPSCOMBIPSCOMB ROBERT J. O’KENNON D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF TEXAS MODIFIED FROM CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TEXAS (HATCH ET AL. 1990). NEARLY IDENTICAL MAPS HAVE BEEN USED IN NUMEROUS WORKS ON TEXAS INCLUDING GOULD (1962) AND CORRELL AND JOHNSTON (1970). 1 PINEYWOODS 2 GULF PRAIRIES AND MARSHEs 3 POST OAK SAVANNAH 4 BLACKLAND PRAIRIES 5 CROSS TIMBERS AND PRAIRIES 6 SOUTH TEXAS PLAINS 7 EDWARDS PLATEAU 8 ROLLING PLAINS 9 HIGH PLAINS 10 TRANS-PECOS, MOUNTAINS AND BASINS D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SHINNERS & MAHLER’S ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS Shinners & Mahler’s ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) BASS FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON RUTH ANDERSSON MAY MARY G. PALKO AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION MARGRET M. RIMMER MIKE AND EVA SANDLIN INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: PEG AND BEN KEITH FRIENDS OF HAGERMAN NAT IONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION JOHN D.
  • Baylor Geological Studies

    Baylor Geological Studies

    G. Univ. of Texas at Arlington 76019US A BAYLORGEOLOGICA L FALL 1978 Bulletin No. 35 Evolution of the Southern High Plains JIMMY R. WALKER thinking is more important than elaborate FRANK PH.D. PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY BAYLOR UNIVERSITY 1929-1934 Objectives of Geological Training at Baylor The training of a geologist in a university covers but a few years; his education continues throughout his active life. The purposes of train­ ing geologists at Baylor University are to provide a sound basis of understanding and to foster a truly geological point of view, both of which are essential for continued professional growth. The staff considers geology to be unique among sciences since it is primarily a field science. All geologic research in­ cluding that done in laboratories must be firmly supported by field observations. The student is encouraged to develop an inquiring ob­ jective attitude and to examine critically all geological concepts and principles. The development of a mature and professional attitude toward geology and geological research is a principal concern of the department. THE BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS WACO, TEXAS BAYLOR GEOLOGICAL STUDIES BULLETIN NO. 35 Evolution of the Southern High Plains Jimmy R. Walker BAYLOR UNIVERSITY Department of Geology Waco, Texas Fall, 1978 C. L - Univ. of Texas at Tx. Studies EDITORIAL STAFF Jean M. Spencer, M.S., Editor environmental and medical geology O. T. Hayward, Ph.D., Advisor, Cartographic Editor urban geology and what have you Harold H. Beaver, Ph.D. stratigraphy, petroleum geology Gustavo A. Morales, Ph.D. invertebrate paleontology, micropaleontology, stratigraphy, oceanography Robert G. Font, Ph.D.
  • JP3J.7 the MOISTURE ROUTE of PALO DURO CANYON Kevin R

    JP3J.7 the MOISTURE ROUTE of PALO DURO CANYON Kevin R

    JP3J.7 THE MOISTURE ROUTE OF PALO DURO CANYON Kevin R. Walter*, Christopher C. Weiss, Andrew H.P. Swift Texas Tech University Wind Science and Engineering Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PREVIOUS WORK Due to the significant discontinuity in elevation Despite Palo Duro Canyon’s potentially created by the “Caprock” Escarpment in west Texas, important role in local meteorology, there are few low-level moisture returning to that region under the previous works that address the issue. Further, to the influence of southeasterly flow potentially has significant authors’ knowledge there have been no attempts to take interaction with that feature. The shape of the Caprock measurements inside the canyon. Gerbier (1961), while Escarpment in the central Texas panhandle is such that investigating lee waves in the French Alps, found that air confined to the lowest atmospheric levels would be upward motion, an important factor for convection and “funneled” into the increasingly narrow cross-section of convective initiation, is most enhanced when winds flow Palo Duro Canyon. Eventually, the air would reach the into a concave escarpment with a steep boundary. A head of the canyon and lift over the escarpment, multi-year Amarillo, TX radar climatology by Marshall spreading onto the tabletop plains. Though the (1980) revealed a maximum in convective activity on or influence of the Caprock Escarpment on convective near the Caprock Escarpment, with the southeastern initiation is something that has interested storm chasers portion of Palo Duro Canyon recording the highest for decades, the problem needs further investigation for number of radar echoes during the months of May and a wider variety of meteorological reasons June (his Figure 10).