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FIVE-YEAR REVIEW REPORT Delaware Sand & Gravel Site New

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FIVE-YEAR REVIEW REPORT Delaware Sand & Gravel Site New FIVE-YEAR REVIEW REPORT Delaware Sand & Gravel Site New Castle, Delaware Prepared by: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region III Philadelphia, Pennsylvania AR30l»U2l U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region III Hazardous Site Cleanup Division Second Five-Year Review (Type I) Delaware Sand & Gravel Site New Castle, Delaware I. Introduction A. Purpose EPA Region HI conducted this review pursuant to § 121 (c) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended ("CERCLA"), . 42 U.S.C. § 9621(c); § 300.400{f)(4)(ii) of the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, 40 C.F.R. Part 300 (as amended); and OSWER Directives 9355.7-02 (May 23,1991), 9355.7-02A (July 26,1994) and 9355.7-03A (December 21,1995). It is a statutory review. The purpose of a five-year review is to ensure that a remedial action remains protective of public health and the environment and is functioning as designed This document will become a part of the Site file. This is a Type I review since remedial action construction has been completed and the site is in the Operations and Maintenance ("O&M") phase. B. Site History and Characteristics The Delaware Sand & Gravel Superfund Site ("DS&G" or "Site") is a former sand and gravel quarry comprising 27 acres and located approximately two miles southwest of the City of New Castle, Delaware. Approximately 550,000 cubic yards of industrial waste and construction debris, including thousands of drums containing organic and inorganic hazardous substances, were disposed of within four distinct disposal areas on the Site. The Site began landfilling operations in 1968 and continued until 1976 when the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control ("DNREC") closed the landfill. The Site was placed on the CERCLA National Priorities List ("NPL") on September 8,1983. The Site is bordered to the east by railroad tracks and on the west and north by Army Creek, which discharges into the Delaware River approximately one mile to the east. Public roads adjacent to the Site are Grantham Lane to the south and Delaware Route 9 to the east. The Site is adjacent to and southeast of another Superfund site, Army Creek Landfill, which was a municipal and industrial waste disposal site owned and operated by New Castle County. Ground water contamination was first discovered in a residential well downgradient of the Army Creek and Delaware Sand & Gravel Sites. Subsequent investigations indicated that leachate originating from both the Army Creek and Delaware Sand & Gravel Sites was contaminating the local aquifers. Because the two Superfund sites are contiguous and the , respective contaminant plumes are intermingled, EPA decided to address the ground water contamination collectively. The decision to pump and treat the contaminated ground water prior to discharging the treated water into Army Creek is embodied in Record of Decisions issued by EPA for the Army Creek Site in September 1986 and June 1990. Accordingly, the ground water remediation is being performed as part of the Army Creek site cleanup. Construction of the groundwater pump and treat system was completed in January 1994. The recovered groundwater is directed to an on-site treatment plant prior to discharge to Army Creek. On April 22,1988, EPA, in consultation with DNREC, issued a Record of Decision ("ROD") for source control at the Site. In recognition of the area-specific conditions found during the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study, the ROD provided for area-specific remedies. The ROD addressed the construction of three separate remedial measures to address site conditions, Consequently, EPA divided the planned site activities into three operable units. The remedial objectives and description of the major components of each operable unit are outlined in Section n below. The ROD required, among other aspects, the performance of a Prc-Dcsign Investigation ("PDI") for performance of the Operable Unit 2 remedy selected for the Drum Disposal and Ridge Areas of the Site. The PDI, performed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, ("USAGE") found that the nature and extent of contamination at the Drum Disposal Area ("DDA") was significantly more complex than anticipated in the 1988 ROD. The study found that a considerable number of intact drums remain buried in the DDA and that contaminants from the DDA had migrated along an underlying clay layer further than was previously known. Based on this more complete characterization of the DDA and its effect on the scope of the project, EPA and DNREC determined that the remedy selected in the ROD had to be revised to address these previously unrecognized site conditions. In December 1992, certain PRPs agreed to conduct a Focused Feasibility Study ("FFS") to evaluate remedial alternatives for Operable Unit 2 (the Drum Disposal and Ridge Areas) of the Site. Based upon results of the Pre-Design Investigation and the FFS, EPA and the State determined that the remedy selected in the ROD should be modified. The decision to modify the selected remedial action at the Site was embodied in a Record of Decision Amendment ("ROD Amendment"), issued on September 30,1993. The remedial action construction phase at the Site was officially completed in August 1997. The site is presently in the Operations and Maintenance ("O&M") Phase of activities. II. Remedial Objectives; Areas of Compliance/Non-compliance The comprehensive objective of the remedial action is to reduce the concentration of Site related contaminants such that: (1) the potential carcinogenic risk to people exposed to the Site is within the 10** risk range; and, (2) the potential for adverse health effects from exposure to chemicals exhibiting noncarcinogenic effects is reduced to acceptable levels (i.e., a Hazard Index less than 1.0). It should be noted that the baseline risk assessment was based on a potential future-use scenario for the site. The site-wide remedial objectives identified above were not Mwm tend l»iv«l8U«Fh»YMrRMlMr, Septan** 30.1M9 AR30H23 * achieved before construction at each of the operable units was completed in August 1997. Refer to the 1988 ROD and the 1993 ROD Amendment for a discussion of applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements ("ARARs"). A review of ARARs was conducted to determine if any had changed since the ROD and ROD Amendment were issued and if they had whether the remedial actions would still be protective of human health and the environment. It was determined that none had changed. A description of remedial objectives and major components of each area specific remedy are presented in Subsections A, B and C which follow. In addition, the status of activities at each operable unit is presented based upon review of monthly USAGE remedial action oversight reports, PRP Quarterly O&M Reports and a site visit conducted June 1,1999. This site visit was conducted jointly by the EPA and US ACE and included a visual inspection of each area. Significant observations are provided for each site-specific area. A. Grantham South Area (Operable Unit 1) 1. Remedial Objectives - prevent the threat of direct contact with contaminated soils and minimize leaching of hazardous substances to the ground water. 2. Outline of Selected Remedy • Construction of a multi-layer landfill cap and gas venting system • Perimeter fencing 3. Status of Construction Activities Construction of the multi-layer cap (including a gas venting and monitoring system) at • the Grantham South Area began in September 1989 and was completed in September 1991. A security fence was installed around the perimeter of the Grantham South Area. O&M and monitoring of the Grantham South Area is currently performed by DNREC. Field inspections have confirmed that the landfill cap remains functional. The site visit verified that the area was secured by a chain link fence and locked gate. Final vegetative cover has been established and is well maintained. The annual mowing of grass in this area was recently completed. In addition, gas monitoring probes and gas monitoring vents appeared to be in working order. B. Drum Disposal and Ridge Areas (Operable Unit 2) 1. Remedial Objectives - prevent the threat of direct contact with wastes and contaminated soils; minimize leaching of hazardous substances to the ground water. DtfawMi Sand A Gw* SHt RvfrYt* RtvMw, September 30.19M AR30I»U2I» 2. Outline of Selected Remedy DmmPisnosfll Area Construction of a sluny wall outside the DDA a.k.a. the ("containment area") Dewatering the interior of the slurry wall; offsite treatment and disposal of extracted water Excavation of wastes buried within the DDA Treatment and/or disposal of drummed materials and highly contaminated soils Treatment of soils within the containment area using bioremediation (bioventing) Construction of a multi-layer landfill cap Perimeter fencing Deed Restriction Ridge Area • Removal of existing surficial debris • Excavation of surface soils exceeding soil cleanup standards • Treatment of the excavated soil with the material within the DDA • Backfilling with clean soil, regrading and construction of a soil cover. 3. Status of Construction Activities Excavation of buried drums within the DDA began in August 1995 and was completed in August 1996. An estimated 13,000 drums were removed and transported off-site for treatment and/or disposal. In addition, approximately 2,300 cubic yards of PCB contaminated soil was transported off-site for incineration between February and May 1996. Construction of the DDA slurry wall was completed during summer 1996. Construction of the bioremediation (bioventing) system designed to treat approximately 80,000 cubic yards of contaminated soils within the DDA slurry wall began in September 1996 and was completed in July 1997. The bioremediation process for contaminated soils began in July 1997 and will operate for a projected period of approximately eight years under the O&M Phase.
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